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Bhat RA, Rafi H, Tardiolo G, Fazio F, Aragona F, Zumbo A, Coelho C, D'Alessandro E. The role of embryonic stem cells, transcription and growth factors in mammals: A review. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:102002. [PMID: 36549226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammals represent a relevant species in worldwide cultures with significant commercial value. These animals are considered an attractive large animal model for biomedical and biotechnology research. The development of large animal experimental models may open alternative strategies for investigating stem cells (SCs) physiology and potential application in the veterinary field. The embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are known to possess natural pluripotency that confers the ability to differentiate into various tissues in vivo and in vitro. These notable characteristics can be useful for research and innovative applications, including biomedicine, agriculture and industry. Transcription factors play a crucial role in preserving stem cell self-renewal, whereas growth factors are involved in both growth and differentiation. However, to date, many questions concerning pluripotency, cellular differentiation regulator genes, and other molecules such as growth factors and their interactions in many mammalian species remain unresolved. The purpose of this review is to provide an overall review regarding the study of ESCs in mammals and briefly discuss the role of transcription and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayees Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Humera Rafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Giuseppe Tardiolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Francesca Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zumbo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Clarisse Coelho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Enrico D'Alessandro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
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Feng D, Lin J, Wang W, Yan K, Liang H, Liang J, Yu H, Ling B. Wnt3a/β-Catenin/CBP Activation in the Progression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:609620. [PMID: 34257574 PMCID: PMC8262210 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.609620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Piwil2 reprograms HPV-infected reserve cells in the cervix into tumor-initiated cells (TICs) and upregulates Wnt3a expression sequentially, which leads to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and ultimately squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, little is known regarding Wnt signaling in the maintenance of TIC stemness during the progression of cervical lesions. We herein investigated the expression of canonical Wnt3a signaling and related genes by microarray data set analysis and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of samples obtained by biopsy of normal cervix, low- and high-grade CIN, and invasive SCC tissue. Array data analyzed by GEO2R showed higher expression levels of Wnt signaling and their target genes, significant upregulation of stemness-associated markers, and notably downregulated cell differentiation markers in CIN and SCC tissues compared with those in the normal cervix tissue. Further, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that Wnt pathway-related genes significantly enriched in SCC. IHC staining showed gradually increased immunoreactivity score of Wnt3a and CBP and notable translocation of β-catenin from the membrane to the cytoplasm and nucleus during the lesion progression. The intensity and proportion of P16, Ki67 and CK17 staining also increased with the progression of cervical lesions, whereas minimal to negative Involucrin expression was observed in CIN2/3 and SCC. Therefore, canonical Wnt signaling may contribute to the progression of CIN to SCC and may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keqin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Deng Y, Lao Y, Ruan Q, Zhang J, Luo C, Shi D, Lu F. Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Enhances the Derivation of Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cell-Like Cells. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:217-225. [PMID: 32673062 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency of human and mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibitor, the Wnt signaling agonist, could maintain the pluripotency of human and mouse ESCs in the presence of serum. However, the role of signaling pathway in the derivation of buffalo ESCs remains unclear. In this study, we used GSK3 inhibitors (6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime [BIO] and CHIR99021) and investigated the effect of Wnt/β-Catenin activation on colony formation, proliferation, self-renewal, and pluripotency of Chinese swamp buffalo (buffalo) embryonic stem cell-like cells (ES-like cells), which were isolated from blastocysts. The results showed that buffalo ES-like cells displayed typical morphological characteristics of pluripotent stem cells: positive for alkaline phosphatase staining, expression of pluripotent markers, including OCT4, SOX2, SSEA-1, SSEA-4, LIN28, CH1, NANOG, and the proliferative markers, PCNA and C-MYC. Furthermore, activation of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway by GSK3 inhibitors could promote colony formation and proliferation of buffalo ES-like cells and maintain their undifferentiated state, and upregulate the expression levels of pluripotent-related genes and proliferation-related genes. These results indicated that Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the derivation and pluripotency of buffalo ES-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Deng
