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Suzuki T, Sakai S, Ota K, Yoshida M, Uchida C, Niida H, Suda T, Kitagawa M, Ohhata T. Expression of Tumor Suppressor FHIT Is Regulated by the LINC00173-SNAIL Axis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17011. [PMID: 38069335 PMCID: PMC10707390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in a variety of human diseases such as cancer. Here, to elucidate a novel function of a lncRNA called LINC00173, we investigated its binding partner, target gene, and its regulatory mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma, including the A549 cell line and patients. In the A549 cell line, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays revealed that LINC00173 efficiently binds to SNAIL. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that the expression of FHIT was decreased upon LINC00173 depletion, indicating that FHIT is a target gene of LINC00173. Overexpression of SNAIL suppressed and depletion of SNAIL increased the expression of FHIT, indicating that SNAIL negatively regulates FHIT. The downregulation of FHIT expression upon LINC00173 depletion was restored by additional SNAIL depletion, revealing a LINC00173-SNAIL-FHIT axis for FHIT regulation. Data from 501 patients with lung adenocarcinoma also support the existence of a LINC00173-SNAIL-FHIT axis, as FHIT expression correlated positively with LINC00173 (p = 1.75 × 10-6) and negatively with SNAIL (p = 7.00 × 10-5). Taken together, we propose that LINC00173 positively regulates FHIT gene expression by binding to SNAIL and inhibiting its function in human lung adenocarcinoma. Thus, this study sheds light on the LINC00173-SNAIL-FHIT axis, which may be a key mechanism for carcinogenesis and progression in human lung adenocarcinoma.
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Grants
- 19H03501 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- 22H02901 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- 20K07569 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- NA Project Mirai Cancer Research Grants, the Princes Takamatsu Cancer Research Foundation
- NA The Smoking Research Foundation
- NA Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Grant-in-Aid
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ota
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Mika Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Chiharu Uchida
- Advanced Research Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Niida
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kitagawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohhata
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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Paduano F, Gaudio E, Trapasso F. The Tumour Suppressor Fhit Protein Activates C-Raf Ubiquitination and Degradation in Human Melanoma Cells by Interacting with Hsp90. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102551. [PMID: 36289813 PMCID: PMC9599145 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fhit protein expression is reduced in the majority of human tumors; moreover, its restoration both triggers apoptosis of cancer cells and suppresses tumor formation in a large number of preclinical models of cancers. In the following study, we observed that Fhit expression is significantly reduced in human melanoma cells, and their in vivo growth is blocked by a recombinant adenovirus carrying the FHIT gene. Importantly, we found here that Fhit physically interacts with Hsp90. Since Hsp90 is a chaperone with a crucial function in the conformational maturation and stabilization of C-Raf, we also investigated whether Fhit could interfere with the Hsp90/C-Raf protein complex in melanoma. Interestingly, the administration of the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG, in combination with Fhit protein overexpression in melanoma cells, reacts synergistically to increase C-Raf ubiquitination and degradation. These data reveal Hsp90 as a novel interactor of Fhit and suggest that FHIT activity restoration could represent a helpful strategy for suppressing the oncogenic C-Raf pathway in the therapy of human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paduano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Stem Cells and Medical Genetics Units, Tecnologica Research Institute and Marrelli Health, 88900 Crotone, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- DTI-Tech, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Herzog D, Jansen J, Mißun M, Diederichs K, Stengel F, Marx A. Chemical Proteomics of the Tumor Suppressor Fhit Covalently Bound to the Cofactor Ap 3A Elucidates Its Inhibitory Action on Translation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8613-8623. [PMID: 35522782 PMCID: PMC9121386 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein fragile histidine triad (Fhit) is known to be associated with genomic instability and apoptosis. The tumor-suppressive function of Fhit depends on the interaction with the alarmone diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A), a noncanonical nucleotide whose concentration increases upon cellular stress. How the Fhit-Ap3A complex exerts its signaling function is unknown. Here, guided by a chemical proteomics approach employing a synthetic stable Fhit-Ap3A complex, we found that the Fhit-Ap3A complex, but not Fhit or Ap3A alone, impedes translation. Our findings provide a mechanistic model in which Fhit translocates from the nucleolus into the cytosol upon stress to form an Fhit-Ap3A complex. The Fhit-Ap3A complex impedes translation both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in reduced cell viability. Overall, our findings provide a mechanistic model by which the tumor suppressor Fhit collaborates with the alarmone Ap3A to regulate cellular proliferation.
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Sjölander JJ, Sunnerhagen P. The fission yeast FHIT homolog affects checkpoint control of proliferation and is regulated by mitochondrial electron transport. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:412-423. [PMID: 31538680 PMCID: PMC7003880 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genetic analysis has strongly implicated human FHIT (Fragile Histidine Triad) as a tumor suppressor gene, being mutated in a large proportion of early‐stage cancers. The functions of the FHIT protein have, however, remained elusive. Here, we investigated aph1+, the fission yeast homolog of FHIT, for functions related to checkpoint control and oxidative metabolism. In sublethal concentrations of DNA damaging agents, aph1Δ mutants grew with a substantially shorter lag phase. In aph1Δ mutants carrying a hypomorphic allele of cds1 (the fission yeast homolog of Chk2), in addition, increased chromosome fragmentation and missegregation were found. We also found that under hypoxia or impaired electron transport function, the Aph1 protein level was strongly depressed. Previously, FHIT has been linked to regulation of the human 9‐1‐1 checkpoint complex constituted by Hus1, Rad1, and Rad9. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the levels of all three 9‐1‐1 proteins are all downregulated by hypoxia in similarity with Aph1. Moreover, deletion of the aph1+ gene reduced the Rad1 protein level, indicating a direct relationship between these two proteins. We conclude that the fission yeast FHIT homolog has a role in modulating DNA damage checkpoint function, possibly through an effect on the 9‐1‐1 complex, and that this effect may be critical under conditions of limiting oxidative metabolism and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Sjölander
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Lundberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 462, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Lundberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 462, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
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Druck T, Cheung DG, Park D, Trapasso F, Pichiorri F, Gaspari M, Palumbo T, Aqeilan RI, Gaudio E, Okumura H, Iuliano R, Raso C, Green K, Huebner K, Croce CM. Fhit-Fdxr interaction in the mitochondria: modulation of reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:147. [PMID: 30770797 PMCID: PMC6377664 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fhit protein is lost in cancers of most, perhaps all, cancer types; when restored, it can induce apoptosis and suppress tumorigenicity, as shown in vitro and in mouse tumor models in vivo. Following protein cross-linking and proteomics analyses, we characterized a Fhit protein complex involved in triggering Fhit-mediated apoptosis. The complex includes the heat-shock chaperonin pair, HSP60/10, which is likely involved in importing Fhit into the mitochondria, where it interacts with ferredoxin reductase, responsible for transferring electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 via ferredoxin, in electron transport chain complex III. Overexpression of Fhit protein in Fhit-deficient cancer cells modulates the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, causing increased ROS, following peroxide treatment, with subsequent increased apoptosis of lung cancer cells under oxidative stress conditions; conversely, Fhit-negative cells escape ROS overproduction and ROS-induced apoptosis, likely carrying oxidative damage. Thus, characterization of Fhit-interacting proteins has identified direct effectors of a Fhit-mediated apoptotic signal pathway that is lost in many cancers. This is of translational interest considering the very recent emphasis in a number of high-profile publications, concerning the role of oxidative phosphorylation in the treatment of human cancers, and especially cancer stem cells that rely upon oxidative phosphorylation for survival. Additionally, we have shown that cells from a Fhit-deficient lung cancer cell line, are sensitive to killing by exposure to atovaquone, thought to act as a selective oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor by targeting the CoQ10 dependence of the mitochondrial complex III, while the Fhit-expressing sister clone is resistant to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Druck
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Douglas G Cheung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dongju Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Tiziana Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale Preclinica e Clinica, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Okumura
- Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Cinzia Raso
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kari Green
