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Ma X, Wu L, Wang Y, Han S, El-Dalatony MM, Feng F, Tao Z, Yu L, Wang Y. Diet and human reproductive system: Insight of omics approaches. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1368-1384. [PMID: 35592285 PMCID: PMC9094499 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and lifestyle have a great impact on reproduction and infertility in humans, as they are essential for certain processes such as implantation, placental growth, angiogenesis, and the transfer of nutrients from the mother to the fetus. The aim of this review is to provide the interconnection between nutrition and reproductive health through the insight of omics approaches (including metabolomics and nutrigenomics). The effect of various macronutrients, micronutrients, and some food‐associated components on male and female reproduction was discussed. Recent research work was collected through database search from 2010 to 2020 to identify eligible studies. Alterations of metabolic pathways in pregnant women were deliberated with an emphasis on different strategies of lifestyle and dietary interventions. Several nutritional methods, which are important for embryonic and child neurological development, nutritional supplements to lactation, and improved gestational length along with birth weight have been emphasized. Considerable advances in omics strategies show potential technological development for improving human reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ma
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou China.,Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Reproductive Medicine Transformation Application Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo Lanzhou China
| | - Luming Wu
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Yinxue Wang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Shiqiang Han
- Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture Maternity and Childcare Hospital Linxia China
| | - Marwa M El-Dalatony
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Reproductive Medicine Transformation Application Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo Lanzhou China
| | - Fei Feng
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Zhongbin Tao
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Liulin Yu
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou China.,Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Reproductive Medicine Transformation Application Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo Lanzhou China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou China.,Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Reproductive Medicine Transformation Application Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo Lanzhou China
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2
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Ott TL. An interview with Dr Fuller Warren Bazer. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:248-251. [PMID: 33274359 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Troy L Ott
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
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3
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Proteomic analysis of sheep uterus reveals its role in prolificacy. J Proteomics 2019; 210:103526. [PMID: 31605788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Small Tail Han sheep have attracted attention for their high fecundity and year-round estrus. However, the molecular mechanisms of this fecundity are unknown. Polymorphism of the FecB gene has been shown to be associated with the ovulation rate and litter size in sheep. In this study, we used tandem mass tag quantitative proteomic techniques to identify the differentially abundant proteins in polytocous and monotocous Small Tail Han sheep (FecB++) uterine tissues in the follicular and luteal phases. In total, 41 and 43 differentially abundant proteins were identified in the follicular and luteal phases, respectively. Correlation analysis between the transcriptome and proteome revealed a positive correlation at the two omics levels of prolificacy. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that the mRNAs and proteins upregulated in the polytocous group relative to the monotocous group are involved in sphingolipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and may be important in maintaining uterine functions and increasing the embryo survival rate during the estrus cycle of polytocous sheep. In conclusion, our work provides a prospective understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the high prolificacy of Small Tail Han sheep. SIGNIFICANCE: Fecundity critically affects the profitability of sheep production, but the genetic mechanism of high-prolificacy is still unclear in sheep. We identified potential signaling pathways and differentially abundant proteins associated with reproductive performance through a combination of sheep uterus tissues proteome and transcriptome analyses. These findings will facilitate a better revealing the mechanism and provide possible targets for molecular design breeding for the formation of polytocous traits in sheep.
