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Bonfim FFDO, Villar LM, Croda J, Silva SRD, Gonçalves CCM, de Castro VDOL, de Rezende Romeira GR, Cesar GA, Dos Santos Weis-Torres SM, Horta MA, Simionatto S, Motta-Castro ARC, de Paula VS. Epidemiological Survey of Human Alphaherpesvirus 2 (HSV-2) Infection in Indigenous People of Dourados Municipality, Central Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8040197. [PMID: 37104324 PMCID: PMC10143357 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HSV-2) causes genital ulcers, especially among sexually active adolescents and adults. We estimated the exact prevalence of anti-HSV-2 antibodies and correlated it with the demographic and behavioral aspects of the Indigenous population of the Jaguapirú and Bororó villages (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil). In total, 1360 individuals (>18 years old) were administered serologic tests. The prevalence of anti-HSV-2 IgM was 12.9%, that of anti-HSV-2 IgG was 57.2%, and 8.5% cases tested positive for both HSV-2 IgM and IgG. The prevalence of anti-HSV-2 antibodies was higher in females (59.5%) compared to males (49%), with an OR of 0.64 (0.49-0.83). Anti-HSV-2 antibodies were found in 14.2%, 12.3%, 15.4%, and 14.5% of participants with urinary problems, genital wounds, genital warts, and urethral discharge, respectively. In summary, the seroprevalence of HSV-2 in the Indigenous population was five times higher than that reported in the general adult Brazilian population. Educational level, income level, smoking, condom use, incarceration, illicit drug abuse, the sharing of used needles and syringes without adequate disinfection, homosexual relationships, prostitution, the sexual practices among drug users, and avoidance of contraceptive methods could contribute to the facilitation of HSV-2 transmission in the Indigenous population. Our results may help develop culturally appropriate intervention programs that eliminate health-access barriers and improve the implementation of public health policies aimed at promoting information regarding and preventing, treating, and controlling HSV-2 infection in Brazilian Indigenous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Julio Croda
- Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil
| | | | - Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Blood Center Sector, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil
- State Department of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79031350, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Alves Cesar
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Blood Center Sector, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Horta
- Biosafety Level 3 Platform (NB3), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79070900, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Blood Center Sector, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil
- Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 79070900, Brazil
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The association between herpes simplex virus type 1 infection and Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 82:63-70. [PMID: 33317741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence demonstrating the relationship between herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for relevant articles. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the qualities of these studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. We also performed subgroup analyses stratified by apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4), NOS score, and the method of confirming AD. A total of 21 studies between 1990 and 2020 were identified. The pooled OR suggested that HSV-1 infection is a risk factor of AD: pooled OR 1.40 (95% CI: 1.13-1.75; I2 = 3%, P = 0.42). In the subgroup analyses, the pooled ORs of HSV-1 infection associated with AD were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.24-2.37) among the APOE ε4-positive individuals; 0.85 (95% CI: 0.61-1.17) among the APOE ε4-negative individuals; 1.51 (95% CI: 1.10-2.06) in the high NOS score studies; 1.23 (95% CI: 0.85-1.76) in the moderate NOS score studies; 1.47 (95% CI: 1.16-1.87) in the clinical diagnosis group, and 1.20 (95% CI: 0.77-1.87) in the autopsy group. Our up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that HSV-1 infection is a risk factor of AD.
