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Yuan L, Wang Y, Shen X, Ma F, Wang J, Yan F. Soluble form of immune checkpoints in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2024; 147:103278. [PMID: 38943864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are essential regulators of immune responses, either by activating or suppressing them. Consequently, they are regarded as pivotal elements in the management of infections, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. In recent years, researchers have identified numerous soluble immune checkpoints that are produced through various mechanisms and demonstrated biological activity. These soluble immune checkpoints can be produced and distributed in the bloodstream and various tissues, with their roles in immune response dysregulation and autoimmunity extensively documented. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the generation of various soluble immune checkpoints, such as sPD-1, sCTLA-4, sTim-3, s4-1BB, sBTLA, sLAG-3, sCD200, and the B7 family, and their importance as indicators for the diagnosis and prediction of autoimmune conditions. Furthermore, the review will investigate the potential pathological mechanisms of soluble immune checkpoints in autoimmune diseases, emphasizing their association with autoimmune diseases development, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Geriatric Medical Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuxia Shen
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fujun Ma
- Department of Training, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Fang Yan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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2
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Lee WS, Nam KH, Kim JH, Kim WJ, Kim JE, Shin EC, Kim GR, Choi JM. Alleviating psoriatic skin inflammation through augmentation of Treg cells via CTLA-4 signaling peptide. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233514. [PMID: 37818377 PMCID: PMC10560854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperplasia of keratinocytes and immune cell infiltration. The IL-17-producing T cells play a key role in psoriasis pathogenesis, while regulatory T (Treg) cells are diminished during psoriatic inflammation. Current psoriasis treatments largely focus on IL-17 and IL-23, however, few studies have explored therapeutic drugs targeting an increase of Treg cells to control immune homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) signaling peptide (dNP2-ctCTLA-4) in Th17, Tc17, γδ T cells, Treg cells in vitro and a mouse model of psoriasis. Treatment with dNP2-ctCTLA-4 peptide showed a significant reduction of psoriatic skin inflammation with increased Treg cell proportion and reduced IL-17 production by T cells, indicating a potential role in modulating psoriatic skin disease. We compared dNP2-ctCTLA-4 with CTLA-4-Ig and found that only dNP2-ctCTLA-4 ameliorated the psoriasis progression, with increased Treg cells and inhibited IL-17 production from γδ T cells. In vitro experiments using a T cell-antigen presenting cell co-culture system demonstrated the distinct mechanisms of dNP2-ctCTLA-4 compared to CTLA-4-Ig in the induction of Treg cells. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of dNP2-ctCTLA-4 peptide in psoriasis by augmenting Treg/Teff ratio, offering a new approach to modulating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Nam
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Ran Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kim GR, Choi JM. Current Understanding of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) Signaling in T-Cell Biology and Disease Therapy. Mol Cells 2022; 45:513-521. [PMID: 35950451 PMCID: PMC9385567 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an immune checkpoint molecule that is mainly expressed on activated T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells that inhibits T-cell activation and regulates immune homeostasis. Due to the crucial functions of CTLA-4 in T-cell biology, CTLA-4-targeted immunotherapies have been developed for autoimmune disease as well as cancers. CTLA-4 is known to compete with CD28 to interact with B7, but some studies have revealed that its downstream signaling is independent of its ligand interaction. As a signaling domain of CTLA-4, the tyrosine motif plays a role in inhibiting T-cell activation. Recently, the lysine motif has been shown to be required for the function of Treg cells, emphasizing the importance of CTLA-4 signaling. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of CTLA-4 biology and molecular signaling events and discuss strategies to target CTLA-4 signaling for immune modulation and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Ran Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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4
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Unleashing cell-penetrating peptide applications for immunotherapy. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:482-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
