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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Chang Z, Li C. Sperm YOLOv8E-TrackEVD: A Novel Approach for Sperm Detection and Tracking. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3493. [PMID: 38894284 PMCID: PMC11175353 DOI: 10.3390/s24113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Male infertility is a global health issue, with 40-50% attributed to sperm abnormalities. The subjectivity and irreproducibility of existing detection methods pose challenges to sperm assessment, making the design of automated semen analysis algorithms crucial for enhancing the reliability of sperm evaluations. This paper proposes a comprehensive sperm tracking algorithm (Sperm YOLOv8E-TrackEVD) that combines an enhanced YOLOv8 small object detection algorithm (SpermYOLOv8-E) with an improved DeepOCSORT tracking algorithm (SpermTrack-EVD) to detect human sperm in a microscopic field of view and track healthy sperm in a sample in a short period effectively. Firstly, we trained the improved YOLOv8 model on the VISEM-Tracking dataset for accurate sperm detection. To enhance the detection of small sperm objects, we introduced an attention mechanism, added a small object detection layer, and integrated the SPDConv and Detect_DyHead modules. Furthermore, we used a new distance metric method and chose IoU loss calculation. Ultimately, we achieved a 1.3% increase in precision, a 1.4% increase in recall rate, and a 2.0% improvement in mAP@0.5:0.95. We applied SpermYOLOv8-E combined with SpermTrack-EVD for sperm tracking. On the VISEM-Tracking dataset, we achieved 74.303% HOTA and 71.167% MOTA. These results show the effectiveness of the designed Sperm YOLOv8E-TrackEVD approach in sperm tracking scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhanyuan Chang
- College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
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Gallagher MT, Krasauskaite I, Kirkman-Brown JC. Only the Best of the Bunch-Sperm Preparation Is Not Just about Numbers. Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41:273-278. [PMID: 38113923 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In this Seminar, we present an overview of the current and emerging methods and technologies for optimizing the man and the sperm sample for fertility treatment. We argue that sperms are the secret to success, and that there are many avenues for improving both treatment and basic understanding of their role in outcomes. These outcomes encompass not just whether treatment is successful or not, but the wider intergenerational health of the offspring. We discuss outstanding challenges and opportunities of new technologies such as microfluidics and artificial intelligence, including potential pitfalls and advantages. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of sperm in fertility treatment and suggests future directions for research and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meurig T Gallagher
- Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Women's Fertility Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrida Krasauskaite
- Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Women's Fertility Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jackson C Kirkman-Brown
- Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Women's Fertility Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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García-Molina A, Navarro N, Cerveró C, Sadeghi S, Valverde A, Roldan ERS, Bompart D, Garrido N, Soler C. Effect of incubation and analysis temperatures on sperm kinematics and morphometrics during human semen analysis. Rev Int Androl 2023; 21:100350. [PMID: 36933371 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2023.100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human semen analysis must be performed after the liquefaction of the ejaculate. This takes place about 30min after ejaculation and samples must be maintained in the lab during this time. The temperatures for this incubation and the final analysis of motility are crucial but seldom taken into account. This study aims to examine the effect of these temperatures on various sperm parameters both manually (sperm count, motility, morphology, viability, chromatin condensation and maturation and DNA fragmentation) and CASA (kinematics and morphometrics, using an ISAS®v1 CASA-Mot and CASA-Morph systems, respectively) analyzed. METHODS Seminal samples from thirteen donors were incubated for 10min at 37°C followed by additional 20min at either room temperature (RT, 23°C) or 37°C and then examined following WHO 2010 criteria. RESULTS The data obtained show that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the subjective sperm quality parameters with incubation temperature. On the other hand, the head sperm morphometric parameters were significantly higher after room temperature incubation showing, in addition, lower ellipticity (P<0.05). Furthermore, kinematic parameters were evaluated both at RT and 37°C for the two incubation temperatures. In general, the four temperature combinations showed that kinematic parameters followed this order: RT-RT<RT-37<37-37<37-RT (incubation and analysis temperatures respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that temperature control during both incubation and analysis is needed for accurate semen analysis, recommending the use of 37°C during the entire process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuria Navarro
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Cerveró
- Proiser R+D, C/. Catedràtic Agustín Escardino 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- Proiser R+D, C/. Catedràtic Agustín Escardino 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Anthony Valverde
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, San Carlos Campus, 223-21002 Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo R S Roldan
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daznia Bompart
- Proiser R+D, C/. Catedràtic Agustín Escardino 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Nicolás Garrido
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carles Soler
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of València, C/. Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Adami LNG, Fernandes GL, Carvalho RCD, Okada FK, Tufik S, Andersen ML, Bertolla RP. Effect of chronic sleep deprivation on acrosomal integrity and functional parameters of murine sperm. F&S SCIENCE 2023; 4:11-20. [PMID: 36565949 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of chronic sleep deprivation on sperm function quality in mice. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Not applicable. ANIMALS Spermatozoa from twenty-four 10-week-old C57BL/6J male mice. INTERVENTION(S) The sleep deprivation group underwent gentle handling for 6 hours for 5 consecutive days. The mice in the sleep recovery group were allowed to sleep during the 24-hour period after the sleep deprivation protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) After euthanasia, the spermatozoa were collected for analysis. Sperm motility was evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analyzer. Intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) activity, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and DNA fragmentation assays were conducted afterward. RESULT(S) Sleep deprivation and sleep recovery groups presented a lower percentage of spermatozoa with an intact acrosome, compared with the respective control groups. Regarding DNA fragmentation, a decreased proportion of spermatozoa with Comet I class intact DNA was observed in the sleep recovery group, compared with the recovery control group. Beat cross frequency was increased in the sleep recovery group. CONCLUSION(S) Sleep deprivation can reduce sperm quality, impairing acrosome integrity. Sleep recovery decreased DNA integrity and increased beat cross frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Nayara Gallego Adami
