1
|
Tucker SK, McHugh RE, Roe AJ. One problem, multiple potential targets: Where are we now in the development of small molecule inhibitors against Shiga toxin? Cell Signal 2024; 121:111253. [PMID: 38852937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are a group of enteric pathogens which carry phage-encoded Shiga toxins (Stx). STEC infections begin with severe abdominal pain and non-bloody diarrhoea, which can progress to bloody diarrhoea after approximately 4-days post-infection. In high-risk groups such as children and the elderly, patients may develop haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). HUS is characterised by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and in severe disease acute renal failure. Traditional antibiotics have been linked with increased toxin production due to the activation of recA-mediated bacterial stress response, resulting in poorer patient outcomes. Therefore, treatment relies on supportive therapies. Antivirulence strategies have been explored as an alternative treatment for bacterial infections and blockers of virulence factors such as the Type III Secretion System. Recent improvements in the mechanistic understanding of the Stx pathway have led to the design of inhibitors to disrupt the pathway, leading to toxin-mediated ribosome damage. However, compounds have yet to progress beyond Phase III clinical trials successfully. This review explores the progress in developing small molecule inhibitors by collating lead compounds derived from in-silico and experimental approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Tucker
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E McHugh
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Roe
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu M, Zhu Y, Li D, Zhou Z, Lin H, Hong H, Shi J, Wu Z. Gb3-Coated Bovine Milk Exosomes as a Practical Neutralizer for Shiga Toxin. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5798-5808. [PMID: 37988327 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx) is associated with foodborne infections of some Shigella spp. and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), leading to life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Target-specific therapeutics against HUS are currently unavailable in clinical practice. Herein, we reported the construction and in vitro characterization of Gb3-coated bovine milk exosomes (Gb3-mExo) as a multivalent Shiga toxin neutralizer, utilizing the natural advantages of milk exosomes (mExo) in drug delivery and multivalent interactions between Stx and its receptor Gb3. Gb3-mExo constructs were achieved by conjugating mExo with the Gb3 derivatives containing stearic acid-derived lipid tail, which was prepared through an efficient chemoenzymatic approach. The constructs were able to potently neutralize the binding of the B subunit of Stx2 (Stx2B) to receptor Gb3 immobilized on the plate or expressed on model cells. General safety of the constructs was evidenced by the cytotoxicity analysis and hemolysis assay. In addition to the excellent stability under conventional storage and handling conditions, the construct can also retain most of its neutralization potency under gastrointestinal pH extremes, showing the potential for oral administration. Considering the natural availability and excellent biocompatibility of mExo, Gb3-mExo conjugates should prove to be a practical prophylactic and therapeutic for the Shiga toxin-related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Yating Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Han Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Haofei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang K, Chen Z, Zang Y, Shi Y, Shang C, Jiao X, Cai J, Gao X. Functional characterization of Vip3Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis reveals the contributions of specific domains to its insecticidal activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103000. [PMID: 36764522 PMCID: PMC10017365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbially derived, protein-based biopesticides offer a more sustainable pest management alternative to synthetic pesticides. Vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip3), multidomain proteins secreted by Bacillus thuringiensis, represent a second-generation insecticidal toxin that has been preliminarily used in transgenic crops. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Vip3's toxicity is poorly understood. Here, we determine the distinct functions and contributions of the domains of the Vip3Aa protein to its toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. We demonstrate that Vip3Aa domains II and III (DII-DIII) bind the midgut epithelium, while DI is essential for Vip3Aa's stability and toxicity inside the protease-enriched host insect midgut. DI-DIII can be activated by midgut proteases and exhibits cytotoxicity similar to full-length Vip3Aa. In addition, we determine that DV can bind the peritrophic matrix via its glycan-binding activity, which contributes to Vip3Aa insecticidal activity. In summary, this study provides multiple insights into Vip3Aa's mode-of-action which should significantly facilitate the clarification of its insecticidal mechanism and its further rational development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanrong Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Taishan College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengbin Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuyao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar P, Shaikh AA, Kumar P, Gupta VK, Dhyani R, Sharma TK, Hussain A, Gangele K, Poluri KM, Rao KN, Malik RK, Pathania R, Navani NK. Double-Edged Nanobiotic Platform with Protean Functionality: Leveraging the Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of a Food-Grade Peptide to Mitigate Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20652-20668. [PMID: 35486715 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While persistent efforts are being made to develop a novel arsenal against bacterial pathogens, the development of such materials remains a formidable challenge. One such strategy is to develop a multimodel antibacterial agent which will synergistically combat bacterial pathogens, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Herein, we used pediocin, a class IIa bacteriocin, to decorate Ag° and developed a double-edged nanoplatform (Pd-SNPs) that inherits intrinsic properties of both antibacterial moieties, which engenders strikingly high antibacterial potency against a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens including the ESKAPE category without displaying adverse cytotoxicity. The enhanced antimicrobial activity of Pd-SNPs is due to their higher affinity with the bacterial cell wall, which allows Pd-SNPs to penetrate the outer membrane, inducing membrane depolarization and the disruption of membrane integrity. Bioreporter assays revealed the upregulation of cpxP, degP, and sosX genes, triggering the burst of reactive oxygen species which eventually cause bacterial cell death. Pd-SNPs prevented biofilm formation, eradicated established biofilms, and inhibited persister cells. Pd-SNPs display unprecedented advantages because they are heat-resistant, retain antibacterial activity in human serum, and alleviate vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) infection in the mouse model. In addition, Pd-SNPs wrapped in biodegradable nanofibers mitigated Listeria monocytogenes in cheese samples. Collectively, Pd-SNPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility and in vivo therapeutic potency without allowing foreseeable resistance acquisition by pathogens. These findings underscore new avenues for using a potent biocompatible nanobiotic platform to combat a wide range of bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Korasapati Nageswara Rao
- College of Dairy Technology, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar Malik
