1
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Park S, Lee H. Molecular data representation based on gene embeddings for cancer drug response prediction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21898. [PMID: 38081928 PMCID: PMC10713675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug response prediction is a crucial task in precision medicine, but existing models have limitations in effectively representing molecular profiles of cancer cells. Specifically, when these models represent molecular omics data such as gene expression, they employ a one-hot encoding-based approach, where a fixed gene set is selected for all samples and omics data values are assigned to specific positions in a vector. However, this approach restricts the utilization of embedding-vector-based methods, such as attention-based models, and limits the flexibility of gene selection. To address these issues, our study proposes gene embedding-based fully connected neural networks (GEN) that utilizes gene embedding vectors as input data for cancer drug response prediction. The GEN allows for the use of embedding-vector-based architectures and different gene sets for each sample, providing enhanced flexibility. To validate the efficacy of GEN, we conducted experiments on three cancer drug response datasets. Our results demonstrate that GEN outperforms other recently developed methods in cancer drug prediction tasks and offers improved gene representation capabilities. All source codes are available at https://github.com/DMCB-GIST/GEN/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Park
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
- Artificial Intelligence Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Moon S, Hwang S, Kim B, Lee S, Kim H, Lee G, Hong K, Song H, Choi Y. Hippo Signaling in the Endometrium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073852. [PMID: 35409214 PMCID: PMC8998929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The uterus is essential for embryo implantation and fetal development. During the estrous cycle, the uterine endometrium undergoes dramatic remodeling to prepare for pregnancy. Angiogenesis is an essential biological process in endometrial remodeling. Steroid hormones regulate the series of events that occur during such remodeling. Researchers have investigated the potential factors, including angiofactors, involved in endometrial remodeling. The Hippo signaling pathway discovered in the 21st century, plays important roles in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation and cell death. However, its role in the endometrium remains unclear. In this review, we describe the female reproductive system and its association with the Hippo signaling pathway, as well as novel Hippo pathway genes and potential target genes.
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3
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Use of cucurbitacins for lung cancer research and therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:1-14. [PMID: 33825035 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As the main substance in some traditional Chinese medicines, cucurbitacins have been used to treat hepatitis for decades in China. Currently, the use of cucurbitacins against cancer and other diseases has achieved towering popularity among researchers worldwide, as detailed in this review with summarized tables. Numerous studies have reported the potential tumor-killing activities of cucurbitacins in multiple aspects of human malignancies. Continuous research on its anticancer activity mechanisms also brings a glimmer of light to the treatment of patients with lung cancer. In line with the promising roles of cucurbitacins against cancer, through various molecular signaling pathways, it is justifiable to propose the use of cucurbitacins as a potential mainline chemotherapy before the onset and after the diagnosis of lung cancers. Here, this article mainly summarized the findings about the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of cucurbitacins on lung cancer pathogenesis and treatment. In addition, we also discussed the safety and efficacy of their application for further research and even clinical practice.
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Cysteine-Rich Angiogenic Inducer 61: Pro-Survival Function and Role as a Biomarker for Disseminating Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030563. [PMID: 33540545 PMCID: PMC7867178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer, and it can be predicted by the detection of circulating tumor cells in the blood and disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow, which are usually detected by epithelial marker proteins. However, tumor cells with mesenchymal attributes down-regulate the expression of epithelial marker proteins, and are therefore difficult to detect. Here, we found that the protein-cysteine–rich angiogenetic inducer 61 (Cyr61) is strongly expressed in tumor cells with mesenchymal attributes. Cyr61 expression was undetectable in normal blood cells, suggesting that Cyr61 might represent a tumor-associated protein. Functional experiments showed that the loss of Cyr61 reduces the viability of breast tumor cells. Thus, Cyr61 might represent an interesting anti-metastatic target that needs to be explored in future studies. Abstract (1) Background: the early detection of cancer cells in the blood or bone marrow of breast cancer patients improves the understanding of metastasis. Disseminating tumor cells in the bone marrow with a pronounced manifestation of mesenchymal markers (mDTC) are difficult to detect by epithelial markers, but they are relevant in the initiation of metastasis. (2) Methods: the breast cancer mDTC cell line BC-M1 was analyzed by mass spectrometry, which revealed high levels of the protein-cysteine–rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61). The function of Cyr61 was investigated using shRNA and hypoxia. Peripheral blood samples from 35 breast cancer patients were investigated for CTCs defined as cytokeratin-positive/CD45-negative cells. (3) Results: the Cyr61 levels are elevated in mDTC lines from breast, lung, and prostate cancer patients. The loss of Cyr61 resulted in the diminished expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, and increased apoptosis. Cyr61 was present in 47 (43%) of the 109 detected circulating tumor cells (CTCs), while the blood and bone marrow cells from healthy controls were Cyr61-negative. (4) Conclusions: Cyr61 is expressed in mDTC lines, supports the viability of cancer cells, and classifies a new subset of cytokeratin-positive CTCs, which deserves further investigation.
