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Irion S, Silayeva O, Sweet M, Chabanet P, Barnes AC, Tortosa P, Séré MG. Molecular Investigation of Recurrent Streptococcus iniae Epizootics Affecting Coral Reef Fish on an Oceanic Island Suggests at Least Two Distinct Emergence Events. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:749734. [PMID: 34803969 PMCID: PMC8600329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.749734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus iniae is an emerging zoonotic pathogen of increasing concern for aquaculture and has caused several epizootics in reef fishes from the Caribbean, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. To study the population structure, introduction pathways and evolution of S. iniae over recurring epizootics on Reunion Island, we developed and validated a Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) panel using genomic data obtained from 89 isolates sampled during epizootics occurring over the past 40years in Australia, Asia, the United States, Israel and Reunion Island. We selected eight housekeeping loci, which resulted in the greatest variation across the main S. iniae phylogenetic clades highlighted by the whole genomic dataset. We then applied the developed MLST to investigate the origin of S. iniae responsible for four epizootics on Reunion Island, first in inland aquaculture and then on the reefs from 1996 to 2014. Results suggest at least two independent S. iniae emergence events occurred on the island. Molecular data support that the first epizootic resulted from an introduction, with inland freshwater aquaculture facilities acting as a stepping-stone. Such an event may have been facilitated by the ecological flexibility of S. iniae, able to survive in both fresh and marine waters and the ability of the pathogen to infect multiple host species. By contrast, the second epizootic was associated with a distinct ST of cosmopolitan distribution that may have emerged as a result of environment disturbance. This novel tool will be effective at investigating recurrent epizootics occurring within a given environment or country that is despite the fact that S. iniae appears to have low genetic diversity within its lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Irion
- Université de La Réunion, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (UMR PIMIT), Inserm1187, CNRS9192, IRD249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Saint Denis, France.,Université de La Réunion, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (UMR ENTROPIE), CNRS, IRD, Saint Denis, France
| | - Oleksandra Silayeva
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Sweet
- Aquatic Research Facility, Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale Chabanet
- Université de La Réunion, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (UMR ENTROPIE), CNRS, IRD, Saint Denis, France
| | - Andrew C Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pablo Tortosa
- Université de La Réunion, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (UMR PIMIT), Inserm1187, CNRS9192, IRD249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Saint Denis, France
| | - Mathieu G Séré
- Université de La Réunion, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (UMR ENTROPIE), CNRS, IRD, Saint Denis, France.,Aquatic Research Facility, Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
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Liu Y, Li L, Huang T, Wu W, Liang W, Chen M. The Interaction between Phagocytes and Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) Mediated by the Activated Complement System is the Key to GBS Inducing Acute Bacterial Meningitis of Tilapia. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100818. [PMID: 31623233 PMCID: PMC6826838 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is a serious threat to farmed tilapia, which results in high mortality and seriously hinders tilapia farming development. The pathogenic mechanism of tilapia infected with GBS which die rapidly in production remains unknown. We provided a comprehensive comparative analysis of the tilapias infected with fish-derived GBS attenuated strain YM001 and its parental virulent strain HN016. The present study indicates that the interaction between phagocytes and GBS mediated by the activated complement system is key to GBS inducing tilapia acute bacterial meningitis. The low survival ability caused by reduced β-lactam antibiotics resistance is one of the important reasons YM001 lost its pathogenicity to tilapia. Our study provided a comprehensive cognition of the mechanism of acute bacterial meningitis caused by GBS. Abstract Streptococcus agalactiae is an important pathogen for tilapia meningitis. Most of the infected tilapia die rapidly in production, when the way to study the pathogenic mechanism of bacteria on host through chronic infection in laboratory is not comprehensive and accurate enough to elucidate the real pathogenic mechanism. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of acute bacterial meningitis of tilapia caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS), and provide a theoretical basis for its prevention and treatment. Duel RNA-seq, proteome analysis, histopathological analysis, plasma biochemical indexes, and blood routine examination were performed on tilapias infected with fish-derived GBS attenuated strain YM001 and its parental virulent strain HN016. The results showed that the contents of white blood cell (WBC), monocytes (MON), and neutrophil (NEU) were significantly lower in the HN016 group compared to that in the YM001 group (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination showed that there were partially lesions in the examined tissues of tilapia infected by HN016, while no obvious histopathological changes occurred in the YM001 group. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) and differential expressed proteins (DEPs) between YM001 and HN016 were mainly enriched in the beta-lactam resistance pathway (oppA1, oppA2, oppB, oppC, oppD, oppF, and mrcA). The DEGs DEPs between YM001-brain and HN016-brain were mainly enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades signaling pathway (C2a, c4b, c3b, c7, CD59, ITGB2, and ITGAX). The present study indicates that the interaction between phagocytes and GBS mediated by the activated complement system is the key to GBS inducing tilapia acute bacterial meningitis. The low survival ability caused by reduced β-lactam antibiotics resistance is one of the important reasons for why YM001 lost its pathogenicity to tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fish diseases control and prevention lab, Qingshan Road NO.8, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Liping Li
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fish diseases control and prevention lab, Qingshan Road NO.8, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fish diseases control and prevention lab, Qingshan Road NO.8, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Wende Wu
- Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road NO.100, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Wanwen Liang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fish diseases control and prevention lab, Qingshan Road NO.8, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fish diseases control and prevention lab, Qingshan Road NO.8, Nanning 530021, China.
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Tidbury HJ, Joiner CL, Rimmer GSE, Potter HV, Taylor NGH. The effectiveness of fishery net dips: Advice for the improvement of biosecurity measures. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1625-1630. [PMID: 30091241 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Disease poses a major threat to aquaculture and commercial and recreational fisheries globally. Biosecurity measures have been implemented; however, empirical evidence of their efficacy in situ is lacking. Here, we present the results from a study conducted to examine the effectiveness of disinfectant net dips. Samples were collected from disinfectant net dips at 25 recreational fisheries in south-west England and assessed to determine (a) the level of bacterial contamination and (b) the reduction in titre of a target virus (infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, IPNV) following a contact time of 2 and 5 min. In addition, the study examined the reduction in target virus titre following exposure to laboratory prepared Virkon® , representing "clean," "dirty" and "diluted and dirty" conditions, for 2 and 5 min. Bacterial contamination was high in 64% of disinfectant samples, and, 76% of disinfectant samples did not effectively reduce the target virus titre in 2 or 5 min. Virus titre was successfully reduced following exposure to laboratory prepared Virkon® for 2 or 5 min, although dilution and contamination reduced the effectiveness. These results suggest that disinfectant net dips may not be working effectively on a high proportion of fishery sites. We provide recommendations for improving biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Tidbury
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Claire L Joiner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | | | - Holly V Potter
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nick G H Taylor
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
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Bayliss SC, Verner-Jeffreys DW, Bartie KL, Aanensen DM, Sheppard SK, Adams A, Feil EJ. The Promise of Whole Genome Pathogen Sequencing for the Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging Aquaculture Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:121. [PMID: 28217117 PMCID: PMC5290457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food-producing sector, and the sustainability of this industry is critical both for global food security and economic welfare. The management of infectious disease represents a key challenge. Here, we discuss the opportunities afforded by whole genome sequencing of bacterial and viral pathogens of aquaculture to mitigate disease emergence and spread. We outline, by way of comparison, how sequencing technology is transforming the molecular epidemiology of pathogens of public health importance, emphasizing the importance of community-oriented databases and analysis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sion C Bayliss
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath Bath, UK
| | | | - Kerry L Bartie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling Stirling, UK
| | - David M Aanensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK; The Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome CampusCambridge, UK
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath Bath, UK
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling Stirling, UK
| | - Edward J Feil
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath Bath, UK
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