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alhadrami HA, Alkhatabi H, Abduljabbar FH, Abdelmohsen UR, Sayed AM. Anticancer Potential of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles of the Soft Coral Cladiella pachyclados Supported by Network Pharmacology and In Silico Analyses. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1846. [PMID: 34834261 PMCID: PMC8621232 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cladiella-derived natural products have shown promising anticancer properties against many human cancer cell lines. In the present investigation, we found that an ethyl acetate extract of Cladiella pachyclados (CE) collected from the Red Sea could inhibit the human breast cancer (BC) cells (MCF and MDA-MB-231) in vitro (IC50 24.32 ± 1.1 and 9.55 ± 0.19 µg/mL, respectively). The subsequent incorporation of the Cladiella extract into the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) resulted in significantly more activity against both cancer cell lines (IC50 5.62 ± 0.89 and 1.72 ± 0.36, respectively); the efficacy was comparable to that of doxorubicin with much-enhanced selectivity. To explore the mode of action of this extract, various in silico and network-pharmacology-based analyses were performed in the light of the LC-HRESIMS-identified compounds in the CE extract. Firstly, using two independent machine-learning-based prediction software platforms, most of the identified compounds in CE were predicted to inhibit both MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. Moreover, they were predicted to have low toxicity towards normal cell lines. Secondly, approximately 242 BC-related molecular targets were collected from various databases and used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, which revealed the most important molecular targets and signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of BC. All the identified compounds in the extract were then subjected to inverse docking against all proteins hosted in the Protein Data bank (PDB) to discover the BC-related proteins that these compounds can target. Approximately, 10.74% of the collected BC-related proteins were potential targets for 70% of the compounds identified in CE. Further validation of the docking results using molecular dynamic simulations (MDS) and binding free energy calculations revealed that only 2.47% of the collected BC-related proteins could be targeted by 30% of the CE-derived compounds. According to docking and MDS experiments, protein-pathway and compound-protein interaction networks were constructed to determine the signaling pathways that the CE compounds could influence. This paper highlights the potential of marine natural products as effective anticancer agents and reports the discovery of novel anti-breast cancer AgNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani A. Alhadrami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (H.A.)
- Molecular Diagnostic Lab., King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Alkhatabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (H.A.)
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad H. Abduljabbar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alhadrami HA, Orfali R, Hamed AA, Ghoneim MM, Hassan HM, Hassane ASI, Rateb ME, Sayed AM, Gamaleldin NM. Flavonoid-Coated Gold Nanoparticles as Efficient Antibiotics against Gram-Negative Bacteria-Evidence from In Silico-Supported In Vitro Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:968. [PMID: 34439019 PMCID: PMC8389009 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of bioactive plant-derived natural products that exhibit a broad range of biological activities, including antibacterial ones. Their inhibitory activity toward Gram-positive bacterial was found to be superior to that against Gram-negative ones. In the present study, a number of flavonoid-coated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were designed to enhance the antibacterial effects of chrysin, kaempferol, and quercetin against a number of Gram-negative bacteria. The prepared GNPs were able to conjugate to these three flavonoids with conjugation efficiency ranging from 41% to 80%. Additionally, they were able to exert an enhanced antibacterial activity in comparison with the free flavonoids and the unconjugated GNPs. Quercetin-coated GNPs were the most active nano-conjugates and were able to penetrate the cell wall of E. coli. A number of in silico experiments were carried out to explain the conjugation efficiency and the antibacterial mechanisms of these flavonoids as follows: (i) these flavonoids can efficiently bind to the glutathione linker on the surface of GNPs via H-bonding; (ii) these flavonoids, particularly quercetin, were able to increase the bacterial membrane rigidity, and hence decrease its functionality; (iii) these flavonoids can inhibit E. coli's DNA gyrase (Gyr-B) with IC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 3.9 µM. In conclusion, these bioactive flavonoid-based GNPs are considered to be very promising antibiotic candidates for further development and evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani A. Alhadrami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Molecular Diagnostic Lab, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. Hamed
- National Research Centre, Microbial Chemistry Department, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. I. Hassane
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.S.I.H.); (M.E.R.)
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Health Campus, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2NZ, UK
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.S.I.H.); (M.E.R.)
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
| | - Noha M. Gamaleldin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11837, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Damalanka VC, Maddirala AR, Janetka JW. Novel approaches to glycomimetic design: development of small molecular weight lectin antagonists. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:513-536. [PMID: 33337918 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1857721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The direct binding of carbohydrates or those presented on glycoproteins or glycolipids to proteins is the primary effector of many biological responses. One class of carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins are important in all forms of life. Their functions in animals include regulating cell adhesion, glycoprotein synthesis, metabolism, and mediating immune system response while in bacteria and viruses a lectin-mediated carbohydrate-protein interaction between host cells and the pathogen initiates pathogenesis of the infection.Areas covered: In this review, the authors outline the structural and functional pathogenesis of lectins from bacteria, amoeba, and humans. Mimics of a carbohydrate are referred to as glycomimetics, which are much smaller in molecular weight and are devised to mimic the key binding interactions of the carbohydrate while also allowing additional contacts with the lectin. This article emphasizes the various approaches used over the past 10-15 years in the rational design of glycomimetic ligands.Expert opinion: Medicinal chemistry efforts enabled by X-ray structural biology have identified small-molecule glycomimetic lectin antagonists that have entered or are nearing clinical trials. A common theme in these strategies is the use of biaryl ring systems to emulate the carbohydrate interactions with the lectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis USA
