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Dehghan Harati HR, Mobedi E, Allahyari I, Gharagozlou F, Vojgani M, Hemmati Baghbanani R, Akbarinejad A, Akbarinejad V. Developmental programming of production and reproduction in dairy cows: III. Association of level of maternal milk production with offspring's birth weight, survival, productive and reproductive performance and AMH concentration from birth to the first lactation period. Theriogenology 2024; 216:155-167. [PMID: 38183932 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Although some studies investigated the relationship of dam milk production (DMP) with offspring birth weight and productive performance, limited information is available on the association of level of DMP with reproductive performance in dairy cows. Therefore, the present study was conducted to understand whether dams with various levels of milk production produce offspring with different fertility. In study I, offspring were classified based on the level of DMP into five categories, including DMP1 (dams with <10.00 × 103 kg of 305-day milk production), DMP2 (dams with ≥10.00 × 103 kg and <12.00 × 103 kg of 305-day milk production), DMP3 (dams with ≥12.00 × 103 kg and <14.00 × 103 kg of 305-day milk production), DMP4 (dams with ≥14.00 × 103 kg and <16.00 × 103 kg of 305-day milk production) and DMP5 (dams with ≥16.00 × 103 kg of 305-day milk production). In study I, data of birth weight, milk yield and reproductive variables of 14,536 offspring born to lactating dams and corresponding data of DMP were retrieved. In study II, blood samples (n = 339) were collected from offspring in various categories of DMP for measurement of serum AMH. Offspring were heavier at birth in DMP4 and DMP5 categories than DMP1 and DMP2 categories (P < 0.05). Milk yield of offspring increased as DMP elevated (P < 0.05); however, offspring in DMP1 and DMP2 categories produced higher milk as compared with their dams during primiparity (P < 0.05) whereas offspring in DMP3, DMP4 and DMP5 categories produced less milk as compared with their dams during primiparity (P < 0.05). Milk fat to protein ratio during the first month of lactation was greater in DMP4 and DMP5 categories than DMP1 category (P < 0.05). Offspring of DMP4 and DMP5 categories were inseminated and conceived at younger ages than offspring of DMP1 category during nulliparity (P < 0.05). Calving to conception interval was longer in DMP5 than DMP1 category in primiparous offspring (P < 0.05), but concentration of AMH did not differ among various categories of DMP (P > 0.05). In conclusion, dams with greater level of milk production produced heavier offspring with higher milk yield but worse transgenerational improvement in milk production and diminished reproductive performance, which were seemingly under higher pressure of negative energy balance during the first month of lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emadeddin Mobedi
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Allahyari
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Gharagozlou
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Vojgani
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hemmati Baghbanani
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Akbarinejad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Novák K, Valčíková T, Samaké K, Bjelka M. Association of Variants in Innate Immune Genes TLR4 and TLR5 with Reproductive and Milk Production Traits in Czech Simmental Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:24. [PMID: 38254914 PMCID: PMC10815032 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine genes TLR4 and TLR5, which encode antibacterial toll-like receptors, were screened for polymorphisms in Czech Red Pied (Czech Simmental) cattle to identify variants associated with reproduction, udder health, and milk production traits. Variants were discovered by hybrid resequencing of 164 bulls using HiSeq X-Ten and PacBio technologies and then individually genotyped. Nominal p-values < 0.05 for associations were detected in 18 combinations between 14 polymorphisms and 15 traits using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The TLR4 variants g.610C>T (rs43578094) and g.10310T>G (rs8193072) in reference AC000135.1 were strictly associated with the index of early reproductive disorders and maternal calving ease, respectively, at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. A highly permissive false discovery rate cutoff of 0.6 separated seventeen combinations in both genes comprising eight positives. In the case of the TLR4 variant g.9422T>C (rs8193060), indications were obtained for the association with as many as four reproductive traits: incidence of cystic ovaries, early reproductive disorders, calving ease, and production longevity. The permissive FDR interpretation for the TLR5 data indicated associations with cyst incidence and early reproduction disorders with maternal calving ease. Moreover, three TLR5 polymorphisms correlated with milk production traits. The discrepancy of the observed associations with the predicted impacts of the SNPs on protein function points to the role of haplotypes. Nevertheless, this question should be resolved on a larger scale. The observed associations are endorsed by independent evidence from the published functional roles in other species and by the published QTL mapping data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Novák
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Valčíková
- Department of Genetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Kalifa Samaké
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Viničná 7, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Marek Bjelka
- Breeding Company CHD Impuls, 592 55 Bohdalec, Czech Republic;
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Ding X, Lv H, Deng L, Hu W, Peng Z, Yan C, Yang D, Tong C, Wang X. Analysis of Transcriptomic Changes in Bovine Endometrial Stromal Cells Treated With Lipopolysaccharide. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:575865. [PMID: 33324700 PMCID: PMC7725876 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.575865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis adversely affects the ability of cattle to reproduce and significantly reduces milk production. The is mainly composed of epithelial and stromal cells, and they produce the first immune response to invading pathogens. However, most of the epithelial cells are disrupted, and stromal cells are exposed to an inflammatory environment when endometritis occurs, especially postpartum. Many bacteria and toxins start attacking stromal cell due to loss of epithelium, which stimulates Toll-like receptor (TLRs) on stromal cells and causes upregulated expression of cytokines. Understanding the genome-wide characterization of bovine endometritis will be beneficial for prevention and treatment of endometritis. In this study, whole-transcriptomic gene changes in bovine endometrial stromal cells (BESCs) treated with LPS were compared with those treated with PBS (control group) and were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Compared with the control group, a total of 366 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the LPS-induced group (234 upregulated and 132 downregulated genes), with an adjusted P < 0.05 by DESeq. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were most enriched in interleukin-1 receptor binding, regulation of cell activation, and lymphocyte-activated interleukin-12 production. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed DEGs were most enriched in the TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NF-κB signaling pathway, and chemokine signaling pathway. The results of this study unraveled BESCs affected with LPS transcriptome profile alterations, which may have a significant effect on treatment inflammation by comprehending molecular mechanisms and authenticating unique genes related to endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Ding
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haimiao Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lixin Deng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenju Hu
- College of Agricultural Medicine, Henan Radio and Television University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Peng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenbo Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dexin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Wuhu Overseas Students Pioneer Park, WuHu, China
| | - Xinzhuang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Sakai S, Hatabu T, Yamamoto Y, Kimura K. Alteration of chemokine production in bovine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells under heat stress conditions. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14640. [PMID: 33230953 PMCID: PMC7683879 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
After parturition, cows frequently develop uterine bacterial infections, resulting in the onset of endometritis. To eliminate the bacteria, bovine endometrial cells secrete chemokines, such as IL-6 and MCP1, which attract macrophages (MΦs) to the subepithelial stroma. These attracted MΦs are not only involved in bacterial elimination but also the orchestration of inflammation and tissue repair. These immune responses aid in the recovery from endometritis; however, the recovery from endometritis takes longer in summer than in any other season. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that heat stress (HS) affects the chemokine production in endometrial cells. To confirm this hypothesis, we compared IL-6 and MCP1 production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bovine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells under normal (38.5°C) and HS conditions (40.5°C). In the endometrial epithelial cells, IL-6 production stimulated by LPS was significantly (p < .05) suppressed under HS conditions. MCP1 production in endometrial epithelial cells was not detected under both the control and HS conditions regardless of the presence of LPS. Moreover, LPS significantly (p < .05) stimulated IL-6 and MCP1 production in endometrial stromal cells. Moreover, HS significantly (p < .05) enhanced their production compared to that under the control conditions. In addition, HS did not affect the migration ability of MΦs; however, the supernatant of the endometrial stromal cells cultured under the HS condition significantly (p < .05) attracted the MΦs when compared to the control condition. These results suggest that HS disrupts chemokine production in two types of endometrial cells and alters the distribution of MΦs in the endometrium during the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sakai
- Laboratory of Reproductive PhysiologyGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal PhysiologyGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Reproductive PhysiologyGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Koji Kimura
- Laboratory of Reproductive PhysiologyGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
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Association of TLR gene variants in a Czech Red Pied cattle population with reproductive traits. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 220:109997. [PMID: 31901560 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The bovine genes TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6, which encode Toll-like receptors, key components of the innate immune system, were screened for polymorphisms in Czech Red Pied (Czech Simmental) cattle, and the different variants present in the population were tested for association with reproductive and fitness traits. Diversity was investigated in a group of 164 bulls using hybrid resequencing of pooled amplicons with PacBio technology and of pooled genomic DNA using HiSeq X-Ten technology. The validated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in individual animals using the primer extension technique. The association of genotypic classes of 16 polymorphisms with six phenotypic traits were estimated with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) algorithm. The evaluated traits included the incidence of cystic ovaries, index of early reproductive disorders, paternal and maternal indicators of calving ease, production longevity and calf vitality index. The estimated breeding values were used for combined trait quantification. Early traits, namely, cystic ovaries and early reproductive disorders, were not associated with any of the tested polymorphisms according to the general ANOVA test. By contrast, five variants of all three genes were associated with calving ease, both paternal and maternal. The production longevity correlated with two variants of TLR1 and the calf vitality index correlated with the 1044 T > C (rs68268249) polymorphism in TLR2. The false discovery rate (FDR) according to Benjamini-Hochberg was favourable for the calving ease trait (0.221) and maternal calving ease (0.214), which allows to consider the observed associations real, regardless of the error arising from the multiple comparisons. These results were supported by REML only partially, probably in view of the additivity assumption. Two mechanisms of action on calving are conceivable, either via infection resistance or via the involvement of TLR2 in signalling in the myometrium. The known formation of heterodimers by the TLR1, -2 and -6 products might be responsible for the shared pattern of action in these genes. The association of the calf vitality index with TLR2 variation might reflect the increased role of infections in calves compared to adult animals.
