1
|
Tozduman B, Sözmen MK. Assessing the job preferences of senior medical students for mandatory service: a discrete choice experiment. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2024; 25:e31. [PMID: 38818776 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423624000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the job preferences of senior medical students for mandatory service as general practitioners using discrete choice experiment. INTRODUCTION Health workforce is directly associated with health service coverage and health outcomes. However, there is a global shortage of healthcare workers (HCWs) in rural areas. Discrete choice experiments can guide the policy and decision-makers to increase recruitment and retention of HCWs in remote and rural areas by determining their job preferences. The aim of this study is to investigate job preferences of senior medical students for mandatory service as general practitioners. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 144 medical students. To estimate students' preferences for different levels of job attributes, a mixed logit model was utilised. Simulations of job uptake rates and willingness to pay (WTP) estimates were computed. FINDINGS All attributes had an impact on the job preferences of students with the following order of priority: salary, workload, proximity to family/friends, working environment, facility and developmental status. For a normal workload and a workplace closed to family/friends which were the most valued attributes after salary, WTPs were 2818.8 Turkish lira (TRY) ($398.7) and 2287.5 TRY ($323.6), respectively. The preference weights of various job characteristics were modified by gender, the presence of a HCW parent and willingness to perform mandatory service. To recruit young physicians where they are most needed, monetary incentives appear to be the most efficient intervention. Non-pecuniary job characteristics also affected job preferences. Packages of both monetary and non-monetary incentives tailored to individual characteristics would be the most efficient approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buşra Tozduman
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Subsection, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melih Kaan Sözmen
- Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Russell DJ, Monani D, Martin P, Wakerman J. Addressing the GP vocational training crisis in remote Australia: Lessons from the Northern Territory. Aust J Rural Health 2023; 31:967-978. [PMID: 37607122 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GP vocational training enrolments are declining Australia-wide and, in the Northern Territory (NT), considered by some as '…the litmus test for the national scene' the decline is precipitous. This research investigates the drivers of declining GP training uptake in the NT and identifies and ranks potential solutions. SETTING NT, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Ten senior medical students, 6 junior doctors, 11 GP registrars, 11 GP supervisors and 31 stakeholders. DESIGN Mixed methods: scoping review of Australian literature mapping key concepts to GP training pathway stages and marketing/communications; secondary data analyses; key informant interviews; and a stakeholder validation/prioritisation workshop. Interview data were thematically analysed. Workshop participants received summarised study findings and participated in structured discussions of potential solutions prior to nominating top five strategies in each of five categories. RESULTS Highly prioritised strategies included increasing prevocational training opportunities in primary care and selecting junior doctors interested in rural generalism and long-term NT practice. Also ranked highly were: [Medical School] ensuring adequate infrastructure; [Vocational Training] offering high quality, culturally sensitive, flexible professional and personal support; [General Practice] better remunerating GPs; and [Marketing] ensuring positive aspects such as diversity of experiences and expedited GP career opportunities were promoted. CONCLUSION Multifaceted strategies to increase GP training uptake are needed, which target different stages of GP training. Effective action is likely to require multiple strategies with coordinated action by different jurisdictional and national key stakeholder agencies. Foremost amongst the interventions required is the urgent need to expand primary care training opportunities in NT for prevocational doctors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Jane Russell
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Devaki Monani
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Priya Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Wakerman
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bentley M, Ralston A, Clarke L, Davey A, Holliday E, Fielding A, van Driel M, Tapley A, Ball J, Fisher K, Spike N, Magin P. General practice registrars training part-time: a cross-sectional analysis of prevalence and associations. EDUCATION FOR PRIMARY CARE 2023; 34:244-253. [PMID: 37671661 DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2023.2248943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
While GPs are working fewer clinical hours and many GP trainees (registrars) do not foresee themselves working full-time in clinical practice, little is known of the epidemiology of registrars training part-time. We aimed to establish the prevalence of general practice part-time training (PTT), and part-time registrars' characteristics and practice patterns. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of data from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training project, an ongoing cohort study of Australian GP registrars' clinical experiences over 60 consecutive consultations in each of three training terms. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted with the outcome 'training part-time'. 1790 registrars contributed data for 4,135 registrar-terms and 241,945 clinical encounters. Nine hundred and twenty-two registrar-terms (22%, 95%CI:21%-24%) and 52,339 clinical encounters (22%, 95%CI:21%-22%) involved PTT. Factors associated with PTT were registrar characteristics - female gender, older age, in a later training stage, performing other regular medical work; practice characteristics - working in a higher socioeconomic status area; and patient characteristics - seeing more patients new to the registrar and seeing more patients from a non-English-speaking background. No consultation or consultation action factors were significantly associated with PTT. Registrars, practices, and patient associations have GP training implications. The lack of registrar consultation or consultation action associations suggests there may be limited impact of PTT on patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bentley