About 30 years ago, the discovery of CPP improved the therapeutic approach to treat diseases and extended the range of potential targets to intracellular molecules. There are potential drug candidates for FDA approval based on active studies in basic research, preclinical, and clinical trials. Various attempts by CPP application to control the diseases such as allergy, autoimmunity, cancer, and infection demonstrated a strategy to make a new drug pipeline for successful discovery of a biologic drug for immune modulation. However, there are still no CPP-based drug candidates for immune-related diseases in the clinical stage. To control immune responses successfully, not only increasing delivery efficiency of CPPs but also selecting potential target cells and cargoes could be important issues. In particular, as it becomes possible to control intracellular targets, efforts to find various novel potential target are being attempted. In this chapter, we focused on CPP-based approaches to treat diseases through modulation of immune responses and discussed for perspectives on future direction of the research for successful application of CPP technology to immune modulation and disease therapy in clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Martínez-Méndez D, Mendoza L, Villarreal C, Huerta L. Continuous Modeling of T CD4 Lymphocyte Activation and Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:743559. [PMID: 34804023 PMCID: PMC8602102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.743559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T CD4+ cells are central to the adaptive immune response against pathogens. Their activation is induced by the engagement of the T-cell receptor by antigens, and of co-stimulatory receptors by molecules also expressed on antigen presenting cells. Then, a complex network of intracellular events reinforce, diversify and regulate the initial signals, including dynamic metabolic processes that strongly influence both the activation state and the differentiation to effector cell phenotypes. The regulation of cell metabolism is controlled by the nutrient sensor adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which drives the balance between oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. Herein, we put forward a 51-node continuous mathematical model that describes the temporal evolution of the early events of activation, integrating a circuit of metabolic regulation into the main routes of signaling. The model simulates the induction of anergy due to defective co-stimulation, the CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade, and the differentiation to effector phenotypes induced by external cytokines. It also describes the adjustment of the OXPHOS-glycolysis equilibrium by the action of AMPK as the effector function of the T cell develops. The development of a transient phase of increased OXPHOS before induction of a sustained glycolytic phase during differentiation to the Th1, Th2 and Th17 phenotypes is shown. In contrast, during Treg differentiation, glycolysis is subsequently reduced as cell metabolism is predominantly polarized towards OXPHOS. These observations are in agreement with experimental data suggesting that OXPHOS produces an ATP reservoir before glycolysis boosts the production of metabolites needed for protein synthesis, cell function, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Villarreal
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonor Huerta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Kim G, Kim W, Lim S, Lee H, Koo J, Nam K, Kim S, Park S, Choi J. In Vivo Induction of Regulatory T Cells Via CTLA-4 Signaling Peptide to Control Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Prevent Disease Relapse. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004973. [PMID: 34306974 PMCID: PMC8292875 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells play a key role in immune tolerance to self-antigens, thereby preventing autoimmune diseases. However, no drugs targeting Treg cells have been approved for clinical trials yet. Here, a chimeric peptide is generated by conjugation of the cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4 (ctCTLA-4) with dNP2 for intracellular delivery, dNP2-ctCTLA-4, and evaluated Foxp3 expression during Th0, Th1, Treg, and Th17 differentiation dependent on TGF-β. The lysine motif of ctCTLA-4, not tyrosine motif, is required for Foxp3 expression for Treg induction and amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Transcriptome analysis reveals that dNP2-ctCTLA-4-treated T cells express Treg transcriptomic patterns with properties of suppressive functions. In addition, the molecular interaction between the lysine motif of ctCTLA-4 and PKC-η is critical for Foxp3 expression. Although both CTLA-4-Ig and dNP2-ctCTLA-4 treatment in vivo ameliorated EAE progression, only dNP2-ctCTLA-4 requires Treg cells for inhibition of disease progression and prevention of relapse. Furthermore, the CTLA-4 signaling peptide is able to induce human Tregs in vitro and in vivo as well as from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of multiple sclerosis patients. These results collectively suggest that the chimeric CTLA-4 signaling peptide can be used for successful induction of regulatory T cells in vivo to control autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil‐Ran Kim
- Department of Life ScienceCollege of Natural SciencesHanyang UniversityResearch institute for Natural SciencesHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Republic of Korea
| | - Won‐Ju Kim
- Department of Life ScienceCollege of Natural SciencesHanyang UniversityResearch institute for Natural SciencesHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lim
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research‐KNAW, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrecht3584 CTNetherland
| | - Hong‐Gyun Lee
- Department of Life ScienceCollege of Natural SciencesHanyang UniversityResearch institute for Natural SciencesHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Republic of Korea
| | - Ja‐Hyun Koo
- Department of Life ScienceCollege of Natural SciencesHanyang UniversityResearch institute for Natural SciencesHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Ho Nam
- Department of Life ScienceCollege of Natural SciencesHanyang UniversityResearch institute for Natural SciencesHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Min Kim
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoul National University HospitalSeoul03080Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Dong Park
