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Amir Afzali Y, Naderloo R, Keikhosravi A, Klaus S. Phylogeography of the freshwater crab Potamon persicum (Decapoda: Potamidae): an ancestral ring species? J Hered 2024; 115:277-291. [PMID: 38501510 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The Zagros Mountains, characterized by complex topography and three large drainage systems, harbor the endemic freshwater crab Potamon persicum in Iran. Our study delves into the evolutionary history of P. persicum, utilizing two mitochondrial and one nuclear marker. We collected 214 specimens from 24 localities, identifying 21 haplotypes grouped into two major evolutionary lineages. Substantial differentiation exists between drainage systems and lineages. Historical demographic analysis revealed a significant decrease in population size during the late Holocene, accompanied by a recent population bottleneck. Species distribution modeling has revealed eastward shifts in suitable habitats between the last glacial maximum and the present day. Following the last glacial maximum, habitat fragmentation occurred, resulting in the establishment of small populations. These smaller populations are more vulnerable to climatic and geological events, thereby limiting gene flow and accelerating genetic differentiation within species. Historical biogeographic analysis traced the origin of P. persicum to the western Zagros Mountains, with major genetic divergence occurring during the Pleistocene. Our genetic analyses suggest that P. persicum may have shown a genetic pattern similar to a classical ring species before the Pleistocene. The Namak Lake sub-basin could have served as a contact zone where populations did not interbreed but were connected through gene flow in a geographic ring. Currently, genetic separation is evident between basins, indicating that P. persicum in the Zagros Mountains is not a contemporary ring species. Also, our biogeographical analysis estimated that range evolution may have been driven initially by dispersal, and only during the late Pleistocene by vicariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Amir Afzali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Reza Naderloo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Alireza Keikhosravi
- Department of Biology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
| | - Sebastian Klaus
- Environmental Resources Management, Managing Consultant, ERM GmbH, Siemensstr. 9, Neu-Isenburg 63263, Germany
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Daniels SR, Peer N, Myburgh AM, Barnes A, Klaus S. Let's get high: Cladogenesis in freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Potamonautidae: Potamonautes) supports the mountain gradient speciation hypothesis in the Cape Fold and Drakensberg Mountains, South Africa. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10960. [PMID: 38450318 PMCID: PMC10915499 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
During the present study, the evolutionary relationship within a clade of mountain clade of freshwater crabs (Potamonautes) was examined using mtDNA sequence data for species from the Cape Fold Mountain (CFM) and Great Escarpment (Drakensberg Mountain range). We undertook phylogenetic analyses, divergence time estimation, and an ancestral area reconstruction to explore the period of cladogenesis and understand the biogeographic history in this high-altitude clade. Furthermore, we applied four species delimitation methods using ASAP, bPTP, bGMYC, and STACEY on the latter clade. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses retrieved a monophyletic freshwater crab clade comprised of two major sister clades, one comprised of the Cape Fold (clade A) and two comprised of Drakensberg Mountains (clade B) species. Divergence time estimation indicated that the two clades underwent Mio/Pliocene cladogenesis. Within the CFM clade (A), P. amathole (Amathola Mountains) was sister to P. parvispina (Cederberg and Kouebokkeveld Mountains) and the latter species were sister to P. parvicorpus (Cape Peninsula, Jonkershoek, and Helderberg Mountains) sister to P. tuerkayi (Overberg Mountains) and P. brincki (Hottentots Holland Mountains). Within the Drakensberg Mountain clade (B), we observed in situ diversification. Specimens from the southcentral Drakensberg Mountains (Dargle Forest, Injasuti, Karkloof, and Impendle) represent a new undescribed lineage Potamonautes sp. nov. 1. The second clade from the northern Drakensberg, representing P. clarus, was sister to a central Drakensberg Mountain clade that comprised P. depressus that was in turn sister to P. baziya from the Eastern Cape Province. The application of species delimitation methods generally overestimated the number of species. The biogeographic analyses indicated that the Eastern Cape Province is the most likely ancestral range area. Ecological niche modelling of representative species in clades A (Cape Fold Mountains) and B (Drakensberg Mountains) demonstrated that temperature and rainfall were the major abiotic drivers that differentiated the two clades. Our data favours the mountain gradient speciation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savel R. Daniels
- Department of Botany and ZoologyUniversity of StellenboschStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Nasreen Peer