| | - Amarendar Reddy Maddirala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mela I, Kaminski CF. Nano-vehicles give new lease of life to existing antimicrobials. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:555-566. [PMID: 33258900 PMCID: PMC7752037 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become one of the greatest challenges for modern medicine, and new approaches for the treatment of bacterial infections are urgently needed to avoid widespread vulnerability again to infections that have so far been easily treatable with existing drugs. Among the many approaches investigated to overcome this challenge is the use of engineered nanostructures for the precise and targeted delivery of existing antimicrobial agents in a fashion that will potentiate their effect. This idea leans on lessons learned from pioneering research in cancer, where the targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs to mammalian cells has been a topic for some time. In particular, new research has demonstrated that nanomaterials can be functionalised with active antimicrobials and, in some cases, with targeting molecules that potentiate the efficiency of the antimicrobials. In this mini-review, we summarise results that demonstrate the potential for nanoparticles, dendrimers and DNA nanostructures for use in antimicrobial delivery. We consider material aspects of the delivery vehicles and ways in which they can be functionalised with antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides, and we review evidence for their efficacy to kill bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of these materials and highlight the benefits of DNA nanostructures specifically for their versatile potential in the present context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mela
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lingwood C. Verotoxin Receptor-Based Pathology and Therapies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:123. [PMID: 32296648 PMCID: PMC7136409 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Verotoxin, VT (aka Shiga toxin,Stx) is produced by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and is the key pathogenic factor in EHEC-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (eHUS-hemolytic anemia/thrombocytopenia/glomerular infarct) which can follow gastrointestinal EHEC infection, particularly in children. This AB5 subunit toxin family bind target cell globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb3), a glycosphingolipid (GSL) (aka CD77, pk blood group antigen) of the globoseries of neutral GSLs, initiating lipid raft-dependent plasma membrane Gb3 clustering, membrane curvature, invagination, scission, endosomal trafficking, and retrograde traffic via the TGN to the Golgi, and ER. In the ER, A/B subunits separate and the A subunit hijacks the ER reverse translocon (dislocon-used to eliminate misfolded proteins-ER associated degradation-ERAD) for cytosolic access. This property has been used to devise toxoid-based therapy to temporarily block ERAD and rescue the mutant phenotype of several genetic protein misfolding diseases. The A subunit avoids cytosolic proteosomal degradation, to block protein synthesis via its RNA glycanase activity. In humans, Gb3 is primarily expressed in the kidney, particularly in the glomerular endothelial cells. Here, Gb3 is in lipid rafts (more ordered membrane domains which accumulate GSLs/cholesterol) whereas renal tubular Gb3 is in the non-raft membrane fraction, explaining the basic pathology of eHUS (glomerular endothelial infarct). Females are more susceptible and this correlates with higher renal Gb3 expression. HUS can be associated with encephalopathy, more commonly following verotoxin 2 exposure. Gb3 is expressed in the microvasculature of the brain. All members of the VT family bind Gb3, but with varying affinity. VT2e (pig edema toxin) binds Gb4 preferentially. Verotoxin-specific therapeutics based on chemical analogs of Gb3, though effective in vitro, have failed in vivo. While some analogs are effective in animal models, there are no good rodent models of eHUS since Gb3 is not expressed in rodent glomeruli. However, the mouse mimics the neurological symptoms more closely and provides an excellent tool to assess therapeutics. In addition to direct cytotoxicity, other factors including VT–induced cytokine release and aberrant complement cascade, are now appreciated as important in eHUS. Based on atypical HUS therapy, treatment of eHUS patients with anticomplement antibodies has proven effective in some cases. A recent switch using stem cells to try to reverse, rather than prevent VT induced pathology may prove a more effective methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Lingwood
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nanomedicines for the Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030560. [PMID: 32244858 PMCID: PMC7153398 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections are still among the major public health concerns since several yeasts and fungi, and other pathogenic microorganisms, are responsible for continuous growth of infections and drug resistance against bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance rate is fostering the need to develop new strategies against drug-resistant superbugs. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptide-based molecules of 5–100 amino acids in length, with potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. They are part of the innate immune system, which can represent a minimal risk of resistance development. These characteristics contribute to the description of these molecules as promising new molecules in the development of new antimicrobial drugs. However, efforts in developing new medicines have not resulted in any decrease of drug resistance yet. Thus, a technological approach on improving existing drugs is gaining special interest. Nanomedicine provides easy access to innovative carriers, which ultimately enable the design and development of targeted delivery systems of the most efficient drugs with increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. Based on performance, successful experiments, and considerable market prospects, nanotechnology will undoubtedly lead a breakthrough in biomedical field also for infectious diseases, as there are several nanotechnological approaches that exhibit important roles in restoring antibiotic activity against resistant bacteria.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yamini G, Nestorovich EM. Multivalent Inhibitors of Channel-Forming Bacterial Toxins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 406:199-227. [PMID: 27469304 PMCID: PMC6814628 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of multivalent molecules represents a remarkable modern tool to transform weak non-covalent interactions into strong binding by creating multiple finely-tuned points of contact between multivalent ligands and their supposed multivalent targets. Here, we describe several prominent examples where the multivalent blockers were investigated for their ability to directly obstruct oligomeric channel-forming bacterial exotoxins, such as the pore-forming bacterial toxins and B component of the binary bacterial toxins. We address problems related to the blocker/target symmetry match and nature of the functional groups, as well as chemistry and length of the linkers connecting the functional groups to their multivalent scaffolds. Using the anthrax toxin and AB5 toxin case studies, we briefly review how the oligomeric toxin components can be successfully disabled by the multivalent non-channel-blocking inhibitors, which are based on a variety of multivalent scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goli Yamini