- Disciplina de Urologia, Setor de Reprodução Humana, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Cristina de Carvalho
- Disciplina de Urologia, Setor de Reprodução Humana, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fatima Kazue Okada
- Disciplina de Urologia, Setor de Reprodução Humana, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pimenta Bertolla
- Disciplina de Urologia, Setor de Reprodução Humana, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Motility Assessment of Ram Spermatozoa. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121715. [PMID: 36552225 PMCID: PMC9774426 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For successful fertilisation to occur, spermatozoa need to successfully migrate through the female reproductive tract and penetrate the oocyte. Predictably, poor sperm motility has been associated with low rates of fertilisation in many mammalian species, including the ram. As such, motility is one of the most important parameters used for in vitro evaluation of ram sperm quality and function. This review aims to outline the mechanical and energetic processes which underpin sperm motility, describe changes in motility which occur as a result of differences in sperm structure and the surrounding microenvironment, and assess the effectiveness of the various methods used to assess sperm motility in rams. Methods of subjective motility estimation are convenient, inexpensive methods widely used in the livestock industries, however, the subjective nature of these methods can make them unreliable. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) technology accurately and objectively measures sperm motility via two-dimensional tracing of sperm head motion, making it a popular method for sperm quality assurance in domesticated animal production laboratories. Newly developed methods of motility assessment including flagellar tracing, three-dimensional sperm tracing, in vivo motility assessment, and molecular assays which quantify motility-associated biomarkers, enable analysis of a new range of sperm motion parameters with the potential to reveal new mechanistic insights and improve ram semen assessment. Experimental application of these technologies is required to fully understand their potential to improve semen quality assessment and prediction of reproductive success in ovine artificial breeding programs.
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A hybrid IMM-JPDAF algorithm for tracking multiple sperm targets and motility analysis. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-07390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sperm morphology analysis by using the fusion of two-stage fine-tuned deep networks. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gaffney EA, Ishimoto K, Walker BJ. Modelling Motility: The Mathematics of Spermatozoa. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710825. [PMID: 34354994 PMCID: PMC8329702 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In one of the first examples of how mechanics can inform axonemal mechanism, Machin's study in the 1950s highlighted that observations of sperm motility cannot be explained by molecular motors in the cell membrane, but would instead require motors distributed along the flagellum. Ever since, mechanics and hydrodynamics have been recognised as important in explaining the dynamics, regulation, and guidance of sperm. More recently, the digitisation of sperm videomicroscopy, coupled with numerous modelling and methodological advances, has been bringing forth a new era of scientific discovery in this field. In this review, we survey these advances before highlighting the opportunities that have been generated for both recent research and the development of further open questions, in terms of the detailed characterisation of the sperm flagellum beat and its mechanics, together with the associated impact on cell behaviour. In particular, diverse examples are explored within this theme, ranging from how collective behaviours emerge from individual cell responses, including how these responses are impacted by the local microenvironment, to the integration of separate advances in the fields of flagellar analysis and flagellar mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn A. Gaffney
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kenta Ishimoto
- Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Benjamin J. Walker
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Gacem S, Valverde A, Catalán J, Yánez Ortiz I, Soler C, Miró J. A New Approach of Sperm Motility Subpopulation Structure in Donkey and Horse. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:651477. [PMID: 34113670 PMCID: PMC8186528 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.651477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the sperm kinematic values with high frames per second, to define the subpopulation structure of a horse and a donkey and compare them. A total of 57 fresh semen ejaculates (26 Spanish and 16 Arabian horse breeds and 10 donkeys) were collected and subsequently analyzed for kinematic parameters using the Computer-aided sperm motility analysis ISAS®v1.2 system and using a Spermtrack® 10-μm depth counting chamber. Sequences were recorded at 250 frames per second, and eight kinematic parameters were automatically evaluated. All kinematic parameters showed significant differences between a donkey and a horse and between horse breeds. All ejaculates evaluated showed excellent semen motility characteristics, with significantly higher values for all kinematic parameters for donkeys compared with horses except for beat-cross frequency. Donkey sperm was faster and linear than the horse. Regarding horse breeds differences, the Spanish horse had higher average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, and beat-cross frequency compared with the Arabian horse. Spanish horse sperm was rapid, but Arab horse was more linear. The principal component analysis showed three sperm subpopulations in the ejaculate of donkeys and horses with a significantly different motility characteristic between them. The dominant subpopulation for both donkey and horse was for rapid, straight, and linear with a high beat sperm (38.2 and 41.7%, respectively), whereas the lowest subpopulation was for the slowest and non-linear sperms. This, plus slight differences in the distribution of these subpopulations between Arabian and Spanish horses, were found. In conclusion, higher frames permitted to have a new interpretation of motile subpopulations with species and breed differences. More so, future works on donkey and horse breed spermatozoa should take into account differences between breeds that may interfere and alter the real analysis performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gacem
