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Mondal K, Pal A, Panda B, Pradhan M. Oxygen-Isotope Exchange between CO 2 and NO 2 with Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4430-4436. [PMID: 38626390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating isotope exchange between atmospheric trace molecular species is important for environment monitoring, climate control studies, and a fundamental understanding of atmospheric chemistry. Here, we provide direct experimental evidence of oxygen-isotopic exchange between carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which are simultaneously emitted into the atmosphere from common sources. A combined near-infrared and UV-vis optical cavity-enhanced experimental investigation along with quantum-chemical calculations followed by a reaction modeling study revealed that CO2 and NO2 can communicate isotopically by near-ultraviolet-driven NO2 photolysis. Our results found evidence for a near-barrierless (1.67 kcal/mol) nitrate-containing complex having a very short lifetime (∼13 ns) which facilitates the transfer of 18O-isotopes from 18O12C16O to N16O16O, leading to isotopic depletion of 18O in 18O12C16O, thus opening a new gas-phase isotope-selective chemical transformation mechanism in the lower atmosphere. This isotope exchange study may serve as a new window into the fundamental understanding of isotopic photochemistry, oxygen isotopic fractionations, and climate modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Mondal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata-700106, India
| | - Ardhendu Pal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata-700106, India
| | - Biswajit Panda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata-700106, India
| | - Manik Pradhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata-700106, India
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Yang JW, Brandon M, Landais A, Duchamp-Alphonse S, Blunier T, Prié F, Extier T. Global biosphere primary productivity changes during the past eight glacial cycles. Science 2022; 375:1145-1151. [PMID: 35271325 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj8826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Global biosphere productivity is the largest uptake flux of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and it plays an important role in past and future carbon cycles. However, global estimation of biosphere productivity remains a challenge. Using the ancient air enclosed in polar ice cores, we present the first 800,000-year record of triple isotopic ratios of atmospheric oxygen, which reflects past global biosphere productivity. We observe that global biosphere productivity in the past eight glacial intervals was lower than that in the preindustrial era and that, in most cases, it starts to increase millennia before deglaciations. Both variations occur concomitantly with CO2 changes, implying a dominant control of CO2 on global biosphere productivity that supports a pervasive negative feedback under the glacial climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woong Yang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris Saclay/CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Margaux Brandon
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris Saclay/CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Géosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Amaëlle Landais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris Saclay/CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Thomas Blunier
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, København N, Denmark
| | - Frédéric Prié
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris Saclay/CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Extier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris Saclay/CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Adnew GA, Hofmann ME, Paul D, Laskar A, Surma J, Albrecht N, Pack A, Schwieters J, Koren G, Peters W, Röckmann T. Determination of the triple oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of CO 2 from atomic ion fragments formed in the ion source of the 253 Ultra high-resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1363-1380. [PMID: 31063233 PMCID: PMC6771542 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Determination of δ17 O values directly from CO2 with traditional gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry is not possible due to isobaric interference of 13 C16 O16 O on 12 C17 O16 O. The methods developed so far use either chemical conversion or isotope equilibration to determine the δ17 O value of CO2 . In addition, δ13 C measurements require correction for the interference from 12 C17 O16 O on 13 C16 O16 O since it is not possible to resolve the two isotopologues. METHODS We present a technique to determine the δ17 O, δ18 O and δ13 C values of CO2 from the fragment ions that are formed upon electron ionization in the ion source of the Thermo Scientific 253 Ultra high-resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer (hereafter 253 Ultra). The new technique is compared with the CO2 -O2 exchange method and the 17 O-correction algorithm for δ17 O and δ13 C values, respectively. RESULTS The scale contractions for δ13 C and δ18 O values are slightly larger for fragment ion measurements than for molecular ion measurements. The δ17 O and Δ17 O values of CO2 can be measured on the 17 O+ fragment with an internal error that is a factor 1-2 above the counting statistics limit. The ultimate precision depends on the signal intensity and on the total time that the 17 O+ beam is monitored; a precision of 14 ppm (parts per million) (standard error of the mean) was achieved in 20 hours at the University of Göttingen. The Δ17 O measurements with the O-fragment method agree with the CO2 -O2 exchange method over a range of Δ17 O values of -0.3 to +0.7‰. CONCLUSIONS Isotope measurements on atom fragment ions of CO2 can be used as an alternative method to determine the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of CO2 without chemical processing or corrections for mass interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew A. Adnew
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)Utrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Magdalena E.G. Hofmann