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Ji Y, Guo Q, Yin Y, Blachier F, Kong X. Dietary proline supplementation alters colonic luminal microbiota and bacterial metabolite composition between days 45 and 70 of pregnancy in Huanjiang mini-pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:18. [PMID: 29423216 PMCID: PMC5789534 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy is associated with important changes in gut microbiota composition. Dietary factors may affect the diversity, composition, and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota. Among amino acids, proline is known to play important roles in protein metabolism and structure, cell differentiation, conceptus growth and development, and gut microbiota re-equilibration in case of dysbiosis. Results Dietary supplementation with 1% proline decreased (P < 0.05) the amounts of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Peptostreptococcus productus, Pseudomonas, and Veillonella spp. in distal colonic contents than that in the control group. The colonic contents of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Bifidobacterium sp., Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella increased (P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy as compared with those on d 45 of pregnancy. The colonic concentrations of acetate, total straight-chain fatty acid, and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the proline-supplemented group were lower (P < 0.05), and butyrate level (P = 0.06) decreased as compared with the control group. Almost all of the SCFA displayed higher (P < 0.05) concentrations in proximal colonic contents on d 70 of pregnancy than those on d 45 of pregnancy. The concentrations of 1,7-heptyl diamine (P = 0.09) and phenylethylamine (P < 0.05) in proximal colonic contents were higher, while those of spermidine (P = 0.05) and total bioamine (P = 0.06) tended to be lower in the proline-supplemented group than those in the control group. The concentrations of spermidine, spermine, and total bioamine in colonic contents were higher (P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy than those measured on d 45 of pregnancy. In contrast, the concentration of phenylethylamine was lower (P < 0.05) on d 70 than on d 45 of pregnancy. Conclusion These findings indicate that L-proline supplementation modifies both the colonic microbiota composition and the luminal concentrations of several bacterial metabolites. Furthermore, our data show that both the microbiota composition and the concentrations of bacterial metabolites are evolving in the course of pregnancy. These results are discussed in terms of possible implication in terms of luminal environment and consequences for gut physiology and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Ji
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Yulong Yin
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China.,Research Center of Mini-pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosysterms, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100 China
| | - Francois Blachier
- UMR 914 INRA/AgroParisTech/Universite Paris-Sacaly, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China.,Research Center of Mini-pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosysterms, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100 China
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Ribeiro ES, Greco LF, Bisinotto RS, Lima FS, Thatcher WW, Santos JE. Biology of Preimplantation Conceptus at the Onset of Elongation in Dairy Cows1. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:97. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.134908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Parraguez VH, Mamani S, Cofré E, Castellaro G, Urquieta B, De los Reyes M, Astiz S, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Disturbances in Maternal Steroidogenesis and Appearance of Intrauterine Growth Retardation at High-Altitude Environments Are Established from Early Pregnancy. Effects of Treatment with Antioxidant Vitamins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140902. [PMID: 26560325 PMCID: PMC4641609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancies at high-altitudes are influenced by hypoxia and oxidative stress and frequently affected by IUGR. However, a common thought is that early pregnant women visiting altitude have no major complications for gestation development, since IUGR is developed during the second half of pregnancy. Thus, using a well-characterized sheep-model, we aimed to determine whether long- and/or short-term exposure to high-altitude may affect maternal steroidogenesis and therefore embryo-fetal growth from conception. The second aim was to differentiate the relative role of hypoxia and oxidative stress by assessing the effects of supplementation with antioxidant agents during this early-pregnancy stage, which were previously found to be useful to prevent IUGR. The results indicate that both long- and short-term exposure to high-altitude causes disturbances in maternal ovarian steroidogenesis and negatively affects embryo-fetal growth already during the very early stages of gestation, with the consequences being even worsened in newcomers to high-altitude. The supply of antioxidant during this period only showed discrete effects for preventing IUGR. In conclusion, the present study gives a warning for clinicians about the risks for early-pregnant women when visiting high-altitude regions and suggests the need for further studies on the effects of the length of exposure and on the interaction of the exposure with the pregnancy stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H. Parraguez
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, La Granja, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, La Granja, Santiago, Chile
- International Centre for Andean Studies, University of Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, La Granja, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Mamani
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, La Granja, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eileen Cofré
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, La Granja, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giorgio Castellaro
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, La Granja, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bessie Urquieta
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, La Granja, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica De los Reyes
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, La Granja, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susana Astiz
- Comparative Physiology Lab, SGIT-INIA, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Comparative Physiology Lab, SGIT-INIA, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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7
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Are animal models useful or confusing in understanding the human feto-maternal relationship? A debate. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 108:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Dai Z, Wu Z, Hang S, Zhu W, Wu G. Amino acid metabolism in intestinal bacteria and its potential implications for mammalian reproduction. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:389-409. [PMID: 25609213 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is vital for producing offspring and preserving genetic resources. However, incidences of many reproductive disorders (e.g. miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, premature delivery and lower sperm quality) have either increased dramatically or remained at high rates over the last decades. Mounting evidence shows a strong correlation between enteral protein nutrition and reproduction. Besides serving as major nutrients in the diet, amino acids (AA) are signaling molecules in the regulation of diverse physiological processes, ranging from spermatogenesis to oocyte fertilization and to embryo implantation. Notably, the numbers of bacteria in the intestine exceed the numbers of host cells by 10 times. Microbes in the small-intestinal lumen actively metabolize large amounts of dietary AA and, therefore, affect the entry of AA into the portal circulation for whole-body utilization. Changes in the composition and abundance of AA-metabolizing bacteria in the gut during pregnancy, as well as their translocation to the uterus, may alter uterine function and epigenetic modifications of maternal physiology and metabolism, which are crucial for pregnancy recognition and fetal development. Thus, the presence of the maternal gut microbiota and AA metabolites in the intrauterine environments (e.g. endometrium and placenta) and breast milk is likely a unique signature for the programming of the whole-body microbiome and metabolism in both the fetus and infant. Dietary intervention with functional AA, probiotics and prebiotics to alter the abundance and activity of intestinal bacteria may ameliorate or prevent the development of metabolic syndrome, while improving reproductive performance in both males and females as well as their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suqin Hang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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9
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Bazer FW. History of Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2015; 216:5-25. [PMID: 26450492 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15856-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism for signaling pregnancy recognition is highly variable among species, and the signaling molecule itself varies between estrogens in pigs to chorionic gonadotrophin in primates. This chapter provides insight into the menstrual cycle of women and estrous cycles of rodents, dog, cat, pigs, sheep, rabbits, and marsupials, as well as the hormones required for pregnancy recognition. Pregnancy recognition involves specific hormones such as prolactin in rodents or interferons in ruminants and estrogens in pigs that in their own way ensure the maintenance of the corpus luteum and its secretion of progesterone which is the hormone of pregnancy. However, these pregnancy recognition signals may also modify gene expression in a cell-specific and temporal manner to ensure the growth and development of the conceptus. This chapter provides some historical aspects of the development of understanding of mechanisms for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in several species of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA.
