1
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Du Y, Xu B, Li Q, Peng C, Yang K. The role of mechanically sensitive ion channel Piezo1 in bone remodeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1342149. [PMID: 38390363 PMCID: PMC10882629 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1342149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 (2010) was identified as a mechanically activated cation channel capable of sensing various physical forces, such as tension, osmotic pressure, and shear force. Piezo1 mediates mechanosensory transduction in different organs and tissues, including its role in maintaining bone homeostasis. This review aimed to summarize the function and possible mechanism of Piezo1 in the mechanical receptor cells in bone tissue. We found that it is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugui Du
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quiying Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuhan Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Mammalian eIF4E2-GSK3β maintains basal phosphorylation of p53 to resist senescence under hypoxia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:459. [PMID: 35568694 PMCID: PMC9107480 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia modulates senescence, but their physiological link remains unclear. Here, we found that eIF4E2, a hypoxia-activated translation initiation factor, interacted with GSK3β to maintain phosphorylation of p53, thus resisting senescence under hypoxia. RNA-binding protein RBM38 interacted with eIF4E to inhibit the translation of p53, but GSK3β-mediated Ser195 phosphorylation disrupted the RBM38-eIF4E interaction. Through investigation of RBM38 phosphorylation, we found that the eIF4E2-GSK3β pathway specifically regulated proline-directed serine/threonine phosphorylation (S/T-P). Importantly, peptides e2-I or G3-I that blocking eIF4E2-GSK3β interaction can inhibit the basal S/T-P phosphorylation of p53 at multiple sites, therby inducing senescence through transcriptional inhibition. Additionally, a nanobody was screened via the domain where eIF4E2 bound to GSK3β, and this nanobody inhibited S/T-P phosphorylation to promote senescence. Furthermore, hypoxia inhibited eIF4E2-GSK3β pathway by mediating S-Nitrosylation of GSK3β. Blocking eIF4E2-GSK3β interaction promoted liver senescence under hypoxia, thus leading to liver fibrosis, eventually accelerating N, N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced tumorigenesis. Interestingly, eIF4E2 isoforms with GSK3β-binding motif exclusively exist in mammals, which protect zebrafish heart against hypoxia. Together, this study reveals a mammalian eIF4E2-GSK3β pathway that prevents senescence by maintaining basal S/T-P phosphorylation of p53, which underlies hypoxia adaptation of tissues.
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3
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Shen Y, Pan Y, Guo S, Sun L, Zhang C, Wang L. The roles of mechanosensitive ion channels and associated downstream MAPK signaling pathways in PDLC mechanotransduction. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2113-2122. [PMID: 32323761 PMCID: PMC7115221 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether the cytoskeleton, the Piezo1 ion channel and the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) ion channel are equally functional in the mechanotransduction of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and to reveal the interplay of these mechanically sensitive ion channels (MSCs). Human PDLCs (hPDLCs) were pretreated with cytochalasin D (the inhibitor of actin polymerization), GsMTx4 (the antagonist of Piezo1) and GSK205 (the antagonist of TRPV4), and then subjected to periodic mechanical loading. The expression levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in hPDLCs were detected via western blotting. Osteoblast mineralization induction capacity of the hPDLCs was also studied and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression profile was determined via protein microarray. The expression of Piezo1 and TRPV4 in the PDLCs was significantly increased at 8 h after loading. These differences in expression were accompanied by increased expression of M-CSF, RANKL and COX2. Compared with the control group, key PDLC biomarkers were suppressed after mechanical loading following treatment with the inhibitors of Piezo1 (GsMTx4) and TRPV4 (GSK205). The phosphorylated-MAPK protein array showed differential biomarker profiles among all groups. The present study suggested that both MSCs and the cytoskeleton participated as mechanical sensors, and did so independently in hPDLC mechanotransduction. Furthermore, the Piezo1 ion channel may transmit mechanical signals via the ERK signaling pathway; however, the TRPV4 channel may function via alternative signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shen
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lian Sun
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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4
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Paluvai H, Di Giorgio E, Brancolini C. The Histone Code of Senescence. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020466. [PMID: 32085582 PMCID: PMC7072776 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is the end point of a complex cellular response that proceeds through a set of highly regulated steps. Initially, the permanent cell-cycle arrest that characterizes senescence is a pro-survival response to irreparable DNA damage. The maintenance of this prolonged condition requires the adaptation of the cells to an unfavorable, demanding and stressful microenvironment. This adaptation is orchestrated through a deep epigenetic resetting. A first wave of epigenetic changes builds a dam on irreparable DNA damage and sustains the pro-survival response and the cell-cycle arrest. Later on, a second wave of epigenetic modifications allows the genomic reorganization to sustain the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. The balanced epigenetic dynamism of senescent cells influences physiological processes, such as differentiation, embryogenesis and aging, while its alteration leads to cancer, neurodegeneration and premature aging. Here we provide an overview of the most relevant histone modifications, which characterize senescence, aging and the activation of a prolonged DNA damage response.