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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In vivo identification of novel TGIF2LX target genes in colorectal adenocarcinoma using the cDNA-AFLP method. Arab J Gastroenterol 2018; 19:65-70. [PMID: 29960902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Homeobox-containing genes are composed of a group of regulatory genes encoding transcription factors involved in the control of developmental processes. The homeodomain proteins could activate or repress the expression of downstream target genes. This study was conducted to in vivo identify the potential target gene(s) of TGIF2LX in colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS A human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, SW48, was transfected with the recombinant pEGFPN1-TGIF2LX. The cells were injected subcutaneously into the flank of the three groups of 6-week-old female athymic C56BL/6 nude mice (n = 6 per group). The transcript profiles in the developed tumours were investigated using the cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) technique. RESULTS The real-time RT-PCR and DNA sequencing data for the identified genes indicated that the N-terminal domain-interacting receptor 1 (Nir1) gene was suppressed whereas Nir2 and fragile histidine triad (FHIT) genes were upregulated followed by the overexpression of TGIF2LX gene. CONCLUSION Downregulation of Nir1 and upregulation of Nir2 and FHIT genes due to the overexpression of TGIF2LX suggests that the gene plays an important role as a suppressor in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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7
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Lee TG, Jeong EH, Kim SY, Kim HR, Kim H, Kim CH. Fhit, a tumor suppressor protein, induces autophagy via 14-3-3τ in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31923-31937. [PMID: 28404875 PMCID: PMC5458259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the fragile histidine triad (Fhit) gene has been reported in the majority of human cancers, particularly in lung cancer. The role of Fhit as a tumor suppressor gene has been well documented, and restoration of Fhit expression suppresses tumorigenicity in tumor cell lines and in mouse models by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of tumor cells. Autophagy is a catabolic pathway, whereby cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are sequestered in vacuoles and delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Although autophagy is necessary for cell survival under stress conditions, recent studies have shown that autophagy can also promote cell death. Due to the fact that both autophagy induction and Fhit expression are commonly associated with nutrient starvation, we hypothesized that Fhit expression may be related to autophagy induction. In the present study, we assessed whether Fhit overexpression by gene transfer induces autophagy in Fhit-deficient non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The results of our study indicate that Fhit protein induces autophagy in NSCLC cells, and that this autophagy prevents apoptotic cell death in vivo and in vitro in a 14-3-3τ protein-dependent manner. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe Fhit-induced autophagy. Suppressing autophagy might be a promising therapeutic option to enhance the efficacy of Fhit gene therapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Gul Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Hui Jeong
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Yun Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryoun Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hyeon Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Gaudio E, Paduano F, Ngankeu A, Ortuso F, Lovat F, Pinton S, D'Agostino S, Zanesi N, Aqeilan RI, Campiglia P, Novellino E, Alcaro S, Croce CM, Trapasso F. A Fhit-mimetic peptide suppresses annexin A4-mediated chemoresistance to paclitaxel in lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29927-36. [PMID: 27166255 PMCID: PMC5058653 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that Fhit is in a molecular complex with annexin A4 (ANXA4); following to their binding, Fhit delocalizes ANXA4 from plasma membrane to cytosol in paclitaxel-resistant lung cancer cells, thus restoring their chemosensitivity to the drug. Here, we demonstrate that Fhit physically interacts with A4 through its N-terminus; molecular dynamics simulations were performed on a 3D Fhit model to rationalize its mechanism of action. This approach allowed for the identification of the QHLIKPS heptapeptide (position 7 to 13 of the wild-type Fhit protein) as the smallest Fhit sequence still able to preserve its ability to bind ANXA4. Interestingly, Fhit peptide also recapitulates the property of the native protein in inhibiting Annexin A4 translocation from cytosol to plasma membrane in A549 and Calu-2 lung cancer cells treated with paclitaxel. Finally, the combination of Tat-Fhit peptide and paclitaxel synergistically increases the apoptotic rate of cultured lung cancer cells and blocks in vivo tumor formation. Our findings address to the identification of chemically simplified Fhit derivatives that mimic Fhit tumor suppressor functions; intriguingly, this approach might lead to the generation of novel anticancer drugs to be used in combination with conventional therapies in Fhit-negative tumors to prevent or delay chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Virology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Lymphoma & Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Græcia, Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Paduano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Græcia, Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Apollinaire Ngankeu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Virology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, University Magna Græcia, Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Lovat
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Virology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandra Pinton
- Lymphoma & Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Græcia, Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Zanesi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Virology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Virology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, University Magna Græcia, Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Virology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Græcia, Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
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Konno M, Asai A, Kawamoto K, Nishida N, Satoh T, Doki Y, Mori M, Ishii H. The one-carbon metabolism pathway highlights therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1057-1063. [PMID: 28259896 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
After the initial use of anti-folates for treatment of malignancies, folate metabolism has emerged as a rational diagnostic and therapeutic target in gastrointestinal cancer. The one-carbon metabolic pathway, which comprises three critical reactions (i.e., folate and methionine cycles), underlies this effect in conjunction with the trans-sulfuration pathway. Understanding of the one-carbon metabolism pathway has served to unravel the link between the causes and effects of cancer phenotypes leading to several seminal discoveries such as that of diadenosine tri-phosphate hydrolase, microRNAs, 5-FU and, more recently, trifluridine. In the folate cycle, glycine and serine fuel the mitochondrial enzymes SHMT2, MTHFD2 and ALDH1L2, which play critical roles in the cancer survival and proliferation presumably through purine production. In the methionine cycle, S-adenocyl methionine serves hydrocarbons and polyamines that are critical for the epigenetic controls. The trans-sulfuration pathway is a critical component in the synthesis of glutathione, which is involved in the production of reactive oxygen species in cancer stem cells. Therefore, characterization of one-carbon metabolism is indispensable to the development of precision medicine in the context of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. In the present study, we review the historical issues associated with one-carbon metabolism and highlight the recent advances in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayumu Asai
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taroh Satoh
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Kiss DL, Waters CE, Ouda IM, Saldivar JC, Karras JR, Amin ZA, Mahrous S, Druck T, Bundschuh RA, Schoenberg DR, Huebner K. Identification of Fhit as a post-transcriptional effector of Thymidine Kinase 1 expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:374-382. [PMID: 28093273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
FHIT is a genome caretaker gene that is silenced in >50% of cancers. Loss of Fhit protein expression promotes accumulation of DNA damage, affects apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, though molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations have not been fully elucidated. Initiation of genome instability directly follows Fhit loss and the associated reduced Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) protein expression. The effects on TK1 of Fhit knockdown and Fhit induction in the current study confirmed the role of Fhit in regulating TK1 expression. Changes in Fhit expression did not impact TK1 protein turnover or transcription from the TK1 promoter, nor steady-state levels of TK1 mRNA or turnover. Polysome profile analysis showed that up-regulated Fhit expression resulted in decreased TK1 RNA in non-translating messenger ribonucleoproteins and increased ribosome density on TK1 mRNA. Fhit does not bind RNA but its expression increased luciferase expression from a transgene bearing the TK1 5'-UTR. Fhit has been reported to act as a scavenger decapping enzyme, and a similar result with a mutant (H96) that binds but does not cleave nucleoside 5',5'-triphosphates suggests the impact on TK1 translation is due to its ability to modulate the intracellular level of cap-like molecules. Consistent with this, cells expressing Fhit mutants with reduced activity toward cap-like dinucleotides exhibit DNA damage resulting from TK1 deficiency, whereas cells expressing wild-type Fhit or the H96N mutant do not. The results have implications for the mechanism by which Fhit regulates TK1 mRNA, and more broadly, for its modulation of multiple functions as tumor suppressor/genome caretaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Kiss
- Center for RNA Biology, 484 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, 1060 Carmack Rd., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Catherine E Waters
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Iman M Ouda
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd floor, Surgery Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Joshua C Saldivar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jenna R Karras
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Zaynab A Amin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Seham Mahrous
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd floor, Surgery Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Teresa Druck
