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Raubinger S, Lee FJ, Pinto AN. HIV: the changing paradigm. Intern Med J 2022; 52:542-549. [PMID: 35419962 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The past four decades have seen enormous progress in the diagnosis and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There have been significant advances spanning the approval of the first antiretroviral agents, the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy to single tablet regimens with minimal toxicity. Although these remarkable developments have on the surface led to the 'end of AIDS', there are still key populations being left behind. This clinical update will describe the diagnosis and management of HIV, and the changing paradigms that have seen HIV transform from a life-limiting condition to a manageable chronic disease over a few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Raubinger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frederick J Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angie N Pinto
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Pinto AN, Hawke K, Castley A, Chibo D, Giallonardo FD, Cooper C, Sawleshwarkar S, Kelleher A, Dwyer DE. HIV-1 subtype diversity, transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetics in Australia. Future Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Australia has maintained a low prevalence of HIV, with a mainly concentrated epidemic and successful public health response. With the widespread availability of HIV genotyping for resistance testing, and development of phylogenetic methodologies, the field of molecular epidemiology has evolved a deeper understanding of diversity and transmission dynamics of HIV. Studies combining HIV genotype with epidemiological data have allowed insights to be gained into the changing subtype diversity, rates of transmitted drug resistance and transmission networks of HIV in Australia. This review provides an overview of HIV molecular epidemiology studies in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie N Pinto
- The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen Hawke
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Allison Castley
- PathWest, Clinical Immunology, Department of Health, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Doris Chibo
- HIV Characterization Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Craig Cooper
- Positive Life NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shailendra Sawleshwarkar
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Westmead Clinical School, Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Kelleher
- The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominic E Dwyer
- NSWHP-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
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