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5
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Yang C, Fan X, Fan S. Effects and mechanism of puerarin on the human retinoblastoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4506-4513. [PMID: 29345333 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin is an isoflavonoid that is extracted from Kudzu root and is considered to have an anti-tumor effect. In the present study, the effects of puerarin on human retinoblastoma (RB) cells and the related pathways was determined. The retinoblastoma RB cell lines were used in this study. Cell viability and colony formation capacity were measured by MTT and colony formation assays. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were examined by Transwell assay. The expression of cell cycle, EMT, and MAPK/ERK signal pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot following puerarin treatment. The results revealed that cell viability and proliferation of RB cells treated with puerarin were significantly lower in RB cells compared to the control group. Puerarin significantly decreased the proportion of cells during S phase which was accompanied with increase in cells at G0/1 and G2 phases. Moreover, puerarin suppressed cell migration, invasion and up-regulated E-Cadherin expression as well as down-regulated Vimentin and α-SMA expression. Furthermore, puerarin treatment suppressed the expression of p-MEK and p-ERK in RB cells. Our findings suggest that puerarin contributes to in the treatment of RB and other malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Shuxia Fan
- Department of Nursing, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
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6
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Gillespie JR, Bush JR, Bell GI, Aubrey LA, Dupuis H, Ferron M, Kream B, DiMattia G, Patel S, Woodgett JR, Karsenty G, Hess DA, Beier F. GSK-3β function in bone regulates skeletal development, whole-body metabolism, and male life span. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3702-18. [PMID: 23904355 PMCID: PMC5053811 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) is an essential negative regulator or "brake" on many anabolic-signaling pathways including Wnt and insulin. Global deletion of GSK-3β results in perinatal lethality and various skeletal defects. The goal of our research was to determine GSK-3β cell-autonomous effects and postnatal roles in the skeleton. We used the 3.6-kb Col1a1 promoter to inactivate the Gsk3b gene (Col1a1-Gsk3b knockout) in skeletal cells. Mutant mice exhibit decreased body fat and postnatal bone growth, as well as delayed development of several skeletal elements. Surprisingly, the mutant mice display decreased circulating glucose and insulin levels despite normal expression of GSK-3β in metabolic tissues. We showed that these effects are due to an increase in global insulin sensitivity. Most of the male mutant mice died after weaning. Prior to death, blood glucose changed from low to high, suggesting a possible switch from insulin sensitivity to resistance. These male mice die with extremely large bladders that are preceded by damage to the urogenital tract, defects that are also seen type 2 diabetes. Our data suggest that skeletal-specific deletion of GSK-3β affects global metabolism and sensitizes male mice to developing type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Development
- Bone and Bones/enzymology
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Disease Susceptibility
- Energy Metabolism
- Female
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/genetics
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Male Urogenital Diseases/complications
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Sex Characteristics
- Survival Analysis
- Urogenital System/pathology
- Weaning
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Gillespie
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; N6A 5C1.
