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Rogers GL, Huang C, Mathur A, Huang X, Chen HY, Stanten K, Morales H, Chang CH, Kezirian EJ, Cannon PM. Reprogramming human B cells with custom heavy-chain antibodies. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01240-4. [PMID: 39039240 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin locus of B cells can be reprogrammed by genome editing to produce custom or non-natural antibodies that are not induced by immunization. However, current strategies for antibody reprogramming require complex expression cassettes and do not allow for customization of the constant region of the antibody. Here we show that human B cells can be edited at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus to express heavy-chain-only antibodies that support alterations to both the fragment crystallizable domain and the antigen-binding domain, which can be based on both antibody and non-antibody components. Using the envelope protein (Env) from the human immunodeficiency virus as a model antigen, we show that B cells edited to express heavy-chain antibodies to Env support the regulated expression of B cell receptors and antibodies through alternative splicing and that the cells respond to the Env antigen in a tonsil organoid model of immunization. This strategy allows for the reprogramming of human B cells to retain the potential for in vivo amplification while producing molecules with flexibility of composition beyond that of standard antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Rogers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chun Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Atishay Mathur
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hsu-Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kalya Stanten
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heidy Morales
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chan-Hua Chang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Kezirian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paula M Cannon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Harris KE, Aldred SF, Davison LM, Ogana HAN, Boudreau A, Brüggemann M, Osborn M, Ma B, Buelow B, Clarke SC, Dang KH, Iyer S, Jorgensen B, Pham DT, Pratap PP, Rangaswamy US, Schellenberger U, van Schooten WC, Ugamraj HS, Vafa O, Buelow R, Trinklein ND. Sequence-Based Discovery Demonstrates That Fixed Light Chain Human Transgenic Rats Produce a Diverse Repertoire of Antigen-Specific Antibodies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:889. [PMID: 29740455 PMCID: PMC5928204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We created a novel transgenic rat that expresses human antibodies comprising a diverse repertoire of heavy chains with a single common rearranged kappa light chain (IgKV3-15-JK1). This fixed light chain animal, called OmniFlic, presents a unique system for human therapeutic antibody discovery and a model to study heavy chain repertoire diversity in the context of a constant light chain. The purpose of this study was to analyze heavy chain variable gene usage, clonotype diversity, and to describe the sequence characteristics of antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from immunized OmniFlic animals. Using next-generation sequencing antibody repertoire analysis, we measured heavy chain variable gene usage and the diversity of clonotypes present in the lymph node germinal centers of 75 OmniFlic rats immunized with 9 different protein antigens. Furthermore, we expressed 2,560 unique heavy chain sequences sampled from a diverse set of clonotypes as fixed light chain antibody proteins and measured their binding to antigen by ELISA. Finally, we measured patterns and overall levels of somatic hypermutation in the full B-cell repertoire and in the 2,560 mAbs tested for binding. The results demonstrate that OmniFlic animals produce an abundance of antigen-specific antibodies with heavy chain clonotype diversity that is similar to what has been described with unrestricted light chain use in mammals. In addition, we show that sequence-based discovery is a highly effective and efficient way to identify a large number of diverse monoclonal antibodies to a protein target of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biao Ma
- Teneobio, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Duy T Pham
- Teneobio, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Omid Vafa
- Teneobio, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, United States
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3
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Bonaud A, Lechouane F, Le Noir S, Monestier O, Cogné M, Sirac C. Efficient AID targeting of switch regions is not sufficient for optimal class switch recombination. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7613. [PMID: 26146363 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody affinity maturation relies on activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-dependent somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin (Ig) loci. Class switch recombination (CSR) can in parallel occur between AID-targeted, transcribed, spliced and repetitive switch (S) regions. AID thus initiates not only mutations but also double-strand breaks (DSBs). What governs the choice between those two outcomes remains uncertain. Here we explore whether insertion of transcribed intronic S regions in a locus (Igκ) strongly recruiting AID is sufficient for efficient CSR. Although strongly targeted by AID and carrying internal deletions, the knocked-in S regions only undergo rare CSR-like events. This model confirms S regions as exquisite SHM targets, extending AID activity far from transcription initiation sites, and shows that such spliced and repetitive AID targets are not sufficient by themselves for CSR. Beyond transcription and AID recruitment, additional IgH elements are thus needed for CSR, restricting this hazardous gene remodelling to IgH loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bonaud
- Immunology, CNRS UMR 7276, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Limoges, Limoges 87025, France
| | - Fabien Lechouane
- Immunology, CNRS UMR 7276, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Limoges, Limoges 87025, France
| | - Sandrine Le Noir
- Immunology, CNRS UMR 7276, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Limoges, Limoges 87025, France
| | - Olivier Monestier
- Immunology, CNRS UMR 7276, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Limoges, Limoges 87025, France
| | - Michel Cogné
- 1] Immunology, CNRS UMR 7276, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Limoges, Limoges 87025, France. [2] Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75000, France
| | - Christophe Sirac
- Immunology, CNRS UMR 7276, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Limoges, Limoges 87025, France
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4