- Equine Reproduction Service, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Veterinary Faculty, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anthony Valverde
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Jaime Catalán
- Equine Reproduction Service, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Veterinary Faculty, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iván Yánez Ortiz
- Equine Reproduction Service, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Veterinary Faculty, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carles Soler
- Universitat de València, Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Miró
- Equine Reproduction Service, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Veterinary Faculty, Catalonia, Spain
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Barquero V, Soler C, Sevilla F, Calderón-Calderón J, Valverde A. A Bayesian analysis of boar spermatozoa kinematics and head morphometrics and their relationship with litter size fertility variables. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1024-1033. [PMID: 33914994 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The semen movement and sperm head size patterns of boar ejaculates were analysed using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA)-Mot and -Morph systems. The aim of the present study was to compare morphometric and kinematics variables from boars and to determine the relationship with sow fertility variables related to litter size. The females were from maternal crossing schemes such as the continuous 3-generation cross between York (Y), Landrace (L), and Pietrain (P) hybrid sows and Pietrain boars. Semen samples were collected from 11 sexually mature boars from two sire lines. Samples were analysed using the ISAS® v1 system to evaluate eight kinematic variables of sperm velocity, progressiveness and undulations. Four morphometric parameters of sperm head size (length, width, area and perimeter) were analysed. Bayesian analysis revealed relevant differences in four kinematic variables (VSL, LIN, STR and WOB) between sire lines, with a probability of relevance (PR ) of 0.79-0.91, and Pietrain boars were associated with higher progressive motility compared with Duroc x Pietrain boars. Moreover, there were relevant differences in all morphometric variables (PR = 0.82-0.85) between sire lines. The dam line Y-L-50 (½ Y × ½ L) had higher total born per litter and piglets born alive, and YLP-75 (1 /8 Y × 1 /8 L × 3 /4 P) was associated with higher values of litter weight at birth (highest posterior density region at 95% = 9.92, 16.41 kg). There are relevant differences in kinematic variables between the assessed sire lines and the differences in morphometric and litter size variables were also relevant. The York-Landrace hybrid sows had higher total born per litter and piglets born alive, and there were relevant differences when compared with YLP-50 (¼ York × ¼ Landrace × ½ Pietrain). Differences in kinematic and morphometric variables between sire and dam lines related to fertility need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicio Barquero
- School of Agronomy, Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Campus San Carlos, San Carlos, Costa Rica
| | - Carles Soler
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Campus Burjassot, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco Sevilla
- School of Agronomy, Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Campus San Carlos, San Carlos, Costa Rica
| | - Josué Calderón-Calderón
- School of Agronomy, Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Campus San Carlos, San Carlos, Costa Rica
| | - Anthony Valverde
- School of Agronomy, Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Campus San Carlos, San Carlos, Costa Rica
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Tanga BM, Qamar AY, Raza S, Bang S, Fang X, Yoon K, Cho J. Semen evaluation: methodological advancements in sperm quality-specific fertility assessment - A review. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1253-1270. [PMID: 33902175 PMCID: PMC8255896 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of male fertility is based on the evaluation of sperm. Semen evaluation measures various sperm quality parameters as fertility indicators. However, semen evaluation has limitations, and it requires the advancement and application of strict quality control methods to interpret the results. This article reviews the recent advances in evaluating various sperm-specific quality characteristics and methodologies, with the help of different assays to assess sperm-fertility status. Sperm evaluation methods that include conventional microscopic methods, computer-assisted sperm analyzers (CASA), and flow cytometric analysis, provide precise information related to sperm morphology and function. Moreover, profiling fertility-related biomarkers in sperm or seminal plasma can be helpful in predicting fertility. Identification of different sperm proteins and diagnosis of DNA damage has positively contributed to the existing pool of knowledge about sperm physiology and molecular anomalies associated with different infertility issues in males. Advances in methods and sperm-specific evaluation has subsequently resulted in a better understanding of sperm biology that has improved the diagnosis and clinical management of male factor infertility. Accurate sperm evaluation is of paramount importance in the application of artificial insemination and assisted reproductive technology. However, no single test can precisely determine fertility; the selection of an appropriate test or a set of tests and parameters is required to accurately determine the fertility of specific animal species. Therefore, a need to further calibrate the CASA and advance the gene expression tests is recommended for faster and field-level applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Molla Tanga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmad Yar Qamar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sanan Raza
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09016, Turkey
| | - Seonggyu Bang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Xun Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kiyoung Yoon
- Department of Companion Animal, Shingu College, Seongnam 13174, Korea
| | - Jongki Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Corkidi G, Hernández-Herrera P, Montoya F, Gadêlha H, Darszon A. Long-term segmentation-free assessment of head-flagellum movement and intracellular calcium in swimming human sperm. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.250654. [PMID: 33431515 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human spermatozoa are the archetype of long-term self-organizing transport in nature and are critical for reproductive success. They utilize coordinated head and flagellar movements to swim long distances within the female reproductive tract in order to find and fertilize the egg. However, to date, long-term analysis of the sperm head-flagellar movements, or indeed those of other flagellated microorganisms, remains elusive due to limitations in microscopy and flagellar-tracking techniques. Here, we present a novel methodology based on local orientation and isotropy of bio-images to obtain long-term kinematic and physiological parameters of individual free-swimming spermatozoa without requiring image segmentation (thresholding). This computer-assisted segmentation-free method evaluates, for the first time, characteristics of the head movement and flagellar beating for up to 9.2 min. We demonstrate its powerful use by showing how releasing Ca2+ from internal stores significantly alters long-term sperm behavior. The method allows for straightforward generalization to other bio-imaging applications, such as studies of bull sperm and Trypanosoma, or indeed of other flagellated microorganisms - appealing to communities other than those investigating sperm biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Corkidi