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5
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Shehata WA, Maraee AH, Abdo EE, Hemida AS. Role of CYR61 in psoriatic lesional and perilesional skin: A clinical and immunohistochemical study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:2981-2988. [PMID: 33484099 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is considered as an immune-mediated disorder with significant epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), known as CCN family member 1 (CCN1), plays an important role in cell proliferation and neovascularization which may trigger psoriasis development. AIMS This study aimed to assess the immunostaining of CYR61 in psoriatic skin (lesional and perilesional) compared to control skin. PATIENTS/METHODS This is a case-control study. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was used to evaluate disease severity. A punch biopsy was taken from psoriatic skin lesions (30), perilesional (30) skin, and matched site of controls (20). The pathological and immunostaining assessments of CYR61 were conducted. RESULTS There was a significant gradual progressive overexpression of CYR61 in keratinocytes from control skin to perilesional and lesional psoriatic skin (P = .00). Moreover, lesional psoriatic skin showed overexpression of CYR61 in inflammatory cells in the dermis than controls. CYR61 expression (lesional epidermis) revealed a significant positive correlation with the PASI score (r = .63; P = .00). There was a significant relationship between intensity and H-core of CYR61 in the lesional psoriatic epidermis with joint affection. CONCLUSION CYR61 may trigger epidermal hyperplasia and potentiate inflammatory infiltration in psoriasis vulgaris patients, and therapies targeting CYR61 may be effective in the management of psoriasis vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Ahmed Shehata
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology & STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Alaa Hassan Maraee
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology & STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Eman Essam Abdo
- Health Sector, Ministry of Health & Population, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Aiat Shaban Hemida
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
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6
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Bartkowiak K, Casjens S, Andreas A, Ačkar L, Joosse SA, Raiko I, Brüning T, Geffken M, Peine S, Johnen G, Weber DG, Pantel K. Sensitive Blood-Based Detection of Asbestos-Associated Diseases Using Cysteine-Rich Angiogenic Inducer 61 as Circulating Protein Biomarker. Clin Chem 2020; 67:363-373. [PMID: 33336248 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of asbestos-associated diseases like asbestosis or mesothelioma is still challenging. We sought to improve the diagnosis of benign asbestos-associated disease (BAAD) by detection of the protein cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) in human plasma. METHODS Plasma Cyr61 was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma samples from males diagnosed with BAAD, but without a malignant disease (n = 101), and malignant mesothelioma (n = 21; 15 males, 6 females), as well as nonasbestos-exposed healthy control participants (n = 150; 58 males, 92 females) were analyzed. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of Cyr61 were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS The median plasma Cyr61 concentration for healthy control participants was 0.27 ng/mL. Cytoplasmic Cyr61 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy control participants was evenly distributed, as detected by immunofluorescent staining. The increase in plasma Cyr61 concentrations in the BAAD study group was statistically significant compared to the healthy control participants (P < 0.0001). For the detection of BAAD vs male healthy control participants, clinical sensitivity was 88% and clinical specificity 95% with an area under the curve of 0.924 at maximal Youden Index. For a predefined clinical specificity of 100%, the clinical sensitivity was 76%. For male mesothelioma patients vs male healthy control participants, the clinical sensitivity at maximal Youden Index was 95% with a clinical specificity of 100% (area under the curve, 0.997) and for a predefined clinical specificity of 100%, the clinical sensitivity was 93%. CONCLUSIONS In our study, plasma Cyr61 protein concentrations showed to be a new biomarker for asbestos-associated diseases like BAAD and mesothelioma in men, which deserves further investigation in large-scale cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bartkowiak
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Swaantje Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Antje Andreas
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucija Ačkar
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Joosse
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irina Raiko
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Maria Geffken
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Gilbert Weber
