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Emura N, Saito Y, Miura R, Sawai K. Effect of Downregulating the Hippo Pathway Members YAP1 and LATS2 Transcripts on Early Development and Gene Expression Involved in Differentiation in Porcine Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:62-70. [PMID: 32150685 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2019.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In mouse development, differentiation of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) during the transition from the morula to blastocyst stage is regulated by the Hippo pathway; however, the functions of the Hippo pathway in porcine embryogenesis have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the gene expression patterns of the Hippo pathway members yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) and the functions of these genes during porcine preimplantation development using RNA interference. Both YAP1 and LATS2 mRNA levels were shown high in the in vitro matured oocytes and 1-cell stage embryos and fell progressively with development. YAP1 nuclear localization was detected at the morula and blastocyst stages. Downregulation of either YAP1 or LATS2 inhibited porcine preimplantation development and affected the expression levels of POU class 5 homeobox 1 (OCT-4) and SRY-related HMG-box gene 2 (SOX2), transcription factors necessary for the ICM/TE differentiation. Taken together, YAP1 and LATS2 are essential for porcine preimplantation development, and it is possible that the Hippo pathway has important roles in porcine ICM/TE segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Emura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yuriko Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ruri Miura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ken Sawai
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
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In Vitro Culture of Late Stage Pig Embryos in a Chemically Defined Medium, Porcine Blastocyst Medium (PBM). Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31230275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9566-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In vitro production (IVP) of porcine preimplantation embryos is an important technique not only for basic and biomedical research purposes but also for animal biotechnology application such as transgenesis, cloning, and embryo transfer. In this chapter, we demonstrate a superior IVP procedure of porcine embryos derived from cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) of slaughtered pig ovaries which are cultured sequentially in different defined media. Porcine blastocyst medium (PBM) particularly designed for the late stage embryo culture could improve the potential of morulae or blastocysts to develop into hatching and hatched blastocysts with good quality.
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Emura N, Takahashi K, Saito Y, Sawai K. The necessity of TEAD4 for early development and gene expression involved in differentiation in porcine embryos. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:361-368. [PMID: 31130592 PMCID: PMC6708854 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TEA domain family transcription factor 4 (Tead4) is known to be important for the trophectoderm (TE) segregation in murine embryos. However, the role of TEAD4 in early development of
porcine embryos is still unknown. We examined TEAD4 expression patterns and attempted to determine the functions of TEAD4 during porcine preimplantation development using RNA interference.
TEAD4 mRNA was upregulated from the 2–4-cell to 8–16-cell stages and then decreased to the blastocyst stage. Nuclear localization of TEAD4 protein was detected at the
16-cell stage, as well as at subsequent developmental stages. In porcine embryos injected with TEAD4 siRNA, transformation from morula to blastocyst was inhibited. Although
TEAD4 downregulation did not affect the expression levels of POU class 5 homeobox 1 (OCT-4), transcription of SRY-related HMG-box
gene 2 (SOX2) was detected at high level in TEAD4-downregulated embryos. It is possible that TEAD4 contributes to blastocyst formation in porcine
embryos through downregulation of SOX2 expression. Collectively, our results indicate that TEAD4 is an important factor for the preimplantation development of porcine
embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Emura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takahashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yuriko Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Sawai
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Effect of Glycine and Various Osmolarities of Culture Medium on In VitroDevelopment of Parthenogenesis and Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos in Pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2018.33.4.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Herrick JR, Lyons SM, Greene-Ermisch AF, Broeckling CD, Schoolcraft WB, Krisher RL. A carnivore embryo's perspective on essential amino acids and ammonium in culture medium: effects on the development of feline embryos†. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:1070-1081. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Herrick
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah M Lyons
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Corey D Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Wu Z, Jin L, Zheng W, Zhang C, Zhang L, Chen Y, Guan J, Fei H. NMR-based serum metabolomics study reveals a innovative diagnostic model for missed abortion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:679-685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Park YG, Lee SE, Son YJ, Jeong SG, Shin MY, Kim WJ, Kim EY, Park SP. Antioxidant β-cryptoxanthin enhances porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:1204-1213. [DOI: 10.1071/rd17444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is partly responsible for the poor quality of IVM oocytes. The present study investigated the effects of the antioxidant β-cryptoxanthin on the IVM of porcine oocytes and the in vitro development of the ensuing embryos. Oocytes were matured in IVM medium containing different concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin (0, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM). Treatment with 1 µM β-cryptoxanthin (Group 1B) improved polar body extrusion and the expression of maturation-related genes in cumulus cells and oocytes compared with control. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species decreased significantly in Group 1B, whereas there were significant increases in glutathione levels and expression of the antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase 1 and peroxiredoxin 5 in this group. After parthenogenetic activation, although the cleavage rate did not differ between the control and 1B groups, the blastocyst formation rate was higher in the latter. Moreover, the total number of cells per blastocyst and relative mRNA levels of pluripotency marker and antioxidant genes were significantly higher in the 1B compared with control group. These results demonstrate that β-cryptoxanthin decreases oxidative stress in porcine oocytes and improves their quality and developmental potential.