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Xing Y, Ji Q, Lin Y, Fu M, Gao J, Zhang P, Hu X, Feng L, Liu Y, Han H, Li W. Positive selection of natural poly-reactive B cells in the periphery occurs independent of heavy chain allelic inclusion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125747. [PMID: 25993514 PMCID: PMC4437983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural autoreactive B cells are important mediators of autoimmune diseases. Receptor editing is known to play an important role in both central and peripheral B cell tolerance. However, the role of allelic inclusion in the development of natural autoreactive B cells is not clear. Previously, we generated μ chain (TgVH3B4I) and μ/κ chains (TgVH/L3B4) transgenic mice using transgene derived from the 3B4 hybridoma, which produce poly-reactive natural autoantibodies. In this study, we demonstrate that a considerable population of B cells edited their B cells receptors (BCRs) via light chain or heavy chain allelic inclusion during their development in TgVH3B4I mice. Additionally, allelic inclusion occurred more frequently in the periphery and promoted the differentiation of B cells into marginal zone or B-1a cells in TgVH3B4I mice. B cells from TgVH/L3B4 mice expressing the intact transgenic 3B4 BCR without receptor editing secreted poly-reactive 3B4 antibody. Interestingly, however, B cell that underwent allelic inclusion in TgVH3B4I mice also produced poly-reactive autoantibodies in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that receptor editing plays a minor role in the positive selection of B cells expressing natural poly-reactive BCRs, which can be positively selected through heavy chain allelic inclusion to retain their poly-reactivity in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jixin Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingbin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Peng C, Eckhardt LA. Role of the Igh intronic enhancer Eμ in clonal selection at the pre-B to immature B cell transition. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 191:4399-411. [PMID: 24058175 PMCID: PMC3810302 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously described a checkpoint for allelic exclusion that occurs at the pre-B cell to immature B cell transition and is dependent upon the IgH intronic enhancer, Eμ. We now provide evidence that the breach in allelic exclusion associated with Eμ deletion results from decreased Igμ levels that make it difficult for emerging BCRs to reach the signaling threshold required for positive selection into the immature B cell compartment. We show that this compartment is smaller in mice carrying an Eμ-deficient, but functional, IgH allele (VHΔ(a)). Pre-B cells in such mice produce ≈ 50% wild-type levels of Igμ (mRNA and protein), and this is associated with diminished signals, as measured by phosphorylation of pre-BCR/BCR downstream signaling proteins. Providing Eμ-deficient mice with a preassembled VL gene led not only to a larger immature B cell compartment but also to a decrease in "double-producers," suggesting that H chain/L chain combinations with superior signaling properties can overcome the signaling defect associated with low Igμ-chain and can eliminate the selective advantage of "double-producers" that achieve higher Igμ-chain levels through expression of a second IgH allele. Finally, we found that "double-producers" in Eμ-deficient mice include a subpopulation with autoreactive BCRs. We infer that BCRs with IgH chain from the Eμ-deficient allele are ignored during negative selection owing to their comparatively low density. In summary, these studies show that Eμ's effect on IgH levels at the pre-B cell to immature B cell transition strongly influences allelic exclusion, the breadth of the mature BCR repertoire, and the emergence of autoimmune B cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Clonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phosphorylation
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Laurel A. Eckhardt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
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6
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Lechouane F, Bonaud A, Delpy L, Casola S, Oruc Z, Chemin G, Cogné M, Sirac C. B-cell receptor signal strength influences terminal differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:619-28. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amélie Bonaud
- Université de Limoges; CNRS UMR 7276; Limoges; France
| | - Laurent Delpy
- Université de Limoges; CNRS UMR 7276; Limoges; France
| | - Stefano Casola
- IFOM; The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation; Milan; Italy
| | - Zeliha Oruc
- Université de Limoges; CNRS UMR 7276; Limoges; France
| | | | - Michel Cogné
- Université de Limoges; CNRS UMR 7276; Limoges; France
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7
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Makdasi E, Eilat D. L chain allelic inclusion does not increase autoreactivity in lupus-prone New Zealand Black/New Zealand White mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:1472-80. [PMID: 23319731 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
L chain allelic inclusion has been proposed as a B cell tolerance mechanism in addition to clonal deletion, clonal anergy, and receptor editing. It is said to rescue autoreactive B cells from elimination by diluting out the self-reactive BCR through the expression of a second innocuous L chain. In autoimmune animals, such as lupus-prone mice, allelically included B cells could be activated and produce pathogenic autoantibodies. We have previously shown that anti-DNA hybridomas from diseased New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 mice exhibit nearly perfect allelic exclusion. In the current study, we have analyzed single B cells from these and from nonautoimmune mice. In addition, we have cloned and expressed the Ig variable regions of several L chain-included B cells in cell culture. We find that although the number of L chain-included B cells increases as a result of receptor editing, the majority of such cells do not retain an autoreactive HxL chain combination and, therefore, allelic inclusion in itself does not serve as a B cell tolerance mechanism in these autoimmune mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efi Makdasi
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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8
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Sirac C, Bender S, Jaccard A, Bridoux F, Lacombe C, Touchard G, Cogné M. Strategies to model AL amyloidosis in mice. Amyloid 2011; 18 Suppl 1:45-7. [PMID: 21838428 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2011.574354016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Sirac
- CNRS UMR 6101, 2 rue Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
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10
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Identification of Igσ and Igλ in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and Igλ in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Immunogenetics 2009; 61:353-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-009-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Witsch EJ, Bettelheim E. Allelic and Isotypic Light Chain Inclusion in Peripheral B Cells from Anti-DNA Antibody Transgenic C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:3708-18. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.6.3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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