- Department of Life ScienceCollege of Natural SciencesHanyang UniversityResearch institute for Natural SciencesHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Republic of Korea
| | - Je‐Min Choi
- Department of Life ScienceCollege of Natural SciencesHanyang UniversityResearch institute for Natural SciencesResearch Institute for Convergence of Basic SciencesHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Republic of Korea
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8
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Hosseini A, Gharibi T, Marofi F, Babaloo Z, Baradaran B. CTLA-4: From mechanism to autoimmune therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106221. [PMID: 32007707 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD28 and CTLA-4 are both important stimulatory receptors for the regulation of T cell activation. Because receptors share common ligands, B7.1 and B7.2, the expression and biological function of CTLA-4 is important for the negative regulation of T cell responses. Therefore, elimination of CTLA-4 can result in the breakdown of immune tolerance and the development of several diseases such as autoimmunity. Inhibitory signals of CTLA-4 suppress T cell responses and protect against autoimmune diseases in many ways. In this review, we summarize the structure, expression and signaling pathway of CTLA-4. We also highlight how CTLA-4 defends against potentially self-reactive T cells. Finally, we discuss how the CTLA-4 regulates a number of autoimmune diseases that indicate manipulation of this inhibitory molecule is a promise as a strategy for the immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Lim S, Kirkiles-Smith NC, Pober JS, Bothwell ALM, Choi JM. Regulation of human T cell responses by dNP2-ctCTLA-4 inhibits human skin and microvessel graft rejection. Biomaterials 2018; 183:128-138. [PMID: 30165256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of human T cell functioning by delivery of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, or protein is limited, unless the human T cells have been stimulated or electropermeabilized. To achieve successful adaptation and survival of a grafted organ, the alloreactive T cells that induce graft rejection must be regulated. Corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and mTOR inhibitors, which are systemic immunosuppressants, are currently used for transplantation, with significant side effects. In this study, we demonstrated that a cell-permeable peptide (CPP), dNP2, could efficiently deliver proteins into human CD4 and CD8 T cells. We confirmed regulatory functioning of the cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4 conjugated with dNP2 (dNP2-ctCTLA-4) in human T cell activation, proliferation, and chemokine receptor expression. We utilized a human skin allograft system in SCID/beige mice to examine whether dNP2-ctCTLA-4 could inhibit allograft rejection by controlling T cell responses. The grafted skin tissue inflammation, allogeneic T cell infiltration, and blood cytokine level was markedly reduced by dNP2-ctCTLA-4, resulting in successful transplantation. In addition, it also inhibited T cell alloresponses against microvessels formed form Bcl-2-transduced human umbilical vein endothelial cells implanted into Balb/c Rag1-/-/IL-2Rγ-/- double knockout (DKO) mice, assessed as reduced T cell infiltration and granzyme B expression. These results collectively suggest that dNP2 peptide conjugation offers a valuable tool for delivering macromolecules like proteins into human T cells, and dNP2-ctCTLA-4 is a novel agent that shows potential in controlling human T cell responses to allow successful adaptation of grafted tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Nancy C Kirkiles-Smith
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alfred L M Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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Koo JH, Yoon H, Kim WJ, Cha D, Choi JM. Cell-Penetrating Function of the Poly(ADP-Ribose) (PAR)-Binding Motif Derived from the PAR-Dependent E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Iduna. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518031 PMCID: PMC5877640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iduna is a poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR)-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates cellular responses such as proteasomal degradation and DNA repair upon interaction with its substrate. We identified a highly cationic region within the PAR-binding motif of Iduna; the region was similar among various species and showed amino acid sequence similarity with that of known cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). We hypothesized that this Iduna-derived cationic sequence-rich peptide (Iduna) could penetrate the cell membrane and deliver macromolecules into cells. To test this hypothesis, we generated recombinant Iduna-conjugated enhanced green fluorescent protein (Iduna-EGFP) and its tandem-repeat form (d-Iduna-EGFP). Both Iduna-EGFP and d-Iduna-EGFP efficiently penetrated Jurkat cells, with the fluorescence signals increasing dose- and time-dependently. Tandem-repeats of Iduna and other CPPs enhanced intracellular protein delivery efficiency. The delivery mechanism involves lipid-raft-mediated endocytosis following heparan sulfate interaction; d-Iduna-EGFP was localized in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm, and its residence time was much longer than that of other controls such as TAT and Hph-1. Moreover, following intravenous administration to C57/BL6 mice, d-Iduna-EGFP was efficiently taken up by various tissues, including the liver, spleen, and intestine suggesting that the cell-penetrating function of the human Iduna-derived peptide can be utilized for experimental and therapeutic delivery of macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Heeseok Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Donghun Cha