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Emura N, Sakurai N, Takahashi K, Hashizume T, Sawai K. OCT-4 expression is essential for the segregation of trophectoderm lineages in porcine preimplantation embryos. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:401-8. [PMID: 27210587 PMCID: PMC5004796 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oct-4, a member of the POU family of transcription factors, is a key factor that
regulates the segregation of the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE)
during the transition from morula to blastocyst in mice. However, little is known
about its role in porcine early embryogenesis. To determine the function of OCT-4 in
the ICM and TE segregation of porcine embryos, we studied the developmental
morphology of porcine embryos using RNA interference technology. Our experiments
demonstrated that when 1-cell stage embryos were co-injected with the small
interfering RNA (siRNA)for targeted knockdown of OCT-4 (OCT-4-siRNA)
and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-dextran conjugate (Dx), they failed
to form blastocysts. Therefore, in this study, we constructed chimeric embryos
comprising blastomeres that either expressed OCT-4 normally or
showed downregulated OCT-4 expression by co-injection of OCT-4-siRNA
and Dx into one blastomere in 2- to 4-cell stage embryos. In control embryos, which
were co-injected with control siRNA and Dx, Dx-positive cells contributed to the TE
lineage in almost all the blastocysts examined. In contrast, Dx-positive cells
derived from a blastomere co-injected with OCT-4-siRNA and Dx were degenerated in
almost half the blastocysts. This was probably due to the inability of these cells to
differentiate into the TE lineage. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed no difference
in the levels of SOX2, TEAD4, FGF4
and FGFR1-IIIc, all of which are known to be regulated by OCT-4,
between the OCT-4-siRNA-injected morulae and the control ones. However, the level of
CDX2, a molecule specifically expressed in the TE lineage, was
significantly higher in the former than in the latter. Our results indicate that
continuous expression of OCT-4 in blastomeres is essential for TE formation of
porcine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Emura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Ochota M, Pasieka A, Niżański W. Superoxide dismutase and taurine supplementation improves in vitro blastocyst yield from poor-quality feline oocytes. Theriogenology 2016; 85:922-927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mito T, Yoshioka K, Noguchi M, Yamashita S, Misumi K, Hoshi T, Hoshi H. Birth of piglets from in vitro–produced porcine blastocysts vitrified and warmed in a chemically defined medium. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1314-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Generation of large pig and bovine blastocysts by culturing in human induced pluripotent stem cell medium. ZYGOTE 2015; 24:236-44. [PMID: 25925489 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199415000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPS) medium on porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer and bovine in vitro fertilized early blastocysts, in comparison with North Carolina State University (NCSU)-37 medium and in vitro culture (IVC)-II medium. After 2 days of culture, the diameter of the portion of the blastocyst that was extruded from the zona pellucid dramatically differed between porcine blastocysts cultured in hiPS medium and those cultured in NCSU-37 medium (221.47 ± 38.94 μm versus 481.87 ± 40.61 μm, P < 0.01). Moreover, the diameter of the portion of the blastocyst significantly differed between bovine blastocysts cultured in hiPS medium and those cultured in IVC-II medium (150.30 ± 29.49 μm versus 195.58 ± 41.59 μm, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the total number of cells per porcine and bovine blastocyst was more than two-fold higher in blastocysts cultured in hiPS medium than in those cultured in NCSU-37 medium (44.33 ± 5.28 and 143.33 ± 16.05, P < 0.01) or IVC-II medium (172.12 ± 45.08 and 604.83 ± 242.64, P < 0.01), respectively. These results indicate that hiPS medium markedly improves the quality of porcine and bovine blastocysts.
