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Lagonikou M, Tsimpouri E, Gelasakis DE, Denezi E, Gelasakis AI. Prediction of carcass traits in fattening Chios and Serres lambs using real-time ultrasonography and live body weight measurements pre-slaughter. Meat Sci 2024; 208:109396. [PMID: 38039633 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the capability of predicting carcass traits and meat cuts weights, in fattening lambs of indigenous Greek dairy sheep breeds, using ultrasound measurements and live body weight measurements pre-slaughter. A total of 187 lambs of Chios and Serres breeds were involved in the study. Body condition score, live body weight (LBW), and ultrasound measurements of Longissimus lumborum muscle depth (LMD) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) at the lumbar region were recorded pre-slaughter. After slaughter, the carcasses were classified using five-degree grading systems for muscle development and fat deposition, while hot (HCW) and cold carcass (CCW) and meat cuts weights were measured. The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and linear regression models to estimate the fixed effects of sex and the covariances of LBW, BCS, and ultrasound measurements on the studied traits. High R2 values (0.60 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.92) were observed in the models predicting HCW, CCW, forequarter, leg chump on shank off, the short loin, the eye of the short loin, and foreshank weights. Among the models estimated LMD, SFT, and LBW as significant predictors, the ones predicting hot and cold carcass weights, the short loin, the eye of the short loin, and the eye of the rack weights were successfully validated. Other models including BCS, LBW, sex, and either one or none of the ultrasonography measurements as predictors were also validated and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lagonikou
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Tsimpouri
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Athanasios I Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece.
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Van Der Merwe D, Brand T, Steyn S, Hoffman L. Using ultrasound to predict fat deposition in growing lambs of different South African sheep breed types. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marimuthu J, Loudon KM, Gardner G. Prediction of lamb carcase C-site fat depth and GR tissue depth using a non-invasive portable microwave system versus body condition scoring. Meat Sci 2022; 188:108764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Marimuthu J, Loudon KMW, Gardner GE. Prediction of lamb carcase C-site fat depth and GR tissue depth using a non-invasive portable microwave system. Meat Sci 2020; 181:108398. [PMID: 33451872 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The experiment evaluated the ability of portable ultra-wide band microwave coupled with a Vivaldi patch antenna to predict carcase C-site fat and GR tissue depth. For C-site, 1070 lambs, across 8 slaughter groups were scanned and for GR, 286 lambs across 2 slaughter groups. Prediction equations for reflected microwave signals were constructed with a partial least squares regression two-components model and a machine learning Ensemble Stacking technique. Models were trained and validated using cross validation methods in actual datasets and then in datasets balanced for tissue depth. The precision and accuracy indicators of microwave predicted C-site fat depth across pooled and balanced datasets were RMSEP 1.53 mm, R2 0.54, and bias of 0.03 mm. The precision and accuracy for GR tissue depth across pooled and balanced datasets were RMSEP 2.57 mm, R2 0.79 and bias of 0.33 mm. Using the AUS-MEAT fat score accreditation framework this device was able to accurately predict GR 92.7% of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marimuthu
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies project, Meat and Livestock Australia, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - K M W Loudon
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies project, Meat and Livestock Australia, NSW 2060, Australia.
| | - G E Gardner
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies project, Meat and Livestock Australia, NSW 2060, Australia
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Dias LG, Silva SR, Teixeira A. Simultaneously prediction of sheep and goat carcass composition and body fat depots using in vivo ultrasound measurements and live weight. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:180-187. [PMID: 32992129 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study established multiple linear regression models using two ultrasound in vivo measurements (at lumbar and sternal regions, with different real-time ultrasonography machines and probes) and live weight, to predict simultaneously carcass composition and body fat depots of different breeds of sheep and goat. This study is important for the small ruminant industry, considering the feasibility of using the ultrasound methodology in field conditions, as well as an online system of the carcass evaluation. The multiple linear regression models were obtained by selecting the best subset of variables between using the in vivo measurements (raw variables), their second degree and interactions, evaluated in terms of prediction performance using cross-validation "K-folds" and validated by a test group. Overall, high accuracy (adj R2) was obtained from the linear relationship between predicted and experimental values of the group test for each of the nine dependent variables, with values varying between adj R2 0.88 and 0.98.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís G Dias
- CIMO, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253, Portugal
| | - Severiano R Silva
- CECAV, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Portugal
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Precision finishing of South African lambs in feedlots: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2769-2786. [PMID: 32500411 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the intensification of sheep production systems, feedlot finishing plays a fundamental role in preparing lambs for slaughter, as well as relieving the grazing pressure on pasture. The profit margins in feedlot operations are often narrow and require the economics of scale to generate a sufficient income. In order to minimise expenses, intensive management and precision rearing of lambs to an ideal slaughter weight is needed to obtain premium carcass prices. The South African sheep industry is made up of wool, dual-purpose as well as meat type breeds, which also vary in terms of maturity. In order to implement precision finishing of South African lamb, a complete understanding of the growth, intake and fat deposition trends of growing lambs of different breed types is needed. This review outlines feedlot lamb production within the Southern African context for the major commercial breeds, while also providing insight in the considerations necessary to develop a decision support system for lamb rearing. Integrating such a decision support system into a lamb feedlot operation can then be used for precision finishing of lambs by predicting the optimal length of the feeding period and ideal slaughter weights of lambs.