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)Utrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Dipayan Paul
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)Utrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
- Centre for Isotope ResearchUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Amzad Laskar
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)Utrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Jakub Surma
- Geoscience Center GöttingenGeorg‐August‐University GöttingenGermany
| | - Nina Albrecht
- Geoscience Center GöttingenGeorg‐August‐University GöttingenGermany
| | - Andreas Pack
- Geoscience Center GöttingenGeorg‐August‐University GöttingenGermany
| | | | - Gerbrand Koren
- Department of Meteorology and Air QualityWageningen UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter Peters
- Centre for Isotope ResearchUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Meteorology and Air QualityWageningen UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Röckmann
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)Utrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
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Liang MC, Mahata S, Laskar AH, Thiemens MH, Newman S. Oxygen isotope anomaly in tropospheric CO 2 and implications for CO 2 residence time in the atmosphere and gross primary productivity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13180. [PMID: 29030617 PMCID: PMC5640618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance variations of near surface atmospheric CO2 isotopologues (primarily 16O12C16O, 16O13C16O, 17O12C16O, and 18O12C16O) represent an integrated signal from anthropogenic/biogeochemical processes, including fossil fuel burning, biospheric photosynthesis and respiration, hydrospheric isotope exchange with water, and stratospheric photochemistry. Oxygen isotopes, in particular, are affected by the carbon and water cycles. Being a useful tracer that directly probes governing processes in CO2 biogeochemical cycles, Δ17O (=ln(1 + δ17O) - 0.516 × ln(1 + δ18O)) provides an alternative constraint on the strengths of the associated cycles involving CO2. Here, we analyze Δ17O data from four places (Taipei, Taiwan; South China Sea; La Jolla, United States; Jerusalem, Israel) in the northern hemisphere (with a total of 455 measurements) and find a rather narrow range (0.326 ± 0.005‰). A conservative estimate places a lower limit of 345 ± 70 PgC year-1 on the cycling flux between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere and infers a residence time of CO2 of 1.9 ± 0.3 years (upper limit) in the atmosphere. A Monte Carlo simulation that takes various plant uptake scenarios into account yields a terrestrial gross primary productivity of 120 ± 30 PgC year-1 and soil invasion of 110 ± 30 PgC year-1, providing a quantitative assessment utilizing the oxygen isotope anomaly for quantifying CO2 cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Chang Liang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Sasadhar Mahata
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amzad H Laskar
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mark H Thiemens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Sally Newman
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
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Oxygen anomaly in near surface carbon dioxide reveals deep stratospheric intrusion. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11352. [PMID: 26081178 PMCID: PMC4469951 DOI: 10.1038/srep11352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stratosphere-troposphere exchange could be enhanced by tropopause folding, linked to variability in the subtropical jet stream. Relevant to tropospheric biogeochemistry is irreversible transport from the stratosphere, associated with deep intrusions. Here, oxygen anomalies in near surface air CO2 are used to study the irreversible transport from the stratosphere, where the triple oxygen isotopes of CO2 are distinct from those originating from the Earth’s surface. We show that the oxygen anomaly in CO2 is observable at sea level and the magnitude of the signal increases during the course of our sampling period (September 2013-February 2014), concordant with the strengthening of the subtropical jet system and the East Asia winter monsoon. The trend of the anomaly is found to be 0.1‰/month (R2 = 0.6) during the jet development period in October. Implications for utilizing the oxygen anomaly in CO2 for CO2 biogeochemical cycle study and stratospheric intrusion flux at the surface are discussed.
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Unexpected variations in the triple oxygen isotope composition of stratospheric carbon dioxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:17680-5. [PMID: 23940331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1213082110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report observations of stratospheric CO2 that reveal surprisingly large anomalous enrichments in (17)O that vary systematically with latitude, altitude, and season. The triple isotope slopes reached 1.95 ± 0.05(1σ) in the middle stratosphere and 2.22 ± 0.07 in the Arctic vortex versus 1.71 ± 0.03 from previous observations and a remarkable factor of 4 larger than the mass-dependent value of 0.52. Kinetics modeling of laboratory measurements of photochemical ozone-CO2 isotope exchange demonstrates that non-mass-dependent isotope effects in ozone formation alone quantitatively account for the (17)O anomaly in CO2 in the laboratory, resolving long-standing discrepancies between models and laboratory measurements. Model sensitivities to hypothetical mass-dependent isotope effects in reactions involving O3, O((1)D), or CO2 and to an empirically derived temperature dependence of the anomalous kinetic isotope effects in ozone formation then provide a conceptual framework for understanding the differences in the isotopic composition and the triple isotope slopes between the laboratory and the stratosphere and between different regions of the stratosphere. This understanding in turn provides a firmer foundation for the diverse biogeochemical and paleoclimate applications of (17)O anomalies in tropospheric CO2, O2, mineral sulfates, and fossil bones and teeth, which all derive from stratospheric CO2.