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Effect of Three Dimensional Culture of Porcine Endometrial Cells on Their Plasminogen Activity and Pre-implantation Embryo Development after Co-culture. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2014.29.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Grupen CG. The evolution of porcine embryo in vitro production. Theriogenology 2014; 81:24-37. [PMID: 24274407 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro production of porcine embryos has presented numerous challenges to researchers over the past four decades. Some of the problems encountered were specific to porcine gametes and embryos and needed the concerted efforts of many to overcome. Gradually, porcine embryo in vitro production systems became more reliable and acceptable rates of blastocyst formation were achieved. Despite the significant improvements, the problem of polyspermic fertilization has still not been adequately resolved and the embryo in vitro culture conditions are still considered to be suboptimal. Whereas early studies focused on increasing our understanding of the reproductive processes involved, the technology evolved to the point where in vitro-matured oocytes and in vitro-produced embryos could be used as research material for developing associated reproductive technologies, such as SCNT and embryo cryopreservation. Today, the in vitro procedures used to mature oocytes and culture embryos are integral to the production of transgenic pigs by SCNT. This review discusses the major achievements, advances, and knowledge gained from porcine embryo in vitro production studies and highlights the future research perspectives of this important technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Grupen
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.
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Morbeck DE, Krisher RL, Herrick JR, Baumann NA, Matern D, Moyer T. Composition of commercial media used for human embryo culture. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:759-766.e9. [PMID: 24998366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the composition of commercially available culture media and test whether differences in composition are biologically relevant in a murine model. DESIGN Experimental laboratory study. SETTING University-based laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Cryopreserved hybrid mouse one-cell embryos were used in experiments. INTERVENTION(S) Amino acid, organic acid, ions, and metal content were determined for two different lots of media from Cook, In Vitro Care, Origio, Sage, Vitrolife, Irvine CSC, and Global. To determine whether differences in the composition of these media are biologically relevant, mouse one-cell embryos were thawed and cultured for 120 hours in each culture media at 5% and 20% oxygen in the presence or absence of protein in an EmbryoScope time-lapse incubator. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The compositions of seven culture media were analyzed for concentrations of 39 individual amino acids, organic acids, ions, and elements. Blastocyst rates and cell cycle timings were calculated at 96 hours of culture, and the experiments were repeated in triplicate. RESULT(S) Of the 39 analytes, concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids, phosphate, calcium, and magnesium were present in variable concentrations, likely reflecting differences in the interpretation of animal studies. Essential trace elements, such as copper and zinc, were not detected. Mouse embryos failed to develop in one culture medium and were differentially affected by oxygen in two other media. CONCLUSION(S) Culture media composition varies widely, with differences in pyruvate, lactate, and amino acids especially notable. Blastocyst development was culture media dependent and showed an interaction with oxygen concentration and presence of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean E Morbeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | | | - Jason R Herrick
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado
| | - Nikola A Baumann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dietrich Matern
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas Moyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Sakurai N, Fujii T, Hashizume T, Sawai K. Effects of downregulating oct-4 transcript by RNA interference on early development of porcine embryos. J Reprod Dev 2013; 59:353-60. [PMID: 23628850 PMCID: PMC3944357 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2013-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the POU family transcription
factor, Oct-4, in the early development of porcine embryos. We attempted Oct-4
downregulation of porcine early embryos by RNA interference, and evaluated Oct-4
suppression of developmental competencies and gene transcripts in porcine embryos.
Injection of specific siRNA resulted in a distinct decrease in Oct-4 mRNA
and protein expression in porcine embryos until at least the morula stage. Although the
porcine embryos injected with Oct-4 siRNA were able to develop to the morula stage, these
embryos failed to form blastocysts. Gene transcripts of caudal-like transcription factor
(Cdx2) and fibroblast growth factor 4 (Fgf4), which
were involved in segregation of the trophectderm and functionalization of the inner cell
mass, were unchanged by Oct-4 siRNA injection. Our results indicated that Oct-4 is an
important factor for porcine embryos and, in particular, for the regulation of porcine
blastocyst formation.