- Laboratorio de Imágenes y Visión por Computadora, Departamento de Ingenería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Paul Hernández-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Imágenes y Visión por Computadora, Departamento de Ingenería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Fernando Montoya
- Laboratorio de Imágenes y Visión por Computadora, Departamento de Ingenería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Hermes Gadêlha
- Department of Engineering Mathematics & Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Alberto Darszon
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
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Gacem S, Bompart D, Valverde A, Catalán J, Miró J, Soler C. Optimal frame rate when there were stallion sperm motility evaluations and determinations for kinematic variables using CASA-Mot analysis in different counting chambers. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 223:106643. [PMID: 33157363 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine optimum image capture frame rates (FRO) when there was evaluation of different types of counting chambers used for CASA-Mot determinations of stallion sperm motility. Sperm VCL was determined at frame rates of 25-250 f/s in: 1) Spermtrack® (Spk) 10 and 20 chambers (drop displacement-type chambers 10 and 20 μm-deep respectively; and 2) ISAS®D4C10, ISAS®D4C20 (10 and 20 μm-deep respectively) and ISAS®D4C20 L (20 μm-deep) capillary loaded chambers. Values for different sperm kinematic variables were determined using each chamber at 250 f/s, which is the maximum frame rate that the software can be used for analyses. With evaluation of Spk chambers, there was a greater curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (STR), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF) values (P < 0.05) than with capillary loaded chambers, with there being greatest values with 20 μm-deep chambers. With the Spk10 chamber, VCL and ALH were greater at the chamber centre than periphery. There were no such differences for the Spk20 chamber. With evaluation of the D4C10 chamber, VSL and STR were less when there was a sperm deposition point towards the chamber end, while there were the opposite for the D4C20 chamber. When there was evaluation of the D4C20 chamber, there were also greater VCL, WOB and BCF values in distal areas. With use of most of these chambers, data should be collected from different fields and means determined, however, this is not necessary with Spk20 chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gacem
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain; Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of Valencia, C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino 9, Building 3 (CUE) Floor 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Daznia Bompart
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of Valencia, C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino 9, Building 3 (CUE) Floor 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Anthony Valverde
- Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of Valencia, C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino 9, Building 3 (CUE) Floor 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain; Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, San Carlos Campus, 223-21001 Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Jaime Catalán
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain; Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of Valencia, C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino 9, Building 3 (CUE) Floor 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jordi Miró
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain; Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of Valencia, C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino 9, Building 3 (CUE) Floor 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Carles Soler
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of Valencia, C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino 9, Building 3 (CUE) Floor 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
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15
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Valverde A, Barquero V, Soler C. The application of computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) technology to optimise semen evaluation. A review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/127691/2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Yániz J, Alquézar-Baeta C, Yagüe-Martínez J, Alastruey-Benedé J, Palacín I, Boryshpolets S, Kholodnyy V, Gadêlha H, Pérez-Pe R. Expanding the Limits of Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis through the Development of Open Software. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E207. [PMID: 32764457 PMCID: PMC7464510 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) systems can reduce errors occurring in manual analysis. However, commercial CASA systems are frequently not applicable at the forefront of challenging research endeavors. The development of open source software may offer important solutions for researchers working in related areas. Here, we present an example of this, with the development of three new modules for the OpenCASA software (hosted at Github). The first is the Chemotactic Sperm Accumulation Module, a powerful tool for studying sperm chemotactic behavior, analyzing the sperm accumulation in the direct vicinity of the stimuli. This module was validated by comparing fish sperm accumulation, with or without the influence of an attractant. The analysis clearly indicated cell accumulation in the treatment group, while the distribution of sperm was random in the control group. The second is the Sperm Functionality Module, based on the ability to recognize five sperm subpopulations according to their fluorescence patterns associated with the plasma membrane and acrosomal status. The last module is the Sperm Concentration Module, which expands the utilities of OpenCASA. These last two modules were validated, using bull sperm, by comparing them with visual counting by an observer. A high level of correlation was achieved in almost all the data, and a good agreement between both methods was obtained. With these newly developed modules, OpenCASA is consolidated as a powerful free and open-source tool that allows different aspects of sperm quality to be evaluated, with many potential applications for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Yániz
- BIOFITER Research Group, Higher Polytechnic School of Huesca, Institute of Environmental Sciences of Aragón (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Ctra. Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain; (J.Y.); (I.P.)