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ralf A Bundschuh
- Center for RNA Biology, 484 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Daniel R Schoenberg
- Center for RNA Biology, 484 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, 1060 Carmack Rd., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Gaudio E, Paduano F, Croce CM, Trapasso F. The Fhit protein: an opportunity to overcome chemoresistance. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:3147-3150. [PMID: 27852977 PMCID: PMC5191891 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Virology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Lymphoma & Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University , Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Paduano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University , Catanzaro, Italy
- Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Virology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University , Catanzaro, Italy
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12
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Schrock MS, Karras JR, Guggenbiller MJ, Druck T, Batar B, Huebner K. Fhit and Wwox loss-associated genome instability: A genome caretaker one-two punch. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:167-176. [PMID: 27773744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Expression of Fhit and Wwox protein is frequently lost or reduced in many human cancers. In this report, we provide data that further characterizes the molecular consequences of Fhit loss in the initiation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and of Wwox loss in altered repair of DSBs. We show that loss of Fhit initiates mild genome instability in early passage mouse kidney cells, confirming that DNA damage associated with Fhit-deficiency is not limited to cancer cells. We also demonstrate that the cause of Fhit-deficient DSBs: thymidine deficiency-induced replication stress, can be resolved with thymidine supplementation in early passage mouse kidney cells before extensive genome instability occurs. As for consequences of Wwox loss in cancer, we show in a small panel of breast cancer cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts that Wwox expression predicts response to radiation and mitomycin C, all agents that cause DSBs. In addition, loss of Wwox significantly reduced progression free survival in a cohort of ovarian cancer patients treated with platin-based chemotherapies. Finally, stratification of a cohort of squamous lung cancers by Fhit expression reveals that Wwox expression is significantly reduced in the low Fhit-expressing group, suggesting that loss of Fhit is quickly succeeded by loss of Wwox. We propose that Fhit and Wwox loss work synergistically in cancer progression and that DNA damage caused by Fhit could be targeted early in cancer initiation for prevention, while DNA damage caused by Wwox loss could be targeted later in cancer progression, particularly in cancers that develop resistance to genotoxic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Schrock
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jenna R Karras
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew J Guggenbiller
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Teresa Druck
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bahadir Batar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Buckinx R, Timmermans JP. Targeting the gastrointestinal tract with viral vectors: state of the art and possible applications in research and therapy. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:709-720. [PMID: 27665281 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While there is a large body of preclinical data on the use of viral vectors in gene transfer, relatively little is known about viral gene transfer in the gastrointestinal tract. Viral vector technology is especially underused in the field of neurogastroenterology when compared to brain research. This review provides an overview of the studies employing viral vectors-in particular retroviruses, adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses-to transduce different cell types in the intestine. Early work mainly focused on mucosal transduction, but had limited success due to the harsh luminal conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and the high turnover rate of enterocytes. More recently, several studies have successfully employed viral gene transfer to target the enteric nervous system and its progenitors. Although several hurdles still need to be overcome, in particular on how to augment transduction efficiency and specific cell targeting, viral vector technology holds strong potential not only as a valid research tool in fundamental gastroenterological research but also as a therapeutic agent in translational (bio)medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland Buckinx
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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14
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Kujan O, Abuderman A, Al-Shawaf AZ. Immunohistochemical characterization of FHIT expression in normal human tissues. Interv Med Appl Sci 2016; 8:7-13. [PMID: 28250975 DOI: 10.1556/1646.8.2016.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) is a tumor suppressor gene that is commonly inactivated in human tumors. Interestingly, the normal pattern of FHIT expression is largely unknown. AIM This study is aimed to characterize the expression of FHIT protein in normal human tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 119 normal human tissue specimens were analyzed for the FHIT expression using immunohistochemistry technique. The inclusion criteria included: normal/inflammatory tissue with no evidence of cellular atypia. RESULTS All studied specimens were stained positively with FHIT and showed either nuclear or cytoplasmic expression. Interestingly, the pattern of FHIT staining was similar among different specimens from each organ. FHIT is located predominantly in the nucleus, although cytoplasmic staining is also present in some cell types. Oral squamous epithelium, breast ductal epithelium, squamous and tubal metaplastic epithelium of the uterine cervix, esophageal squamous epithelium, salivary glands, and bronchial epithelia all strongly expressed the nuclear protein. In connective tissue, FHIT has shown strong cytoplasmic expression in histocytes including macrophages and dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts. CONCLUSION Documentation of the pattern of FHIT expression in normal tissues will contribute to our understanding of the normal function of this protein and to interpretation of potentially altered FHIT expression in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hama University, Hama, Syria
| | - Abdulwahab Abuderman
- College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Al-Farabi College of Medicine, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Zahi Al-Shawaf
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baath University , Homs , Syria
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15
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Bianchi F, Sasso M, Turdo F, Beretta GL, Casalini P, Ghirelli C, Sfondrini L, Ménard S, Tagliabue E, Campiglio M. Fhit Nuclear Import Following EGF Stimulation Sustains Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2661-70. [PMID: 25711523 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor protein fragile histidine triad (Fhit) exerts its functions in the cytoplasm, although some reports suggest that it may also act in the nucleus. We previously showed that cytosolic Fhit protein levels in cancer cell lines stimulated to proliferate were reduced by proteasomal degradation. Here, we demonstrate that Fhit is physiologically present in the nucleus of breast cancer cell lines and tissues at a low level and that proliferative stimulation increases nuclear levels. Breast cancer cells expressing the FhitY114F mutant, which do not undergo proteasomal degradation, contained mutated Fhit in the nucleus, while cells treated with a proteasome inhibitor accumulated nuclear Fhit during proliferation. Thus, Fhit nuclear shuttling and proteasome degradation phenomena occur independently. When Fhit was coupled to a nuclear localization sequence, the proliferation rate of the transfected cells increased together with levels of proliferation pathway mediators cyclin D1, phospho-MAPK, and phospho-STAT3. Fhit nuclear translocation upon mitogenic stimulation may represent a new regulatory mechanism that allows rapid restoration of Fhit cytoplasmic levels and promotes the proliferation cascade activated by mitogenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bianchi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Sasso
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Turdo
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni L Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casalini
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Ghirelli
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sylvie Ménard
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Campiglio
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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16
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Boylston JA, Brenner C. A knockdown with smoke model reveals FHIT as a repressor of Heme oxygenase 1. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2913-30. [PMID: 25486479 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.946858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene deletions are among the earliest and most frequent events in carcinogenesis, particularly in carcinogen-exposed tissues. Though FHIT has been established as an authentic tumor suppressor, the mechanism underlying tumor suppression remains opaque. Most experiments designed to clarify FHIT function have analyzed the consequence of re-expressing FHIT in FHIT-negative cells. However, carcinogenesis occurs in cells that transition from FHIT-positive to FHIT-negative. To better understand cancer development, we induced FHIT loss in human bronchial epithelial cells with RNA interference. Because FHIT is a demonstrated target of carcinogens in cigarette smoke, we combined FHIT silencing with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure and measured gene expression consequences by RNA microarray. The data indicate that FHIT loss enhances the expression of a set of oxidative stress response genes after exposure to CSE, including the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) at the RNA and protein levels. Data are consistent with a mechanism in which Fhit protein is required for accumulation of the transcriptional repressor of HMOX1, Bach1 protein. We posit that by allowing superinduction of oxidative stress response genes, loss of FHIT creates a survival advantage that promotes carcinogenesis.