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., 20064, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Singh M, Kumar A, Singh R, Pandey KD. Endophytic bacteria: a new source of bioactive compounds. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:315. [PMID: 28955612 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bioactive compounds are in high demand in the pharmaceuticals and naturopathy, due to their health benefits to human and plants. Microorganisms synthesize these compounds and some enzymes either alone or in association with plants. Microbes residing inside the plant tissues, known as endophytes, also produce an array of these compounds. Endophytic actinomycetes act as a promising resource of biotechnologically valuable bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites. Endophytic Streptomyces sp. produced some novel antibiotics which are effective against multi-drug-resistant bacteria Antimicrobial agents produced by endophytes are eco-friendly, toxic to pathogens and do not harm the human. Endophytic inoculation of the plants modulates the synthesis of bioactive compounds with high pharmaceutical properties besides promoting growth of the plants. Hydrolases, the extracellular enzymes, produced by endophytic bacteria, help the plants to establish systemic resistance against pathogens invasion. Phytohormones produced by endophytes play an essential role in plant development and drought resistance management. The high diversity of endophytes and their adaptation to various environmental stresses seem to be an untapped source of new secondary metabolites. The present review summarizes the role of endophytic bacteria in synthesis and modulation of bioactive compounds.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li J, Yu F, Chen Y, Oupický D. Polymeric drugs: Advances in the development of pharmacologically active polymers. J Control Release 2015; 219:369-382. [PMID: 26410809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers play a critical role in pharmaceutical discovery and development. Current research and applications of pharmaceutical polymers are mainly focused on their functions as excipients and inert carriers of other pharmacologically active agents. This review article surveys recent advances in alternative pharmaceutical use of polymers as pharmacologically active agents known as polymeric drugs. Emphasis is placed on the benefits of polymeric drugs that are associated with their macromolecular character and their ability to explore biologically relevant multivalency processes. We discuss the main therapeutic uses of polymeric drugs as sequestrants, antimicrobials, antivirals, and anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Dramatic Modulatory Role of the 2'N Substitution of the Terminal Amino Hexose of Globotetraosylceramide in Determining Binding by Members of the Verotoxin Family. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography2030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Polymer antidotes for toxin sequestration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 90:81-100. [PMID: 26026975 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxins delivered by envenomation, secreted by microorganisms, or unintentionally ingested can pose an immediate threat to life. Rapid intervention coupled with the appropriate antidote is required to mitigate the threat. Many antidotes are biological products and their cost, methods of production, potential for eliciting immunogenic responses, the time needed to generate them, and stability issues contribute to their limited availability and effectiveness. These factors exacerbate a world-wide challenge for providing treatment. In this review we evaluate a number of polymer constructs that may serve as alternative antidotes. The range of toxins investigated includes those from sources such as plants, animals and bacteria. The development of polymeric heavy metal sequestrants for use as antidotes to heavy metal poisoning faces similar challenges, thus recent findings in this area have also been included. Two general strategies have emerged for the development of polymeric antidotes. In one, the polymer acts as a scaffold for the presentation of ligands with a known affinity for the toxin. A second strategy is to generate polymers with an intrinsic affinity, and in some cases selectivity, to a range of toxins. Importantly, in vivo efficacy has been demonstrated for each of these strategies, which suggests that these approaches hold promise as an alternative to biological or small molecule based treatments.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yan X, Sivignon A, Yamakawa N, Crepet A, Travelet C, Borsali R, Dumych T, Li Z, Bilyy R, Deniaud D, Fleury E, Barnich N, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Gouin SG, Bouckaert J, Bernard J. Glycopolymers as Antiadhesives of E. coli Strains Inducing Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1827-36. [PMID: 25961760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
n-Heptyl α-d-mannose (HM) is a nanomolar antagonist of FimH, a virulence factor of E. coli. Herein we report on the construction of multivalent HM-based glycopolymers as potent antiadhesives of type 1 piliated E. coli. We investigate glycopolymer/FimH and glycopolymer/bacteria interactions and show that HM-based glycopolymers efficiently inhibit bacterial adhesion and disrupt established cell-bacteria interactions in vitro at very low concentration (0.1 μM on a mannose unit basis). On a valency-corrected basis, HM-based glycopolymers are, respectively, 10(2) and 10(6) times more potent than HM and d-mannose for their capacity to disrupt the binding of adherent-invasive E. coli to T84 intestinal epithelial cells. Finally, we demonstrate that the antiadhesive capacities of HM-based glycopolymers are preserved ex vivo in the colonic loop of a transgenic mouse model of Crohn's disease. All together, these results underline the promising scope of HM-based macromolecular ligands for the antiadhesive treatment of E. coli induced inflammatory bowel diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xibo Yan
- §Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003 France.,◆INSA-Lyon, IMP, Villeurbanne, F-69621 France.,¶CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- ∥Clermont Université, UMR 1071, Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,⊥INRA, Unité Sous Contrat 2018, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nao Yamakawa
- #Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR 8576, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Agnes Crepet
- §Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003 France.,◆INSA-Lyon, IMP, Villeurbanne, F-69621 France.,¶CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France
| | - Christophe Travelet
- ○Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV - CNRS UPR 5301), Université de Grenoble-Alpes, ICMG - CNRS FR 2607, PolyNat Carnot Institute, Arcane LabEx, 601 rue de la Chimie, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Redouane Borsali
- ○Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV - CNRS UPR 5301), Université de Grenoble-Alpes, ICMG - CNRS FR 2607, PolyNat Carnot Institute, Arcane LabEx, 601 rue de la Chimie, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Tetiana Dumych
- □Institute of Cell Biology, NASU, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Zhaoli Li
- △Division of Bacterial Diseases, State key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Maduan St. 427#, Nangang Dis, Harbin, China
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- □Institute of Cell Biology, NASU, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - David Deniaud
- ▽LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Etienne Fleury
- §Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003 France.,◆INSA-Lyon, IMP, Villeurbanne, F-69621 France.,¶CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- ∥Clermont Université, UMR 1071, Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,⊥INRA, Unité Sous Contrat 2018, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- ∥Clermont Université, UMR 1071, Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,⊥INRA, Unité Sous Contrat 2018, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien G Gouin
- ▽LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- #Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR 8576, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Julien Bernard
- §Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003 France.,◆INSA-Lyon, IMP, Villeurbanne, F-69621 France.,¶CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cecioni S, Imberty A, Vidal S. Glycomimetics versus Multivalent Glycoconjugates for the Design of High Affinity Lectin Ligands. Chem Rev 2014; 115:525-61. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500303t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samy Cecioni
- CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nanomedicines for antimicrobial interventions. J Hosp Infect 2014; 88:183-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
19
|
Upadhyay A, Upadhyaya I, Kollanoor-Johny A, Venkitanarayanan K. Combating pathogenic microorganisms using plant-derived antimicrobials: a minireview of the mechanistic basis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:761741. [PMID: 25298964 PMCID: PMC4178913 DOI: 10.1155/2014/761741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has led to renewed interest in exploring the potential of plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs) as an alternative therapeutic strategy to combat microbial infections. Historically, plant extracts have been used as a safe, effective, and natural remedy for ailments and diseases in traditional medicine. Extensive research in the last two decades has identified a plethora of PDAs with a wide spectrum of activity against a variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens causing infections in humans and animals. Active components of many plant extracts have been characterized and are commercially available; however, research delineating the mechanistic basis of their antimicrobial action is scanty. This review highlights the potential of various plant-derived compounds to control pathogenic bacteria, especially the diverse effects exerted by plant compounds on various virulence factors that are critical for pathogenicity inside the host. In addition, the potential effect of PDAs on gut microbiota is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Indu Upadhyaya
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anup Kollanoor-Johny
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kumar Venkitanarayanan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Förstner P, Bayer F, Kalu N, Felsen S, Förtsch C, Aloufi A, Ng DYW, Weil T, Nestorovich EM, Barth H. Cationic PAMAM dendrimers as pore-blocking binary toxin inhibitors. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2461-74. [PMID: 24954629 PMCID: PMC4215879 DOI: 10.1021/bm500328v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are unique highly branched macromolecules with numerous groundbreaking biomedical applications under development. Here we identified poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers as novel blockers for the pore-forming B components of the binary anthrax toxin (PA63) and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin (C2IIa). These pores are essential for delivery of the enzymatic A components of the internalized toxins from endosomes into the cytosol of target cells. We demonstrate that at low μM concentrations cationic PAMAM dendrimers block PA63 and C2IIa to inhibit channel-mediated transport of the A components, thereby protecting HeLa and Vero cells from intoxication. By channel reconstitution and high-resolution current recording, we show that the PAMAM dendrimers obstruct transmembrane PA63 and C2IIa pores in planar lipid bilayers at nM concentrations. These findings suggest a new potential role for the PAMAM dendrimers as effective polyvalent channel-blocking inhibitors, which can protect human target cells from intoxication with binary toxins from pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Förstner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center , D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sutkeviciute I, Thépaut M, Sattin S, Berzi A, McGeagh J, Grudinin S, Weiser J, Le Roy A, Reina JJ, Rojo J, Clerici M, Bernardi A, Ebel C, Fieschi F. Unique DC-SIGN clustering activity of a small glycomimetic: A lesson for ligand design. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1377-85. [PMID: 24749535 DOI: 10.1021/cb500054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
DC-SIGN is a dendritic cell-specific C-type lectin receptor that recognizes highly glycosylated ligands expressed on the surface of various pathogens. This receptor plays an important role in the early stages of many viral infections, including HIV, which makes it an interesting therapeutic target. Glycomimetic compounds are good drug candidates for DC-SIGN inhibition due to their high solubility, resistance to glycosidases, and nontoxicity. We studied the structural properties of the interaction of the tetrameric DC-SIGN extracellular domain (ECD), with two glycomimetic antagonists, a pseudomannobioside (1) and a linear pseudomannotrioside (2). Though the inhibitory potency of 2, as measured by SPR competition experiments, was 1 order of magnitude higher than that of 1, crystal structures of the complexes within the DC-SIGN carbohydrate recognition domain showed the same binding mode for both compounds. Moreover, when conjugated to multivalent scaffolds, the inhibitory potencies of these compounds became uniform. Combining isothermal titration microcalorimetry, analytical ultracentrifugation, and dynamic light scattering techniques to study DC-SIGN ECD interaction with these glycomimetics revealed that 2 is able, without any multivalent presentation, to cluster DC-SIGN tetramers leading to an artificially overestimated inhibitory potency. The use of multivalent scaffolds presenting 1 or 2 in HIV trans-infection inhibition assay confirms the loss of potency of 2 upon conjugation and the equal efficacy of chemically simpler compound 1. This study documents a unique case where, among two active compounds chemically derived, the compound with the lower apparent activity is the optimal lead for further drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Sutkeviciute
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble F-38027, France
- CNRS, IBS Grenoble F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV-IBS, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble F-38027, France
- CNRS, IBS Grenoble F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV-IBS, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Sara Sattin
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universita’ di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Angela Berzi
- Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20157, Italy
| | - John McGeagh
- Anterio Consult&Research GmbH, Augustaanlage 23, Mannheim D-68165, Germany
| | - Sergei Grudinin
- INRIA Grenoble, Saint Ismier Cedex F-38334, France
- CNRS Laboratoire
Jean Kuntzmann, Grenoble 38041, France
| | - Jörg Weiser
- Anterio Consult&Research GmbH, Augustaanlage 23, Mannheim D-68165, Germany
| | - Aline Le Roy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble F-38027, France
- CNRS, IBS Grenoble F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV-IBS, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Jose J. Reina
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC−Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC−Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department
of Physiopatology and Transplantation, University of Milan and Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, Milan 20148, Italy
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universita’ di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Christine Ebel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble F-38027, France
- CNRS, IBS Grenoble F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV-IBS, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble F-38027, France
- CNRS, IBS Grenoble F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV-IBS, Grenoble F-38000, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sunasee R, Adokoh CK, Darkwa J, Narain R. Therapeutic potential of carbohydrate-based polymeric and nanoparticle systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:867-84. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.902048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
23
|
Dasgupta S, Kitov PI, Sadowska JM, Bundle DR. Discovery of Inhibitors of Shiga Toxin Type 2 by On-Plate Generation and Screening of a Focused Compound Library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1510-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