- General Practice Training Tasmania (GPTT), Hobart, Australia
| | - Anna Ralston
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
| | - Lisa Clarke
- General Practice Training Tasmania (GPTT), Hobart, Australia
| | - Andrew Davey
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Alison Fielding
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
| | - Mieke van Driel
- Faculty of Medicine, General Practice Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda Tapley
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
| | - Jean Ball
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Clinical Research Design and Statistical Support Unit (CReDITSS), New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Katie Fisher
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
| | - Neil Spike
- Eastern Victoria General Practice Training (EVGPT), Hawthorn, Australia
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Churchill, Australia
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Parker Magin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beccaria L, McIlveen P, Fein EC, Kelly T, McGregor R, Rezwanul R. Importance of attachment to place in growing a sustainable Australian Rural Health Workforce: A rapid review. Aust J Rural Health 2021; 29:620-642. [PMID: 34612538 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personal, community, and environmental factors can influence the attraction and retention of regional, rural, and remote health workers. However, the concept of place attachment needs further attention as a factor affecting the sustainability of the rural health workforce. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this rapid review was to explore the influence of a sense of place in attracting and retaining health professionals in rural and remote areas. DESIGN A systematic rapid review was conducted based on an empirical model using four dimensions: place dependence, place identity, social bonding and nature bonding. English-language publications between 2011 and 2021 were sought from academic databases, including studies relevant to Australian health professionals. FINDINGS A total of 348 articles were screened and 52 included in the review. Place attachment factors varied across disciplines and included (a) intrinsic place-based personal factors; (b) learning experiences enhancing self-efficacy and rural health work interest; (c) relational, social and community integration; and (d) connection to place with lifestyle aspirations. DISCUSSION This rapid review provides insight into the role of relational connections in building a health workforce and suggests that community factors are important in building attachment through social bonding and place identity. Results indicate that future health workforce research should focus on career decision-making and psychological appraisals including place attachment. CONCLUSION An attachment to place might develop through placement experiences or from a strong rural upbringing. The importance of the relational interactions within a work community and the broader community is seen as an important factor in attracting, recruiting, and sustaining a rural health workforce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Beccaria
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter McIlveen
- School of Education, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Erich C Fein
- School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Tricia Kelly
- Library Services, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Rowena McGregor
- Library Services, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Rana Rezwanul
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Seal A, Harding C, McGirr J. What influences trainee decisions to practise in rural and regional Australia? Aust J Prim Health 2020; 26:520-525. [PMID: 33271060 DOI: 10.1071/py19214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although international medical graduates (IMGs) make up a substantial part of the Australian rural general practice workforce, most research on factors associated with rural practice has focused on Australian medical graduates (AMGs). This study aimed to determine whether there were differences between IMGs and AMGs in terms of these factors. Registrars in training and recent fellows (Fellowship of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners/Fellowship of the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine) who participated in training in rural and regional Australia were surveyed about practice models and rural practice. Almost two-thirds of participants were practicing or intending to practice in rural areas, with no difference between AMGs and IMGs. None of the variables associated with rural practice for AMGs was found to be associated with rural practice in IMGs in univariate binary regression analysis. Two key variables that are strongly associated with rural medical practice in the current literature, namely rural background and rural exposure, were not significant predictors of rural practice among IMGs. Due to the significant number of IMGs in regional training programs, any future incentives designed to improve rural recruitment and retention need to address factors relevant to IMGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Seal