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Leptin and nonessential amino acids enhance porcine preimplantation embryo development in vitro by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Theriogenology 2013; 79:291-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mito T, Yoshioka K, Yamashita S, Suzuki C, Noguchi M, Hoshi H. Glucose and glycine synergistically enhance the in vitro development of porcine blastocysts in a chemically defined medium. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:443-50. [PMID: 22401276 DOI: 10.1071/rd11197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of glucose and/or glycine on the in vitro development of Day 5 (Day 0=IVF) porcine blastocysts were determined. The addition of 2.5-10 mM glucose to the chemically defined culture medium porcine zygote medium (PZM)-5 significantly increased blastocyst survival rates compared with those of blastocysts cultured in the absence of glucose. The addition of 5 and 10 mM glycine to PZM-5 containing 5 mM glucose significantly enhanced the development to hatching and the number of hatched blastocysts compared with no addition of glycine. However, the addition of glycine to PZM-5 with no glucose did not improve blastocyst development. The ATP content of Day 6 blastocysts cultured with glucose was significantly higher than that of blastocysts cultured in the absence of glucose, regardless of glycine supplementation. The diameter and total cell numbers were significantly greater, and the apoptotic index was significantly lower, in Day 6 blastocysts cultured with both glucose and glycine. These results indicate that glucose is an important energy source for the porcine blastocyst and that glucose and glycine act synergistically to enhance development to the hatching and hatched blastocyst stage in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Mito
- Research Institute for the Functional Peptides, 4-3-32 Shimojo, Yamagata 990-0823, Japan
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Developmental expression of lineage specific genes in porcine embryos of different origins. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:723-33. [PMID: 22639061 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the expression of genes involved in pluripotency, segregation of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE), and primitive endoderm (PE) formation in porcine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF), parthenogenetic activation (PA), and nuclear transfer (NT) using either fetal fibroblasts (FF-NT) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-NT). METHODS Blastocyst formation and total cell number were analyzed. The expression patterns of transcripts, including SRY-related HMG-box gene 2 (SOX2), reduced expression gene 1 (REX1/ZFP42), LIN28, caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), TEA domain family member 4 (TEAD4), integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) and GATA6 were assessed at the 4-8 cell and blastocyst stage embryos by real-time PCR. RESULTS Developmental rates to blastocyst stage and total cell number were higher in IVF and PA embryos than in NT embryos. But MSC-NT embryos had increased blastocyst formation and higher total cell number compared to FF-NT embryos. The relative expressions of transcripts were higher in blastocysts than in 4-8 cell stage embryos. The mRNA expression levels of SOX2 and REX1 were largely similar in embryos of different origins. However, the genes such as LIN28, CDX2, TEAD4, ITGB1 and GATA6 showed the differential expression pattern in PA and NT embryos compared to IVF embryos. Importantly, the transcript levels in MSC-NT embryos were relatively less variable to IVF than those in FF-NT embryos. CONCLUSION MSCs seem to be better donors for porcine NT as they improved the developmental competency, and influenced the expression pattern of genes quite similar with IVF embryos than that of FFs.
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YOSHIOKA K. Development and Application of a Chemically Defined Medium for the In Vitro Production of Porcine Embryos. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:9-16. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koji YOSHIOKA
- Research Team for Production Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health
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MOMOZAWA K, FUKUDA Y. Establishment of An Advanced Chemically Defined Medium for Early Embryos Derived from In Vitro Matured and Fertilized Bovine Oocytes. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:681-9. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.11-039h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji MOMOZAWA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshinori FUKUDA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Pereira MM, Machado MA, Costa FQ, Serapiao RV, Viana JHM, Camargo LSA. Effect of oxygen tension and serum during IVM on developmental competence of bovine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:1074-82. [DOI: 10.1071/rd10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With an aim to improve the in vitro production of bovine embryos, the present study investigated the effect of serum and oxygen tension during IVM on oocyte developmental competence. Four experimental groups were evaluated: G1, 10% oestrus cow serum (OCS) with 20% O2; G2, 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with 20% O2; G3, 10% OCS with 5% O2; and G4, 0.1% PVA with 5% O2. The proportion of MII oocytes, blastocyst rates and total cell number were not affected (P > 0.05) when the OCS was replaced with PVA under 5% O2, whereas a higher (P < 0.05) blastocyst rate and total cell number were found with OCS compared with PVA under 20% O2. The apoptosis index was lower in blastocysts from oocytes matured with PVA under 5% O2 (G4) compared with other groups (G1, G2 and G3), but no differences (P > 0.05) were found in maturation and blastocyst rates. Significant differences were found in the amount of specific transcripts in oocytes matured under different conditions. In conclusion maturation with PVA and 5% O2 provides an efficient in vitro culture condition for the maturation of bovine oocytes.