- Department of Botany and ZoologyUniversity of StellenboschStellenboschSouth Africa
| | | | - Aaron Barnes
- Department of Botany and ZoologyUniversity of StellenboschStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Sebastian Klaus
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionJ. W. Goethe‐University, BiologicumFrankfurt am MainGermany
- ERM GmbHNeu‐IsenburgGermany
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Peer N, Gouws G, Maliwa L, Barker N, Juby P, Perissinotto R. Description of a new montane freshwater crab (Arthropoda, Malacostraca, Decapoda, Potamonautidae) from the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Zookeys 2023; 1160:89-108. [PMID: 37187461 PMCID: PMC10176098 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1160.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A new species of freshwater crab, Potamonautesamatholesp. nov., is described from the Winterberg-Amathole mountain range in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Morphologically, P.amathole Peer & Gouws, sp. nov. most closely resembles P.tuerkayi but can be distinguished by key morphological characters including the variation in the shape of the subterminal segment of gonopod 2 between both species. Genetically, P.amathole Peer & Gouws, sp. nov. is placed within the clade of small-bodied, mountain-dwelling crabs including P.parvispina, P.parvicorpus, P.brincki, P.tuerkayi, P.baziya, and P.depressus. The new species is found in slow-moving mountain streams and pools at high altitudes. The continued discovery and description of new freshwater crab species reinforces the need for ongoing research, especially in under-sampled regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Peer
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch, 7600, South AfricaStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Gavin Gouws
- National Research Foundation – South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South AfricaNational Research Foundation – South African Institute for Aquatic BiodiversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
| | - Lazola Maliwa
- Albany Museum, 40 Somerset Street, Grahamstown, 6139, South AfricaAlbany MuseumGrahamstownSouth Africa
| | - Nigel Barker
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South AfricaUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Paul Juby
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South AfricaUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Renzo Perissinotto
- Institute for Coastal & Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6031, South AfricaNelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa
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Daniels SR, Busschau T, Gullacksen G, Marais H, Gouws G, Barnes A. Cryptic and widespread: a recipe for taxonomic misidentification in a freshwater crab species (Decapoda: Potamonautidae: Potamonautes sidneyi) as evident from species delimitation methods. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWe examined the systematics of a ubiquitously distributed southern African freshwater crab, Potamonautes sidneyi s.l. species complex. Specimens were subjected to DNA sequence analyses of two mitochondrial loci (16S rRNA + COI). We applied three species delimitations methods (ASAP, bGMYC and bPTP) to test their utility in delineating species boundaries in Potamonautes and three additional Afrotropical genera (Liberonautes, Nesonautes and Seychellum). The combined mtDNA dataset retrieved five clades. Clade 1 comprised of P. barbarai, clade 2 comprised of specimens from the interior of the Great Karoo Basin, sister to P. sidneyi s.s. in clade 3. Clade 4 was confined to Eswatini and the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa, and sister to clade 5 that comprised P. danielsi. The three species delimitation methods either over- or underestimated the number of species. Phylogenetically, specimens from the Great Karoo Basin (clade 2) were equidistant to P. sidneyi s.s. and P. perlatus, while the Eswatini and Mpumalanga specimens (clade 4) were sister to P. danielsi. Clades 2 and 4 are herein described as P. karooensis sp. nov. and P. valles sp. nov., respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savel R Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch , Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 , South Africa
| | - Theo Busschau
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch , Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 , South Africa
| | | | - Hannes Marais
- Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency, Aquatic Unit , Lydenburg, 1120 , South Africa
| | - Gavin Gouws
- National Research Foundation - South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity , Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140 , South Africa
| | - Aaron Barnes
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch , Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 , South Africa