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Yang R, Chen Y, Chen D. Biological functions and role of CCN1/Cyr61 in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis in the female reproductive system (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3-10. [PMID: 29115499 PMCID: PMC5780141 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CCN1/Cyr61) is a prompt response transcription product activated by growth factors. As a member of the CCN family, it mediates cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion and synthesis of the extracellular matrix by binding directly to the integrins and heparin sulfate proteoglycans or activating multiple signaling transduction pathways. It has previously been demonstrated that CCN1/Cyr61 exhibits an important role in the female reproductive system during embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, the functions of CCN1/Cyr61 in the female reproductive system have not been systematically investigated, therefore, the primary aim of the present review is to introduce the role and function of CCN1/Cyr61 in the female reproductive system. The current review presents the molecular structure and biological function of CCN1/Cyr61 and provides detailed data on its expression pattern and contribution to the female reproductive system, including the role in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
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Hsiao KY, Chang N, Tsai JL, Lin SC, Tsai SJ, Wu MH. Hypoxia-inhibited DUSP2 expression promotes IL-6/STAT3 signaling in endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28440564 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM How does hypoxia-mediated downregulation of dual-specificity phosphatase-2 (DUSP2) promote the development of endometriotic lesions? METHOD OF STUDY The levels of IL-6 and DUSP2 were assessed in eutopic stromal cells with DUSP2 knockdown or hypoxia treatment. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation was applied for evaluating cell proliferation. The protein levels of DUSP2, cleaved caspase-3, phosphorylated STAT3, and STAT3 were analyzed using immunoblot. RESULTS The genomewide analysis of cells with DUSP2 overexpression indicated IL-6 regulates multiple pathways related to inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. DUSP2 overexpression significantly suppressed IL-6 expression, while DUSP2 knockdown promoted IL-6 expression. The hypoxia-treated eutopic stromal cells expressed higher levels of IL-6, recapitulating the elevated levels of IL-6 in ectopic stromal cells. The treatment with IL-6 elicited the phosphorylation of STAT3, mimicking the elevated levels of phosphorylated STAT3 in the ectopic stromal cells. The IL-6-treated eutopic stromal cells showed more BrdU incorporation and less cleaved caspase-3, which can be reversed by STAT3 inhibitor. CONCLUSION Hypoxia-induced IL-6 production in endometriotic lesions is mediated via downregulation of DUSP2, which causes aberrant activation of STAT3 signaling pathway and helps the endometriotic cells survive under the ectopic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Yang Hsiao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ning Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Jenq Tsai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsing Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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9
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Thakur R, Mishra DP. Matrix reloaded: CCN, tenascin and SIBLING group of matricellular proteins in orchestrating cancer hallmark capabilities. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 168:61-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Liu F, Lv X, Yu H, Xu P, Ma R, Zou K. In search of key genes associated with endometriosis using bioinformatics approach. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 194:119-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Sun Y, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Wu P, Huo R, Wang B, Shen Z, Li H, Zhai T, Shen B, Chen X, Li N. CCN1, a Pro-Inflammatory Factor, Aggravates Psoriasis Skin Lesions by Promoting Keratinocyte Activation. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2666-2675. [PMID: 26099024 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is multifactorial and is not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that CCN1 (also called Cyr61, which is short for cysteine-rich 61), an extracellular matrix protein that is also considered a pro-inflammatory factor, is highly expressed in the lesional skin of psoriasis patients, as well as in that of imiquimod (IMQ)- and IL-23-treated psoriasis-like mice. Then we show that blocking CCN1 function in vivo attenuates epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation in psoriasis-like mice. Further, in primary cultured normal human keratinocytes and HaCaT (human keratinocyte cell line) cells, CCN1 promotes keratinocyte activation, including the proliferation and expression of immune-related molecules. Finally, we observe that integrin α6β1 is the receptor of CCN1 in keratinocytes, and CCN1 stimulation activates the downstream phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings reveal that CCN1 has a critical role in psoriasis pathogenesis. Moreover, as CCN1 is a secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, our study also provides evidence that ECM, which is involved in psoriatic pathogenesis, could be a potent target for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinru Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Dermatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongfen Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyu Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huidan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhang Zhai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baihua Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ningli Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Chin LH, Hsu SP, Zhong WB, Liang YC. Involvement of cysteine-rich protein 61 in the epidermal growth factor-induced migration of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:622-32. [PMID: 25773758 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is among the most aggressive types of malignant cancer. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ATC, and patients with thyroid carcinoma typically exhibit increased cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61). In this study, we found that EGF treatment induced cell migration, stress fiber formation, Cyr61 mRNA and protein expressions, and Cyr61 protein secretion in ATC cells. The recombinant Cyr61 protein significantly induced cell migration; however, inhibition of Cyr61 activity by a Cyr61-specific antibody abrogated EGF-induced cell migration. EGF treatment also affected epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related marker protein expression, as evidenced by an increase in vimentin and a decrease in E-cadherin expression. Inhibition of Cyr61 expression by Cyr61 siRNA decreased cell migration and reversed the EMT-related marker protein expression. EGF treatment increased the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and finally activated Cyr61 promoter plasmid activity. Our results suggest that Cyr61 is induced by EGF through the ERK/CREB signal pathway and that it plays a crucial role in the migration and invasion of ATC cells; moreover, Cyr61 might be a therapeutic target for metastatic ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Zhong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Skowronki K, Andrews J, Rodenhiser DI, Coomber BL. Genome-wide analysis in human colorectal cancer cells reveals ischemia-mediated expression of motility genes via DNA hypomethylation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103243. [PMID: 25079072 PMCID: PMC4117527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA hypomethylation is an important epigenetic modification found to occur in many different cancer types, leading to the upregulation of previously silenced genes and loss of genomic stability. We previously demonstrated that hypoxia and hypoglycaemia (ischemia), two common micro-environmental changes in solid tumours, decrease DNA methylation through the downregulation of DNMTs in human colorectal cancer cells. Here, we utilized a genome-wide cross-platform approach to identify genes hypomethylated and upregulated by ischemia. Following exposure to hypoxia or hypoglycaemia, methylated DNA from human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) was immunoprecipitated and analysed with an Affymetrix promoter array. Additionally, RNA was isolated and analysed in parallel with an Affymetrix expression array. Ingenuity pathway analysis software revealed that a significant proportion of the genes hypomethylated and upregulated were involved in cellular movement, including PLAUR and CYR61. A Matrigel invasion assay revealed that indeed HCT116 cells grown in hypoxic or hypoglycaemic conditions have increased mobility capabilities. Confirmation of upregulated expression of cellular movement genes was performed with qPCR. The correlation between ischemia and metastasis is well established in cancer progression, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for this common observation have not been clearly identified. Our novel data suggests that hypoxia and hypoglycaemia may be driving changes in DNA methylation through downregulation of DNMTs. This is the first report to our knowledge that provides an explanation for the increased metastatic potential seen in ischemic cells; i.e. that ischemia could be driving DNA hypomethylation and increasing expression of cellular movement genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Skowronki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Andrews
- Departments of Biochemistry, Oncology and Paediatrics; University of Western Ontario; London Regional Cancer Centre and Children’s Health Research Institute; London, ON, Canada
| | - David I. Rodenhiser
- Departments of Biochemistry, Oncology and Paediatrics; University of Western Ontario; London Regional Cancer Centre and Children’s Health Research Institute; London, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda L. Coomber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph, ON, Canada
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