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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11
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Role of CD152 genetic polymorphisms in the susceptibility to breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26679-26686. [PMID: 28416762 PMCID: PMC5432289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polymorphisms in cluster of differentiation 152 (CD152) gene have been reported to be associated with breast cancer (BC), but relevant findings were far from conclusive. Therefore, we carried out this meta-analysis to combine those results for a clearer perspective on this issue. RESULTS In our meta-analysis, a total of 8 eligible publications of 19 case-control studies were selected, which totally contained 7,442 BC cases and 7,376 normal controls. Among the five polymorphisms of CD152 gene, +49 G/A, -1661 A/G and -318 C/T significantly increased the risk of BC under corresponding genetic comparisons; while CT60 G/A polymorphism was negatively related to the cancer susceptibility. In addition, -1772 T/C polymorphism of CD152 gene was not associated with the development of BC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online databases and other sources were searched for published studies on the relationship between BC susceptibility and CD152 polymorphisms (+49 G/A, -1661 A/G, -1722 T/C, -318 C/T and CT60 G/A). The strength of association was evaluated with pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Heterogeneity evaluation was conducted via Q test. Sensitivity analysis was used to detect the stability of our results. Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test were applied to investigate publication bias among selected studies. CONCLUSIONS The polymorphisms +49 G/A, -1661 A/G and -318 C/T may elevate the susceptibility to BC, but the polymorphism CT60 G/A may offer protection against the cancer.
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12
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Wang H, Ma JL, Yang YG, Song Y, Wu J, Qin YY, Zhao XL, Wang J, Zou LL, Wu JF, Li JM, Liu CB. Efficient therapeutic delivery by a novel cell-permeant peptide derived from KDM4A protein for antitumor and antifibrosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49075-49090. [PMID: 27081693 PMCID: PMC5226491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) based delivery have provided immense potential for the therapeutic applications, however, most of nonhuman originated CPPs carry the risk of possible cytotoxicity and immunogenicity, thus may restricting to be used. Here, we describe a novel human-derived CPP, denoted hPP10, and hPP10 has cell-penetrating properties evaluated by CellPPD web server, as well as In-Vitro and In-Vivo analysis. In vitro studies showed that hPP10-FITC was able to penetrate into various cells including primary cultured cells, likely through an endocytosis pathway. And functionalized macromolecules, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP), tumor-specific apoptosis inducer Apoptin as well as biological active enzyme GCLC (Glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit) can be delivered by hPP10 in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that hPP10 provide a novel and versatile tool to deliver exogenous proteins or drugs for clinical applications as well as reprogrammed cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jie-Lan Ma
- Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Ying-Gui Yang
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yang Song
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qin
- Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhao
- Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,The 1st People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Li-Li Zou
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jun-Ming Li
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,The 1st People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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13
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dNP2-ctCTLA-4 inhibits German cockroach extract-induced allergic airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness via inhibition of Th2 responses. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e362. [PMID: 28775364 PMCID: PMC5579505 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
German cockroaches are major household allergens that can trigger allergic airway inflammatory diseases with sensitive T-cell responses. Although the use of immune modulatory biologics, such as antibodies, to mediate allergic responses has recently been examined, only systemic administration is available because of the size limitations on intranasal administration. Here we utilized a cell-permeable peptide, dNP2, to deliver the cytoplasmic domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (ctCTLA-4) through the airway epithelium to modulate Th2 responses in a German cockroach extract (GCE)-induced allergic airway inflammation model. The intranasal delivery efficiency of the dNP2-dTomato protein to the lungs was higher in GCE-induced asthmatic lung parenchymal cells compared to the sham cells. Intranasal administration of the dNP2-ctCTLA-4 protein inhibited airway hyper-responsiveness and reduced airway inflammation and remodeling, including goblet cell metaplasia and collagen deposition around the bronchi. The number of infiltrated cells, including eosinophils, and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ in the lungs were significantly reduced, presumably owing to inhibition of Th2 differentiation. However, intranasal administration of CTLA4-Ig did not inhibit airway inflammation. These results collectively suggest that dNP2-ctCTLA-4 is an efficient intranasally applicable candidate biologic for treating allergic asthma.