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Key Words
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- ApppA, diadenosine triphosphate
- BACH1
- BACH1, BTB and CNC homology 1 gene
- BMC, bone marrow cell
- CPT, camptothecin
- CSE, cigarette smoke extract
- Cigarette smoke
- FHIT
- FHIT, fragile histidine triad gene
- HMOX1
- HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1 gene
- MMC, mitomycin C
- NRF2
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-like 2 protein
- Oxidative Stress
- RNAi, RNA interference
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real time PCR
- siRNA, short interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Boylston
- a Department of Biochemistry and Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology; Carver College of Medicine ; University of Iowa ; Iowa City , IA USA
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Abstract
WWOX is a gene that spans an extremely large chromosomal region. It is derived from within chromosomal band 16q23.2 which is a region with frequent deletions and other alterations in a variety of different cancers. This chromosomal band also contains the FRA16D common fragile site (CFS). CFSs are chromosomal regions found in all individuals which are highly unstable. WWOX has also been demonstrated to function as a tumor suppressor that is involved in the development of many cancers. Two other highly unstable CFSs, FRA3B (3p14.2) and FRA6E (6q26), also span extremely large genes, FHIT and PARK2, respectively, and these two genes are also found to be important tumor suppressors. There are a number of interesting similarities between these three large CFS genes. In spite of the fact that they are derived from some of the most unstable chromosomal regions in the genome, they are found to be highly evolutionarily conserved and the chromosomal region spanning the mouse homologs of both WWOX and FHIT are also CFSs in mice. Many of the other CFSs also span extremely large genes and many of these are very attractive tumor suppressor candidates. WWOX is therefore a member of a very interesting family of very large CFS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David I Smith
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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18
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Gao G, Smith DI. Very large common fragile site genes and their potential role in cancer development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4601-15. [PMID: 25300511 PMCID: PMC11113612 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Common fragile sites (CFSs) are large chromosomal regions that are hot-spots for alterations especially within cancer cells. The three most frequently expressed CFS regions (FRA3B, FRA16D and FRA6E) contain genes that span extremely large genomic regions (FHIT, WWOX and PARK2, respectively), and these genes were found to function as important tumor suppressors. Many other CFS regions contain extremely large genes that are also targets of alterations in multiple cancers, but none have yet been demonstrated to function as tumor suppressors. The loss of expression of just FHIT or WWOX has been found to be associated with a worse overall clinical outcome. Studies in different cancers have revealed that some cancers have decreased expression of multiple large CFS genes. This loss of expression could have a profound phenotypic effect on these cells. In this review, we will summarize the known large common fragile site genes and discuss their potential relationship to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - David I. Smith
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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19
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Suh SS, Yoo JY, Cui R, Kaur B, Huebner K, Lee TK, Aqeilan RI, Croce CM. FHIT suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in lung cancer through modulation of microRNAs. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004652. [PMID: 25340791 PMCID: PMC4207614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the principal cause of cancer death and occurs through multiple, complex processes that involve the concerted action of many genes. A number of studies have indicated that the Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) gene product, FHIT, functions as a tumor suppressor in a variety of common human cancers. Although there are suggestions of a role for FHIT loss in progression of various cancers, a role for such loss in metastasis has not been defined. Here, via in vivo and in vitro assays, we reveal that the enforced expression of FHIT significantly suppresses metastasis, accompanied by inhibition of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in metastasis through coordinate modulation of EMT-related genes. Specifically, miR-30c, a FHIT-upregulated microRNA, contributes to FHIT function in suppression of EMT and metastasis by directly targeting metastasis genes Metadherin (MTDH), High-mobility group AT—hook 2 (HMGA2), and the mesenchymal markers, Vimentin (VIM) and Fibronectin (FN1), in human lung cancer. Finally, we demonstrate that the expression pattern of FHIT and miR-30c is inversely correlated with that of MTDH and HMGA2 in normal tissue, non-metastatic and metastatic tumors, serving as a potential biomarker for metastasis in lung cancer. Although Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) is known as a potential tumor suppressor gene in terms of tumor initiation and progression, the role of FHIT in the metastatic process is not well characterized. Here it is shown that FHIT reduces the motility and invasiveness of lung cancer cells in vitro and ability to metastasize in vivo, at least partially through the miR-30c-mediated suppression of EMT, a critical process during tumor metastasis. This study provides new insights into the role of FHIT and a FHIT-activated miRNA, miR-30c, as crucial modulators in lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Suk Suh
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- South Sea Environmental Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center and The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ri Cui
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center and The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Taek-Kyun Lee
- South Sea Environmental Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, South Korea
| | - Rami I. Aqeilan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Wu DW, Lee MC, Hsu NY, Wu TC, Wu JY, Wang YC, Cheng YW, Chen CY, Lee H. FHIT loss confers cisplatin resistance in lung cancer via the AKT/NF-κB/Slug-mediated PUMA reduction. Oncogene 2014; 34:2505-15. [PMID: 24998847 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) loss by the two-hit mechanism of loss of heterozygosity and promoter hypermethylation commonly occurrs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and may confer cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of FHIT loss in cisplatin resistance and the response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients have not yet been reported. In the present study, inhibition concentration of 50% cell viability induced by cisplatin (IC50) and soft agar growth and invasion capability were increased and decreased in FHIT-knockdown and -overexpressing cells, respectively. Mechanistically, Slug transcription is upregulated by AKT/NF-κB activation due to FHIT loss and, in turn, Slug suppresses PUMA expression; this decrease of PUMA by FHIT loss is responsible for cisplatin resistance. In addition, cisplatin resistance due to FHIT loss can be conquered by AKT inhibitor-perifosine in xenograft tumors. Among NSCLC patients, low FHIT, high p-AKT, high Slug and low PUMA were correlated with shorter overall survival, relapse-free survival and poorer response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Therefore, the AKT inhibitor perifosine might potentially overcome the resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients with low-FHIT tumors, and consequently improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-W Wu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - M-C Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - N-Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - T-C Wu
- 1] Division of Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC [2] School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - J-Y Wu
- 1] Division of Thoracic Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC [2] Department of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Y-C Wang
- 1] Division of Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC [2] School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Y-W Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C-Y Chen
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - H Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Replicative Stress and the FHIT Gene: Roles in Tumor Suppression, Genome Stability and Prevention of Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1208-19. [PMID: 24901304 PMCID: PMC4074825 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6021208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragile FHIT gene, encompassing the chromosomal fragile site FRA3B, is an early target of DNA damage in precancerous cells. While vulnerable to DNA damage itself, FHIT protein expression is essential to protect from DNA damage-induced cancer initiation and progression by modulating genome stability, oxidative stress and levels of accumulating DNA damage. Thus, FHIT, whose expression is lost or reduced in many human cancers, is a tumor suppressor and genome caretaker whose loss initiates genome instability in preneoplastic lesions. Ongoing studies are seeking more detailed understanding of the role of FHIT in the cellular response to oxidative damage. This review discusses the relationship between FHIT, reactive oxygen species production, and DNA damage in the context of cancer initiation and progression.
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22
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Gao G, Kasperbauer JL, Tombers NM, Wang V, Mayer K, Smith DI. A selected group of large common fragile site genes have decreased expression in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:392-401. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
| | | | | | - Vivian Wang
- Mayo Medical Genome Facilities; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
| | - Kevin Mayer
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
| | - David I. Smith
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
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23
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Fhit delocalizes annexin a4 from plasma membrane to cytosol and sensitizes lung cancer cells to paclitaxel. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78610. [PMID: 24223161 PMCID: PMC3819369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fhit protein is lost or reduced in a large fraction of human tumors, and its restoration triggers apoptosis and suppresses tumor formation or progression in preclinical models. Here, we describe the identification of candidate Fhit-interacting proteins with cytosolic and plasma membrane localization. Among these, Annexin 4 (ANXA4) was validated by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy as a partner of this novel Fhit protein complex. Here we report that overexpression of Fhit prevents Annexin A4 translocation from cytosol to plasma membrane in A549 lung cancer cells treated with paclitaxel. Moreover, paclitaxel administration in combination with AdFHIT acts synergistically to increase the apoptotic rate of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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24
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Promoter hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes (p14/ARF and p16/INK4a): case-control study in North Indian population. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4921-8. [PMID: 23712779 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic modifications have been reported to be key factors in breast carcinogenesis. In the current study, it has been tried to determine the methylation status of two tumour suppressor genes p14/ARF and p16/INK4a in 150 breast cancer patients as well as 150 controls by using MSP-PCR. There was, highly significant difference in methylation of p14/ARF and p16/INK4a (P=0.000) between patients and controls. Methylation of both the genes together significantly increased the risk of breast cancer by 12.31 folds. The present study concludes that hypermethylation of p14/ARF and p16/INK4a promoters demonstrate significant association with the risk of breast cancer, hence indicating these as important tumour suppressor genes involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in North Indian population (i.e. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh as well as Union Territory of Chandigarh).
