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Zhang G, Gao M, Chen Y, Wang Y, Gan T, Zhu F, Liu H. The First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Genus Litostrophus: Insights into the Rearrangement and Evolution of Mitochondrial Genomes in Diplopoda. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:254. [PMID: 38397243 PMCID: PMC10888367 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Litostrophus scaber, which is the first mitogenome of the genus Litostrophus. The mitogenome is a circular molecule with a length of 15,081 bp. The proportion of adenine and thymine (A + T) was 69.25%. The gene ND4L used TGA as the initiation codon, while the other PCGs utilized ATN (A, T, G, C) as the initiation codons. More than half of the PCGs used T as an incomplete termination codon. The transcription direction of the L. scaber mitogenome matched Spirobolus bungii, in contrast to most millipedes. Novel rearrangements were found in the L. scaber mitogenome: trnQ -trnC and trnL1- trnP underwent short-distance translocations and the gene block rrnS-rrnL-ND1 moved to a position between ND4 and ND5, resulting in the formation of a novel gene order. The phylogenetic analysis showed that L. scaber is most closely related to S. bungii, followed by Narceus magnum. These findings enhance our understanding of the rearrangement and evolution of Diplopoda mitogenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoji Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (G.Z.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ming Gao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (G.Z.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yukun Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (G.Z.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (G.Z.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.)
| | - Tianyi Gan
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Fuyuan Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (G.Z.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.)
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (G.Z.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.)
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Pimvichai P, Enghoff H, Backeljau T. Two new millipede species of the genus Coxobolellus Pimvichai, Enghoff, Panha & Backeljau, 2020 (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pseudospirobolellidae). Zookeys 2022; 1128:171-190. [PMID: 36762239 PMCID: PMC9836734 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1128.94242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new millipede species of the genus Coxobolellus Pimvichai, Enghoff, Panha & Backeljau, 2020 from Thailand are described: Coxobolellussaratani sp. nov. from Loei Province and Coxobolellusserratoligulatus sp. nov. from Uttaradit Province. The descriptions are based on gonopod morphology and two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI and 16S rRNA). The phylogenetic mtDNA analysis assigned the two new species unequivocally to the consistently well-supported Coxobolellus clade, in which they form a fifth subclade that was well supported by maximum likelihood analysis of 16S rRNA, though neither by Bayesian inference nor by COI. The two new Coxobolellus species share four conspicuous gonopodal synapomorphies of the genus: (1) the protruding process on the coxae of the 3rd (and sometimes 4th) pair of male legs, (2) a large, triangular coxae on the 4th-5th pair of legs, (3) a short process of the preanal ring protruding as far as, or slightly beyond, the anal valves, and (4) the posterior gonopod telopodite divided into two parts, with a conspicuous pore opening at the mesal margin at the end of the coxal part of the posterior gonopod. Thus, the two new species provide further evidence of the well-defined monophyly of the genus Coxobolellus. Finally, the paper provides an updated morphological identification key to all currently described Coxobolellus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyatida Pimvichai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, ThailandMahasarakham UniversityMaha SarakhamThailand
| | - Henrik Enghoff
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thierry Backeljau
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, BelgiumRoyal Belgian Institute of Natural SciencesBrusselsBelgium,Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, BelgiumUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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Pimvichai P, Enghoff H, Panha S, Backeljau T. A new genus of Pseudospirobolellidae (Diplopoda, Spirobolida) from limestone karst areas in Thailand, with descriptions of three new species. ZOOSYST EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.98.90032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new genus of the millipede family Pseudospirobolellidae, Siliquobolellusgen. nov., is described from limestone mountains in Thailand, based on three new species, viz. Siliquobolellus amicusdraconisgen. et sp. nov. from Uthaithani Province, Siliquobolellus constrictusgen. et sp. nov. from Prachuap Khiri Khan Province and Siliquobolellus prasankokaegen. et sp. nov. (type species) from Lampang Province. The descriptions are based on gonopod morphology and mitochondrial DNA data (COI barcodes). The COI barcodes grouped the three new species in a well-supported Siliquobolellusgen. nov. clade. The mean interspecific COI sequence divergence among the three new species was 12% (range: 8–15%). The mean intergeneric COI sequence divergence between Siliquobolellusgen. nov., Coxobolellus Pimvichai, Enghoff, Panha & Backeljau, 2020, and Pseudospirobolellus Carl, 1912 was 19% (range: 14–23%). Three conspicuous gonopodal synapomorphies differentiate Siliquobolellusgen. nov. from other pseudospirobollellid genera: (1) the telopodital part of the posterior gonopod forms a deep concavity, (2) the telopodite of the anterior gonopod is directed distad and does not reach the tip of the coxal part of the anterior gonopod, and (3) the tip of the anterior gonopod coxa is narrowed, curving mesad. As such, the monophyly of the new genus is well supported by both morphological and mitochondrial DNA data. A distribution map and an identification key to the species are provided.