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14
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Effect of polysaccharides from a Korean ginseng berry on the immunosenescence of aged mice. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:447-454. [PMID: 30337804 PMCID: PMC6187098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Korean ginseng has been widely evaluated to treat human diseases; however, most studies on Korean ginseng have focused on its root. In this study, polysaccharides [acidic-polysaccharide-linked glycopeptide (APGP) extracted with 90% ethanol and hot water] were prepared from Korean ginseng berries, and their effect on immunosenescence was explored. Methods The effect of APGP on thymic involution was evaluated by measuring the size of thymi dissected from aged mice. The effect of APGP on populations of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, age-correlated CD11c-positive B cells, and several subtypes of T cells [CD4-positive, CD8-positive, and regulatory (Treg) T cells] in the thymi and spleens of aged mice was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. Profiles of APGP components were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results APGP suppressed thymic involution by increasing the weight and areas of thymi in aged mice. APGP increased the population of NK cells, but showed no effect on the population of dendritic cells in the thymi and spleens of aged mice. APGP decreased the population of age-correlated CD11c-positive B cells in the spleens of aged mice. APGP showed no effect on the populations of CD4- and CD8-positive T cells in the thymi of aged mice, whereas it increased the population of Treg cells in the spleens of aged mice. APGP further decreased the reduced serum levels of IL-2 in aged mice, but serum levels of IL-6 were not statistically changed by APGP in aged mice. Finally, HPLC analysis showed that APGP had one major peak at 15 min (a main type of polysaccharide) and a long tail up to 35 min (a mixture of a variety of types of polysaccharides). Conclusion These results suggested that APGP exerted an anti-immunosenescent effect by suppressing thymic involution and modulating several types of immune cells.
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15
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Zhang W, Li F, Gao W. Tripterygium wilfordii Inhibiting Angiogenesis for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. J Natl Med Assoc 2017; 109:142-148. [PMID: 28599756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a serious pre-vascular inflammatory phase, followed by significant increase in vessel growth. Inhibition of angiogenesis is a novel therapeutic strategy against RA. The Chinese herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii, Hook. f. (TwHf) has been reported to be therapeutically efficacious in the treatment of RA. Recent studies have revealed that treatment with TwHf extracts inhibit angiogenesis of RA, thereby elaborately attenuation RA symptom. This review mainly addresses the anti-angiogenesis effect of TwHf in treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Fengtan Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China.
