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Zheng P, Wang R, Peng X, Sun J, Liu H, Li J, Liu C, Jiang L, Liu Q, Zhang Y. Halogen-free and phosphorus-free flame retardants endow epoxy resin with high flame retardancy through crosslinking strategy. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221085170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy resin (EPs) has been widely used in many fields in recent years, such as electronics, adhesives, coatings, and so on, which mainly benefiting from its excellent mechanical and chemical properties, low price and easy preparation. However, conventional EPs tend to be flammable, which significantly prevents their applications especially in high flame-resistance required areas. In this work, we introduce nitrile groups and the benzoxazine ring into the flame-retardant, followed by a simple heat treatment for a multiple cross-linking reaction in EPs. The resultant halogen/phosphorus-free and environmentally friendly network not only suppress the migration of the functional flame retardants from the substrate, but also shows much enhanced flame-retardant property, including the UL-94 rate, total heat release and reduced peak heat release rate. As a result, the thermosets can pass the UL-94 V-0 rate and reach a LOI value at 32.7% at a very low addition amount (10 wt%) of this cross-linked flame retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglun Zheng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Peng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Jichang Sun
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaiyin Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Junwei Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanbang Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Stanfield MK, Carrascal J, Henderson LC, Eyckens DJ. α-Aminophosphonate Derivatives for Enhanced Flame Retardant Properties in Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123230. [PMID: 34208110 PMCID: PMC8230893 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the introduction of various α-aminophosphonate compounds to an epoxy resin system, thereby improving flame retardance properties. The α-aminophosphonate scaffold allows for covalent incorporation (via the secondary amine) of the compounds into the polymer network. This work explores the synergistic effect of phosphorus and halogens (such as fluorine) to improve flame retardancy. The compounds were all prepared and isolated in analytical purity and in good yield (95%). Epoxy samples were prepared, individually incorporating each compound. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increased char yield, indicating an improved thermal resistance (with respect to the control sample). Limiting oxygen index for the control polymer was 28.0% ± 0.31% and it increased to 34.6% ± 0.33% for the fluorinated derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K. Stanfield
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.K.S.); (D.J.E.); Tel.: +61-352-275-767 (M.K.S.); Tel.: +61-395-452-242 (D.J.E.)
| | - Jeronimo Carrascal
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
| | - Daniel J. Eyckens
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.S.); (D.J.E.); Tel.: +61-352-275-767 (M.K.S.); Tel.: +61-395-452-242 (D.J.E.)
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