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25
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Saldivar JC, Bene J, Hosseini SA, Miuma S, Horton S, Heerema NA, Huebner K. Characterization of the role of Fhit in suppression of DNA damage. Adv Biol Regul 2012; 53:77-85. [PMID: 23102829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The fragile histidine triad protein, Fhit, has a number of reported tumor suppressive functions which include signaling of apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, modulation of the DNA damage response, down-regulation of target oncogene expression, suppression of tumor growth in vivo, and suppression of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Most of these functions of Fhit have been observed on exogenous re-expression of Fhit in Fhit-negative cancer cells. However, little is known about the tumorigenic changes that occur in normal or precancerous cells following loss of Fhit expression. Recently, we have shown that shortly after loss of Fhit expression, cells exhibit signs of DNA replication stress-induced DNA damage and develop genomic instability. Here, we extend these findings through investigation of different factors that affect Fhit function to prevent DNA damage. We found that Fhit activity is dependent upon a functional HIT domain and the tyrosine-114 residue, previously shown to be required for tumor suppression by Fhit. Furthermore, Fhit function was shown to be independent of exogenous and endogenous sources of oxidative stress. Finally, Fhit function was shown to be dependent upon Chk1 kinase activity, but independent of Atr or Atm kinases. Evidence suggests that Fhit and Chk1 kinase cooperate to prevent replication stress-induced DNA damage. These findings provide important and unexpected insights into the mechanism whereby loss of Fhit expression contributes to cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Saldivar
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Hao ZM, Cai M, Lv YF, Huang YH, Li HH. Oral administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein-7 suppresses CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Mol Ther 2012; 20:2043-51. [PMID: 22850680 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrogenesis and hepatocyte degeneration are the main pathological processes in chronic liver diseases. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is the key profibrotic cytokine in hepatic fibrosis. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) is a potent antagonist of TGF-β1 and an antifibrotic factor. In this study, we generated a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying BMP-7 (AAV-BMP-7) and tested its ability to suppress carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatic fibrosis when orally administered to mice. Our results show that the ectopic expression of BMP-7 in gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa due to the AAV-BMP-7 administration led to the long-term elevation of serum BMP-7 concentrations and resulted in the drastic amelioration of CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in BALB/c mice. Immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and desmin demonstrated that AAV-BMP-7 inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the fibrotic mouse liver. Moreover, the ectopic expression of BMP-7 promoted hepatocyte proliferation, as confirmed by an increase in the amount of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive hepatocytes in the mice that received AAV-BMP-7. Our results clearly indicate that BMP-7 is capable of inhibiting hepatic fibrosis and promoting hepatocyte regeneration. We suggest that oral AAV-BMP-7 could be developed into a safe, simple, and effective therapy for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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HIV-TAT-fused FHIT protein functions as a potential pro-apoptotic molecule in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biosci Rep 2012; 32:271-9. [PMID: 21679157 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that FHIT (fragile histidine triad) is a bona fide tumour suppressor gene in a large fraction of human tumours, including hepatocellular cancer. A virus-based delivery system has been developed to transfer the FHIT gene into many types of cancer cells to inhibit growth or even induce apoptosis. However, a protein-based replacement strategy for FHIT has not been performed in cancer cells. Here, we used HIV-TAT (transactivator of transcription)-derived peptide to transfer the purified FHIT protein into HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells and determine the biological effect of this fusion protein in inducing apoptosis. Affinity chromatography was used to purify TAT peptide-fused human FHIT (TAT-FHIT) protein from BL21 Escherichia coli. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis were performed to identify the expression and internalization of TAT-FHIT in HCC cells compared with the purified FHIT protein. Our study showed that TAT-FHIT protein can translocate into cancer cells in 1 h after incubation at 37°C. Furthermore, the results of MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay, Annexin-V staining and Western blotting demonstrated that TAT-FHIT can robustly inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro. In addition, a mechanistic study showed that both exogenous and intrinsic apoptotic pathways were involved in TAT-FHIT-mediated apoptosis and this effect could be attenuated partially by a mitochondrial protector TAT-BH4, indicating that mitochondrion plays a critical role in TAT-FHIT-mediated pro-apoptotic effect in cancer cells. Taken together, our study suggests that TAT-FHIT is a potential pro-apoptotic molecule in HCC cells and strengthen the hypothesis of its therapeutic application against HCC.
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Romero I, Martinez M, Garrido C, Collado A, Algarra I, Garrido F, Garcia-Lora AM. The tumour suppressor Fhit positively regulates MHC class I expression on cancer cells. J Pathol 2012; 227:367-79. [PMID: 22451343 DOI: 10.1002/path.4029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules are ubiquitously expressed on the cells of an organism. Study of the regulation of these molecules in normal and disease conditions is important. In tumour cells, the expression of MHC-I molecules is very frequently lost, allowing these cells to evade the immune response. Cancers of different histology have shown total loss of MHC-I molecule expression, due to a coordinated transcriptional down-regulation of various antigen-processing machinery (APM) components and/or MHC-I heavy chains. The mechanisms responsible for these alterations remain unclear. We determined the possible genes involved by comparing MHC-I-positive with MHC-I-negative murine metastases derived from the same fibrosarcoma tumour clone. MHC-I-negative metastases showed transcriptional down-regulation of APM and MHC-I heavy chains. The use of microarrays and subtraction cDNA libraries revealed four candidate genes responsible for this alteration, but two of them were ruled out by real-time RT-PCR analyses. The other two genes, AP-2α and Fhit tumour suppressors, were studied by using siRNA to silence their expression in a MHC-I-positive metastatic cell line. AP-2α inhibition did not modify transcriptional expression of APM components or MHC-I heavy chains or surface expression of MHC-I. In contrast, silencing of the Fhit gene produced the transcriptional down-regulation of APM components and MHC-I heavy chains and decreased MHC-I surface expression. Moreover, transfection of Fhit in MHC-I-negative tumour cell lines restored MHC-I cell surface expression. These data indicate that defects in Fhit expression may promote MHC-I down-regulation in cancer cells and allow escape from immunosurveillance(#).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Romero
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos & Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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Yamamoto K, Ishii H, Moon JH, Haraguchi N, Doki Y, Mori M. Genetic alteration of stemness factors and p53 in mouse forestomach by chemical carcinogen-induced carcinogenesis. Oncol Lett 2012; 3:1216-1220. [PMID: 22783421 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression profiles of genes normally enriched in embryonic stem (ES) cells (stemness factors) are associated with poor clinical outcome in solid tumors. However, whether such gene expression is responsible for tumor initiation and progression remains to be determined. The tumor suppressor gene p53 is known to attenuate the expression of Nanog, which is essential for maintaining stem cells in response to DNA damage. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that stemness factors and p53 closely correlate with each other and form a network in response to genomic damage in the early phase of carcinogenesis and in the process of tumor progression. In this study, we applied the N-methylbenzylnitrosoamine (NMBA)-induced carcinogenesis model to the mouse forestomach to clarify the role of the stemness factors, c-Myc, Klf4, Sox2, Oct3/4 and Nanog, in cancer development using p53(+/+) (n=26) and p53(+/-) (n=11) C57BL/6J mice. Thirty weeks following NMBA administration, histologically evident squamous cell carcinoma was detected in the forestomachs of p53(+/+) mice, and the percentage of p53-positive nuclei in the forestomach epithelium gradually increased during carcinogenesis. Tumor development in p53(+/-) mice occurred significantly earlier than in p53(+/+) mice. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed a reduced c-Myc and Klf4 expression before evident morphological changes were observed, and an increased expression with the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Sox2 expression remained unchanged until tumor development and increased with the appearance of squamous cell carcinomas. The expression of Oct3/4 and Nanog increased at the early stages following NMBA administration, and Nanog expression in situ was not positively affected by the deficiency of p53. Findings of the present study suggested that Oct3/4 may be involved in the progression of carcinogenesis from normal epithelial cells at early stages, suggesting the potential use of Oct3/4 as a biomarker in forestomach tumor formation at early stages of chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Zandi R, Xu K, Poulsen HS, Roth JA, Ji L. The effect of adenovirus-mediated gene expression of FHIT in small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Invest 2011; 29:683-91. [PMID: 22085272 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.626475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The candidate tumor suppressor fragile histidine traid (FHIT) is frequently inactivated in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Mutations in the p53 gene also occur in the majority of SCLC leading to the accumulation of the mutant protein. Here we evaluated the effect of FHIT gene therapy alone or in combination with the mutant p53-reactivating molecule, PRIMA-1(Met)/APR-246, in SCLC. Overexpression of FHIT by recombinant adenoviral vector (Ad-FHIT)-mediated gene transfer in SCLC cells inhibited their growth by inducing apoptosis and when combined with PRIMA-1(Met)/APR-246, a synergistic cell growth inhibition was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Zandi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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31