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The effect of bovine embryo culture without proteins supplements until day 4 on transcription level of hyaluronan synthases, receptors and mtDNA content. ZYGOTE 2009; 18:121-9. [PMID: 20003578 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199409990128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effect of bovine embryo culture on a flat surface, (without a surface-active compound) on the level of mRNA expression of hyaluronan (HA) synthases (Has1, Has2 and Has3), Ha receptors RHAMM and C44 receptors was evaluated by mitochondrial DNA concentration and in vitro development. Cultures were evaluated up to 96 h post-insemination (hpi) using SOFaa medium. Of the three Has isoforms, Has2 expression only increased in the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-only supplemented groups regardless of time of BSA addition. Expression of RHAMM receptors was highly dependent on the addition of HA, irrespective of the presence of BSA in the medium. In contrast, expression of the CD44 receptor gene was not affected by any treatment. The cleavage rates and number of embryos that developed to <or=8-cell stage by day 4 were not affected by lack of BSA in the medium, but increased numbers of blastocysts developed in medium supplemented with BSA from days 1 or 4 with or without HA than in medium that had HA only. Addition of both HA and BSA at day 4 increased mtDNA copy numbers at the blastocyst stage. Data suggest that the addition of BSA and/or HA at 96 hpi increased expression of RHAMM and Has2 genes, but not CD44, Has1 or Has3 genes. Higher expression levels of Has2 than Has1 and the three isoforms indicate that high- rather than low-molecular-weight HA should be used for preimplantation bovine embryo culture.
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Differing sperm ability to penetrate the oocyte in vivo and in vitro as revealed using colloidal preparations. Theriogenology 2009; 72:1171-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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YAMANAKA KI, SUGIMURA S, WAKAI T, KAWAHARA M, SATO E. Difference in Sensitivity to Culture Condition Between In Vitro Fertilized and Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos in Pigs. J Reprod Dev 2009; 55:299-304. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.20174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi YAMANAKA
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Satoshi SUGIMURA
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Takuya WAKAI
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts
| | - Manabu KAWAHARA
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
- Laboratory of Animal Resource Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University
| | - Eimei SATO
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
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26
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Lin L, Du Y, Liu Y, Kragh PM, Li J, Purup S, Kuwayama M, Zhang X, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G. Elevated NaCl concentration improves cryotolerance and developmental competence of porcine oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18:360-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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27
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Lin L, Kragh PM, Purup S, Kuwayama M, Du Y, Zhang X, Yang H, Bolund L, Callesen H, Vajta G. Osmotic stress induced by sodium chloride, sucrose or trehalose improves cryotolerance and developmental competence of porcine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009; 21:338-44. [DOI: 10.1071/rd08145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of porcine oocytes to increased concentrations of NaCl prior to manipulation has been reported not only to increase cryotolerance after vitrification, but also to improve developmental competence after somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In the present study we compared the effects of NaCl with those of concentrated solutions of two non-permeable osmotic agents, namely sucrose and trehalose, on the cryotolerance and developmental competence of porcine oocytes. In Experiment 1, porcine in vitro-matured cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs; n = 1200) were exposed to 588 mOsmol NaCl, sucrose or trehalose solutions for 1 h, allowed to recover for a further 1 h, vitrified, warmed and subjected to parthenogenetic activation. Both Day 2 (where Day 0 is the day of activation) cleavage and Day 7 blastocyst rates were significantly increased after NaCl, sucrose and trehalose osmotic treatments compared with untreated controls (cleavage: 46 ± 5%, 44 ± 7%, 45 ± 4% and 26 ± 6%, respectively; expanded blastocyst rate: 6 ± 1%, 6 ± 2%, 7 ± 2% and 1 ± 1%, respectively). In Experiment 2, COCs (n = 2000) were treated with 588 mOsmol NaCl, sucrose or trehalose, then used as recipients for SCNT (Day 0). Cleavage rates on Day 1 did not differ between the NaCl-, sucrose-, trehalose-treated and the untreated control groups (92 ± 3%, 95 ± 3%, 92 ± 2% and 94 ± 2%, respectively), but blastocyst rates on Day 6 were higher in all treated groups compared with control (64 ± 2%, 69 ± 5%, 65 ± 3% and 47 ± 4%, respectively). Cell numbers of Day 6 blastocysts were higher in the control and NaCl-treated groups compared with the sucrose- and trehalose-treated groups. In conclusion, treatment of porcine oocytes with osmotic stress improved developmental competence after vitrification combined with parthenogenetic activation, as well as after SCNT.