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Abstract
The main goal of this chapter was to review the state of the art in the recent advances in sheep and goat meat products research. Research and innovation have been playing an important role in sheep and goat meat production and meat processing as well as food safety. Special emphasis will be placed on the imaging and spectroscopic methods for predicting body composition, carcass and meat quality. The physicochemical and sensory quality as well as food safety will be referenced to the new sheep and goat meat products. Finally, the future trends in sheep and goat meat products research will be pointed out.
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Silva S. Use of ultrasonographic examination for in vivo evaluation of body composition and for prediction of carcass quality of sheep. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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McGregor B. Relationships between live weight, body condition, dimensional and ultrasound scanning measurements and carcass attributes in adult Angora goats. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Silva S, Afonso J, Guedes C, Gomes M, Santos V, Azevedo J, Dias-da-Silva A. Ewe whole body composition predicted in vivo by real-time ultrasonography and image analysis. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Acoustic energy as a form of physical energy has drawn the interests of both industry and scientific communities for its potential use as a food processing and preservation tool. Currently, most such applications deal with ultrasonic waves with relatively high intensities and acoustic power densities and are performed mostly in liquids. In this review, we briefly discuss the fundamentals of power ultrasound. We then summarize the physical and chemical effects of power ultrasound treatments based on the actions of acoustic cavitation and by looking into several ultrasound-assisted unit operations. Finally, we examine the biological effects of ultrasonication by focusing on its interactions with the miniature biological systems present in foods, i.e., microorganisms and food enzymes, as well as with selected macrobiological components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kentish
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;
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Peres AM, Dias LG, Joy M, Teixeira A. Assessment of goat fat depots using ultrasound technology and multiple multivariate prediction models1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:572-80. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rius-Vilarrasa E, Bünger L, Brotherstone S, Matthews KR, Haresign W, Macfarlane JM, Davies M, Roehe R. Genetic parameters for carcass composition and performance data in crossbred lambs measured by Video Image Analysis. Meat Sci 2008; 81:619-25. [PMID: 20416581 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A total of 7074 crossbred lambs, produced by mating crossbred Mule ewes with terminal sire rams were used in this study. Of these, 630 were scanned using a Video Image Analysis (VIA) to estimate carcass quality traits. Genetic parameters for average daily gain (ADG), scanning live weight (SW), ultrasonic measures of muscle (UMD) and fat (UFD) depths, cold carcass weight (CCW) and VIA measurements of primal carcass joint weights (LEG, CHUMP, LOIN, BREAST and SHOULDER) were estimated using multivariate animal models. Additionally, VIA traits were evaluated under a repeatability model, considering the primal joints as repeated measures of the same trait. Direct heritability estimates were low to moderate (0.08-0.26) for VIA measurements of primal joints. Repeatability estimates for VIA traits were high (>0.90). Moderate to high heritability estimates (0.25-0.55) were found for performance traits (ADG, SW, UMD and UFD) and CCW. Genetic correlations between VIA traits and ADG were strong (0.75-0.93). Most of the VIA traits were highly correlated to SW (0.60-0.97). UFD was significantly negatively correlated with UMD (-0.22), ADG (-0.18) and CCW (-0.18). The results of this study suggest that selection on performance and carcass traits, measured by VIA, could possibly improve primal meat yield of carcass cuts without increasing the overall carcass fatness. High repeatability estimates of VIA traits and moderate heritabilities of the most valuable carcass joints suggests that including VIA information in breeding programs would be useful in order to improve carcass quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rius-Vilarrasa
- Sustainable Livestock Systems Group, Scottish Agricultural College King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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