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Deng F, McClure M, Rorie R, Wang X, Chai J, Wei X, Lai S, Zhao J. The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:92. [PMID: 31857897 PMCID: PMC6909518 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction. However, in beef heifers, little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fertility. To this end, we followed heifers through gestation to examine the dynamics of vaginal and fecal microbial composition throughout pregnancy. Results Heifers were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol, observed over a 12-day period, artificially inseminated 12 h to 18 h after observed estrus, and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 50-day breeding season. Vaginal samples were taken at pre-breeding (n = 72), during the first (n = 72), and second trimester (n = 72) for all individuals, and third trimester for individuals with confirmed pregnancies (n = 56). Fecal samples were taken at pre-breeding (n = 32) and during the first trimester (n = 32), including bred and open individuals. Next generation sequencing of the V4 region of the16S rRNA gene via the Illumina MiSeq platform was applied to all samples. Shannon indices and the number of observed bacterial features were the same in fecal samples. However, significant differences in vaginal microbiome diversity between gestation stages were observed. No differences in beta-diversity were detected in vaginal or fecal samples regarding pregnancy status, but such differences were seen with fecal microbiome over time. Random Forest was developed to identify predictors of pregnancy status in vaginal (e.g., Histophilus, Clostridiaceae, Campylobacter) and fecal (e.g., Bacteroidales, Dorea) samples. Conclusions Our study shows that bovine vaginal and fecal microbiome could be used as biomarkers of bovine reproduction. Further experiments are needed to validate these biomarkers and to examine their roles in a female’s ability to establish pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Deng
- 1Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA.,2Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,3Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Maryanna McClure
- 1Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Rick Rorie
- 1Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- 1Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Jianmin Chai
- 1Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- 1Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Songjia Lai
- 2Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- 1Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
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Zhang C, Wang L, Li T, Mao W, Liu B, Cao J. EP2/4 Receptors Promote the Synthesis of PGE 2 Increasing Tissue Damage in Bovine Endometrial Explants Induced by Escherichia coli. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:175-184. [PMID: 31732699 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine uterine is easily contaminated with bacteria during coitus or parturition. A previous study suggested that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promoted Escherichia coli-infected bovine endometrial tissue inflammatory damage via cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1). However, it remains unclear which PGE2 receptors regulate the proinflammatory effect of PGE2 In this study, we evaluated the effect of PGE2 and its mediated receptors on E. coli-infected endometrium explants isolated from the bovine uterus. The E. coli-infected bovine endometrial explants were cultured in vitro, and the study used EP2/4 receptor agonists to investigate the responses of COX-2, mPGES-1, PGE2, proinflammatory factors, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The expression of COX-2, mPGES-1, PGE2, proinflammatory factors, and DAMPs was significantly increased after infection with E. coli; however, the high expression levels caused by E. coli were reduced following treatment with COX-2 and mPGES-1 inhibitors. In addition, the expression levels of COX-2, mPGES-1, PGE2, proinflammatory factors, and DAMPs were higher in treatment with EP2/4 receptor agonists in E. coli-infected endometrium explants, and their promotable effects were effectively blocked by EP2/4 receptor antagonists. These findings provide evidence that PGE2 may promote the progress of inflammation in endometrial explants infected with E. coli in bovines. Furthermore, EP2/4 may be involved in a positive feedback loop for COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression, and this may be responsible for the proinflammatory reaction of PGE2 in E. coli-infected uteri of bovines. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PGE2 promoted E. coli-infected bovine endometrial tissue damage via COX-2 and mPGES-1. However, this proinflammatory effect of PGE2 depends on which receptors are affected by PGE2, and this remains unclear. In this study, it was investigated that EP2 and EP4 may be involved in a positive feedback loop for COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression, and this may be responsible for the proinflammatory reaction of PGE2 in E. coli-infected uteri of bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Lingrui Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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Transcriptome Profiling Analysis of Bovine Vaginal Epithelial Cell Response to an Isolated Lactobacillus Strain. mSystems 2019; 4:4/5/e00268-19. [PMID: 31506261 PMCID: PMC6739099 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00268-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine bacterial vaginitis causes infertility, abortion, and postpartum uterine diseases, causing serious economic loss to the dairy industry. The large-scale use of antibiotics destroys normal genital tract flora and hinders the defense mechanisms