- School of Medicine Sydney, Rural Clinical School (Wagga Wagga), The University of Notre Dame Australia, PO Box 5050, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Catherine Harding
- School of Medicine Sydney, Rural Clinical School (Wagga Wagga), The University of Notre Dame Australia, PO Box 5050, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Joe McGirr
- School of Medicine Sydney, Rural Clinical School (Wagga Wagga), The University of Notre Dame Australia, PO Box 5050, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abelsen B, Strasser R, Heaney D, Berggren P, Sigurðsson S, Brandstorp H, Wakegijig J, Forsling N, Moody-Corbett P, Akearok GH, Mason A, Savage C, Nicoll P. Plan, recruit, retain: a framework for local healthcare organizations to achieve a stable remote rural workforce. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2020; 18:63. [PMID: 32883287 PMCID: PMC7469323 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-020-00502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruiting and retaining a skilled health workforce is a common challenge for remote and rural communities worldwide, negatively impacting access to services, and in turn peoples' health. The research literature highlights different factors facilitating or hindering recruitment and retention of healthcare workers to remote and rural areas; however, there are few practical tools to guide local healthcare organizations in their recruitment and retention struggles. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development process, the contents, and the suggested use of The Framework for Remote Rural Workforce Stability. The Framework is a strategy designed for rural and remote healthcare organizations to ensure the recruitment and retention of vital healthcare personnel. METHOD The Framework is the result of a 7-year, five-country (Sweden, Norway, Canada, Iceland, and Scotland) international collaboration combining literature reviews, practical experience, and national case studies in two different projects. RESULT The Framework consists of nine key strategic elements, grouped into three main tasks (plan, recruit, retain). Plan: activities to ensure that the population's needs are periodically assessed, that the right service model is in place, and that the right recruits are targeted. Recruit: activities to ensure that the right recruits and their families have the information and support needed to relocate and integrate in the local community. Retain: activities to support team cohesion, train current and future professionals for rural and remote health careers, and assure the attractiveness of these careers. Five conditions for success are recognition of unique issues; targeted investment; a regular cycle of activities involving key agencies; monitoring, evaluating, and adjusting; and active community participation. CONCLUSION The Framework can be implemented in any local context as a holistic, integrated set of interventions. It is also possible to implement selected components among the nine strategic elements in order to gain recruitment and/or retention improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Abelsen
- The National Centre for Rural Medicine, The Department of Community Medicine, UiT, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Roger Strasser
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead and Laurentian Universities, Thunder Bay and Sudbury, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Helen Brandstorp
- The National Centre for Rural Medicine, The Department of Community Medicine, UiT, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jennifer Wakegijig
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead and Laurentian Universities, Thunder Bay and Sudbury, Canada
| | | | - Penny Moody-Corbett
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead and Laurentian Universities, Thunder Bay and Sudbury, Canada
| | - Gwen Healey Akearok
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead and Laurentian Universities, Thunder Bay and Sudbury, Canada
- Qaujigiartiit Health Research Centre, Iqaluit, Canada
| | | | | | - Pam Nicoll
- NHS Education for Scotland, Centre for Health Science, Inverness, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Couch D, O'Sullivan B, Russell D, McGrail M. 'It's so rich, you know, what they could be experiencing': rural places for general practitioner learning. HEALTH SOCIOLOGY REVIEW : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEALTH SECTION OF THE AUSTRALIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2020; 29:76-91. [PMID: 33411661 DOI: 10.1080/14461242.2019.1695137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Globally there is an urban/rural divide in relation to health and healthcare access. A key strategy for addressing general practitioner shortages in rural areas is GP vocational training in rural places, as this may aid in developing practitioners' scope, values and community orientation, and increase propensity for rural practice. This creates a need for deeper understanding of the nature and quality of this training. Rural GPs are well-positioned to reflect on vocational learning in 'place'. We aimed to explore rural GPs' perceptions and experiences of GP vocational learning in relation to rural places. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 GPs based in smaller rural communities in Tasmania. Inductive and theoretical thematic analysis was undertaken. Rural places provide learning opportunities for GP registrars, which shape the relationships between GPs and registrars and their communities. Rural GPs are committed to developing the next generation and improving access to primary care for their communities. Rural places provide unique learning environments for general practice, including rich learning, relationships and community commitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Couch
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Belinda O'Sullivan
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Bendigo, Australia