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7
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Zeller E, Hammer K, Kirschnick M, Braeuning A. Mechanisms of RAS/β-catenin interactions. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:611-32. [PMID: 23483189 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through the WNT/β-catenin and the RAS (rat sarcoma)/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways plays a key role in the regulation of various physiological cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Aberrant mutational activation of these signaling pathways is closely linked to the development of cancer in many organs, in humans as well as in laboratory animals. Over the past years, more and more evidence for a close linkage of the two oncogenic signaling cascades has accumulated. Using different experimental approaches, model systems, and experimental conditions, a variety of molecular mechanisms have been identified by which signal transduction through WNT/β-catenin and RAS interact, either in a synergistic or an antagonistic manner. Mechanisms of interaction comprise an upstream crosstalk at the level of pathway-activating ligands and their receptors, interrelations of cytosolic kinases involved in either pathways, as well as interaction in the nucleus related to the joint regulation of target gene transcription. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on the interaction of RAS/MAPK- and WNT/β-catenin-driven signal transduction in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zeller
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Jeong WJ, Yoon J, Park JC, Lee SH, Lee SH, Kaduwal S, Kim H, Yoon JB, Choi KY. Ras Stabilization Through Aberrant Activation of Wnt/ -Catenin Signaling Promotes Intestinal Tumorigenesis. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra30. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Kennedy AL, Morton JP, Manoharan I, Nelson DM, Jamieson NB, Pawlikowski JS, McBryan T, Doyle B, Oien KA, Enders GH, Zhang R, Sansom OJ, Adams PD. Activation of the PIK3CA/AKT pathway suppresses senescence induced by an activated RAS oncogene to promote tumorigenesis. Mol Cell 2011; 42:36-49. [PMID: 21474066 PMCID: PMC3145340 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in both RAS and the PTEN/PIK3CA/AKT signaling module are found in the same human tumors. PIK3CA and AKT are downstream effectors of RAS, and the selective advantage conferred by mutation of two genes in the same pathway is unclear. Based on a comparative molecular analysis, we show that activated PIK3CA/AKT is a weaker inducer of senescence than is activated RAS. Moreover, concurrent activation of RAS and PIK3CA/AKT impairs RAS-induced senescence. In vivo, bypass of RAS-induced senescence by activated PIK3CA/AKT correlates with accelerated tumorigenesis. Thus, not all oncogenes are equally potent inducers of senescence, and, paradoxically, a weak inducer of senescence (PIK3CA/AKT) can be dominant over a strong inducer of senescence (RAS). For tumor growth, one selective advantage of concurrent mutation of RAS and PTEN/PIK3CA/AKT is suppression of RAS-induced senescence. Evidence is presented that this new understanding can be exploited in rational development and targeted application of prosenescence cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L. Kennedy
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | | | | | - David M. Nelson
- CR-UK Beatson Labs, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nigel B. Jamieson
- CR-UK Beatson Labs, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | | | - Tony McBryan
- CR-UK Beatson Labs, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Brendan Doyle
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karin A. Oien
- CR-UK Beatson Labs, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Rugang Zhang
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Peter D. Adams
- CR-UK Beatson Labs, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
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10
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Bishop CL, Bergin AMH, Fessart D, Borgdorff V, Hatzimasoura E, Garbe JC, Stampfer MR, Koh J, Beach DH. Primary cilium-dependent and -independent Hedgehog signaling inhibits p16(INK4A). Mol Cell 2010; 40:533-47. [PMID: 21095584 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In a genome-wide siRNA analysis of p16(INK4a) (p16) modulators, we identify the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway component SUFU and formally demonstrate that Hh signaling promotes mitogenesis by suppression of p16. A fragment of the Hh-responsive GLI2 transcription factor directly binds and inhibits the p16 promoter and senescence is associated with the loss of nuclear GLI2. Hh components partially reside in the primary cilium (PC), and the small fraction of cells in mass culture that elaborate a PC have the lowest expression of p16. Suppression of p16 is effected by both PC-dependent and -independent routes, and ablation of p16 renders cells insensitive to an Hh inhibitor and increases PC formation. These results directly link a well-established developmental mitogenic pathway with a key tumor suppressor and contribute to the molecular understanding of replicative senescence, Hh-mediated oncogenesis, and potentially the role of p16 in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo L Bishop