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Cumberlidge FLS N, Daniels SR. A new multilocus phylogeny reveals overlooked diversity in African freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamoidea): a major revision with new higher taxa and genera. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The taxonomy of 185 species of Afrotropical freshwater crabs is revised to conform to the updated phylogenetic relationships within this large assemblage, based on the largest taxonomic sampling to date (that includes almost all genera and 57% of the species). Four DNA loci were sequenced including three mitochondrial loci (COI, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA) and one nuclear locus (histone 3), and evolutionary relationships were estimated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The divergence times of the major clades were estimated with a Yule tree prior and an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed molecular clock. The taxonomic acts proposed here include the recognition of two Afrotropical families of freshwater crabs (Potamonautidae and Deckeniidae) each with two subfamilies. In the revised Potamonautidae, three new tribes and three new genera (Maritimonautes gen. nov., Nesonautes gen. nov., Occidensonautes gen. nov.), are established, three previously published genera are revised and four subgenera are raised to genus (Arcopotamonautes, Lirrangopotamonautes, Longipotamonautes, Rotundopotamonautes). An updated species list and identification keys for the new taxa, revised distribution maps, digital images and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Savel R Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
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Wei Z, Xia Z, Shu J, Shang H, Maxwell SJ, Chen L, Zhou X, Xi W, Adjie B, Yuan Q, Cao J, Yan Y. Phylogeny and Taxonomy on Cryptic Species of Forked Ferns of Asia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748562. [PMID: 34975938 PMCID: PMC8718997 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cryptic species comprise two or more taxa that are grounded under a single name because they are more-or-less indistinguishable morphologically. These species are potentially important for detailed assessments of biodiversity, but there now appear to be many more cryptic species than previously estimated. One taxonomic group likely to contain many cryptic species is Dicranopteris, a genus of forked ferns that occurs commonly along roadsides in Asia. The genus has a complex taxonomical history, and D. linearis has been particularly challenging with many intra-specific taxa dubiously erected to accommodate morphological variation that lacks clear discontinuities. To resolve species boundaries within Dicranopteris, we applied a molecular phylogenetic approach as complementary to morphology. Specifically, we used five chloroplast gene regions (rbcL, atpB, rps4, matK, and trnL-trnF) to generate a well-resolved phylogeny based on 37 samples representing 13 taxa of Dicranopteris, spanning the major distributional area in Asia. The results showed that Dicranopteris consists of ten highly supported clades, and D. linearis is polyphyletic, suggesting cryptic diversity within the species. Further through morphological comparison, we certainly erected Dicranopteris austrosinensis Y.H. Yan & Z.Y. Wei sp. nov. and Dicranopteris baliensis Y.H. Yan & Z.Y. Wei sp. nov. as distinct species and proposed five new combinations. We also inferred that the extant diversity of the genus Dicranopteris may result from relatively recent diversification in the Miocene based on divergence time dating. Overall, our study not only provided additional insights on the Gleicheniaceae tree of life, but also served as a case of integrating molecular and morphological approaches to elucidate cryptic diversity in taxonomically difficult groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoying Wei
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengqiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangping Shu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Shang
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen J. Maxwell
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Lijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xile Zhou
- Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Forest Resources Monitoring Center, Jishou, China
| | - Wang Xi
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Bayu Adjie
- Research Center for Plants Conservation and Botanic Gardens, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Quan Yuan
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Yan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
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Botham JL, Haddad CR, Gryzenhout M, Swart VR, Bredenhand E. High genetic diversity of spider species in a mosaic montane grassland landscape. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234437. [PMID: 32511281 PMCID: PMC7279597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow and genetic variation were examined within and among populations of five of the most common spider species in shrublands of the mountainous Golden Gate Highlands National Park (GGHNP), South Africa. These species included three active hunters, Dendryphantes purcelli Peckham & Peckham, 1903 (Salticidae), Pherecydes tuberculatus O.P.