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanping Lao
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuyan Ruan
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Chan Luo
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
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Singh B, Mal G, Kues WA, Yadav PS. The domesticated buffalo - An emerging model for experimental and therapeutic use of extraembryonic tissues. Theriogenology 2020; 151:95-102. [PMID: 32320839 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Large animals play important roles as model animals for biomedical sciences and translational research. The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an economically important, multipurpose livestock species. Important assisted reproduction techniques, such as in vitro fertilization, cryo-conservation of sperm and embryos, embryo transfer, somatic cell nuclear transfer, genetic engineering, and genome editing have been successfully applied to buffaloes. Recently, detailed whole genome data and transcriptome maps have been generated. In addition, rapid progress has been made in stem cell biology of the buffalo. Apart from embryonic stem cells, bubaline extra-embryonic stem cells have gained particular interest. The multipotency of non-embryonic stem cells has been revealed, and their utility in basic and applied research is currently investigated. In particular, success achieved in bubaline extra-embryonic stem cells may have important roles in experimental biology and therapeutic regenerative medicine. Progress in other farm animals in assisted reproduction techniques, stem cell biology and genetic engineering, which could be of importance for buffalo, will also be briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station Palampur, 176 061, India
| | - Gorakh Mal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station Palampur, 176 061, India
| | | | - Prem S Yadav
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India.
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Wei Q, Xi Q, Liu X, Meng K, Zhao X, Ma B. Characterization of goat inner cell mass derived cells in double kinase inhibition condition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:325-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zandi M, Shah SM, Muzaffar M, Kumar Singh M, Palta P, Kumar Singla S, Sham Manik R, Chauhan MS. Activation and Inhibition of The Wnt3A Signaling Pathway in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cells: Effects of WNT3A, Bio and Dkk1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:361-70. [PMID: 26644860 PMCID: PMC4671321 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research studies the effects of activation and inhibition of Wnt3A signaling pathway in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryonic stem (ES) cell-like cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS To carry on this experimental study, the effects of activation and inhibition of Wnt3A signaling in buffalo ES cell-like cells were examined using Bio (0.5 mM) combined with WNT3A (200 ng/ml), as an activator, and Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1, 250 ng/ml), as an inhibitor, of the pathway. ES cells were cultured up to three weeks in ES cell medium without fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), but in the presence of Bio, WNT3A, Bio+WNT3A and Dkk1. The effects of these supplements were measured on the mean area of ES cell colonies and on the expression levels of a number of important genes related to pluripotency (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and c-Myc) and the Wnt pathway (β-catenin). ES cell colonies cultured in ES cell medium that contained optimized quantities of LIF and FGF-2 were used as the control. Data were collected for week-1 and week-3 treated cultures. In addition, WNT3A-transfected ES cells were compared with the respective mock-transfected colonies, either alone or in combination with Dkk1 for expression of β-catenin and the pluripotency-related genes. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, and statistical significance was accepted at P<0.05. RESULTS Among various examined concentrations of Bio (0.5-5 mM), the optimum effect was observed at the 0.5 mM dose as indicated by colony area and expressions of pluripotency-related genes at both weeks-1 and -3 culture periods. At this concentration,the expressions of Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and β-catenin genes were nonsignificantly higher compared to the controls. Expressions of these genes were highest in the Bio+WNT3A treated group, followed by the WNT3A and Bio-supplemented groups, and lowest in the Dkk1-treated group. The WNT-transfected colonies showed higher expressions compared to both mock and Dkk1-treated mock transfected colonies. CONCLUSION WNT3A functions to maintain the pluripotency of ES cell-like cells both as an exogenous growth factor as well as an endogenously expressed gene. It complements the absence of FGF-2 and LIF, otherwise propounded essential for buffalo ES cell culture. WNT3A antagonizes the inhibitory effects of Dkk1 and acts in combination with its activator, Bio, to activate the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zandi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science and Fisheries, Agricultural Institute, Iranian Research Organisation for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Syed Mohamad Shah
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Musharifa Muzaffar