24
|
Dasgupta S, Kitov PI, Sadowska JM, Bundle DR. Discovery of Inhibitors of Shiga Toxin Type 2 by On-Plate Generation and Screening of a Focused Compound Library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Hudak JE, Bertozzi CR. Glycotherapy: new advances inspire a reemergence of glycans in medicine. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014; 21:16-37. [PMID: 24269151 PMCID: PMC4111574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The beginning of the 20(th) century marked the dawn of modern medicine with glycan-based therapies at the forefront. However, glycans quickly became overshadowed as DNA- and protein-focused treatments became readily accessible. The recent development of new tools and techniques to study and produce structurally defined carbohydrates has spurred renewed interest in the therapeutic applications of glycans. This review focuses on advances within the past decade that are bringing glycan-based treatments back to the forefront of medicine and the technologies that are driving these efforts. These include the use of glycans themselves as therapeutic molecules as well as engineering protein and cell surface glycans to suit clinical applications. Glycan therapeutics offer a rich and promising frontier for developments in the academic, biopharmaceutical, and medical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Hudak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jacobson JM, Yin J, Kitov PI, Mulvey G, Griener TP, James MNG, Armstrong G, Bundle DR. The crystal structure of shiga toxin type 2 with bound disaccharide guides the design of a heterobifunctional toxin inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:885-94. [PMID: 24225957 PMCID: PMC3887212 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.518886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2a) is clinically most closely associated with enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7-mediated hemorrhagic colitis that sometimes progresses to hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The ability to express the toxin has been acquired by other Escherichia coli strains, and outbreaks of food poisoning have caused significant mortality rates as, for example, in the 2011 outbreak in northern Germany. Stx2a, an AB5 toxin, gains entry into human cells via the glycosphingolipid receptor Gb3. We have determined the first crystal structure of a disaccharide analog of Gb3 bound to the B5 pentamer of Stx2a holotoxin. In this Gb3 analog,-GalNAc replaces the terminal-Gal residue. This co-crystal structure confirms previous inferences that two of the primary binding sites identified in theB5 pentamer of Stx1 are also functional in Stx2a. This knowledge provides a rationale for the synthesis and evaluation of heterobifunctional antagonists for E. coli toxins that target Stx2a. Incorporation of GalNAc Gb3 trisaccharide in a heterobifunctional ligand with an attached pyruvate acetal, a ligand for human amyloid P component, and conjugation to poly[acrylamide-co-(3-azidopropylmethacrylamide)] produced a polymer that neutralized Stx2a in a mouse model of Shigatoxemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Jacobson
- From the Department of Chemistry, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jiang Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada, and
| | - Pavel I. Kitov
- From the Department of Chemistry, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - George Mulvey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Tom P. Griener
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Michael N. G. James
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada, and
| | - Glen Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - David R. Bundle
- From the Department of Chemistry, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maria Cherian R, Gaunitz S, Nilsson A, Liu J, Karlsson NG, Holgersson J. Shiga-like toxin binds with high avidity to multivalent O-linked blood group P1 determinants on mucin-type fusion proteins. Glycobiology 2013; 24:26-38. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
28
|
Jacobson JM, Kitov PI, Bundle DR. The synthesis of a multivalent heterobifunctional ligand for specific interaction with Shiga toxin 2 produced by E. coli O157:H7. Carbohydr Res 2013; 378:4-14. [PMID: 23768952 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a potentially fatal complication of food poisoning caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, especially those strains that produce the Stx2 Shiga toxin. Multivalent inhibitors based on the P(k) trisaccharide are most effective against Stx1 the less dangerous of the two Shiga toxins. Inhibitors containing a terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranosyl residue in place of the terminal α-d-galactopyranosyl residue of P(k) trisaccharide have been shown to exhibit preferential binding to Stx2. A multivalent heterobifunctional P(k) analog containing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranose has been synthesized in a format that facilitates the ablation of toxin activity via supramolecular complex formation between Stx and the endogenous protein, Human serum amyloid P component (HuSAP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Jacobson
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Branson TR, Turnbull WB. Bacterial toxininhibitors based on multivalent scaffolds. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4613-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35430f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
30
|
Okochi A, Tanimoto S, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Target-selective photo-degradation of verotoxin-1 and reduction of its cytotoxicity to Vero cells using porphyrin–globotriose hybrids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6027-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
31
|
Sunasee R, Narain R. Glycopolymers and Glyco-nanoparticles in Biomolecular Recognition Processes and Vaccine Development. Macromol Biosci 2012; 13:9-27. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
32
|
Bergan J, Dyve Lingelem AB, Simm R, Skotland T, Sandvig K. Shiga toxins. Toxicon 2012; 60:1085-107. [PMID: 22960449 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxins are virulence factors produced by the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae and certain strains of Escherichia coli. There is currently no available treatment for disease caused by these toxin-producing bacteria, and understanding the biology of the Shiga toxins might be instrumental in addressing this issue. In target cells, the toxins efficiently inhibit protein synthesis by inactivating ribosomes, and they may induce signaling leading to apoptosis. To reach their cytoplasmic target, Shiga toxins are endocytosed and transported by a retrograde pathway to the endoplasmic reticulum, before the enzymatically active moiety is translocated to the cytosol. The toxins thereby serve as powerful tools to investigate mechanisms of intracellular transport. Although Shiga toxins are a serious threat to human health, the toxins may be exploited for medical purposes such as cancer therapy or imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bergan
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
McEnaney PJ, Parker CG, Zhang AX, Spiegel DA. Antibody-recruiting molecules: an emerging paradigm for engaging immune function in treating human disease. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1139-51. [PMID: 22758917 PMCID: PMC3401898 DOI: 10.1021/cb300119g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic immunology, the development of synthetic systems capable of modulating and/or manipulating immunological functions, represents an emerging field of research with manifold possibilities. One focus of this area has been to create low molecular weight synthetic species, called antibody-recruiting molecules (ARMs), which are capable of enhancing antibody binding to disease-relevant cells or viruses, thus leading to their immune-mediated clearance. This article provides a thorough discussion of contributions in this area, beginning with the history of small-molecule-based technologies for modulating antibody recognition, followed by a systematic review of the various applications of ARM-based strategies. Thus, we describe ARMs capable of targeting cancer, bacteria, and viral pathogens, along with some of the scientific discoveries that have resulted from their development. Research in this area underscores the many exciting possibilities at the interface of organic chemistry and immunobiology and is positioned to advance both basic and clinical science in the years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J McEnaney