of the host. Recent research suggests that lactobacilli present in the vaginal microflora of healthy cows constitute the primary microbiological barrier to infection by genital pathogens, exerting a protective role on the reproductive tract via specific adherence to the epithelium and the production of inhibitory substances. Our research identified the mechanisms for Lactobacillus adhesion and pathogenic inhibition, providing valuable information for the development of new probiotics and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of infections in dairy cows. Lactobacillus strain SQ0048 isolated from bovine vagina has been shown to exhibit specific adherence to the epithelium and to produce inhibitory substances; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We cultured and identified primary bovine vaginal epithelial cells treated with SQ0048 to investigate the pathways involved in host cell responses using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Transcription profiling showed 296 significantly altered differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 170 were upregulated and 126 downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed significant enrichment of 424 GO terms throughout the differentiation process (P < 0.05). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEGs were successfully annotated as members of 171 pathways, with 23 significantly enriched KEGG pathways (P < 0.05). A relatively high number of genes were enriched for the endoplasmic reticulum protein processing and interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathways and for antigen processing and presentation. DEGs were verified by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) and determination of which were most enriched for endoplasmic reticulum protein processing pathways, the activation of which might be a major factor underlying Lactobacillus adhesion to cells and pathogenic inhibition. IMPORTANCE Bovine bacterial vaginitis causes infertility, abortion, and postpartum uterine diseases, causing serious economic loss to the dairy industry. The large-scale use of antibiotics destroys normal genital tract flora and hinders the defense mechanisms of the host. Recent research suggests that lactobacilli present in the vaginal microflora of healthy cows constitute the primary microbiological barrier to infection by genital pathogens, exerting a protective role on the reproductive tract via specific adherence to the epithelium and the production of inhibitory substances. Our research identified the mechanisms for Lactobacillus adhesion and pathogenic inhibition, providing valuable information for the development of new probiotics and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of infections in dairy cows.
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Immune status during postpartum, peri-implantation and early pregnancy in cattle: An updated view. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 206:1-10. [PMID: 31133358 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the estrous cycle the mammalian endometrium undergoes morphological and functional changes that are essential for the establishment of pregnancy and proper ovarian and uterine functions. Among these changes, the most important are alterations in both inter- and intracellular signalling molecules, many of which modulate immune processes. In the endometrial tissue there are local innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific/acquired) response mechanisms which vary because of the endocrine status during the estrous cycle, pregnancy and postpartum period. Endometrial cells have responses that support the immune system by producing pro-inflammatory factors such as cytokines, sensors, effector molecules and chemokines. This response is important during gestation, pregnancy, and fetal growth, as well as in preventing infection, and immuno-rejection of the semi-allogeneic embryo. In dairy cows, both before and immediately after calving, there are marked changes in the values for hormonal and metabolic variables and the immune status is impaired. Thus, in several studies there has been assessment of the physiological and/or abnormal maternal immune changes and possible effects on dairy cow reproductive performance. The objective with this review is to summarize the novel information about the immune mechanisms involved during the postpartum period, subsequent peri-implantation period and pregnancy in dairy cows, and the possible effects on reproductive performance. This information provides for an enhanced understanding of the local and systemic immune responses associated with the metabolic and hormonal status of dairy cows, and alterations in the immune system of high producing cows and the possible effects on subsequent fertility.
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Tríbulo P, Siqueira L, Oliveira L, Scheffler T, Hansen P. Identification of potential embryokines in the bovine reproductive tract. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:690-704. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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A review of the ongoing discussion about definition, diagnosis and pathomechanism of subclinical endometritis in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2017; 94:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Genís S, Bach À, Arís A. Effects of intravaginal lactic acid bacteria on bovine endometrium: Implications in uterine health. Vet Microbiol 2017; 204:174-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Vieira-Neto A, Lima F, Santos J, Mingoti R, Vasconcellos G, Risco C, Galvao K. Vulvovaginal laceration as a risk factor for uterine disease in postpartum dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4629-4637. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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