| | - Carlos Alquézar-Baeta
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Mathematics and Applications (IUMA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Jorge Yagüe-Martínez
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering (DIIS), Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.Y.-M.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Jesús Alastruey-Benedé
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering (DIIS), Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.Y.-M.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Inmaculada Palacín
- BIOFITER Research Group, Higher Polytechnic School of Huesca, Institute of Environmental Sciences of Aragón (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Ctra. Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain; (J.Y.); (I.P.)
| | - Sergii Boryshpolets
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (S.B.); (V.K.); (H.G.)
| | - Vitaliy Kholodnyy
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (S.B.); (V.K.); (H.G.)
| | - Hermes Gadêlha
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (S.B.); (V.K.); (H.G.)
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, 75 Woodland Rd, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Rosaura Pérez-Pe
- BIOFITER Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences of Aragón (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Gallagher MT, Cupples G, Ooi EH, Kirkman-Brown JC, Smith DJ. Rapid sperm capture: high-throughput flagellar waveform analysis. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1173-1185. [PMID: 31170729 PMCID: PMC6613345 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can flagellar analyses be scaled up to provide automated tracking of motile sperm, and does knowledge of the flagellar waveform provide new insight not provided by routine head tracking? SUMMARY ANSWER High-throughput flagellar waveform tracking and analysis enable measurement of experimentally intractable quantities such as energy dissipation, disturbance of the surrounding medium and viscous stresses, which are not possible by tracking the sperm head alone. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The clinical gold standard for sperm motility analysis comprises a manual analysis by a trained professional, with existing automated sperm diagnostics [computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA)] relying on tracking the sperm head and extrapolating measures. It is not currently possible with either of these approaches to track the sperm flagellar waveform for large numbers of cells in order to unlock the potential wealth of information enclosed within. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The software tool in this manuscript has been developed to enable high-throughput, repeatable, accurate and verifiable analysis of the sperm flagellar beat. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Using the software tool [Flagellar Analysis and Sperm Tracking (FAST)] described in this manuscript, we have analysed 176 experimental microscopy videos and have tracked the head and flagellum of 205 progressive cells in diluted semen (DSM), 119 progressive cells in a high-viscosity medium (HVM) and 42 stuck cells in a low-viscosity medium. Unscreened donors were recruited at Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust after giving informed consent. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We describe fully automated tracking and analysis of flagellar movement for large cell numbers. The analysis is demonstrated on freely motile cells in low- and high-viscosity fluids and validated on published data of tethered cells undergoing pharmacological hyperactivation. Direct analysis of the flagellar beat reveals that the CASA measure 'beat cross frequency' does not measure beat frequency; attempting to fit a straight line between the two measures gives ${\mathrm{R}}^2$ values of 0.042 and 0.00054 for cells in DSM and HVM, respectively. A new measurement, track centroid speed, is validated as an accurate differentiator of progressive motility. Coupled with fluid mechanics codes, waveform data enable extraction of experimentally intractable quantities such as energy dissipation, disturbance of the surrounding medium and viscous stresses. We provide a powerful and accessible research tool, enabling connection of the mechanical activity of the sperm to its motility and effect on its environment. LARGE SCALE DATA The FAST software package and all documentation can be downloaded from www.flagellarCapture.com. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The FAST software package has only been tested for use with negative phase contrast microscopy. Other imaging modalities, with bright cells on a dark background, have not been tested but may work. FAST is not designed to analyse raw semen; it is specifically for precise analysis of flagellar kinematics, as that is the promising area for computer use. Flagellar capture will always require that cells are at a dilution where their paths do not frequently cross. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Combining tracked flagella with mathematical modelling has the potential to reveal new mechanistic insight. By providing the capability as a free-to-use software package, we hope that this ability to accurately quantify the flagellar waveform in large populations of motile cells will enable an abundant array of diagnostic, toxicological and therapeutic possibilities, as well as creating new opportunities for assessing and treating male subfertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) M.T.G., G.C., J.C.K-B. and D.J.S. gratefully acknowledge funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Healthcare Technologies Challenge Award (Rapid Sperm Capture EP/N021096/1). J.C.K-B. is funded by a National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and Health Education England, Senior Clinical Lectureship Grant: The role of the human sperm in healthy live birth (NIHRDH-HCS SCL-2014-05-001). This article presents independent research funded in part by the NIHR and Health Education England. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. The data for experimental set (2) were funded through a Wellcome Trust-University of Birmingham Value in People Fellowship Bridging Award (E.H.O.).The authors declare no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Gallagher
- School of Mathematics.,Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Cupples
- School of Mathematics.,Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - E H Ooi
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - J C Kirkman-Brown
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D J Smith
- School of Mathematics.,Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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18