-Cambridge, 1883 (Thomisidae) and Philodromus browningi Lawrence, 1952 (Philodromidae), and two web-builders, Neoscona subfusca (C.L. Koch, 1837) (Araneidae) and a Theridion Walckenaer, 1802 species (Theridiidae). A total of 249 spiders (57 D. purcelli, 69 N. subfusca, 34 P. browningi, 56 P. tuberculatus and 33 Theridion sp.) were collected and analysed from six shrubland localities in the park. Analyses of sequence variation of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) gene for each species revealed relatively low nucleotide diversity (π < 0.0420) but high genetic diversity (Hd > 0.6500) within populations for all species, except P. tuberculatus. Genetic differentiation was also noted to differ between species, with only P. tuberculatus indicating very large divergence (Fst > 0.2500). These results were reflected by gene flow, with D. purcelli, N. subfusca and the Theridion sp. estimated as experiencing more than one disperser per generation. Overall, highest gene flow was found in the two web-building species, indicating possible high dispersal ability of these spiders in the GGHNP. Additionally, constructed phylogenies indicated possible cryptic speciation occurring in the majority of the investigated species. Our current results indicate that the five investigated spider species were able to maintain gene flow between shrubland populations within the GGHNP to some degree, despite the mountainous landscape. However, further analyses incorporating additional molecular markers are needed to properly determine the extent of genetic diversity and gene flow of these species within the GGHNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. Botham
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles R. Haddad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Marieka Gryzenhout
- Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Vaughn R. Swart
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Emile Bredenhand
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, Free State, South Africa
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Timberlake J, Ballings P, Vidal Jr JDD, Wursten B, Hyde M, Mapaura A, Childes S, Palgrave MC, Clark VR. Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (Zimbabwe-Mozambique). PHYTOKEYS 2020; 145:93-129. [PMID: 32327928 PMCID: PMC7165193 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first comprehensive plant checklist for the Bvumba massif, situated in the Manica Highlands along the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border, is presented. Although covering only 276 km2, the flora is rich with 1250 taxa (1127 native taxa and 123 naturalised introductions). There is a high proportion of Orchidaceae and Pteridophyta, with both groups showing a higher richness than for adjacent montane areas, which may be due to the massif's relatively high moisture levels as a result of frequent cloud cover. However, in contrast to other mesic montane regions in southern Africa, there are relatively few near-endemic or range-restricted taxa: there is only one local endemic, Aeranthes africana, an epiphytic forest orchid. This is likely to be an effect of the massif having limited natural grassland compared to forest, the former being the most endemic-rich habitat in southern African mountains outside of the Fynbos Biome. Six other near-endemic taxa with limited distribution in this portion of the Manica Highlands are highlighted. The high number of invasive species is probably a result of diverse human activities in the area. The main species of concern are Acacia melanoxylon, a tree that is invading grassland and previously cultivated land, the forest herb Hedychium gardnerianum which in places is transforming forest understorey with an adverse effect on some forest birds, and the woody herb Vernonanthura polyanthes which invades cleared forest areas after fire. Future botanical work in the massif should focus on a more detailed exploration of the poorly known Serra Vumba on the Mozambican side and on the drier western slopes. This will allow for a more detailed analysis of patterns of endemism across the Manica Highlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Timberlake
- Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, 30 Warren Lane, East Dean, E. Sussex, BN20 0EW, UKBiodiversity Foundation for AfricaEast DeanUnited Kingdom
| | - Petra Ballings
- Flora of Zimbabwe & Flora of Mozambique projects, 29 Harry Pichanick Drive, Alexandra Park, Harare, ZimbabweFlora of Zimbabwe & Flora of MozambiqueHarareZimbabwe
- Meise Botanic Garden, Bouchout Domain, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, BelgiumMeise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
| | - João de Deus Vidal Jr
- Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South AfricaUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa
| | - Bart Wursten
- Flora of Zimbabwe & Flora of Mozambique projects, 29 Harry Pichanick Drive, Alexandra Park, Harare, ZimbabweFlora of Zimbabwe & Flora of MozambiqueHarareZimbabwe
| | - Mark Hyde
- Flora of Zimbabwe & Flora of Mozambique projects, 29 Harry Pichanick Drive, Alexandra Park, Harare, ZimbabweFlora of Zimbabwe & Flora of MozambiqueHarareZimbabwe
| | - Anthony Mapaura
- Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South AfricaUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa
- National Herbarium of Zimbabwe, Box A889, Avondale, Harare, ZimbabweNational Herbarium of ZimbabweHarareZimbabwe