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Beckmann HSG, Möller HM, Wittmann V. High-affinity multivalent wheat germ agglutinin ligands by one-pot click reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:819-26. [PMID: 23015829 PMCID: PMC3388869 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of six mono-, di-, and trivalent N,N’-diacetylchitobiose derivatives was conveniently prepared by employing a one-pot procedure for Cu(II)-catalyzed diazo transfer and Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) starting from commercially available amines. These glycoclusters were probed for their binding potencies to the plant lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) from Triticum vulgaris by an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) employing covalently immobilized N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) as a reference ligand. IC50 values were in the low micromolar/high nanomolar range, depending on the linker between the two disaccharides. Binding enhancements β up to 1000 for the divalent ligands and 2800 for a trivalent WGA ligand, compared to N,N’-diacetylchitobiose as the corresponding monovalent ligand, were observed. Molecular modeling studies, in which the chitobiose moieties were fitted into crystallographically determined binding sites of WGA, correlate the binding enhancements of the multivalent ligands with their ability to bind to the protein in a chelating mode. The best WGA ligand is a trivalent cluster with an IC50 value of 220 nM. Calculated per mol of contained chitobiose, this is the best WGA ligand known so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning S G Beckmann
- Fachbereich Chemie and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ma G, Rahman MM, Grant W, Schmidt O, Asgari S. Insect tolerance to the crystal toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab is mediated by the binding of monomeric toxin to lipophorin glycolipids causing oligomerization and sequestration reactions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 37:184-192. [PMID: 21925538 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis are used worldwide to control insect pests and vectors of diseases. Despite extensive use of the toxins as sprays and in transgenic crops, their mode of action is still not completely known. Here we show that two crystal toxins binding to different glycoprotein receptors have similar glycolipid binding properties. The glycolipid binding domain was identified in a recombinant peptide representing the domain II of the crystal toxin Cry1Ac (M-peptide). The recombinant M-peptide was isolated from bacterial lysates as a mixture of monomers and dimers and formed tetramers upon binding to glycolipid microvesicles from gut tissues and lipid particles from hemolymph plasma. Likewise, when mature toxins and M-peptides where mixed with plasma, these peptides bind to lipid particles and can be separated with lipophorin particles on low-density gradients. When mature toxin and M-peptides are added to lipid particles in increasing amounts, the peptide-particle complexes form higher aggregates that are similar to aggregates formed in low-density gradients in the presence of the toxin. This could indicate that glycolipids on lipid particles are possible targets for toxin monomers in the gut lumen, which upon binding to the glycolipids form tetramers and aggregate particles and thereby sequester the toxin inside the gut lumen before it can interact with receptors on the brush border membrane. The implication is that domain II interacting with glycolipids mediate tolerance to the toxin that is separate from interaction of the toxin with glycoprotein receptors causing toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- Insect Molecular Biology, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ivarsson ME, Leroux JC, Castagner B. Targeting bacterial toxins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4024-45. [PMID: 22441768 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein toxins constitute the main virulence factors of several species of bacteria and have proven to be attractive targets for drug development. Lead candidates that target bacterial toxins range from small molecules to polymeric binders, and act at each of the multiple steps in the process of toxin-mediated pathogenicity. Despite recent and significant advances in the field, a rationally designed drug that targets toxins has yet to reach the market. This Review presents the state of the art in bacterial toxin targeted drug development with a critical consideration of achieved breakthroughs and withstanding challenges. The discussion focuses on A-B-type protein toxins secreted by four species of bacteria, namely Clostridium difficile (toxins A and B), Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (Shiga toxin), and Bacillus anthracis (anthrax toxin), which are the causative agents of diseases for which treatments need to be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias E Ivarsson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Biros S, Hof F. Supramolecular Approaches to Medicinal Chemistry. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
39
|
Saito M, Mylvaganum M, Tam P, Novak A, Binnington B, Lingwood C. Structure-dependent pseudoreceptor intracellular traffic of adamantyl globotriaosyl ceramide mimics. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16073-87. [PMID: 22418442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.318196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The verotoxin (VT) (Shiga toxin) receptor globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb(3)), mediates VT1/VT2 retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for cytosolic A subunit access to inhibit protein synthesis. Adamantyl Gb(3) is an amphipathic competitive inhibitor of VT1/VT2 Gb(3) binding. However, Gb(3)-negative VT-resistant CHO/Jurkat cells incorporate adaGb(3) to become VT1/VT2-sensitive. CarboxyadaGb(3), urea-adaGb(3), and hydroxyethyl adaGb(3), preferentially bound by VT2, also mediate VT1/VT2 cytotoxicity. VT1/VT2 internalize to early endosomes but not to Golgi/ER. AdabisGb(3) (two deacyl Gb(3)s linked to adamantane) protects against VT1/VT2 more effectively than adaGb(3) without incorporating into Gb(3)-negative cells. AdaGb(3) (but not hydroxyethyl adaGb(3)) incorporation into Gb(3)-positive Vero cells rendered punctate cell surface VT1/VT2 binding uniform and subverted subsequent Gb(3)-dependent retrograde transport to Golgi/ER to render cytotoxicity (reduced for VT1 but not VT2) brefeldin A-resistant. VT2-induced vacuolation was maintained in adaGb(3)-treated Vero cells, but vacuolar membrane VT2 was lost. AdaGb(3) destabilized membrane cholesterol and reduced Gb(3) cholesterol stabilization in phospholipid liposomes. Cholera toxin GM1-mediated Golgi/ER targeting was unaffected by adaGb(3). We demonstrate the novel, lipid-dependent, pseudoreceptor function of Gb(3) mimics and their structure-dependent modulation of endogenous intracellular Gb(3) vesicular traffic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsumasa Saito