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Patzi-Churqui M, Terrazas-Aranda K, Liljeqvist JÅ, Lindh M, Eriksson K. Prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections and HPV high-risk genotypes in women in rural communities in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:204. [PMID: 32143643 PMCID: PMC7060520 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bolivia has the highest prevalence of cervical cancer in South America and the prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among people in urban cities is increasing. Little is known about the prevalence of viral STIs in rural communities, which generally have limited access to health care. In order to study the prevalence of viral STIs in rural Bolivia, we recruited women from villages and towns in the Department of La Paz in Bolivia. Methods Three hundred ninety-four female participants were assessed for IgG-antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV, anti-HBc), as well as for the presence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in dried blood spots. The prevalence of 12 high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) was assessed by qPCR in dried cervicovaginal cell spots from 376 of these women. χ2 test was used to compare variables between the populations and binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with the positivity of the tests. Results The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 53% and of HBV 10.3%. HBAg was detected in 15.8% of women with anti-HBV antibodies indicating chronic infection. The frequency of high-risk HPV infection was 27%, with the most prevalent high-risk HPV types being HPV 56, 39 and 31 followed by HPV 16 and 18. Finally, none of the 394 women were seropositive for HIV, and about 64% of the studied population was positive for at least one of the viral infections. Conclusions Women in Bolivian rural communities in La Paz show a high prevalence of HBV, HPV and, in particular, HSV-2. In contrast, none of the women were HIV positive, suggesting that the HIV prevalence in this population is low. The pattern of high-risk HPV types differed from many other countries with a predominance of HPV-types not included in the Gardasil vaccine which was officially introduced in Bolivia in April 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Patzi-Churqui
- Department of Rheumatology & Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Box 480, S-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Unidad de Virología, Inmunidad e Infección, Insituto SELADIS, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Katty Terrazas-Aranda
- Unidad de Virología, Inmunidad e Infección, Insituto SELADIS, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Jan-Åke Liljeqvist
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lindh
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Eriksson
- Department of Rheumatology & Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Box 480, S-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Reward EE, Muo SO, Orabueze INA, Ike AC. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Pathog Glob Health 2019; 113:229-237. [PMID: 31645218 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2019.1678938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A source of comprehensive information on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) can help researchers and policymakers address HSV related burden in the society. At the moment, this is not readily available. This study aims to fill this gap by attempting to estimate the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in Nigeria on the basis of published data. A systematic review and meta-analysis including cross-sectional studies on HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Nigeria was conducted. Electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, African Journals Online (AJOL), ScienceDirect, WHO-Afro Library, WHO-IRIS and African Index Medicus were searched for English Language publications on HSV-1 and HSV-2. Seven relevant publications were identified. Seroprevalence measures of 3 and 23 for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, were extracted. The pooled mean seroprevalences for HSV-1 and HSV-2 were 74.0% (37.4-99.4%) and 63.4% (56.1-70.4%) respectively. The mean seroprevalence of HSV-1 was higher among females, 82.4% (n = 509, CI, 36.6-100.0%), than males, 54.5% (n = 198, CI, 47.6-61.4%). The mean seroprevalence of HSV-2 were 51.8% (n = 1414, CI: 39.4-64.0%) and 86.5% (n = 162, CI: 80.8-91.3%) among healthy and clinical populations, respectively. The study was limited by the paucity of quality studies, variations in diagnostic methods and high heterogeneity in seroprevalence estimates. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 remain high in Nigeria. Large and representative national epidemiological surveys covering all regions and specific groups are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar E Reward
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Sophia O Muo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ibuchukwu N A Orabueze
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Anthony C Ike
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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A prospective study of the clinical characteristics of patients with herpes simplex and varicella zoster keratitis, presenting to a New Zealand emergency eye clinic. Cornea 2015; 34:279-84. [PMID: 25532996 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the demographic and clinical associations of patients presenting with herpetic keratitis in New Zealand compared with presentations of presumed microbial keratitis. METHODS A prospective, 6-month, observational case series of presumed microbial keratitis (including marginal keratitis), specifically identifying all cases of herpes simplex and varicella zoster keratitis attending an emergency eye clinic was conducted. Main outcome measures included demographics, presenting signs and symptoms, and medical, ocular, and drug history. RESULTS A total of 140 cases of herpetic keratitis were identified, which comprised 125 cases of herpes simplex virus (89%) and 15 cases of varicella zoster virus (11%). Herpes simplex keratitis was associated with a history of keratitis (n = 58, phi = 0.24, P < 0.0001), Maori ethnicity (n = 27, phi = 0.26, P < 0.0001), respiratory disease (n = 18, phi = 0.14, P = 0.009), corticosteroid use (n = 23, phi = 0.22, P < 0.0001), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (n = 10, phi = 0.11, P = 0.03). Inverse association was observed between herpes simplex keratitis and ocular surface disease (n = 8, phi = -0.16, P < 0.002) and Asian ethnicity (n = 4, phi = -0.11, P = 0.04). Varicella zoster keratitis was associated with CVD (n = 3, phi = 0.15, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Patients with asthma, CVD, on long-term corticosteroid inhalers or creams, or of Maori ethnicity need particular assessment to investigate herpes simplex as a possible cause of keratitis. Clinicians prescribing inhaled corticosteroids or topical corticosteroid creams should be aware of possible association with herpes simplex keratitis.
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