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Shih HT, Naruse T, Schubart CD. Molecular evidence and differences in gonopod morphology lead to the recognition of a new species of the freshwater crab genus Candidiopotamon Bott, 1967 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Potamidae) from eastern Taiwan. Zookeys 2023; 1179:169-196. [PMID: 37731535 PMCID: PMC10507446 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1179.106718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A new freshwater crab of the potamid genus Candidiopotamon Bott, 1967, is described from eastern Taiwan. Candidiopotamonpenglai sp. nov. is morphologically similar to C.rathbuni (De Man, 1914) from western Taiwan, but can be distinguished by the morphology of the male first gonopod (G1), as well as by their mitochondrial DNA (16S rRNA and COI genes). In the G1 of C.rathbuni, the subterminal segment shows a cline from robust in northern populations to slender in southern populations. In the G1 of C.penglaisp. nov., a distinctly larger and more distally directed keel-like projection is found on the distal inner edge of the terminal segment, with northern populations having an inward-curving subterminal segment and southern populations a straight subterminal segment. The genetic differentiation of the two species of Candidiopotamon within Taiwan is discussed, and morphological differences are compared. A key to the species of Candidiopotamon is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Te Shih
- Department of Life Science and Global Change Biology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, TaiwanNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Tohru Naruse
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Iriomote Station, University of the Ryukyus, 870 Uehara, Taketomi, Okinawa 907-1541, JapanUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Christoph D. Schubart
- Zoology & Evolution, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, GermanyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
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Ting SY, Lau NS, Sam KK, Janaranjani M, Wong SC, Monroig Ó, Quah ESH, Ahmad AB, Him NAIIN, Jaya-Ram A, Shu-Chien AC. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in a land-crab with advanced terrestrial adaptations: Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two fatty acyl elongases. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110773. [PMID: 35718326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the presence and activities of the front-end fatty acyl desaturases and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) enzymes, animals have different capacities for long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis. Successful land colonisation in brachyuran crabs requires a shift towards terrestrial food chain with limited LC-PUFA availability. We cloned and functionally characterised two elovl genes from the purple land crab Gecarcoidea lalandii. The two Elovl contained all the necessary motifs of a typical polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Elovl and phylogenetically clustered in the Elovl1 and Elovl6 clades, respectively. The G. lalandii Elovl1 elongated saturated fatty acids, with low activities towards C20 and C22 PUFA substrates. Moreover, the G. lalandii Elovl6 was particularly active in the elongation of C18 PUFA, although it also recognised monounsaturated fatty acids as substrates for elongation. Collectively, the herein characterised G. lalandii elovl paralogues fulfil all the elongation steps involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways. Tissue distribution of the G. lalandii elovl genes, along with the FA composition analyses, suggest the hepatopancreas and gill as key metabolic sites for fatty acid elongation. However, current data suggest that G. lalandii is unable to rely solely on biosynthesis to fulfil LC-PUFA requirements, since front-end desaturase appears to be absent in this species and other decapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Yeat Ting
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11900, Malaysia
| | - Nyok-Sean Lau
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11900, Malaysia
| | - Ka-Kei Sam
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11900, Malaysia
| | - M Janaranjani
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11900, Malaysia
| | - Swe Cheng Wong
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - Evan S H Quah
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Amirrudin B Ahmad
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | | | - Annette Jaya-Ram
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11900, Malaysia; School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Presence and activity of endo-β-1,4-mannase, an important digestive carbohydrase within the digestive fluid of terrestrial crustaceans. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:243-253. [PMID: 33544166 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Within the midgut gland of the Christmas Island red crab, Gecarcoidea natalis, a single transcript for a GH5_10 endo-β-1,4-mannase had the highest expression out of all of the carbohydrase enzymes (Gan et al. in Mar Biotechnol 20:654-665, 2018). The activity, and potential digestive importance of this hemicellulase, compared with other carbohydrases, has yet to be established. The digestive fluid of G. natalis contained substantial endo-β-1,4-mannase activities (630 ± 55 (6) nmol reducing sugars. min-1. mg-1 protein). It was present as a single isozyme of 66.3 ± 0.7 kDa (n = 6). Endo-β-1,4-mannase activities were higher than that for lichenase and endo-β-1,4-glucanase but lower than that for β-1,3-glucanase and amylase. The digestive fluid was able to hydrolyse, galactomannan, into its component monosaccharides. Hence, this confirms expression data that this enzyme is one of the most important digestive cellulases/ hemicellulases. Expression of GH5_10 endo-β-1,4-mannase mRNA was consistent with that of a digestive enzyme, as it was expressed in the digestive midgut gland but not in muscle and gill. Endo-β-1,4-mannase activities were also present within the digestive fluid of the terrestrial hermit crabs, Coenobita perlatus and Coenobita brevimanus. Endo-β-1,4-mannase activities (1351 ± 136 (n=3) nmol reducing sugars. min-1 mg-1 protein for C. perlatus. 665 ± 32 n=(5) nmol reducing sugars. min-1 mg-1 protein for C. brevimanus) were higher than that for endo-β-1,4-glucanase and amylase but were lower than β-1,3-glucanase activities. Animals within the terrestrial hermit crab family, Coenobitidae consume legume and palm seeds which contain substantial amounts of mannan. Hence, high endo-β-1,4-mannase activities suggest that digestion of mannan within these species may represent an important source of carbohydrate.