| | - Susan Childes
- Box BW53 Borrowdale, Harare, ZimbabweUnaffiliatedHarareZimbabwe
| | - Meg Coates Palgrave
- Flora of Zimbabwe & Flora of Mozambique projects, 29 Harry Pichanick Drive, Alexandra Park, Harare, ZimbabweFlora of Zimbabwe & Flora of MozambiqueHarareZimbabwe
| | - Vincent Ralph Clark
- Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South AfricaUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa
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Ito Y, Tanaka N, Barfod AS, Bogner J, Li J, Yano O, Gale SW. Molecular phylogenetic species delimitation in the aquatic genus Ottelia (Hydrocharitaceae) reveals cryptic diversity within a widespread species. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:335-344. [PMID: 30993554 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ottelia, a pantropical genus of aquatic plants belonging to the family Hydrocharitaceae, includes several narrowly distributed taxa in Asia. Although the Asian species have received comparatively more research attention than congeners in other areas, various key taxonomic questions remain unaddressed, especially with regards to apparent cryptic diversity within O. alismoides, a widespread species complex native to Asia, northern Australia and tropical Africa. Here we test taxonomic concepts and evaluate species boundaries using a phylogenetic framework. We sampled five of the seven species of Ottelia in Asia as well as each species endemic to Africa and Australia; multiple samples of O. alismoides were obtained from across Asia. Phylogenetic trees based on five plastid DNA markers and the nuclear ITS region shared almost identical topologies. A Bayesian coalescent method of species delimitation using the multi-locus data set discerned one species in Africa, one in Australia and four in Asia with the highest probability. The results lead us to infer that a population sampled in Thailand represents a hitherto unrecognised cryptic taxon within the widespread species complex, although the apparent lack of unambiguous diagnostic characters currently precludes formal description. Conversely, no molecular evidence for distinguishing O. cordata and O. emersa was obtained, and so the latter is synonymised under the former. Two accessions that exhibit inconsistent positions among our phylogenetic trees may represent cases of chloroplast capture, however incomplete lineage sorting or polyploidy are alternative hypotheses that ought to be tested using other molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ito
- Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group, Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, People's Republic of China.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Norio Tanaka
- Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Anders S Barfod
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Josef Bogner
- , Augsburger Str. 43a, 86368, Gersthofen, Germany
| | - Jie Li
- Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group, Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Okihito Yano
- Faculty of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Stephan W Gale
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wood LE, de Grave S, Daniels SR. A comparative evolutionary study reveals radically different scales of genetic structuring within two atyid shrimp species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa E Wood
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Sammy de Grave
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Savel R Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa
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11
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Daniels SR, Klaus S. Divergent evolutionary origins and biogeographic histories of two freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamonautes) on the West African conveyer belt islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:119-128. [PMID: 29772349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined the colonization history and phylogeographic structure of the two endemic freshwater crab species (Potamonautes margaritarius and P. principe) inhabiting the volcanic islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, respectively, using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. All samples were sequenced for the mtDNA COI locus and used in the phylogeographic analyses, while a single specimen per lineage was sequenced for the two remaining loci (16S rRNA and histone 3) and used in the phylogenetic reconstruction. Phylogenetic results reveal that P. principe diverged early within a clade of East/Southern African Potamonautes during the Miocene, while P. margaritarius diverged between the Late Eocene to Early Miocene. Furthermore, the two species are not sister taxa and are distantly related. These results corroborate previously hypothesised independent transoceanic dispersal events that resulted in the establishment of the endemic freshwater crab fauna of the two islands. Within P. margaritarius, we observed two reciprocally monophyletic clades on São Tomé Island. Clade one occurred in the southeast and southwest of the island, while clade two occurred in the northeast and the northwest; the divergence between the latter two clades was estimated to be of Pleistocene age. The two clades within P. margartarius are genetically highly structured and characterised by the absence of shared maternal haplotypes, suggesting possible speciation within P. margartarius. In contrast P. principe exhibits a shallow population genetic structure. Possible mechanisms of colonization and cladogenesis in the two freshwater crabs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savel R Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Private Bag X1, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Sebastian Klaus
