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Zhou Y, Li G, Han G, Mao S, Yang L, Wang Y. Novel Mechanisms Underlying Rubber Accumulation and Programmed Cell Death in Laticiferous Canals of Decaisnea insignis Fruits: Cytological and Transcriptomic Analyses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3497. [PMID: 37836237 PMCID: PMC10575083 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber is one of the most important industrial raw materials, and its biosynthesis is still a fascinating process that is still largely unknown. In this research, we studied Decaisnea insignis, a unique rubber-producing plant that is different from other rubber-producing species due to the presence of lactiferous canals in its pericarp. The present study aims to provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying rubber accumulation and PCD by subjecting the Decaisnea insignis laticiferous canals to light microscopy, TUNEL assay, and DAPI staining, as well as viability analysis, cellular ultrastructure analysis, and molecular analysis using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence labeling, transmission electron microscopy, and transcriptome sequencing. At the cellular level, the origin of small rubber particles in the laticiferous canals had no morphological correlation with other organelles, and these particles were freely produced in the cytosol. The volume of the rubber particles increased at the sunken and expanding stage, which were identified as having the characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD); meanwhile, plenty of the rubber precursors or rubber particles were engulfed by the vacuoles, indicating a vacuole-mediated autophagy process. The accumulation of rubber particles occurred after the degeneration of protoplasts, suggesting a close association between rubber biosynthesis and PCD. The molecular analysis revealed the expression patterns of key genes involved in rubber biosynthesis. The upstream genes DiIPP, DiFPP, and DiGGPPS showed a decreasing trend during fruit ripening, while DiHRT, which is responsible for rubber particle extension, exhibited the highest expression level during the rubber particle formation. Moreover, the transcription factors related to PCD, DiLSD1, and DiLOL2 showed a negative correlation with the expression pattern of DiHRT, thus exhibiting strict rules of sequential expression during rubber biosynthesis. Additionally, the expression trends of DiXCP1 and DiCEP1, which act as proteases during PCD, were positively correlated with DiGGPPS expression. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the autophagic PCD may play a crucial role in rubber accumulation in D. insignis. Further research is still needed to fully understand the complex regulatory network underlying rubber biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafu Zhou
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Gen Li
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Guijun Han
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Shaoli Mao
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Luyao Yang
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (G.L.); (G.H.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
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Yang X, Jiang Z, He J, Shen L. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Unveils Protein Dynamics in the Root of Solanum melongena L. under Waterlogging Stress Conditions. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1399. [PMID: 37374181 DOI: 10.3390/life13061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging poses significant abiotic stress that endangers the survival of plants, including crops. In response, plants dramatically change their physiology to enhance their tolerance to waterlogging, such as proteome reconfiguration. Here, we utilized isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based protein labeling technique to examine the proteomic changes induced by waterlogging in the roots of Solanum melongena L., a solanaceous plant. The plants were subjected to 6, 12, and 24 h of waterlogging stress at the flowering stage. Of the 4074 identified proteins, compared to the control, the abundance of the proteins increased and decreased in 165 and 78 proteins, respectively, in 6 h of treatments; 219 and 89 proteins, respectively, in 12 h of treatments; and 126 and 127 proteins, respectively, in 24 h of treatments. The majority of these differentially regulated proteins participated in processes such as energy metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, signal transduction, and nitrogen metabolism. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and three alcohol dehydrogenase genes, in particular, were up- or down-regulated in waterlogging-treated Solanum melongena roots, suggesting that some proteins related to anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis and fermentation) may play vital roles in protecting its roots from waterlogging stress to enable long-term survival. Overall, this research not only offers a comprehensive dataset of protein alterations in waterlogged Solanum melongena roots but also insights into the mechanisms by which solanaceous plants adapt to waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie He
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Shen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zhou Y, Li G, Han G, Xun L, Mao S, Yang L, Wang Y. Developmental Programmed Cell Death Involved in Ontogenesis of Dictamnus dasycarpus Capitate Glandular Hairs. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:395. [PMID: 36679107 PMCID: PMC9863949 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant glandular trichomes have received much attention due to their commercial and biological value. Recent studies have focused on the development of various glands in plants, suggesting that programmed cell death (PCD) may play an important role during the development of plant secretory structures. However, the development processes and cytological characteristics in different types of plant secretory structures differed significantly. This study aims to provide new data on the developmental PCD of the capitate glandular hairs in Dictamnus dasycarpus. Light, scanning, immunofluorescence labeling, and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the different developmental processes of the capitate glandular hairs from a cytological perspective. Morphologically, the capitate glandular hair originates from one initial epidermal cell and differentiates into a multicellular trichome characterized by two basal cells, two lines of stalk cells, and a multicellular head. It is also histochemically detected by essential oils. TUNEL-positive reactions identified nuclei with diffused fluorescence or an irregular figure by DAPI, and Evans blue staining showed that the head and stalk cells lost their viability. Ultrastructural evidence revealed the developmental process by two possible modes of PCD. Non-autolytic PCD was characterized by buckling cell walls and degenerated nuclei, mitochondria, plastids, multivesicular body (MVB), and end-expanded endoplasmic reticulum in the condensed cytoplasm, which were mainly observed in the head cells. The MVB was detected in the degraded vacuole, a degraded nucleus with condensed chromatin and diffused membrane, and eventual loss of the vacuole membrane integrity exhibited typical evidence of vacuole-mediated autolytic PCD in the stalk cells. Furthermore, protoplasm degeneration coupled with dark oil droplets and numerous micro-dark osmiophilic substances was observed during late stages. The secretion mode of essential oils is also described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafu Zhou
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Gen Li
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Guijun Han
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Lulu Xun
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Shaoli Mao
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Luyao Yang
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, 17 Cui Hua Nan Road, Xi’an 710061, China
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Zhong Z, Wang X, Yin X, Tian J, Komatsu S. Morphophysiological and Proteomic Responses on Plants of Irradiation with Electromagnetic Waves. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12239. [PMID: 34830127 PMCID: PMC8618018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic energy is the backbone of wireless communication systems, and its progressive use has resulted in impacts on a wide range of biological systems. The consequences of electromagnetic energy absorption on plants are insufficiently addressed. In the agricultural area, electromagnetic-wave irradiation has been used to develop crop varieties, manage insect pests, monitor fertilizer efficiency, and preserve agricultural produce. According to different frequencies and wavelengths, electromagnetic waves are typically divided into eight spectral bands, including audio waves, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. In this review, among these electromagnetic waves, effects of millimeter waves, ultraviolet, and gamma rays on plants are outlined, and their response mechanisms in plants through proteomic approaches are summarized. Furthermore, remarkable advancements of irradiating plants with electromagnetic waves, especially ultraviolet, are addressed, which shed light on future research in the electromagnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoheng Zhong
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Z.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China;
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Z.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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Zhao X, Wang M, Chai J, Li Q, Zhou Y, Li Y, Cai X. De novo assembly and characterization of the transcriptome and development of microsatellite markers in a Chinese endemic Euphorbia kansui. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1788992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi’an, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Jia Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi’an, PR China
| | - Yafu Zhou
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi’an, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi’an, PR China
| | - Xia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
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