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
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11
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Kucab JE, Phillips DH, Arlt VM. Linking environmental carcinogen exposure to TP53 mutations in human tumours using the human TP53 knock-in (Hupki) mouse model. FEBS J 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Hong SK, Yoon S, Moelling C, Arthan D, Park JI. Noncatalytic function of ERK1/2 can promote Raf/MEK/ERK-mediated growth arrest signaling. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:33006-18. [PMID: 19805545 PMCID: PMC2785141 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.012591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase activity is known as the key biochemical property of MAPKs. Here, we report that ERK1/2 also utilizes its noncatalytic function to mediate certain signal transductions. Sustained activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway induces growth arrest, accompanied by changes in cell cycle regulators (decreased retinoblastoma phosphorylation, E2F1 down-regulation, and/or p21(CIP1) up-regulation) and cell type-specific changes in morphology and expression of c-Myc or RET in the human tumor lines LNCaP, U251, and TT. Ablation of ERK1/2 by RNA interference abrogated all these effects. However, active site-disabled ERK mutants (ERK1-K71R, ERK2-K52R, and ERK2-D147A), which competitively inhibit activation of endogenous ERK1/2, could not block Raf/MEK-induced growth arrest as well as changes in the cell cycle regulators, although they effectively blocked phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 catalytic activity readouts, p90(RSK) and ELK1, as well as the cell type-specific changes. Because this indicated a potential noncatalytic ERK1/2 function, we generated stable lines of the tumor cells in which both ERK1 and ERK2 were significantly knocked down, and we further investigated the possibility using rat-derived kinase-deficient ERK mutants (ERK2-K52R and ERK2-T183A/Y185F) that were not targeted by human small hairpin RNA. Indeed, ERK2-K52R selectively restored Raf-induced growth inhibitory signaling in ERK1/2-depleted cells, as manifested by regained cellular ability to undergo growth arrest and to control the cell cycle regulators without affecting c-Myc and morphology. However, ERK2-T183A/Y185F was less effective, indicating the requirement of TEY site phosphorylation. Our study suggests that functions of ERK1/2 other than its "canonical" kinase activity are also involved in the pathway-mediated growth arrest signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Keun Hong
- From the Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Seunghee Yoon
- From the Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Cas Moelling
- From the Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Dumrongkiet Arthan
- From the Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Jong-In Park
- From the Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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13
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Chen G, Jiang Q, You Z, Yao J, Mou L, Lin X, Shen X, You T, Lin Q, Wen J, Lin L. Regulation of GSK-3 beta in the proliferation and apoptosis of human thyrocytes investigated using a GSK-3 beta-targeting RNAi adenovirus expression vector: involvement the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:2773-9. [PMID: 19757160 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Disorders in the proliferation and apoptosis of thyrocytes may induce goitre, adenoma and carcinoma in the thyroid. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in various cell lines. The regulatory mechanism on the proliferation and differentiation of thyrocytes is not well characterized. In the present study, a GSK-3beta-targeting RNA interference (RNAi) adenovirus vector was constructed and delivered to primary human thyrocytes. Results showed that the expression of beta-catenin protein in primary human thyrocytes was increased after GSK-3beta-targeting RNAi adenovirus infection, the proliferation of primary human thyrocytes was significantly stimulated using Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, while cell apoptosis was slightly affected which was observed through flow cytometry. It is concluded that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway plays a significant role in the regulation of the proliferation of primary human thyrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, China
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14