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Gan HM, Linton SM, Austin CM. Two reads to rule them all: Nanopore long read-guided assembly of the iconic Christmas Island red crab, Gecarcoidea natalis (Pocock, 1888), mitochondrial genome and the challenges of AT-rich mitogenomes. Mar Genomics 2019; 45:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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NG NK, Moreno PAR, Naruse T, Guinot D, Mollaret N. Annotated type-catalogue of Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda) of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Part II. Gecarcinidae and Grapsidae (Thoracotremata, Grapsoidea), with an Appendix of pre-1900 collectors. ZOOSYSTEMA 2019. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Kee NG
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 (Republic of Singapore)
| | - Paula A. Rodríguez Moreno
- Direction générale déléguée aux Collections, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, case postale 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)
| | - Tohru Naruse
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Iriomote Station, University of the Ryukyus, 870 Uehara, Taketomi, Okinawa 907-1541 (Japan)
| | - Danièle Guinot
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles case postale 53, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)
| | - Noémy Mollaret
- Direction générale déléguée aux Collections, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, case postale 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)
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Guinot D, Ng NK, Moreno PAR. Review of grapsoid families for the establishment of a new family for Leptograpsodes Montgomery, 1931, and a new genus of Gecarcinidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838). ZOOSYSTEMA 2018. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Guinot
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, case postale 53, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)
| | - Ngan Kee Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 (Republic of Singapore)
| | - Paula A. Rodríguez Moreno
- Direction générale déléguée aux Collections, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, case postale 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)
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Gan HM, Austin C, Linton S. Transcriptome-Guided Identification of Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZy) from the Christmas Island Red Crab, Gecarcoidea natalis and a Vote for the Inclusion of Transcriptome-Derived Crustacean CAZys in Comparative Studies. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:654-665. [PMID: 29995174 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Christmas Island red crab, Gecarcoidea natalis, is an herbivorous land crab that consumes mostly fallen leaf litter. In order to subsist, G. natalis would need to have developed specialised digestive enzymes capable of supplying significant amounts of metabolisable sugars from this diet. To gain insights into the carbohydrate metabolism of G. natalis, a transcriptome assembly was performed, with a specific focus on identifying transcripts coding for carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) using in silico approaches. Transcriptome sequencing of the midgut gland identified 70 CAZy-coding transcripts with varying expression values. At least three newly discovered putative GH9 endo-β-1,4-glucanase ("classic cellulase") transcripts were highly expressed in the midgut gland in addition to the previously characterised GH9 and GH16 (β-1,3-glucanase) transcripts, and underscoring the utility of whole transcriptome in uncovering new CAZy-coding transcripts. A highly expressed transcript coding for GH5_10 previously missed by conventional screening of cellulase activity was inferred to be a novel endo-β-1,4-mannase in G. natalis with in silico support from homology modelling and amino acid alignment with other functionally validated GH5_10 proteins. Maximum likelihood tree reconstruction of the GH5_10 proteins demonstrates the phylogenetic affiliation of the G. natalis GH5_10 transcript to that of other decapods, supporting endogenous expression. Surprisingly, crustacean-derived GH5_10 transcripts were near absent in the current CAZy database and yet mining of the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) recovered more than 100 crustacean GH5_10s in addition to several other biotechnological relevant CAZys, underscoring the unappreciated potential of the TSA database as a valuable resource for crustacean CAZys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ming Gan
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genomics Facility, Tropical and Medicine Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christopher Austin
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genomics Facility, Tropical and Medicine Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Stuart Linton
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
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Shih HT, Chan BKK, Ng PKL. Tubuca alcocki, a new pseudocryptic species of fiddler crab from the Indian Ocean, sister to the southeastern African T. urvillei (H. Milne Edwards, 1852) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Zookeys 2018; 747:41-62. [PMID: 29674902 PMCID: PMC5904522 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.747.23468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new pseudocryptic species of fiddler crab, Tubuca alcockisp. n., is described from the northern Indian Ocean. The new species was previously identified with T. urvillei (H. Milne Edwards, 1852), but can be distinguished by the structures of the anterolateral angle of the carapace and male first gonopod. The molecular data of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene shows that both are sister taxa and the divergence time is estimated at 2.2 million years ago, around the beginning of the Pleistocene. While the new species is widely distributed in the northern part of Indian Ocean, occurring from the Red Sea to India and the Andaman Sea; T. urvillei sensu stricto has a more restricted range, and is known only from southeastern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Te Shih
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Benny K K Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Peter K L Ng
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Republic of Singapore
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