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Gadêlha H, Hernández-Herrera P, Montoya F, Darszon A, Corkidi G. Human sperm uses asymmetric and anisotropic flagellar controls to regulate swimming symmetry and cell steering. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba5168. [PMID: 32789171 PMCID: PMC7399739 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flagellar beating drives sperm through the female reproductive tract and is vital for reproduction. Flagellar waves are generated by thousands of asymmetric molecular components; yet, paradoxically, forward swimming arises via symmetric side-to-side flagellar movement. This led to the preponderance of symmetric flagellar control hypotheses. However, molecular asymmetries must still dictate the flagellum and be manifested in the beat. Here, we reconcile molecular and microscopic observations, reconnecting structure to function, by showing that human sperm uses asymmetric and anisotropic controls to swim. High-speed three-dimensional (3D) microscopy revealed two coactive transversal controls: An asymmetric traveling wave creates a one-sided stroke, and a pulsating standing wave rotates the sperm to move equally on all sides. Symmetry is thus achieved through asymmetry, creating the optical illusion of bilateral symmetry in 2D microscopy. This shows that the sperm flagellum is asymmetrically controlled and anisotropically regularized by fast-signal transduction. This enables the sperm to swim forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermes Gadêlha
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, BS8 1UB Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Hernández-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Imágenes y Visión por Computadora, Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Fernando Montoya
- Laboratorio de Imágenes y Visión por Computadora, Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alberto Darszon
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Corkidi
- Laboratorio de Imágenes y Visión por Computadora, Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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19
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Víquez L, Barquero V, Soler C, Roldan ER, Valverde A. Kinematic Sub-Populations in Bull Spermatozoa: A Comparison of Classical and Bayesian Approaches. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E138. [PMID: 32604716 PMCID: PMC7345988 DOI: 10.3390/biology9060138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ejaculate is heterogenous and sperm sub-populations with different kinematic patterns can be identified in various species. Nevertheless, although these sub-populations are statistically well defined, the statistical differences are not always relevant. The aim of the present study was to characterize kinematic sub-populations in sperm from two bovine species, and diluted with different commercial extenders, and to determine the statistical relevance of sub-populations through Bayesian analysis. Semen from 10 bulls was evaluated after thawing. An ISAS®v1 computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA)-Mot system was employed with an image acquisition rate of 50 Hz and ISAS®D4C20 counting chambers. Sub-populations of motile spermatozoa were characterized using multivariate procedures such as principal components (PCs) analysis and clustering methods (k-means model). Four different sperm sub-populations were identified from three PCs that involved progressiveness, velocity, and cell undulatory movement. The proportions of the different sperm sub-populations varied with the extender used and in the two species. Despite a statistical difference (p < 0.05) between extenders, the Bayesian analysis confirmed that only one of them (Triladyl®) presented relevant differences in kinematic patterns when compared with Tris-EY and OptiXcell®. Extenders differed in the proportion of sperm cells in each of the kinematic sub-populations. Similar patterns were identified in Bos taurus and Bos indicus. Bayesian results indicate that sub-populations SP1, SP2, and SP3 were different for PC criteria and these differences were relevant. For velocity, linearity, and progressiveness, the SP4 did not show a relevant difference regarding the other sperm sub-populations. The classical approach of clustering or sperm subpopulation thus may not have a direct biological meaning. Therefore, the biological relevance of sperm sub-populations needs to be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Víquez
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, San Carlos Campus, 223-21002 Alajuela, Costa Rica; (L.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Vinicio Barquero
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, San Carlos Campus, 223-21002 Alajuela, Costa Rica; (L.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Carles Soler
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Campus Burjassot, C/Dr Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
- Proiser R+D, Av. Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 9, Building 3 (CUE), Floor 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Eduardo R.S. Roldan
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Anthony Valverde
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, San Carlos Campus, 223-21002 Alajuela, Costa Rica; (L.V.); (V.B.)
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20
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Chen Y, Wei H, Liu Y, Gao F, Chen Z, Wang P, Li L, Zhang S. Identification of new protein biomarkers associated with the boar fertility using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:50-59. [PMID: 32553959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we performed the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis in the spermatozoa of Landrace boars with different fertility potentials and investigated the ability of sperm acrosome associated 4 (SPACA4) and IZUMO family member 2 (IZUMO2) to predict the reproductive perform of boars. The iTRAQ results revealed that 202 proteins were up-regulated and 43 proteins were down-regulated in the spermatozoa from high fertility boars. SPACA4 and IZUMO2 protein levels were significantly up-regulated in the spermatozoa from high fertility boars. SPACA4 and IZUMO2 expression were specifically detected in the adult boar testis. SPACA4 levels were positively correlated with Sow's farrowing rate and reproductive efficiency, but not litter size. IZUMO2 were positively correlated with litter size, Sow's farrowing rate and reproductive efficiency. Treating the boar semen with SPACA4 or IZUMO2 antibodies for 30 min and 60 min failed to affect the sperm motility; while treating the semen with SPACA4 antibody significantly reduced the fertilization and cleavage rates. Similar results for fertilization and cleavage rates were found in IZUMO2 antibody-treated semen. Collectively, our results indicated that protein levels of SPACA4 and IZUMO2 in the spermatozoa were positively related to the reproductive performance of Landrace boars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hengxi Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yanting Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fenglei Gao
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, College of Guangdong Agriculture Industry Business Polytechnic, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510507, China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Technology Department, Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, Guangdong 527400, China
| | - Ping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shouquan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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21