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28
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Du Y, Lin L, Schmidt M, Bøgh IB, Kragh PM, Sørensen CB, Li J, Purup S, Pribenszky C, Molnár M, Kuwayama M, Zhang X, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G. High hydrostatic pressure treatment of porcine oocytes before handmade cloning improves developmental competence and cryosurvival. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2008; 10:325-30. [PMID: 18479211 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2007.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An innovative technique, called the high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment, has been recently reported to improve the cryosurvival of gametes or embryos in certain mammalian species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo developmental competence and cryotolerance of embryos produced by handmade cloning (HMC) after pressure treatment of recipient oocytes. In vitro-matured porcine oocytes were treated with a sublethal hydrostatic pressure of 20 MPa (200 times greater than atmospheric pressure) and recovered for either 1 or 2 h (HHP1 and HHP2 groups, respectively) before they were used for HMC. After 7 days of in vitro culture, blastocyst rates and mean cell numbers were determined. Randomly selected blastocysts were vitrified with the Cryotop method based on minimum volume cooling procedure. The blastocyst rate was higher in the HHP2 group than in the control group (68.2 +/- 4.1% vs. 46.4 +/- 4.2%; p < 0.01), while there was no difference between HHP1 and control group (52.1 +/- 1.2% vs. 49.0 +/- 2.7%; p > 0.05). Similar mean cell numbers of produced blastocysts were obtained in HHP2 and control groups (56 +/- 4 vs. 49 +/- 5; p > 0.05). Subsequent blastocyst vitrification with the Cryotop method resulted in significantly higher survival rate after thawing in the HHP2 group than in the control group (61.6 +/- 4.0% vs. 30.2 +/- 30.9%; p < 0.01). Fifty-six and 57 day 5 to day 7 fresh blastocysts in HHP1 group were transferred into two recipient sows on day 5 of the estrous cycle. One recipient was diagnosed pregnant and gave birth to two healthy piglets by naturally delivery on day 122 of gestation. This pilot study proved that the sublethal HHP treatment of porcine oocytes before HMC results in improved in vitro developmental competence and cryotolerance, and supports embryonic and fetal development as well as pregnancy establishment and maintenance up to the birth of healthy piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Du
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Aarhus, Tjele, Denmark
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29
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Gupta MK, Uhm SJ, Lee SH, Lee HT. Role of nonessential amino acids on porcine embryos produced by parthenogenesis or somatic cell nuclear transfer. Mol Reprod Dev 2008; 75:588-97. [PMID: 17886265 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids play a multitude of roles during early embryonic development and have been demonstrated to facilitate improved development of in vivo or in vitro fertilized and parthenogenetic embryos in several species. However, review of emerging literatures, shows that culture milieu of cloned embryos might be different from those of in vitro fertilized embryos. This study therefore, evaluated the effect of nonessential amino acids (NEAA) on yield and quality of porcine embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and compared them with parthenogenetic embryos as control. Analysis showed that, supplementation of NEAA to culture medium significantly improved the blastocyst rate of parthenogenetic (38.9 +/- 8.8 vs. 27.5 +/- 9.0%) as well as SCNT (22.5 +/- 2.2 vs. 13.8 +/- 3.4%) embryos although cleavage rates were not different (P < 0.05). These blastocysts also had higher hatching ability and contained higher cell number than control blastocysts (P < 0.05). TUNEL labeling revealed that blastocysts cultured in the presence of NEAA were less predisposed to biochemical apoptosis and showed lower indices of TUNEL, fragmentation, and total apoptosis than those cultured in the absence of NEAA (P < 0.05). Real-time qRT-PCR analysis further revealed that NEAA decreased the expression ratio of BAX:BCL-xL and enhanced the relative abundance of IGF2 transcripts. Therefore, our study suggests that NEAA improves the yield and quality of cloned porcine embryos by enhancing blastocyst expansion, hatching, and total cell number and decreasing the apoptosis by positively modulating the expression of embryo