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li X, Wu P, Cheng S, Lv X. Synthesis and assessment of globotriose-chitosan conjugate, a novel inhibitor of shiga toxins produced by Escherichia coli. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2702-10. [PMID: 22372889 DOI: 10.1021/jm201570s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes diarrhea and colitis in humans that can develop into a life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Developing efficient means of controlling STEC diseases, for which no drugs or vaccines are currently available, remains a high priority. We report here the construction and development of chitosan conjugates bearing the Stx ligand trisaccharide globotriose to demonstrate their potential as STEC disease treatment agents. The synthesis was accomplished by grafting a globotriose derivative containing an aldehyde-functionalized aglycone to chitosan amino groups. The obtained globotriose-chitosan conjugate bound with high affinity to Stx and efficiently neutralized its toxicity on Vero cells. Moreover, Stx levels in the gut of infected mice receiving oral doses of the conjugate were greatly diminished, enabling the mice to resist a fatal STEC challenge. The conjugate appears to function as a Stx adsorbent in the gut, preventing toxin entry into the bloodstream and consequent development of HUS. As such, the conjugate could act as a novel agent against STEC disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
New pharmaceutical applications for macromolecular binders. J Control Release 2011; 155:200-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
42
|
Impact of the nature and size of the polymeric backbone on the ability of heterobifunctional ligands to mediate shiga toxin and serum amyloid p component ternary complex formation. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:1065-88. [PMID: 22069757 PMCID: PMC3202879 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3091065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of AB5-type bacterial toxins can be achieved by heterobifunctional ligands (BAITs) that mediate assembly of supramolecular complexes involving the toxin’s pentameric cell membrane-binding subunit and an endogenous protein, serum amyloid P component, of the innate immune system. Effective in vivo protection from Shiga toxin Type 1 (Stx1) is achieved by polymer-bound, heterobifunctional inhibitors-adaptors (PolyBAITs), which exhibit prolonged half-life in circulation and by mediating formation of face-to-face SAP-AB5 complexes, block receptor recognition sites and redirect toxins to the spleen and liver for degradation. Direct correlation between solid-phase activity and protective dose of PolyBAITs both in the cytotoxicity assay and in vivo indicate that the mechanism of protection from intoxication is inhibition of toxin binding to the host cell membrane. The polymeric scaffold influences the activity not only by clustering active binding fragments but also by sterically interfering with the supramolecular complex assembly. Thus, inhibitors based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) show significantly lower activity than polyacrylamide-based analogs. The detrimental steric effect can partially be alleviated by extending the length of the spacer, which separates pendant ligand from the backbone, as well as extending the spacer, which spans the distance between binding moieties within each heterobifunctional ligand. Herein we report that polymer size and payload of the active ligand had moderate effects on the inhibitor’s activity.
Collapse
|
43
|
Recent Progress of Shiga Toxin Neutralizer for Treatment of Infections by Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:239-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
44
|
Papp I, Dernedde J, Enders S, Riese SB, Shiao TC, Roy R, Haag R. Multivalent Presentation of Mannose on Hyperbranched Polyglycerol and their Interaction with Concanavalin A Lectin. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1075-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
45
|
Fighting bacterial infections—Future treatment options. Drug Resist Updat 2011; 14:125-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
46
|
Cui L, Kitov PI, Completo GC, Paulson JC, Bundle DR. Supramolecular complexing of membane Siglec CD22 mediated by a polyvalent heterobifunctional ligand that templates on IgM. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:546-50. [PMID: 21405019 DOI: 10.1021/bc100579d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a multivalent homing device, a polymer which contains preordered pendant groups with dual specificity, a trisaccharide moiety, which is specific for the siglec CD22, and an antibody specific hapten, nitrophenol. The device efficiently attracts antihapten IgM to the surface of human lymphoma B cells as well as to CD22-conjugated magnetic beads by mediating the formation of a ternary complex on the surface of the target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kulkarni AA, Fuller C, Korman H, Weiss AA, Iyer SS. Glycan encapsulated gold nanoparticles selectively inhibit shiga toxins 1 and 2. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 21:1486-93. [PMID: 20669970 DOI: 10.1021/bc100095w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stx) released by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella dysentriae cause life-threatening conditions that include hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), kidney failure, and neurological complications. Cellular entry is mediated by the B-subunit of the AB(5) toxin, which recognizes cell surface glycolipids present in lipid raft-like structures. We developed gold glyconanoparticles that present a multivalent display similar to the cell surface glycolipids to compete for these toxins. These highly soluble glyconanoparticles were nontoxic to the Vero monkey kidney cell line and protected Vero cells from Stx-mediated toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition is highly dependent on the structure and density of the glycans; selective inhibition of Stx1 and the more clinically relevant Stx2 was achieved. Interestingly, natural variants of Stx2, Stx2c, and Stx2d possessing minimal amino acid variation in the receptor binding site of the B-subunit or changes in the A-subunit were not neutralized by either the Stx1- or Stx2-specific gold glyconanoparticles. Our results suggest that tailored glyconanoparticles that mimic the natural display of glycans in lipid rafts could serve as potential therapeutics for Stx1 and Stx2. However, a few amino acid changes in emerging Stx2 variants can change receptor specificity, and further research is needed to develop receptor mimics for the emerging variants of Stx2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish A Kulkarni
- UC Chemical and Biosensors group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Reynolds M, Pérez S. Thermodynamics and chemical characterization of protein–carbohydrate interactions: The multivalency issue. CR CHIM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
49
|
Kim E, Kim HC, Lee SG, Lee SJ, Go TJ, Baek CS, Jeong SW. C-Reactive protein-directed immobilization of phosphocholine ligands on a solid surface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11900-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
50
|
Gorska K, Beyrath J, Fournel S, Guichard G, Winssinger N. Ligand dimerization programmed by hybridization to study multimeric ligand-receptor interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7742-4. [PMID: 20852806 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02852e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oligomerization of receptors induced or stabilized by polyvalent ligands is a fundamental mechanism in cellular recognition and signal transduction. Herein we report a general approach to encode complex peptide macrocycles with peptide nucleic acid (PNA) tags and program their oligomerization through hybridization as exemplified with a ligand binding to oligomeric DR5, a receptor of TRAIL cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gorska
- Institut de Science et Ingenierie Supramoleculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg-CNRS (UMR 7006), 8 allee Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|