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The Quality of Infectious Disease Hospital Websites in Poland in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020642. [PMID: 33451140 PMCID: PMC7828593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The quality of healthcare service websites gains particular importance in the time of the pandemic, asthe popularity of electronic services grows. This applies to infectious disease hospitals as well, often on the front line of the effort against COVID-19. The paper aims to assess the quality of infectious disease hospital websites in Poland in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research covered 91 websites. The first stage was an analysis of selected technical attributes of the websites (including website performance, SEO quality, website availability, and mobile-friendliness) with selected online tools, such as Google PageSpeed Insights, Blink Audit Tool, Backlink Checker, andwebsite accessibility evaluation tool (WAVE). The data were then analyzed with statistical methods. The next step was to analyze the content of the websites. The research has shown that most of the websites were of satisfactory quality, apart from those that were not mobile-ready. The following keywords were found most often on the hospital websites: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, smear, specialist care clinic, isolation, telephone consultations, sample collection center, support, coronavirus, recommendations, patient registration, signs of disease. The research suggests that the quality of infectious disease hospital websites in Poland is significantly diversified in search engine optimization, mobile-friendliness, and needs of people at risk of digital exclusion.
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Bjerkan J, Kane B, Uhrenfeldt L, Veie M, Fossum M. Citizen-Patient Involvement in the Development of mHealth Technology: Protocol for a Systematic Scoping Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e16781. [PMID: 32857061 PMCID: PMC7486674 DOI: 10.2196/16781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development of mobile technology for information retrieval and communication, both at individual and health organizational levels, has been extensive over the last decade. Mobile health (mHealth) technology is rapidly adapting to the health care service contexts to improve treatment, care, and effectiveness in health care services. Objective The overall aim of this scoping review is to explore the role of citizen-patient involvement in the development of mHealth technology in order to inform future interventions. By identifying key characteristics of citizen-patient involvement in system development, we aim to improve digital communication and collaboration between health care providers and citizen-patients, including sharing of health care data. Methods The systematic scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews by searching literature in 3 steps. We will include literature reporting on the public, citizens, and patients participating in the development of mobile technology for health care purposes in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. A preliminary search was completed in MEDLINE and Scopus. The screening process will be conducted by 2 of the authors. Data will be extracted using a data extraction tool prepared for the study. Results The study is expected to identify research gaps that will inform and motivate the development of mHealth technology. The final report is planned for submission to an indexed journal in November 2020. Conclusions To our knowledge, this review will be the first review to provide knowledge about how citizen-patients participate in system developments for mHealth tools and the value that such involvement adds to the system development process. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/16781
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Bjerkan
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Lisbeth Uhrenfeldt
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.,Danish Center of Systematic Review: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Centre of Clinical Guidelines, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marit Veie
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Mariann Fossum
- Centre for Caring Research - Southern Norway, Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
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Mac OA, Thayre A, Tan S, Dodd RH. Web-Based Health Information Following the Renewal of the Cervical Screening Program in Australia: Evaluation of Readability, Understandability, and Credibility. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16701. [PMID: 32442134 PMCID: PMC7381085 DOI: 10.2196/16701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three main changes were implemented in the Australian National Cervical Screening Program (NCSP) in December 2017: an increase in the recommended age to start screening, extended screening intervals, and change from the Papanicolaou (Pap) test to primary human papillomavirus screening (cervical screening test). The internet is a readily accessible source of information to explain the reasons for these changes to the public. It is important that web-based health information about changes to national screening programs is accessible and understandable for the general population. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate Australian web-based resources that provide information about the changes to the cervical screening program. METHODS The term cervical screening was searched in 3 search engines. The first 10 relevant results across the first 3 pages of each search engine were selected. Overall, 2 authors independently evaluated each website for readability (Flesch Reading Ease [FRE], Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook [SMOG] index), quality of information (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool [PEMAT] for printable materials), credibility (Journal of the American Medical Association [JAMA] benchmark criteria and presence of Health on the Net Foundation code of conduct [HONcode] certification), website design, and usability with 5 simulation questions to assess the relevance of information. A descriptive analysis was conducted for the readability measures, PEMAT, and the JAMA benchmark criteria. RESULTS Of the 49 websites identified in the search, 15 were eligible for inclusion. The consumer-focused websites were classed as fairly difficult to read (mean FRE score 51.8, SD 13.3). The highest FRE score (easiest to read) was 70.4 (Cancer Council Australia Cervical Screening Consumer Site), and the lowest FRE score (most difficult to read) was 33.0 (NCSP Clinical Guidelines). A total of 9 consumer-focused websites and 4 health care provider-focused websites met the recommended threshold (sixth to eighth grade; SMOG index) for readability. The mean PEMAT understandability scores were 87.7% (SD 6.0%) for consumer-focused websites and 64.9% (SD 13.8%) for health care provider-focused websites. The mean actionability scores were 58.1% (SD 19.1%) for consumer-focused websites and 36.7% (SD 11.0%) for health care provider-focused websites. Moreover, 9 consumer-focused and 3 health care provider-focused websites scored above 70% for understandability, and 2 consumer-focused websites had an actionability score above 70%. A total of 3 websites met all 4 of the JAMA benchmark criteria, and 2 websites displayed the HONcode. CONCLUSIONS It is important for women to have access to information that is at an appropriate reading level to better understand the implications of the changes to the cervical screening program. These findings can help health care providers direct their patients toward websites that provide information on cervical screening that is written at accessible reading levels and has high understandability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Mac
