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Queiros Q, Saraux C, Dutto G, Gasset E, Marguerite A, Brosset P, Fromentin JM, McKenzie DJ. Is starvation a cause of overmortality of the Mediterranean sardine? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 170:105441. [PMID: 34411887 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Animal mortality is difficult to observe in marine systems, preventing a mechanistic understanding of major drivers of fish population dynamics. In particular, starvation is known to be a major cause of mortality at larval stages, but adult mortality is often unknown. In this study, we used a laboratory food-deprivation experiment, on wild caught sardine Sardina pilchardus from the Gulf of Lions. This population is interesting because mean individual phenotype shifted around 2008, becoming dominated by small, young individuals in poor body condition, a phenomenon that may result from declines in energy availability. Continuous monitoring of body mass loss and metabolic rate in 78 captive food-deprived individuals revealed that sardines could survive for up to 57 days on body reserves. Sardines submitted to long-term caloric restriction prior to food-deprivation displayed adaptive phenotypic plasticity, reducing metabolic energy expenditure and enduring starvation for longer than sardines that had not been calorie-restricted. Overall, entry into critical fasting phase 3 occurred at a body condition of 0.72. Such a degree of leanness has rarely been observed over 34 years of wild population monitoring. Still, the proportion of sardines below this threshold has doubled since 2008 and is maximal in January and February (the peak of the reproductive season), now reaching almost 10 % of the population at that time. These results indicate that the demographic changes observed in the wild may result in part from starvation-related adult mortality at the end of the winter reproductive period, despite adaptive plastic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Saraux
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France; IPHC UMR 7178, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, DEPE, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Gilbert Dutto
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Eric Gasset
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Amandine Marguerite
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France; MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Pablo Brosset
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Biologie Halieutique, ZI Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29 280, Plouzané, France; Université de Brest - UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin - IUEM, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - David J McKenzie
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Trondrud LM, Pigeon G, Król E, Albon S, Evans AL, Arnold W, Hambly C, Irvine RJ, Ropstad E, Stien A, Veiberg V, Speakman JR, Loe LE. Fat storage influences fasting endurance more than body size in an ungulate. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Monica Trondrud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - Gabriel Pigeon
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
- Département de Biologie Faculté des Sciences 2500 boul. de l'Université Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Elżbieta Król
- School of Biological Sciences Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | | | - Alina L. Evans
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Elverum Norway
| | - Walter Arnold
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Austria
| | - Catherine Hambly
- School of Biological Sciences Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - R. Justin Irvine
- The James Hutton Institute Aberdeen UK
- Frankfurt Zoological Society Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Faculty of Veterinary Science Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Audun Stien
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | | | - John R. Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Kunming China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Leif Egil Loe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
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Rimbach R, Blanc S, Zahariev A, Robin JP, Pillay N, Schradin C. Fat content of striped mice decreases during the breeding season but not during the food-restricted dry season. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.208504. [PMID: 31727761 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.208504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals that are capable of accumulating appropriate fat stores are assumed to have selective advantages when food becomes scarce. Similarly to species from temperate zones, some species inhabiting arid areas accumulate fat stores prior to periods of food limitation. Yet, we have little knowledge concerning seasonal variation in body composition and the relationship between fat store size and disappearance risk in species from arid habitats. Using the water dilution method, we examined the body composition of African striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) living in a seasonal habitat with a long food-restricted dry season. We tested for seasonal changes in body composition (N=159 measurements of 113 individuals) and whether dry season survival was related to fat mass (N=66 individuals). Fat stores were similar in size at the onset and the end of the dry season, but surprisingly smaller at the onset of the moist breeding season. Fat stores showed a negative relationship with food availability. Individual variation in fat stores was not associated with disappearance risk, but there was a positive association of disappearance risk with body mass. Increased disappearance risk of heavy individuals suggests elevated dispersal rates in competitive individuals. This study suggests that non-breeding philopatric striped mice do not accumulate large fat stores prior to the food-limited dry season but that they might mobilize fat stores at the onset of the breeding season to satisfy the energetic demands of reproduction and/or to decrease costs associated with larger fat stores, such as increased predation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rimbach