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Walker BJ, Phuyal S, Ishimoto K, Tung CK, Gaffney EA. Computer-assisted beat-pattern analysis and the flagellar waveforms of bovine spermatozoa. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200769. [PMID: 32742702 PMCID: PMC7353979 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Obstructed by hurdles in information extraction, handling and processing, computer-assisted sperm analysis systems have typically not considered in detail the complex flagellar waveforms of spermatozoa, despite their defining role in cell motility. Recent developments in imaging techniques and data processing have produced significantly improved methods of waveform digitization. Here, we use these improvements to demonstrate that near-complete flagellar capture is realizable on the scale of hundreds of cells, and, further, that meaningful statistical comparisons of flagellar waveforms may be readily performed with widely available tools. Representing the advent of high-fidelity computer-assisted beat-pattern analysis, we show how such a statistical approach can distinguish between samples using complex flagellar beating patterns rather than crude summary statistics. Dimensionality-reduction techniques applied to entire samples also reveal qualitatively distinct components of the beat, and a novel data-driven methodology for the generation of representative synthetic waveform data is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Walker
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Shiva Phuyal
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Kenta Ishimoto
- Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chih-Kuan Tung
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Eamonn A. Gaffney
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
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22
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Abstract
Motility analysis of microswimmers has long been limited to a few model cell types and broadly restricted by technical challenges of high-resolution in vivo microscopy. Recently, interdisciplinary interest in detailed analysis of the motile behavior of various species has gained momentum. Here we describe a basic protocol for motility analysis of an important, highly diverse group of eukaryotic flagellate microswimmers, using high spatiotemporal resolution videomicroscopy. Further, we provide a special, time-dependent tomographic approach for the proof of rotational locomotion of periodically oscillating microswimmers, using the same data. Taken together, the methods describe part of an integrative approach to generate decisive information on three-dimensional in vivo motility from standard two-dimensional videomicroscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Krüger
- Lehrstuhl für Zell- und Entwicklungsbiologie, Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Engstler
- Lehrstuhl für Zell- und Entwicklungsbiologie, Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.
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23
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Adami LNG, de Lima BT, Andretta RR, Bertolla RP, Nichi M. Carnosine treatment during human semen processing by discontinuous density gradient. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13497. [PMID: 31793048 DOI: 10.1111/and.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of carnosine added during human semen processing. Semen samples from 34 patients were submitted to processing by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation without (control) or with different concentrations of carnosine supplementation as follows: (a) 20 mM of carnosine supplementation on the layers of Percoll; and (b) 50 mM carnosine supplementation. Sperm samples were then washed with human tubal fluid medium and evaluated according to sperm kinetics and functional assessment. For statistical analysis, data were evaluated by a general linear model or a Friedman test, whenever appropriate. The 50 mM carnosine supplementation led to improved sperm mitochondrial activity when compared to untreated samples. Motility variables, such as percentage of motile and progressively motile spermatozoa, average path velocity, straight line velocity, curvilinear velocity and linearity, showed an improvement after semen processing irrespective of carnosine supplementation. Both concentrations of carnosine increased the beat-cross frequency (BCF) when compared to samples before processing. We conclude that carnosine supplementation in semen samples benefits sperm mitochondrial activity and BCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Nayara Gallego Adami
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Tuani de Lima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rhayza Roberta Andretta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pimenta Bertolla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Nichi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Bompart D, Vázquez RF, Gómez R, Valverde A, Roldán ERS, García-Molina A, Soler C. Combined effects of type and depth of counting chamber, and rate of image frame capture, on bull sperm motility and kinematics. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 209:106169. [PMID: 31514930 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Semen quality assessment requires accurate, reliable and objective methods for examination of sperm variables including sperm motility. For preparation of semen samples for artificial insemination, as a genetic resource, samples that are used for insemination need to have the capacity to result in a highly acceptable fertility rate. Several methods have been developed for evaluation of bull sperm in laboratory conditions and for preparation of doses for artificial insemination. Computer-assisted semen analyses can provide objective information on various sperm variables. Nevertheless, this equipment requires fine-calibrations considering differences among species, breeds and conditions for sample evaluation and data analyses. In the present study, there was examination of the interaction between factors such as image frame rate and type and depth of counting chamber in which sperm were evaluated, together with differences between bulls of four breeds. The use of the Spermtrack® reusable 10 μm-depth chamber provided more reliable results than results obtained using disposable chambers (10 and 20 μm depth). A capture rate of at least 90 fps is required for assessment of sperm motility percentage, whereas a rate of 250 fps is needed for obtaining consistent kinematic data. Differences among breeds in the present study indicate conditions for sperm analyses should include specific equipment calibrations for each breed. These results contribute to development of more precise conditions for assessments of bull sperm quality taking into account breed differences and the requirement each breed has for the adequate evaluation and preparation of samples for artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daznia Bompart
- R+D Department, Projectes i Serveis R+D, S.L., Scientific Park of València University, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Gómez
- Xenética Fontao, Fontao-Esperante, 27210 Lugo, Spain
| | - Anthony Valverde
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, San Carlos Campus, 223-21001 Alajuela, Costa Rica; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Eduardo R S Roldán
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena García-Molina
- R+D Department, Projectes i Serveis R+D, S.L., Scientific Park of València University, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Carles Soler
- R+D Department, Projectes i Serveis R+D, S.L., Scientific Park of València University, 46980 Paterna, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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25