survival related genes, similar to those reported for in vivo or in vitro fertilized embryos. Nonessential amino acids improve the yield and quality of cloned and parthenogenetic porcine embryos and modulate the expression of embryo survival related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Organ Research Center, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Yoshioka K, Suzuki C, Onishi A. Defined system for in vitro production of porcine embryos using a single basic medium. J Reprod Dev 2008; 54:208-13. [PMID: 18408352 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.20001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously indicated that porcine blastocysts can be produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) in chemically defined porcine gamete medium (PGM) and porcine zygote medium (PZM)-5, respectively, In the present study, the effects of basic media and macromolecular components on in vitro maturation (IVM) were investigated to develop a defined system for in vitro embryo production using a single basic medium through IVM, IVF and IVC. Porcine immature oocytes were matured in porcine oocyte medium (POM) or modified North Carolina State University (mNCSU) 37, which were supplemented with either 10% (v/v) porcine follicular fluid (pFF) or 3 mg/ml polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a macromolecular component (designated POM+pFF, POM+PVA, mNCSU37+pFF and mNCSU37+PVA). In the maturation with mNCSU37+PVA, the percentages of oocytes that reached the metaphase II stages were significantly lower than those in the other treatments. Following IVM with the above media, oocytes were treated with an electrical stimulus and cycloheximide for parthenogenetic activation and were cultured in PZM-5 for 5 days. The rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation of parthenogenetic oocytes were significantly lowered for maturation with mNCSU37+PVA compared with the other treatments, while there were no significant differences in the total numbers of cells in blastocysts among the treatments. Following IVF and IVC, the rates of penetration, male pronucleus formation, cleavage and blastocyst formation were significantly lower when oocytes were matured in mNCSU37+PVA than in other maturation media. The normal fertilization rate was significantly higher in POM+PVA compared with the other treatments, although the total number of cells in blastocysts was reduced with the addition of PVA to both POM and mNCSU37 compared with pFF supplementation. These results demonstrate that porcine blastocysts can be produced by the defined system using a single basic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yoshioka
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Glutamine and hypotaurine improves intracellular oxidative status and in vitro development of porcine preimplantation embryos. ZYGOTE 2008; 15:317-24. [PMID: 17967211 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199407004273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed an in vitro-production system for porcine embryos and reported that the addition of glutamine (Gln) and hypotaurine (HT) during in vitro culture improved embryo development. This study examined the effects of Gln and HT on in vitro development, intracellular oxidative status and DNA damage of porcine preimplantation embryos. Porcine zygotes produced by in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) were cultured until day 2 (day 0 = day of IVF) in porcine zygote medium (PZM) including 2 mM Gln and 5 mM HT, namely PZM-5. On day 2, the cleaved embryos were selected and cultured for 24 h in PZM-5 to which one of the following substances was added: (1) none (control); (2) Gln; (3) HT; or (4) Gln + HT. After 24 h of culture in each medium, the embryos were then returned to PZM-5 and cultured until day 5. Day-5 blastocyst yield was significantly higher in the Gln and Gln + HT groups (p < 0.05) than in the control and HT groups. In addition, Gln + HT significantly increased the total number of cells in blastocysts (p < 0.05) compared with the control. Although the number of cells and the intracellular GSH levels in day-3 cleaved embryos did not differ among treatments, addition of Gln, HT or Gln + HT significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the intracellular H2O2 content and the extent of DNA damage compared with the control. These results indicate that the presence of Gln and HT in PZM-5 from day 2 to day 3 promotes the development of porcine embryos by improvement of intracellular oxidative status.
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