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Neville Pillay
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Carsten Schradin
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Kontsiotis VJ, Bakaloudis DE, Tsiompanoudis AC, Xofis P. Body condition variation of wild rabbit population in the north-east Mediterranean island of Lemnos — Greece. FOLIA ZOOLOGICA 2014. [DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v63.i2.a6.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios J. Kontsiotis
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 682 00 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Dimitrios E. Bakaloudis
- Department of Wildlife Management and Freshwater Fisheries, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 540 06 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos C. Tsiompanoudis
- Department of Wildlife Management and Freshwater Fisheries, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 540 06 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panteleimon Xofis
- Department of Forestry and Management of Natural Environment, Technological Educational Institute of Kavala, 1st km Drama-Mikrohori, 661 00 Drama, Greece
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Kontsiotis VJ, Bakaloudis DE, Tsiompanoudis AC. Key factors determining the seasonal population growth rate of European wild rabbits and their implications for management. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-013-0697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Eira C, Torres J, Miquel J, Vingada J. The helminth parasites of the wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus and their effect on host condition in Dunas de Mira, Portugal. J Helminthol 2007; 81:239-46. [PMID: 17594739 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x07727426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the helminth parasite community of the wild rabbit in a sand dune area in Portugal over a 5-year period. The influence of host sex and year on the composition of the helminth community is assessed, along with the potential effect of the detected helminths on host body condition. The basic structure of the helminth community comprises Mosgovoyia ctenoides, Graphidium strigosum, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Nematodiroides zembrae and Passalurus ambiguus. Mean intensities of G. strigosum varied between years. General G. strigosum intensities were also found to vary according to both year and host sex, but not according to the interaction of both factors. When assessing the effect of helminths on rabbit body condition (expressed by the kidney fat index), higher burdens of M. ctenoides, a cestode that presents a relatively large body mass, were found to induce a reduction in rabbit condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eira
- Laboratori de Parasitologia, Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, sn, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Cabrera M, del Puerto M, Olivero R, Otero E, Saadoun A. Growth, yield of carcass and biochemical composition of meat and fat in nutria (Myocastor coypus) reared in an intensive production system. Meat Sci 2007; 76:366-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Grémillet D, Kuntz G, Woakes AJ, Gilbert C, Robin JP, Le Maho Y, Butler PJ. Year-round recordings of behavioural and physiological parameters reveal the survival strategy of a poorly insulated diving endotherm during the Arctic winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 208:4231-41. [PMID: 16272246 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Warm-blooded diving animals wintering in polar regions are expected to show a high degree of morphological adaptation allowing efficient thermal insulation. In stark contrast to other marine mammals and seabirds living at high latitudes, Arctic great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo have very limited thermal insulation because of their partly permeable plumage. They nonetheless winter in Greenland, where they are exposed to very low air and water temperatures. To understand how poorly insulated diving endotherms survive the Arctic winter, we performed year-round recordings of heart rate, dive depth and abdominal temperature in male great cormorants using miniature data loggers. We also examined the body composition of individuals in the spring. Abdominal temperatures and heart rates of birds resting on land and diving showed substantial variability. However, neither hypothermia nor significantly lower heart rate levels were recorded during the winter months. Thus our data show no indication of general metabolic depression in great cormorants wintering in Greenland. Furthermore, great cormorants did not reduce their daily swimming time during the coldest months of the year to save energy; they continued to forage in sub-zero waters for over an hour every day. As birds spent extended periods in cold water and showed no signs of metabolic depression during the Arctic winter, their theoretical energy requirements were substantial. Using our field data and a published algorithm we estimated the daily food requirement of great cormorants wintering in Greenland to be 1170+/-110 g day(-1). This is twice the estimated food requirement of great cormorants wintering in Europe. Great cormorants survive the Arctic winter but we also show that they come close to starvation during the spring, with body reserves sufficient to fast for less than 3 days. Lack of body fuels was associated with drastically reduced body temperatures and heart rates in April and May. Concurrent, intense feeding activity probably allowed birds to restore body reserves. Our study is the first to record ecophysiological parameters in a polar animal on a year-round basis. It challenges the paradigm that efficient thermal insulation is a prerequisite to the colonization of polar habitats by endotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grémillet
- Centre d'Ecologie et Physiologie Energétiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France.
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