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, J.W. Goethe-University, Biologicum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Zimmermann BL, Crivellaro MS, Hauschild CB, Bartholomei-Santos ML, Crandall KA, Pérez-Losada M, Giri F, Collins P, Santos S. Phylogeography reveals unexpectedly low genetic diversity in a widely distributed species: the case of the freshwater crab Aegla platensis (Decapoda: Anomura). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L Zimmermann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Crivellaro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline B Hauschild
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marlise L Bartholomei-Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Federico Giri
- Laboratorio de Macrocrustáceos, Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo Collins
- Laboratorio de Macrocrustáceos, Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sandro Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Peer N, Gouws G, Lazo-Wasem E, Perissinotto R, Miranda NAF. Redescription of Potamonautes sidneyi (Rathbun, 1904) (Decapoda, Potamonautidae) and description of a new congeneric species from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Zookeys 2017:1-28. [PMID: 28331406 PMCID: PMC5345367 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.657.11623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of freshwater crab, Potamonautes danielsisp. n., is described from the southern region of the KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Potamonautes danielsi most closely resembles Potamonautes sidneyi which is re-described here, but can be distinguished by a suite of key morphological characters including carapace shape and width, slim pereopods, inflated propodi of the chelipeds, and the shape and terminal segment length:subterminal segment length ratio of the 1st gonopod. In a previous study (Gouws et al. 2015), a 9.2-11.8 % divergence was found in the mitochondrial COI and 16S genes of the Potamonautes sidneyi clade, allowing for the delineation of a new species. Despite the clear molecular distinction between the two species, it is difficult to separate them based on individual morphological characters, as there is a great deal of overlap even among key features. The new species is found in slow-moving mountain streams and pools at high altitudes between Umhlanga and Mtamvuna, in KwaZulu-Natal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Peer
- DST/NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Gavin Gouws
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Eric Lazo-Wasem
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, PO Box 208118, New Haven, CT 06520-8118, USA
| | - Renzo Perissinotto
- DST/NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Nelson A F Miranda
- DST/NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
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Wood LE, Daniels SR. Genetic and morphological evidence for a new mountain-living freshwater crab species (Decapoda : Potamonautidae : Potamonautes) from the Western Cape province of South Africa. INVERTEBR SYST 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/is15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in southern Africa have revealed a wealth of novel freshwater crab species in high mountainous regions. In the present study, phylogeographic affinities between two sister mountain-living freshwater crab species (Potamonautes brincki and P. parvicorpus) were examined for novel lineages. Seventy-six crab specimens were collected throughout the Western Cape Province of South Africa and sequenced for the COI locus. Evolutionary relationships were analysed using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony, a haplotype network and analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA). Results revealed three divergent clades. Clade A comprised specimens of P. brincki restricted to the Hottentots Holland; sister to which was Clade B from the Overberg, while Clade C comprised specimens of P. parvicorpus from the Cape Peninsula and adjacent interior. Haplotype networks and AMOVA provide evidence for the absence of gene flow whilst morphology of the male gonopods and the mandibular palp revealed subtle but consistent differences between the three clades. Since Clades A and C represent two described species, P. brincki and P. parvicorpus, respectively, Clade B is herein described as a new species, P. tuerkayi, sp. nov. These results highlight the importance of continued sampling of mountain habitats to document aquatic invertebrate diversity.
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