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Likhitrakarn N, Golovatch SI, Sittichaya W. Review of the millipede genus Malayorthomorpha Mršić, 1996 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand and a key to its species. Zookeys 2022; 1118:1-19. [PMID: 36761808 PMCID: PMC9848627 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1118.89593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The millipede genus Malayorthomorpha Mršić, 1996, so far monospecific and previously known only from Park Belum, Perak State, northern Malaysia, is recorded from a mountain in Betong District, Yala Province, southern Thailand for the first time, being represented there by two new species: M.halabala sp. nov. and M.hulutbeeda sp. nov. Both new species are found to occur syntopically and can be assumed as narrowly endemic to the Titiwangsa Mountain Range which begins in southern Thailand, crosses the Malaysian border, and extends into east and west coast regions of the Malay Peninsula. In addition, the generic diagnosis is slightly updated, and a key to all three species is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natdanai Likhitrakarn
- Program of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Sergei I. Golovatch
- Biodiversity and Utilization Research Center of Maejo University, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Wisut Sittichaya
- Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr.33, Moscow 119071, Russia
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Pimvichai P, Enghoff H, Backeljau T. Redescription of the giant Southeast Asian millipede Spirobolus macrurus Pocock, 1893 and its assignment to the new genus Macrurobolus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pachybolidae). Zookeys 2022; 1087:1-18. [PMID: 35437362 PMCID: PMC8888539 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1087.71280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new genus of the millipede family Pachybolidae from Southeast Asia is described: Macrurobolusgen. nov., with Spirobolusmacrurus Pocock, 1893 as type species. This latter species is DNA barcoded (COI) and redescribed based on male morphological characters, which hitherto were unknown. The new genus differs from other pachybolid genera by having (1) the preanal ring process long and protruding beyond the anal valves and (2) the anterior gonopod telopodite distally abruptly narrowed, forming an extremely long, slender, elevated process curved caudad. Given that Macrurobolusgen. nov. is a monotypic genus, it is aphyletic and thus requires further taxonomic revision.