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Boonstra JJ, van Marion R, Douben HJCW, Lanchbury JS, Timms KM, Abkevich V, Tilanus HW, de Klein A, Dinjens WNM. Mapping of homozygous deletions in verified esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines and xenografts. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 51:272-82. [PMID: 22081516 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cell lines and xenografts are powerful tools in the search for genetic alterations because these models are composed of pure human cancer cell populations without admixture of normal human cells. In particular detection of homozygous deletions (HDs) is easier using these pure populations of cancer cells. Identification of HDs could potentially lead to the subsequent identification of new tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) involved in esophageal adenocarcinogenesis. Genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays were used to identify HDs in 10 verified EAC cell lines and nine EAC xenografts. In total, 61 HDs (range 1-6 per sample) were detected and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Besides HDs observed in common fragile genomic regions (n = 26), and gene deserts (n = 8), 27 HDs were located in gene-containing regions. HDs were noted for known TSGs, including CDKN2A, SMAD4 and CDH3/CDH1. Twenty-two new chromosomal regions were detected harboring potentially new TSGs involved in EAC carcinogenesis. Two of these regions of homozygous loss, encompassing the ITGAV and RUNX1 gene, were detected in multiple samples indicating a potential role in the carcinogenesis of EAC. To exclude culturing artifacts, these last two deletions were confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization in the primary tumors of which the involved cell lines and xenografts were derived. In summary, in this report we describe the identification of HDs in a series of verified EAC cell lines and xenografts. The deletions documented here are a step forward identifying the key genes involved in EAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen J Boonstra
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tumor suppressor genes FHIT and WWOX are deleted in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell lines. Blood 2011; 118:e32-9. [PMID: 21685375 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-323659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma with poor prognosis. One hundred percent of PELs carry the genome of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and a majority are coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We profiled genomic aberrations in PEL cells using the Affymetrix 6.0 SNP array. This identified for the first time individual genes that are altered in PEL cells. Eleven of 13 samples (85%) were deleted for the fragile site tumor suppressors WWOX and FHIT. Alterations were also observed in the DERL1, ETV1, RASA4, TPK1, TRIM56, and VPS41 genes, which are yet to be characterized for their roles in cancer. Coinfection with EBV was associated with significantly fewer gross genomic aberrations, and PEL could be segregated into EBV-positive and EBV-negative clusters on the basis of host chromosome alterations. This suggests a model in which both host genetic aberrations and the 2 viruses contribute to the PEL phenotype.
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Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation, in particular promoter hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes, has an important role in the development of many human cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Indeed, apart from mutations in the well studied von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL), the mutation frequency rates of known tumor suppressor genes in RCC are generally low, but the number of genes found to show frequent inactivation by promoter methylation in RCC continues to grow. Here, we review the genes identified as epigenetically silenced in RCC and their relationship to pathways of tumor development. Increased understanding of RCC epigenetics provides new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of RCC and opportunities for developing novel strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis and management of RCC.
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Kiyici H, Bilezikçi B, Ozen O, Demirhan B. Immunohistochemical FHIT expression still exists in early lesions of basal cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2010; 206:445-9. [PMID: 20399571 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the expression of Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The FHIT locus was found to be altered in numerous types of cancer [6,7,18,20,22,25,26]. However, we found only one study dealing with FHIT expression in BCC [11]. In our study, we used immunohistochemical methods for the evaluation of FHIT expression in tissue samples of 42 BCC cases. The control group was formed by intradermal melanocytic nevi (IMN). Ki-67 labeling index was used to compare cellular proliferation of BCC with internal and external controls. The study group was further separated into two subgroups, according to the intensity of FHIT staining. The Ki-67 indexes of these subgroups were also compared with each other. As a primary result, there was no significant decrease in FHIT expression in early lesions of BCC. As a second finding, there was no correlation between the intensity of FHIT staining and Ki-67 labeling index. As a third finding, there was no difference in Ki-67 labeling index between early lesions of BCC and non-neoplastic epidermis. The results were unexpected, since FHIT expression has been reported to be lost in an above mentioned study [11]. We concluded that FHIT expression remains to be positive, at least in early lesions of BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Kiyici
- Başkent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Turkey.
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35
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Yin DT, Wang L, Sun J, Yin F, Yan Q, Shen R, He G, Gao JX. Association of the promoter methylation and protein expression of Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) gene with the progression of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2010; 3:482-491. [PMID: 20606729 PMCID: PMC2897109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of aberrant methylation of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) promoters in the differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is not yet clear. Therefore, we investigated the association of the status of FHIT promoter methylation and FHIT protein expression with the clinicopathological progression of DTC, using PCR-based methylation assay and immunohistochemical technique. While no FHIT gene promoter methylation was observed in the matched non-cancerous epithelium (NCE) specimens, 24.6% of DTC samples demonstrated methylation in the FHIT promoter region. The protein expression of FHIT in NCE and DTC was 100.0% and 41.5% (P<0.01), respectively. There was a negative correlation between promoter methylation and protein expression of FHIT gene (P<0.05). Additionally, the methylation status appeared to be significantly associated with the pathological grade, tumor TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), and FHIT proteins were weakly expressed in only about 20% of DTC with grade II pathological changes, TNM stage III/IV, or lymph node metastasis. Finally, the gender and tumor classification but not age marginally affected the promoter methylation and protein expression of FHIT. Our results suggest that methylation of the promoter region may play a key role in inactivation of FHIT - possibly leading to subsequent carcinogenesis and progression of DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Tao Yin
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Information, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jianrui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Fengyan Yin
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Qingtao Yan
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rulong Shen
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gang He
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Gao
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43210, USA
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Tada M, Kanai F, Tanaka Y, Sanada M, Nannya Y, Tateishi K, Ohta M, Asaoka Y, Seto M, Imazeki F, Yoshida H, Ogawa S, Yokosuka O, Omata M. Prognostic significance of genetic alterations detected by high-density single nucleotide polymorphism array in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1261-9. [PMID: 20331625 PMCID: PMC11159782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify genomic changes that could be useful for clinical application, focusing on chromosomal instability and using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. We analyzed 34 gastric cancer cell lines for areas of DNA that exhibited copy number changes using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 50 K Arrays. The results obtained with the cell lines were verified in 42 gastric cancer tissues using genomic PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analyses. Twenty-six local homozygous deletion regions, including 13 novel loci, and 31 recurrent high-grade gain regions, encompassing 14 novel loci, were found in the gastric cancer cell lines. Among the genes detected for high-grade gain in the cell lines, MYC, PAK1, and ITGB4BP showed copy number gain in more than 40% of gastric cancer tissues. LOH of AB051467, PTPRD, A2BP1, and C20orf133 was detected in more than 35% of gastric cancer tissues. The number of LOH was significantly greater in tumors with lymph node metastasis. In the early stage, the prognosis of patients with LOH of less than two genes was significantly better than that of those with LOH of two genes or more. Using high-density SNP arrays, we identified several novel and minute genomic alterations. LOH of four genes could be useful for prediction of lymph node metastasis and prognosis in early stage gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohisa Tada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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D'Arca D, LeNoir J, Wildemore B, Gottardo F, Bragantini E, Shupp-Byrne D, Zanesi N, Fassan M, Croce CM, Gomella LG, Baffa R. Prevention of urinary bladder cancer in the FHIT knock-out mouse with Rofecoxib, a Cox-2 inhibitor. Urol Oncol 2010; 28:189-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Study of FHIT and WWOX expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:195-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