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Yeung LY, Young ED, Schauble EA. Measurements of18O18O and17O18O in the atmosphere and the role of isotope-exchange reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mahata S, Bhattacharya SK, Wang CH, Liang MC. An improved CeO2 method for high-precision measurements of 17O/16O ratios for atmospheric carbon dioxide. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1909-1922. [PMID: 22847689 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The oxygen isotopic composition of carbon dioxide originating at the Earth's surface is modified in the stratosphere by interaction with ozone which has anomalous oxygen isotope ratio (Δ(17)O = 1000 * ln(1 + δ(17)O/1000) - 0.522 * 1000 * ln (1 + δ(18)O/1000) >0). The inherited anomaly provides a powerful tracer for studying biogeochemical cycles involving CO(2). However, the existing methods are either too imprecise or have difficulty in determining the small Δ(17)O variations found in the tropospheric CO(2). In this study an earlier published CeO(2) and CO(2) exchange method has been modified and improved for measuring the Δ(17)O values of atmospheric carbon dioxide with high precision. METHODS The CO(2) fraction from air samples was separated by cryogenic means and purified using gas chromatography. This CO(2) was first analyzed in an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, then artificially equilibrated with hot CeO(2) to alter its oxygen isotopes mass-dependently and re-analyzed. From these data the (17)O/(16)O and (18)O/(16)O ratios were calculated and the Δ(17)O value was determined. RESULTS The validity of the method was established in several tests by using artificially prepared CO(2) with zero and non-zero Δ(17)O values. The published value of the CO(2)-H(2) O equilibrium slope was also reproduced. CONCLUSIONS The CO(2)-CeO(2) equilibration method has been improved to measure the oxygen isotope anomaly (Δ(17)O value) of atmospheric CO(2) with an analytical precision of ±0.12‰ (2σ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasadhar Mahata
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Yeung LY, Okumura M, Zhang J, Minton TK, Paci JT, Karton A, Martin JML, Camden JP, Schatz GC. O(3P) + CO2 Collisions at Hyperthermal Energies: Dynamics of Nonreactive Scattering, Oxygen Isotope Exchange, and Oxygen-Atom Abstraction. J Phys Chem A 2011; 116:64-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2080379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Y. Yeung
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mitchio Okumura
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Timothy K. Minton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Paci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amir Karton
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL-76100, Israel
| | - Jan M. L. Martin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL-76100, Israel
| | - Jon P. Camden
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Large and unexpected enrichment in stratospheric 16O13C18O and its meridional variation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:11496-501. [PMID: 19564595 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0902930106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stratospheric CO(2) oxygen isotope budget is thought to be governed primarily by the O((1)D)+CO(2) isotope exchange reaction. However, there is increasing evidence that other important physical processes may be occurring that standard isotopic tools have been unable to identify. Measuring the distribution of the exceedingly rare CO(2) isotopologue (16)O(13)C(18)O, in concert with (18)O and (17)O abundances, provides sensitivities to these additional processes and, thus, is a valuable test of current models. We identify a large and unexpected meridional variation in stratospheric (16)O(13)C(18)O, observed as proportions in the polar vortex that are higher than in any naturally derived CO(2) sample to date. We show, through photochemical experiments, that lower (16)O(13)C(18)O proportions observed in the midlatitudes are determined primarily by the O((1)D)+CO(2) isotope exchange reaction, which promotes a stochastic isotopologue distribution. In contrast, higher (16)O(13)C(18)O proportions in the polar vortex show correlations with long-lived stratospheric tracer and bulk isotope abundances opposite to those observed at midlatitudes and, thus, opposite to those easily explained by O((1)D)+CO(2). We believe the most plausible explanation for this meridional variation is either an unrecognized isotopic fractionation associated with the mesospheric photochemistry of CO(2) or temperature-dependent isotopic exchange on polar stratospheric clouds. Unraveling the ultimate source of stratospheric (16)O(13)C(18)O enrichments may impose additional isotopic constraints on biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange, biosphere productivity, and their respective responses to climate change.
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Liang MC, Yung YL. Modeling the distribution of H2O and HDO in the upper atmosphere of Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bhattacharya SK, Pandey A, Savarino J. Determination of intramolecular isotope distribution of ozone by oxidation reaction with silver metal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao‐Chang Liang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | - Yuk L. Yung
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
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