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Pimvichai P, Panha S, Backeljau T. Combining mitochondrial DNA and morphological data to delineate four new millipede species and provisional assignment to the genus Apeuthes Hoffman & Keeton (Diplopoda : Spirobolida : Pachybolidae : Trigoniulinae). INVERTEBR SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/is21038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Srisonchai R, Sutcharit C, Likhitrakarn N. The giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand, with a redescription of Z.siamensis Hirst, 1907 and descriptions of three new species (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). Zookeys 2021; 1067:19-56. [PMID: 34759718 PMCID: PMC8571248 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Material of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 recently collected from Thailand contains three new species: Zephroniaenghoffisp. nov., Zephroniagolovatchisp. nov., and Zephroniapanhaisp. nov. The first Zephronia species recorded for Thailand, Z.siamensis Hirst, 1907, is also redescribed based on new specimens collected both from the type locality in Chonburi Province and from neighboring areas. Morphological characters of all new species, Z.phrain Likhitrakarn & Golovatch, 2021, and Z.siamensis are illustrated, and a distribution map of the confirmed Zephronia species occurring in Thailand is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruttapon Srisonchai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chirasak Sutcharit
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Natdanai Likhitrakarn
- Division of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.,Biodiversity and Utilization Research Center of Maejo University, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
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Pimvichai P, Enghoff H, Panha S, Backeljau T. Integrative taxonomy of the new millipede genus Coxobolellus, gen. nov. (Diplopoda : Spirobolida : Pseudospirobolellidae), with descriptions of ten new species. INVERTEBR SYST 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/is20031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pseudospirobolellidae is a poorly known family of spirobolidan millipedes with only two genera and five described species. Yet, the descriptive taxonomy and molecular systematics of this group have been largely neglected. Therefore, the present work presents an integrative taxonomic study of new pseudospirobolellid taxa in Thailand. To this end, two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI and 16S rRNA) combined with morphological characters were used to define the genus Coxobolellus, gen. nov. with 10 new species, viz. C. albiceps, sp. nov., C. compactogonus, sp. nov., C. fuscus, sp. nov., C. nodosus, sp. nov., C. serratus, sp. nov., C. simplex, sp. nov., C. tenebris, sp. nov., C. tigris, sp. nov., C. transversalis, sp. nov. and C. valvatus, sp. nov. The interspecific COI sequence divergences among the new species ranged from 6 to 15%. The intergeneric COI sequence divergence between species of Coxobolellus, gen. nov., Benoitolus birgitae and Pseudospirobolellus sp. ranged from 20 to 23%. Three major morphological differences separate Coxobolellus, gen. nov. from Benoitolus and Pseudospirobolellus, namely (1) the protruding process on the 3rd (and 4th) coxae on male legs, (2) the posterior gonopod telopodite divided into two parts, and (3) a conspicuous opening pore at the mesal margin at the end of the coxal part of the posterior gonopod. Thus, the new genus is well supported by both mtDNA and morphological evidence, while the delimitation of the 10 new species is supported by the congruence between mtDNA and morphological data. Yet, with respect to the relationships of Benoitolus birgitae, morphological data suggest a similarity with Coxobolellus, gen. nov. and Pseudospirobolellus, whereas mtDNA data place this species in the Pachybolidae. Further phylogenetic analyses are needed to explore this apparent incongruence and test the monophyly of Pseudospirobolellidae.
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Likhitrakarn N, I Golovatch S, Srisonchai R, Chirasak Sutcharit, Panha S. A new species of the millipede genus Cryptocorypha Attems, 1907, from northern Thailand (Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae). Zookeys 2019; 833:121-132. [PMID: 31048955 PMCID: PMC6477868 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.833.32413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The millipede family Pyrgodesmidae and the genus Cryptocorypha are recorded from Thailand for the first time, being represented there by C.enghoffisp. n. The new species is distinguished by the evident apicodorsal trichostele on the last tibia of both sexes and the gonopodal telopodite being particularly complex, quadripartite, consisting of the longest, mesal, suberect solenomere branch; a slightly shorter, similarly slender, acuminate endomere branch tightly appressed to the solenomere; a somewhat shorter, caudal, strongly curved, armed exomere process; and a very distinct, low, lateral, sac-shaped velum at their base. This situation strongly resembles the one observed in the geographically closest C.perplexa Golovatch & VandenSpiegel, 2015, from Myanmar, but the shapes and armament of all outgrowths of the gonopodal telopodite are clearly different. A key to all three Cryptocorypha pecies known from Indochina or Myanmar and an updated checklist of all 21 species of the genus are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natdanai Likhitrakarn
- Division of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand Maejo University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Sergei I Golovatch
- A.N. Severtsov Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia A.N. Severtsov Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Ruttapon Srisonchai
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Chirasak Sutcharit
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
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