Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of novel 2-aryl-3-ethoxy-5-methyl-3-oxido-2H-thiazolo[2,3-e][1,4,2]diazaphosphole-6-carboxylates and their anticancer efficacy in inducing apoptosis and autophagy and targeting cell cycle progression

A novel class of ethyl 2-aryl-3-ethoxy-5-methyl-3-oxido-2H-thiazolo[2,3-e][1,4,2]diazaphosphole-6-carboxylates (2a-j) were synthesized via a one-pot, three-component method. This reaction utilized ethyl 2-amino-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (1) with different aromatic aldehydes and ethyl dichlorophosphite in THF under ultrasonic irradiation, with triethylamine as an efficient catalyst at 50 °C. The reaction provided the desired products 2a-j in high yields within a short timeframe. The cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds were assessed against two human cancer cell lines, lung cancer (A549) and renal cancer (TK-10), using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. This evaluation revealed that products 2e, 2h and 2j demonstrated significantly higher cytotoxicity against the studied cancer cells than the standard drug doxorubicin. These bioactive products notably increased the late apoptosis rate in both cell lines and demonstrated a promising high ability to arrest the cell cycle at different phases in renal TK-10 and lung A549 cancer cells. Additionally, compounds 2e, 2h and 2j displayed potential for inducing autophagy.

Ultrasound-Assisted Wittig Reaction for the Synthesis of 3-Substituted 4-Chloroquinolines and Quinolin-4(1H)-ones with Extended π-Conjugated Systems

3-(Vinyl-/buta-1,3-dien-1-yl/4-phenylbuta-1,3-dien-1-yl)-4-chloro quinolines and quinolin-4(1H)-ones were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted Wittig reaction of the corresponding 4-chloro-3-formylquinoline and 3-formylquinolin-4(1H)-ones with nonstabilized ylides. Ease execution, mild conditions, and high yields make this method exploitable for the generation of libraries of 3-substituted 4-chloroquinolines and quinolin-4(1H)-ones with extended π-conjugated systems. To demonstrate the usefulness of these compounds as precursors for the synthesis of more complex structures, 3-vinylquinolin-4(1H)-ones were used as dienes in the Diels–Alder reaction with N-methylmaleimide to produce novel acridone derivatives. The attempted Diels–Alder reaction with 3-(buta-1,3-dien-1-yl)quinolin-4(1H)-one did not afford the expected cycloadduct; instead, 2-methyl-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline was obtained. The structures and stereochemistry of the new compounds were established by NMR studies.

Specific chiroptical sensing of cysteine via ultrasound-assisted formation of disulfide bonds in aqueous solution

Cysteine (Cys) can serve as a biomarker to indicate diseases or disorders, and its chiral sensing has attracted increasing attention. Herein, we established an ultrasound-facilitated chiral sensing method for Cys using 4-chloro-7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. The formation of chiral disulfide bonds induced degenerate exciton coupling between two NBD chromophores, resulting in intense Cotton effects (CEs) of the sensing product. The anisotropy factor (g) was linearly correlated with the enantiomeric excess of Cys across the visible region (400-500 nm), and other natural amino acids or biothiols did not interfere with the detection. This ultrasound-promoted efficient and specific chiral sensing method of Cys has potential for application in the diagnosis of related diseases.

One-pot multi-component synthesis of diverse bioactive heterocyclic scaffolds involving 6-aminouracil or its N-methyl derivatives as a versatile reagent

The present review summarizes all the multi-component reaction strategies reported during last two decades for the synthesis of diverse bioactive heterocyclic scaffolds involving 6-aminouracil or its N-methyl derivatives.

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A review

The pyrimidine scaffold is present in many bioactive drugs; therefore, efficient synthetic routes that provide shorter reaction times, higher yields, and site-selective reactions are constantly being sought. Ultrasound (US) irradiation has emerged as an alternative energy source in the synthesis of these heterocyclic scaffolds, and over the last ten years there has been a significant increase in the number of publications mentioning US in either the construction or derivatization of the pyrimidine core. This review presents a detailed summary (with 140 references) of the effects of US (synergic or not) on the construction and derivatization of the pyrimidine core through classical reactions (e.g., multicomponent, cyclocondensation, cycloaddition, and alkylation reactions). The main points that were taken into consideration are as follows: chemo- and regioselectivity issues, and the results of conventional heating methods compared to US and mechanistic insights that are also presented and discussed for key reactions.

Synthesis of 4-Selanyl- and 4-Tellanyl-1H-isochromen-1-ones Promoted by Diorganyl Dichalcogenides and Oxone

A new method was developed for the synthesis of 4-chalcogenyl-1H-isochromen-1-ones through the 6-endo-dig electrophilic cyclization of 2-alkynylaryl esters and diorganyl dichalcogenides under ultrasound irradiation. The reactions were performed under mild conditions, using Oxone as a green oxidant to promote the cleavage of the chalcogen-chalcogen bond in diorganyl diselenides and ditellurides to generate electrophilic species in situ. A total of 25 compounds were selectively obtained after 30-70 min, in good to excellent yields (74-95%). This procedure was extended to prepare 5H-selenopheno[3,2-c]isochromen-5-ones. Additionally, for the first time, the 4-chalcogenyl-1H-isochromen-1-ones were used as substrates in the thionation reaction, using Lawesson's reagent and microwave irradiation under solvent-free conditions, obtaining the thio derivatives in yields of up to 99% in only 15 min.

Cu@furfural imine-decorated halloysite as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for promoting ultrasonic-assisted A3and KA2coupling reactions: a combination of experimental and computational study

A novel catalyst was synthesized by functionalization of HNTs with (3-chloropropyl) trimethoxysilan, thiosemicarbazide and furfural and incorporation of copper species.