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Prabhat Palta
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Singla
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Radhey Sham Manik
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Manmohan Singh Chauhan
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
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Zandi M, Muzaffar M, Shah SM, Kumar Singh M, Palta P, Kumar Singla S, Manik R, Chauhan MS. Optimization of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cell Culture System. CELL JOURNAL 2015. [PMID: 26199905 PMCID: PMC4503840 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to retain an undifferentiated pluripotent state, embryonic stem (ES) cells have to be cultured on feeder cell layers. However, use of feeder layers limits stem cell research, since experimental data may result from a combined ES cell and feeder cell response to various stimuli. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, a buffalo ES cell line was established from in vitro derived blastocysts and characterized by the Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and immunoflourescence staining of various pluripotency markers. We examined the effect of various factors like fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and Y-27632 to support the growth and maintenance of bubaline ES cells on gelatin coated dishes, in order to establish feeder free culture systems. We also analyzed the effect of feeder-conditioned media on stem cell growth in gelatin based cultures both in the presence as well as in the absence of the growth factors. RESULTS The results showed that Y-27632, in the presence of FGF-2 and LIF, resulted in higher colony growth and increased expression of Nanog gene. Feeder-Conditioned Medium resulted in a significant increase in growth of buffalo ES cells on gelatin coated plates, however, feeder layer based cultures produced better results than gelatin based cultures. Feeder layers from buffalo fetal fibroblast cells can support buffalo ES cells for more than two years. CONCLUSION We developed a feeder free culture system that can maintain buffalo ES cells in the short term, as well as feeder layer based culture that can support the long term maintenance of buffalo ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zandi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science and Fisheries, Agricultural Institute, Iranian Research Organisation for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Musharifa Muzaffar
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Syed Mohmad Shah
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Prabhat Palta
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Singla
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Radheysham Manik
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Manmohan Singh Chauhan
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
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Shah SM, Saini N, Ashraf S, Zandi M, Manik RS, Singla SK, Palta P, Chauhan MS. Development, Characterization, and Pluripotency Analysis of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from In Vitro-Fertilized, Hand-Guided Cloned, and Parthenogenetic Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2015; 17:306-22. [PMID: 26168169 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the derivation, characterization, and pluripotency analysis of three buffalo embryonic stem cell (buESC) lines, from in vitro-fertilized, somatic cell nuclear-transferred, and parthenogenetic blastocysts. These cell lines were developed for later differentiation into germ lineage cells and elucidation of the signaling pathways involved. The cell lines were established from inner cell masses (ICMs) that were isolated manually from the in vitro-produced blastocysts. Most of the ICMs (45-55%) resulted in formation of primary colonies that were subcultured after 8-10 days, leading subsequently to the formation of three buESC lines, one from each blastocyst type. All the cell lines expressed stem cell markers, such as Alkaline Phosphatase, OCT4, NANOG, SSEA1, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, SOX2, REX1, CD-90, STAT3, and TELOMERASE. They differentiated into all three germ layers as determined by ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal RNA and protein markers. All of the cell lines showed equal expression of pluripotency markers as well as equivalent differentiation potential into all the three germ layers. The static suspension culture-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) showed greater expression of all the three germ layer markers as compared to hanging drop culture-derived EBs. When analyzed for germ layer marker expression, EBs derived from 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS)-based spontaneous differentiation medium showed greater differentiation across all the three germ layers as compared to those derived from Knock-Out Serum Replacement (KoSR)-based differentiation medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohmad Shah
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Saini
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Syma Ashraf
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammad Zandi
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Radhey Sham Manik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Singla
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhat Palta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manmohan Singh Chauhan
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
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