In many types of cancers, the fragile histidine triad (Fhit) gene is frequently targeted by genomic alterations leading to a decrease or loss of gene and protein expression. Fhit has been described as a tumor suppressor gene because of its ability to induce apoptosis and to inhibit proliferation of tumor cells. Moreover, several studies have shown a correlation between the lack of Fhit expression and tumor aggressiveness, thus suggesting that Fhit could be involved in tumor progression. In this study, we explored the potential role of Fhit during tumor cell invasion. We first showed that a low Fhit expression is associated with in vivo and in vitro invasiveness of tumor cells. Then, we showed that Fhit overexpression in Fhit-negative highly invasive NCI-H1299 cells by transfection of Fhit cDNA and Fhit inhibition in Fhit-positive poorly invasive HBE4-E6/E7 cells by transfection of Fhit small interfering RNA induce, respectively, a decrease and an increase in migratory/invasive capacities. These changes in cell behavior were associated with a reorganization of tight and adherens junction molecules and a regulation of matrix metalloproteinase and vimentin expression. These results show that Fhit controls the invasive phenotype of lung tumor cells by regulating the expression of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Enlightened protein: Fhit tumor suppressor protein structure and function and its role in the toxicity of protoporphyrin IX-mediated photodynamic reaction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 241:246-52. [PMID: 19716840 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Fhit tumor suppressor protein possesses Ap(3)A (diadenosine triphosphate - ApppA) hydrolytic activity in vitro and its gene is found inactive in many pre-malignant states due to gene inactivation. For several years Fhit has been a widely investigated protein as its cellular function still remains largely unsolved. Fhit was shown to act as a molecular 'switch' of cell death via cascade operating on the influence of ATR-Chk1 pathway but also through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Notably, Fhit was reported by our group to enhance the overall eradication effect of porphyrin-mediated photodynamic treatment (PDT). In this review the up-to-date findings on Fhit protein as a tumor suppressor and its role in PDT are presented.
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Intramitochondrial calcium regulation by the FHIT gene product sensitizes to apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:12753-8. [PMID: 19622739 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906484106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in the Fhit tumor suppressor protein, frequently deleted in human cancers, the mechanism of its powerful proapoptotic activity has remained elusive. We here demonstrate that Fhit sensitizes the low-affinity Ca(2+) transporters of mitochondria, enhancing Ca(2+) uptake into the organelle both in intact and in permabilized cells, and potentiating the effect of apoptotic agents. This effect can be attributed to the fraction of Fhit sorted to mitochondria, as a fully mitochondrial Fhit (a chimeric protein including a mitochondrial targeting sequence) retains the Ca(2+) signaling properties of Fhit and the proapoptotic activity of the native protein (whereas the effects on the cell cycle are lost). Thus, the partial sorting of Fhit to mitochondria allows to finely tune the sensitivity of the organelle to the highly pleiomorphic Ca(2+) signals, synergizing with apoptotic challenges. This concept, and the identification of the molecular machinery, may provide ways to act on apoptotic cell death and its derangement in cancer.
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Ferens B, Kawiak A, Banecki B, Bielawski KP, Zawacka-Pankau J. Aberration of the enzymatic activity of Fhit tumor suppressor protein enhances cancer cell death upon photodynamic therapy similarly to that driven by wild-type Fhit. Cancer Lett 2009; 280:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adamovic T, McAllister D, Guryev V, Wang X, Andrae JW, Cuppen E, Jacob HJ, Sugg SL. Microalterations of inherently unstable genomic regions in rat mammary carcinomas as revealed by long oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5159-67. [PMID: 19509235 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of copy number variants in normal genomes poses a challenge to identify small genuine somatic copy number changes in high-resolution cancer genome profiling studies due to the use of unpaired reference DNA. Another problem is the well-known rearrangements of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in lymphocytes (a commonly used reference), which may misdirect the researcher to a locus with no relevance in tumorigenesis. We here show real gains of the IgG heavy chain V gene region in carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumor samples after normalization to paired mammary gland, a tissue without lymphocyte infiltration. We further show that the segmental duplication region encompassing the IgG heavy chain V genes is a copy number variant between the susceptible (SS) and the resistant (BN) to mammary tumor development inbred rat strains. Our data suggest that the already inherently unstable genomic region is a convenient target for additional structural rearrangements (gains) at the somatic level when exposed to a carcinogen (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene), which subsequently seem to benefit tumor development in the mammary gland of the susceptible strain. Thus, the selection of an appropriate reference DNA enabled us to identify immunoglobulin genes as novel cancer targets playing a role in mammary tumor development. We conclude that control DNA in array-based comparative genomic hybridization experiments should be selected with care, and DNA from pooled spleen (contains immature lymphocytes and is used as reference in animal studies) or blood may not be the ideal control in the study of primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Adamovic
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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Mimori K, Ishii H, Inoue H, Barnard GF, Mori M. Identification of the expression profile of apoptotic esophageal cancer cells by adenoviral-fragile histidine triad treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23 Suppl 2:S205-9. [PMID: 19120899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) functions as a tumor suppressor, and giving adenoviral-FHIT (Ad-FHIT) is thus expected to be clinically beneficial. Much attention has recently been focused on which genes are commonly regulated by Ad-FHIT, and which genes are dominant in Ad-FHIT-induced apoptotic cells. METHODS Ad-FHIT apoptosis-induced cells (H1299 and TE4) and non-apoptosis-induced cells (TE2) were used in the current experiments. The total RNA extracted from Ad-FHIT or control was labeled with Cy3-dCTP or Cy5-dCTP and hybridized with 19,192 genes on a chip. A microarray analysis for each gene was carried out with high reproducibility provided by seven independent experiments and duplicated oligos on a chip. RESULTS We listed the upregulated genes based on the TE4:TE2 expression ratio, such as c-Src, Jak-1, and sialyltransferase, which are expected to be target pathways as well as the downregulated genes, including CASP8 and CASP10, after Ad-FHIT treatment in esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The current microarray analysis indicated that the apoptosis of esophageal cancer observed after giving Ad-FHIT was possibly induced by activation of the c-Src gene and inactivation of the CASP8 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Beppu, Japan
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McAvoy S, Zhu Y, Perez DS, James CD, Smith DI. Disabled-1 is a large common fragile site gene, inactivated in multiple cancers. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008; 47:165-74. [PMID: 18008369 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Common fragile sites (CFS) are large, genomically unstable regions, which are hot-spots for deletions and other alterations, especially in cancer cells. Several have been shown to contain genes that span large genomic regions, such as FHIT (1.5 Mb), WWOX (1.0 Mb), GRID2 (1.36 Mb), PARK2 (1.3 Mb), and RORA (730 kb). These genes are frequently inactivated in multiple different cancers, and FHIT and WWOX are shown to function as tumor suppressors. The disabled-1 gene (DAB1) is one of the human homologs of the Drosophila disabled locus, which in mammals is involved in neuronal migration and lamination in the developing cerebral cortex. Mice DAB1 inactivation results in the neurological mutant Scrambler, having similarities to mice with the inactivation of PARK2 (Quaker), GRID2 (Lurcher), and RORA (Staggerer). We were interested in whether DAB1 was another large CFS gene that could have cancer development importance. We demonstrated here that the human DAB1 gene (spanning 1.25 Mb) mapped within FRA1B CFS region on chromosomal band 1p32.2. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of DAB1 was decreased in many human cancer samples, including primary tumor tissues and cancer-derived cell lines, from several different cancers, especially in brain and endometrial cancer. Additionally, the introduction of an over-expression DAB1 plasmid into two different cell lines, having insignificant endogenous DAB1 expression, resulted in decreased cell growth. In summary, DAB1 is another gene that resides within an unstable CFS region and might play a role in human tumorigenesis. These data may provide further linkage between neurological development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McAvoy
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Gayrard N, Cacheux V, Iborra F, Mourad G, Argilés A. Cytogenetic studies of 24 renal epithelial tumors with von Hippel-Lindau and fragile histidine triad protein expression correlation. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008; 132:965-73. [PMID: 18517280 DOI: 10.5858/2008-132-965-csoret] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p deletion) is a cytogenetic abnormality generally associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma, the most aggressive form of renal epithelial tumor. OBJECTIVE To cytogenetically characterize 24 renal tumors in order to check the incidence and the type of 3p deletions, as well as to identify new genes putatively participating in renal tumorigenesis and test the protein products of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and fragile histidine triad (FHIT) genes. DESIGN We analyzed 24 renal tumors by conventional cytogenetics, comparative genomic hybridization, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. We then performed a comparative expression study of the proteins pVHL and Fhit. RESULTS In our series of 24 renal tumors, the 3p deletion was the most frequent genetic alteration (15/24); the other features were partial trisomy 5q, 8p deletion, and monosomy 9 and 14. The 3p deletion was long and terminal, and no interstitial deletion was identified. By immunohistochemistry, we found that for the 2 genes of interest, VHL and FHIT, loss or decrease in protein expression were very frequently observed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and not always associated with a 3p deletion (14/20 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma). CONCLUSIONS Our studies characterize the 3p deletion as long and terminal and identify no interstitial deletion in that chromosome. Fhit and pVHL protein expression loss appear to be independent, as they can be dissociated. Our data are supportive of a role for FHIT (in addition to VHL) in renal tumorigenesis. No other gene with particular potential interest in renal tumorigenesis could be identified among the selected genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gayrard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale et Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France.