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy Thayre
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shumei Tan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachael H Dodd
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Health Information-seeking Behaviors and Preferences of a Diverse, Multilingual Urban Cohort. Med Care 2020; 57 Suppl 6 Suppl 2:S176-S183. [PMID: 31095058 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order to address health disparities, it is important to understand how vulnerable individuals seek information. This study used an adapted version of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) administered in English, Spanish, and Chinese to describe the behaviors and preferences of a diverse group of vulnerable urban residents. METHODS We administered a modified HINTS survey in English, Spanish, and Chinese and used purposive sampling to ensure 50% were non-English speakers evenly divided between Spanish and Chinese speakers, and 50% of English-speakers identified as Black. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine characteristics associated with sources used for health information and preferences for delivery of health information. RESULTS Among 1027survey respondents (514 English, 256 Spanish, 260 Chinese), 55% had adequate health literacy, and 50% reported household income <$20,000, but 77% reported owning a smartphone. A plurality sought health information on the Internet (39%) or from a health care provider (36%). In multivariable analyses, smartphone ownership predicted higher odds of seeking health information on the Internet [odds ratio, (OR) 2.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.81-4.91]. Participants most preferred email (41%) and brochures (40%) for delivery of health information, but non-English survey respondents were less likely to prefer email: Spanish (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11-0.83) and Chinese (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71). Smartphone ownership predicted an email preference (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.43-3.36). CONCLUSIONS Among vulnerable populations, smartphone ownership and language preferences impact preferences for seeking and receiving health information. These preferences need to be considered in designing health messages.
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Khoong EC, Rivadeneira NA, Hiatt RA, Sarkar U. The Use of Technology for Communicating With Clinicians or Seeking Health Information in a Multilingual Urban Cohort: Cross-Sectional Survey. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16951. [PMID: 32250280 PMCID: PMC7171563 DOI: 10.2196/16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Technology is being increasingly used to communicate health information, but there is limited knowledge on whether these strategies are effective for vulnerable populations, including non–English speaking or low-income individuals. Objective This study assessed how language preferences (eg, English, Spanish, or Chinese), smartphone ownership, and the type of clinic for usual source of care (eg, no usual source of care, nonintegrated safety net, integrated safety net, private or community clinic, academic tertiary medical center, or integrated payer-provider) affect technology use for health-related communication. Methods From May to September 2017, we administered a nonrandom, targeted survey to 1027 English-, Spanish-, and Chinese-speaking San Francisco residents and used weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses to assess predictors of five technology use outcomes. The three primary predictors of interest—language preference, smartphone ownership, and type of clinic for usual care—were adjusted for age, gender, race or ethnicity, limited English proficiency, educational attainment, health literacy, and health status. Three outcomes focused on use of email, SMS text message, or phone apps to communicate with clinicians. The two other outcomes were use of Web-based health videos or online health support groups. Results Nearly one-third of participants watched Web-based health videos (367/1027, 35.74%) or used emails to communicate with their clinician (318/1027, 30.96%). In adjusted analyses, individuals without smartphones had significantly lower odds of texting their clinician (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.27, 95% CI 0.13-0.56), using online health support groups (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04-0.55), or watching Web-based health videos (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15-0.64). Relative to English-speaking survey respondents, individuals who preferred Chinese had lower odds of texting their clinician (aOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.79), whereas Spanish-speaking survey respondents had lower odds of using apps to communicate with clinicians (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.16-0.75) or joining an online support group (aOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10-0.92). Respondents who received care from a clinic affiliated with the integrated safety net, academic tertiary medical center, or integrated payer-provider systems had higher odds than individuals without a usual source of care at using emails, SMS text messages, or apps to communicate with clinicians. Conclusions In vulnerable populations, smartphone ownership increases the use of many forms of technology for health purposes, but device ownership itself is not sufficient to increase the use of all technologies for communicating with clinicians. Language preference impacts the use of technology for health purposes even after considering English proficiency. Health system factors impact patients’ use of technology-enabled approaches for communicating with clinicians. No single factor was associated with higher odds of using technology for all health purposes; therefore, existing disparities in the use of digital health tools among diverse and vulnerable populations can only be addressed using a multipronged approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Khoong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Center for Vulnerable Populations, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Natalie A Rivadeneira
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Center for Vulnerable Populations, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robert A Hiatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Hellen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Urmimala Sarkar