- Rural Clinical School, University of Queensland, Toowoomba and Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Deborah Russell
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Bendigo, Australia
- Flinders Northern Territory, Alice Springs, Australia
| | - Matthew McGrail
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Bendigo, Australia
- Rural Clinical School, University of Queensland, Toowoomba and Rockhampton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Le Floch B, Bastiaens H, Le Reste J, Lingner H, Hoffman R, Assenova R, Koskela T, Klemenc-Ketis Z, Nabbe P, Montier T, Peremans L. Which positive view of general practice do medical students and trainees have? A systematic literature review. EDUCATION FOR PRIMARY CARE 2020; 31:104-111. [PMID: 31964315 DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2020.1716200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite several studies focusing on the negative aspects of general medicine, the speciality seems attractive for students. Researchers from the European General Practice Research Network created a group to study job satisfaction in general practice. The aim of this eight-country European study was to determine which positive view students have about general practice.Method: Systematic review of the literature from Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases. Articles published between 01/01/2000 and 12/31/2018 were searched and analysed by two researchers working blind. The data on satisfaction factors were extracted from the full text article used as verbatims. Then the data were coded with a thematic analysis.Results: 24 articles out of 414 were selected. Satisfaction factors were classified: teaching of general practice, workplace and organisational freedom, quality of life, variety in practice, workload balance and income. The analysis highlighted intellectual stimulation and the relationship built with patients and other professionals.Conclusion: Literature on the appeal of general practice for students revealed many factors of job satisfaction in general practice. It is possible to create a global view of a satisfied GP on the students' opinion. Courses and clerkships in general practice with positive role models are determining factors in career choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Le Floch
- ERCR SPURBO, Department of General Practice, Université De Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - H Bastiaens
- Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jy Le Reste
- ERCR SPURBO, Department of General Practice, Université De Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - H Lingner
- Centre for Public Health and Healthcare, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rd Hoffman
- Department of Family Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R Assenova
- Department of General Practice, University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - T Koskela
- Department of General Practice, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Z Klemenc-Ketis
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - P Nabbe
- ERCR SPURBO, Department of General Practice, Université De Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - T Montier
- ERCR SPURBO, Department of General Practice, Université De Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.,Faculté De Médecine Et Des Sciences De La Santé, Université Européenne De Bretagne, France
| | - L Peremans
- Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium.,Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium.,Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pericin I, Mansfield G, Larkin J, Collins C. Future career intentions of recent GP graduates in Ireland: a trend analysis study. BJGP Open 2018; 2:bjgpopen18X101409. [PMID: 30564707 PMCID: PMC6181082 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen18x101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack of manpower and negative health statistics have increased the workload for Irish GPs. Consequently, recent GP graduates are considering emigration or part-time employment. AIM To report on trends of the current status and future work intentions of recent GP graduates in Ireland. DESIGN & SETTING Quantitative study based on online surveys in the Irish setting. METHOD A 'career intentions' survey was emailed to all recent GP graduates in Ireland, in 2014, 2015, and 2017. The data presented includes GPs who graduated in the previous 4 years at each survey time point. The average response rate across the three surveys was 38.2%. RESULTS The number of graduates who had already emigrated increased over the survey years, accounted for 16.9% in 2014, 17.4% in 2015, and 19.2% in 2017 survey. The majority of doctors who emigrated did so in the first 2 years after graduation (74.7%). 'Quality of life' became the most frequent reason for emigration over the survey years, accounting for 32.0% in the 2017 survey. In the 2014 survey, 47.3% of graduates stated that they intend to work part-time in 5 years; this rose to 51.2% in 2015, reaching 60.0% in 2017. Female participants were more than twice as likely to plan to work part time in 5 years compared to their male colleagues, across all three surveys. CONCLUSION The first and second years after graduation were the most critical for emigration. Interventions in this period may reduce the 'brain drain' of Irish GPs. Part-time working is becoming more attractive and should be considered in future workforce planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pericin
- Research Assistant, Research Department, Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - James Larkin
- Research Assistant, Research Department, Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Collins
- Director of Research, Research Department, Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bjørnskov Pedersen L. Preference for practice--recent evidence. Scand J Prim Health Care 2016; 34:1-2. [PMID: 26846179 PMCID: PMC4911032 DOI: 10.3109/02813432.2016.1142175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|