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10
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Bazer FW, Wu G, Johnson GA, Wang X. Environmental factors affecting pregnancy: endocrine disrupters, nutrients and metabolic pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 398:53-68. [PMID: 25224489 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Uterine adenogenesis, a unique post-natal event in mammals, is vulnerable to endocrine disruption by estrogens and progestins resulting in infertility or reduced prolificacy. The absence of uterine glands results in insufficient transport of nutrients into the uterine lumen to support conceptus development. Arginine, a component of histotroph, is substrate for production of nitric oxide, polyamines and agmatine and, with secreted phosphoprotein 1, it affects cytoskeletal organization of trophectoderm. Arginine is critical for development of the conceptus, pregnancy recognition signaling, implantation and placentation. Conceptuses of ungulates and cetaceans convert glucose to fructose which is metabolized via multiple pathways to support growth and development. However, high fructose corn syrup in soft drinks and foods may increase risks for metabolic disorders and increase insulin resistance in adults. Understanding endocrine disrupters and dietary substances, and novel pathways for nutrient metabolism during pregnancy can improve survival and growth, and prevent chronic metabolic diseases in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xiaoqiu Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Pugliesi G, Scolari SC, Mesquita FS, Maturana Filho M, Araújo ER, Cardoso D, Sales JN, Martin I, Sá Filho M, Bertan CM, Binelli M. Impact of probing the reproductive tract during early pregnancy on fertility of beef cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:e35-e39. [PMID: 24925165 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This short communication reports the impact of endometrial biopsies, uterine flushings and follicular fluid aspiration procedures at day 6 post artificial insemination (AI) on pregnancy rates. In Experiment 1, cows were timed AI (TAI) and assigned to the following treatment groups: control (n = 37), uterine flushing (n = 35) and endometrial biopsy (n = 38). On day 30 post AI, pregnancy rates were 40.5%, 33% and 28.5%, respectively (p > 0.1). Pregnancy rate on day 60 was lower (p < 0.004) in flushed cows than in the controls. In Experiment 2, oestrus was detected and cows were assigned to flushing (n = 32) or biopsy (n = 33) treatments 6 days after AI, which resulted in pregnancy rates of 31% and 36%, respectively (p > 0.1). In Experiment 3, cows were, 6 days after TAI, randomly assigned to the following treatments: control (n = 84) or aspiration of the largest follicle (n = 73). Pregnancy rates on day 30 post AI were 63.5% for the control group and 53% for the aspirated group (p > 0.1). In conclusion, uterine flushing and endometrial biopsy negatively affect pregnancy rates, but neither procedure can be considered to be incompatible with pregnancy maintenance. Follicular aspiration during pregnancy does not interact with pregnancy success. The amount and quality of samples obtained are compatible with the use of cellular and molecular analysis of uterine variables from cows that failed or succeeded on maintaining pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pugliesi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - S C Scolari
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - F S Mesquita
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - M Maturana Filho
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - E R Araújo
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - D Cardoso
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Polo Regional de Desenvolvimento do Extremo Oeste, Andradina, SP, Brazil
| | - J N Sales
- Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - I Martin
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, Brazil
| | - M Sá Filho
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Bertan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Núñez-Olivera R, de Castro T, García-Pintos C, Bó G, Piaggio J, Menchaca A. Ovulatory response and luteal function after eCG administration at the end of a progesterone and estradiol’ based treatment in postpartum anestrous beef cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 146:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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