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Center for Vulnerable Populations, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Okan Y, Smith SG, Bruine de Bruin W. How is cervical cancer screening information communicated in UK websites? Cross-sectional analysis of content and quantitative presentation formats. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029551. [PMID: 31662361 PMCID: PMC6830680 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether UK websites about cervical cancer screening targeted to the public include (1) information about benefits and risks of screening, possible screening results and cervical cancer statistics, (2) quantitative presentation formats recommended in the risk communication literature and (3) appeals for participation and/or informed decision-making. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of websites using a comprehensive checklist of information items on screening benefits, risks, possible results and cervical cancer statistics. OUTCOME MEASURES We recorded the number of websites that contained each of the information items, and the presentation format used for probabilistic information (no quantification provided, verbal quantifiers only, different types of numerical formats and/or graphs). We also recorded the number of websites containing appeals for participation and/or informed decision-making. SETTING Websites were identified through the most common Google search terms used in the UK to find information on cervical screening, according to GoogleTrends and a commercial internet-monitoring programme. Two additional websites were identified by the authors as relevant. RESULTS After applying exclusion criteria, 14 websites were evaluated, including websites of public and private health service providers, charities, a medical society and a pharmacy. The websites mentioned different benefits, risks of screening and possible results. However, specific content varied between websites. Probabilistic information was often presented using non-recommended formats, including relative risk reductions to express screening benefits, and verbal quantifiers without numbers to express risks. Appeals for participation were present in most websites, with almost half also mentioning informed decision-making. CONCLUSIONS UK websites about cervical cancer screening were generally balanced. However, benefits and risks were presented using different formats, potentially hindering comparisons. Additionally, recommendations from the literature to facilitate understanding of quantitative information and facilitate informed decisions were often not followed. Designing websites that adhere to existing recommendations may support informed screening uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Okan
- Centre for Decision Research, Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Samuel G Smith
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Wändi Bruine de Bruin
- Centre for Decision Research, Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ali EE, Chan SSL, Poh HY, Susanto YA, Suganya T, Leow JL, Pang CK, Chew L, Yap KYL. Design Considerations in the Development of App-Based Oral Anticancer Medication Management Systems: a Qualitative Evaluation of Pharmacists' and Patients' Perspectives. J Med Syst 2019; 43:63. [PMID: 30726518 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone apps can potentially help in enhancing oral anticancer medication (OAM) adherence. Patient adoption and efficacy of such apps depends on inclusion of user-centred and evidence-based features. The objective of this study was to identify important design considerations from the perspectives of patients taking OAMs, caregivers and oncology pharmacists. The study employed a qualitative study design. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with patients (n = 15), caregivers (n = 3) and pharmacists (n = 16). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and inductive thematic analysis approach was used in data analysis. Monitoring medication-related problems, medication information, replacement of or integration with current systems and accessibility of app content on devices other than smartphones were the key themes identified in the analysis. Flexible input methods for monitored data, glanceability of monitored reports/information, near real-time adherence enhancing and symptom management interventions and customisable reminder options were design considerations identified under the monitoring medication-related problems theme. Participants suggested the provision of focused and easily understandable medication information with a potential for personalisation. Integration of app-based adherence systems with patients' electronic medical records with added mechanisms for alerts in the dispensing system was also suggested as a key design requirement to improve quality of patient care and facilitate adoption by clinicians. Finally, smartphones were the most favoured platform with optional accessibility of app content on other devices. In conclusion, important design considerations were identified through a user-centred design approach. The findings will help developers and clinicians in the design of new app-based systems and evaluation of existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskinder Eshetu Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Sharlene Si Ling Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Huan Yu Poh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E4, Level 5, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yosua Amadeus Susanto
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E4, Level 5, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Thendral Suganya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jo Lene Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Chee Khiang Pang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E4, Level 5, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore, 138683, Singapore
| | - Lita Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Kevin Yi-Lwern Yap
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia.
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Dexter B, King R, Harrison SL, Parisi AV, Downs NJ. A Pilot Observational Study of Environmental Summertime Health Risk Behavior in Central Brisbane, Queensland: Opportunities to Raise Sun Protection Awareness in Australia's Sunshine State. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:650-655. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dexter
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD Australia
| | - Rachel King
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD Australia
| | - Simone L. Harrison
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
| | - Alfio V. Parisi
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD Australia
| | - Nathan J. Downs
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
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Kim R, Kim HJ, Jeon B. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Medical Information on the Internet. Mov Disord 2018; 33:754-757. [PMID: 29436748 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryul Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Aerospace Medical Center, Republic of Korea Air Force, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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