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Hwang ES, Yoon G, Kang HT. A comparative analysis of the cell biology of senescence and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2503-24. [PMID: 19421842 PMCID: PMC11115533 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Various intracellular organelles, such as lysosomes, mitochondria, nuclei, and cytoskeletons, change during replicative senescence, but the utility of these changes as general markers of senescence and their significance with respect to functional alterations have not been comprehensively reviewed. Furthermore, the relevance of these alterations to cellular and functional changes in aging animals is poorly understood. In this paper, we review the studies that report these senescence-associated changes in various aging cells and their underlying mechanisms. Changes associated with lysosomes and mitochondria are found not only in cells undergoing replicative or induced senescence but also in postmitotic cells isolated from aged organisms. In contrast, other changes occur mainly in cells undergoing in vitro senescence. Comparison of age-related changes and their underlying mechanisms in in vitro senescent cells and aged postmitotic cells would reveal the relevance of replicative senescence to the physiological processes occurring in postmitotic cells as individuals age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemungu, Jeonnongdong 90, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Liu S, Umezu-Goto M, Murph M, Lu Y, Liu W, Zhang F, Yu S, Stephens LC, Cui X, Murrow G, Coombes K, Muller W, Hung MC, Perou CM, Lee AV, Fang X, Mills GB. Expression of autotaxin and lysophosphatidic acid receptors increases mammary tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastases. Cancer Cell 2009; 15:539-50. [PMID: 19477432 PMCID: PMC4157573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) acts through high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors to mediate a plethora of physiological and pathological activities associated with tumorigenesis. LPA receptors and autotaxin (ATX/LysoPLD), the primary enzyme producing LPA, are aberrantly expressed in multiple cancer lineages. However, the role of ATX and LPA receptors in the initiation and progression of breast cancer has not been evaluated. We demonstrate that expression of ATX or each edg family LPA receptor in mammary epithelium of transgenic mice is sufficient to induce a high frequency of late-onset, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, invasive, and metastatic mammary cancer. Thus, ATX and LPA receptors can contribute to the initiation and progression of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multienzyme Complexes/genetics
- Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology
- Phosphodiesterase I/genetics
- Phosphodiesterase I/metabolism
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases
- Pyrophosphatases/genetics
- Pyrophosphatases/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid/physiology
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Makiko Umezu-Goto
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mandi Murph
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuangxing Yu
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - L. Clifton Stephens
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - George Murrow
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin Coombes
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles M. Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adrian V. Lee
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: Dr. Gordon B. Mills, Department of Systems Biology, M D Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA, , Tel (713) 563-4200, Fax (713) 563-4235
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16
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Abstract
Oncogene-induced cellular senescence constitutes a strong anti-proliferative response, which can be set in motion following either oncogene activation or loss of tumour suppressor signalling. It serves to limit the expansion of early neoplastic cells and as such is a potent cancer-protective response to oncogenic events. Recently emerging evidence points to a crucial role in oncogene-induced cellular senescence for the 'senescence-messaging secretome' or SMS, setting the stage for cross-talk between senescent cells and their environment. How are such signals integrated into a coordinated response and what are the implications of this unexpected finding?
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kuilman
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Force T, Woodgett JR. Unique and overlapping functions of GSK-3 isoforms in cell differentiation and proliferation and cardiovascular development. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:9643-7. [PMID: 19064989 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r800077200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive study over the past 30 years has helped define the role of the GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) family in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the majority of these studies have relied upon overexpression approaches or nonselective small molecule inhibitors. Herein, we examine recent data derived from studies in gene-targeted embryonic stem cells and knock-out mice in an attempt to define the role these protein kinases play in critical decisions made by stem/progenitor cells and by early lineage-committed cardiomyocytes during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Force
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cardiology Division, and Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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