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Trapasso F, Pichiorri F, Gaspari M, Palumbo T, Aqeilan RI, Gaudio E, Okumura H, Iuliano R, Di Leva G, Fabbri M, Birk DE, Raso C, Green-Church K, Spagnoli LG, Venuta S, Huebner K, Croce CM. Fhit interaction with ferredoxin reductase triggers generation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis of cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:13736-44. [PMID: 18319262 PMCID: PMC2376222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709062200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fhit protein is lost in most cancers, its restoration suppresses tumorigenicity, and virus-mediated FHIT gene therapy induces apoptosis and suppresses tumors in preclinical models. We have used protein cross-linking and proteomics methods to characterize a Fhit protein complex involved in triggering Fhit-mediated apoptosis. The complex includes Hsp60 and Hsp10 that mediate Fhit stability and may affect import into mitochondria, where it interacts with ferredoxin reductase, responsible for transferring electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 via ferredoxin. Viral-mediated Fhit restoration increases production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, followed by increased apoptosis of lung cancer cells under oxidative stress conditions; conversely, Fhit-negative cells escape apoptosis, carrying serious oxidative DNA damage that may contribute to an increased mutation rate. Characterization of Fhit interacting proteins has identified direct effectors of the Fhit-mediated apoptotic pathway that is lost in most cancers through loss of Fhit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trapasso
- Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Hypermethylation of the 5'CpG island of the FHIT gene in clear cell renal carcinomas. Cancer Lett 2008; 265:250-7. [PMID: 18378390 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FHIT is a tumour suppressor gene which is frequently inactivated in different types of cancer. Both genetic (mutations, deletions, chromosomal rearrangements) and epigenetic (aberrant methylation of the 5'CpG island) alterations of the FHIT gene have been reported in various malignancies. Yet little is known about the mechanism of FHIT inactivation in clear cell renal carcinomas. Since genetic alterations were not frequently observed in DNA corresponding to the FHIT gene in renal tumours, to elucidate the mechanism of FHIT gene silencing we examined 22 paired samples of clear cell renal carcinoma and non-malignant renal tissue for the methylation of the FHIT 5'CpG island by methylation-specific PCR. Hypermethylation of the FHIT 5'CpG island was detected in 54.5% (12/22) of clear cell renal carcinomas. Bisulfite sequencing of the FHIT 5'CpG island confirmed the results obtained by methylation-specific PCR for selected samples. We showed here that expression of the FHIT gene is inversely correlated with hypermethylation of the FHIT 5'CpG island in the selected samples. Our results suggest that hypermethylation of the FHIT 5'CpG island may be responsible for inactivation of the FHIT gene in clear cell renal carcinomas.
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McAvoy S, Ganapathiraju S, Perez DS, James CD, Smith DI. DMD and IL1RAPL1: two large adjacent genes localized within a common fragile site (FRAXC) have reduced expression in cultured brain tumors. Cytogenet Genome Res 2008; 119:196-203. [PMID: 18253029 DOI: 10.1159/000112061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Common fragile sites (CFSs) are large regions of profound genomic instability found in all individuals. Spanning the center of the two most frequently expressed CFS regions, FRA3B (3p14.3) and FRA16D (16q23.2), are the 1.5 Mb FHIT gene and the 1.0 Mb WWOX gene. These genes are frequently deleted and/or altered in many different cancers. Both FHIT and WWOX have been demonstrated to function as tumor suppressors, both in vitro and in vivo. A number of other large CFS genes have been identified and are also frequently inactivated in multiple cancers. Based on these data, several additional very large genes were tested to determine if they were derived from within CFS regions, but DCC and RAD51L1 were not. However, the 2.0 Mb DMD gene and its immediately distal neighbor, the 1.8 Mb IL1RAPL1 gene are CFS genes contained within the FRAXC CFS region (Xp21.2-->p21.1). They are abundantly expressed in normal brain but were dramatically underexpressed in every brain tumor cell line and xenograft (derived from an intracranial model of glioblastoma multiforme) examined. We studied the expression of eleven other large CFS genes in the same panel of brain tumor cell lines and xenografts and found reduced expression of multiple large CFS genes in these samples. In this report we show that there is selective loss of specific large CFS genes in different cancers that does not appear to be mediated by the relative instability within different CFS regions. Further, the inactivation of multiple large CFS genes in xenografts and brain tumor cell lines may help to explain why this type of cancer is highly aggressive and associated with a poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McAvoy
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Liu XY, Guo GH, Duan XM, Chen J, Cao JG, He XS. Effect of anti-sense c-myc oligodeoxynucleotide on MKN28 gastric cancer cells transfected with FHIT gene. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:240-245. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i3.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the effect of anti-sense c-myc oligodeoxynucleotide on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells transfected with the Frogile histindine triad (FHIT) gene.
METHODS: The FHIT gene was transfected into human gastric cancer MKN28 cells through liposomes. The antis-sense c-myc oligodeoxynucleotide was transfected into the FHIT gene. FHIT gene transfection was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Expression of c-myc was detected by Western blot. Proliferation of gastric cancer cells was determined by MTT. Cell apoptosis was detected by AO/EB staining and FCM.
RESULTS: The expression of MKN28 cells transfected with the FHIT gene was observed. However, no FHIT gene segment and FHIT protein were found in the cells transfected with void vector. C-myc transfected with the FHIT gene exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the expression of c-myc protein in MKN28 cells and induced cell apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. However, the inhibition rate (F = 177.480, P < 0.05) (F = 41.500, P < 0.05), apoptosis rate, and apoptosis portion of anti-sense c-myc oligodeoxynucleotide for C-myc were higher than those for FHIT+ MKN28 cells.
CONCLUSION: The expression of c-myc and FHIT oncogenes plays an important role in suppressing the growth of tumor cells and may provide the theoretical basis for the gene therapy of tumors.
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