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Valverde A, Madrigal-Valverde M, Castro-Morales O, Gadea-Rivas A, Johnston S, Soler C. Kinematic and head morphometric characterisation of spermatozoa from the Brown Caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus). Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 207:9-20. [PMID: 31266600 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of analytical methods for the evaluation of crocodilian semen is an important component for the assessment of male breeding soundness and the development of assisted breeding technology in this taxon. Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) technology is becoming an increasingly common technique in seminal evaluations for animals but there has been no application of this technique for reptilian spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to analyse sperm kinematic and morphometric variables in Caiman crocodilus fuscus semen samples and to determine whether there were sperm subpopulations. Four ejaculates from four sexually mature captive caimans were used for this study. A CASA-Mot and CASA-Morph system was used with an image acquisition rate of 50 Hz for 2 s of capture. The ISAS®D4C20 counting chambers were used and spermatozoa incubated at 25 °C. Total and progressive motilities did not differ among animals (P > 0.05). There was a significant animal effect in the model with respect to sperm morphometry, and kinematic indices including linearity (LIN) and straightness (STR) (P < 0.05). Results for principal component (PC) analysis indicated variables were grouped into four components: PC1 related to velocity, PC2 to progressivity, PC3 to oscillation and PC4 to sperm path cross-linking. Subpopulation (SP) structure analysis indicated there were four groups, namely, rapid non-progressive (SP1), slow non-progressive (SP2), rapid progressive (SP3) and medium progressive (SP4), representing 14.5%, 45.4%, 18.7%, and 21.4% respectively. Findings in the present study indicate the importance of continuing development of reliable protocols regarding the standardisation of computer-based semen analyses in reptilian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Valverde
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, San Carlos Campus, 223-21001, Alajuela, Costa Rica; University of Valencia, Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Campus Burjassot, C/ Dr Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Mónica Madrigal-Valverde
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, San Carlos Campus, 223-21001, Alajuela, Costa Rica; Federal University of Bahia, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Olivier Castro-Morales
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, San Carlos Campus, 223-21001, Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Arnoldo Gadea-Rivas
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, San Carlos Campus, 223-21001, Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Stephen Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - Carles Soler
- University of Valencia, Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Campus Burjassot, C/ Dr Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain; Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of Valencia, C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino, 9, Building 3 (CUE), Floor 1, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Dearing C, Jayasena C, Lindsay K. Can the Sperm Class Analyser (SCA) CASA-Mot system for human sperm motility analysis reduce imprecision and operator subjectivity and improve semen analysis? HUM FERTIL 2019; 24:208-218. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2019.1610581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chey Dearing
- School of Health & Sport Science and School of Nursing, Eastern Institute of Technology, Taradale Campus, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand
| | - Channa Jayasena
- Andrology Laboratory, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kevin Lindsay
- Andrology Laboratory, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
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27
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Valverde A, Areán H, Fernández A, Bompart D, García-Molina A, López-Viana J, Soler C. Combined effect of type and capture area of counting chamber and diluent on Holstein bull sperm kinematics. Andrologia 2018; 51:e13223. [PMID: 30588646 DOI: 10.1111/and.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of sperm motion is crucial for processing of seminal doses for artificial insemination. Here, the combined effect of the type and capture area of three counting chambers, together with the type of diluent employed, on sperm motility was analysed. Ejaculates from thirteen Holstein bulls were used for sperm kinematic analysis with the ISAS® v1 CASA-Mot system, using two capillary-loaded counting chambers (Leja® and Cell-Vu® ) and one drop displacement chamber (Makler® ). Nine fixed positions were analysed per chamber type, considering central and lateral and three longitudinal fields. Independent of the diluent used, differences were found between the three chambers. Independent of the extender, no differences in x-axis were observed with Cell-Vu® , while using Leja® , some parameters showed lower values in the centre than in lateral areas. In both counting chambers, the lowest values were observed in the distal area. Results obtained with the two diluents were highly different with a very low correlation between them. In conclusion, the capture area inside the chambers leads to significant changes in sperm kinematic parameters and different dilution media introduce considerable differences in the motility patterns. It is necessary to optimise sampling methods and specific set-ups to be used with CASA-Mot technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Valverde
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, Alajuela, Costa Rica.,Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | - Daznia Bompart
- R+D Department, Projectes i Serveis R+D, S.L., Science Park of the València University, Paterna, Spain
| | - Almudena García-Molina
- R+D Department, Projectes i Serveis R+D, S.L., Science Park of the València University, Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Carles Soler
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,R+D Department, Projectes i Serveis R+D, S.L., Science Park of the València University, Paterna, Spain
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28
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Engel KM, Grunewald S, Schiller J, Paasch U. Automated semen analysis by SQA Vision®
versus the manual approach-A prospective double-blind study. Andrologia 2018; 51:e13149. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M. Engel
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, EAA Training Center of Andrology; University of Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Sonja Grunewald
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, EAA Training Center of Andrology; University of Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Uwe Paasch
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, EAA Training Center of Andrology; University of Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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29
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Holt WV, Cummins JM, Soler C. Computer-assisted sperm analysis and reproductive science; a gift for understanding gamete biology from multidisciplinary perspectives. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv30n6_fo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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