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16
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Abe S, Yamamoto K, Kurata M, Abe-Suzuki S, Horii R, Akiyama F, Kitagawa M. Targeting MCM2 function as a novel strategy for the treatment of highly malignant breast tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34892-909. [PMID: 26430873 PMCID: PMC4741497 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly malignant tumors express high levels of the minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) protein, which is associated with advanced tumor grade, advanced stage, and poor prognosis. In a previous study, we showed that Friend leukemia virus (FLV) envelope protein gp70 bound MCM2, impaired its nuclear translocation, and enhanced DNA-damage-induced apoptosis in FLV-infected hematopoietic cells when the cells expressed high levels of MCM2. Here, we show that MCM2 is highly expressed in clinical samples of invasive carcinoma of the breast, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and in cancer stem cell (CSC) marker-positive breast cancer cells. To generate a cancer therapy model using gp70, we introduced the gp70 protein into the cytoplasm of murine breast cancer cells that express high levels of MCM2 by conjugating the protein transduction domain (PTD) of Hph-1 to gp70 (Hph- 1-gp70). Hph-1-gp70 was successfully transduced into the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells. The transduced protein enhanced the DNA damage-induced apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, an MCM2-targeted strategy using Hph-1-gp70 treatment to induce DNA damage might be a successful therapy for highly malignant breast cancers such as TNBC and for the eradication of CSC-like cells from breast cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Abe
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morito Kurata
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Abe-Suzuki
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Horii
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Futoshi Akiyama
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Lim S, Lee JA, Koo JH, Kang TG, Ha SJ, Choi JM. Cell Type Preference of a Novel Human Derived Cell-Permeable Peptide dNP2 and TAT in Murine Splenic Immune Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155689. [PMID: 27186978 PMCID: PMC4871486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-permeable peptides (CPPs) have been widely studied as an attractive drug delivery system to deliver therapeutic macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and protein into cells. However, its clinical application is still limited and controversial due to the lack of a complete understanding of delivery efficiency in target cells. Previously we identified and characterized the novel and superior CPP, named dNP2, and here we comparatively analyzed intracellular delivery efficiency of dNP2 and TAT in various immune cells of mouse spleen to demonstrate their cell type preference. dNP2- or TAT-conjugated fluorescent proteins were most efficiently taken up by phagocytic cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages while little protein uptake was seen by lymphocytes including T cells, B cells, and NK cells. Interestingly CD8+ lymphoid dendritic cells and CD62LloCD44hi memory like T cell subsets showed significantly better uptake efficiency in vitro and in vivo relative to other dendritic cells or T cells, respectively. In addition, activated macrophages, T cells, and B cells took up the proteins more efficiently relative to when in the resting state. Importantly, only dNP2, not TAT, shows significant intracellular protein delivery efficiency in vivo. Collectively, this study provides important information regarding heterogeneous intracellular delivery efficiency of CPPs such as dNP2 and TAT with cell type preference in the spleen needed for its application in phagocytic cells or activated immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
| | - Jung-ah Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
| | - Tae Gun Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120–749, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120–749, Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133–791, Korea
- * E-mail:
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18
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Yu T, Rhee MH, Lee J, Kim SH, Yang Y, Kim HG, Kim Y, Kim C, Kwak YS, Kim JH, Cho JY. Ginsenoside Rc from Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Attenuates Inflammatory Symptoms of Gastritis, Hepatitis and Arthritis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:595-615. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an herbal medicine prescribed worldwide that is prepared from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae). Out of ginseng’s various components, ginsenosides are regarded as the major ingredients, exhibiting anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Although recent studies have focused on understanding the anti-inflammatory activities of KRG, compounds that are major anti-inflammatory components, precisely how these can suppress various inflammatory processes has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to identify inhibitory saponins, to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the saponins, and to understand the inhibitory mechanisms. To do this, we employed in vitro lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages and in vivo inflammatory mouse conditions, such as collagen (type II)-induced arthritis (CIA), EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-triggered hepatitis. Molecular mechanisms were also verified by real-time PCR, immunoblotting analysis, and reporter gene assays. Out of all the ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rc (G-Rc) showed the highest inhibitory activity against the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], and interferons (IFNs). Similarly, this compound attenuated inflammatory symptoms in CIA, EtOH/HCl-mediated gastritis, and LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-triggered hepatitis without altering toxicological parameters, and without inducing gastric irritation. These anti-inflammatory effects were accompanied by the suppression of TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-6 production and the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in mice with CIA. G-Rc also attenuated the increased levels of luciferase activity by IRF-3 and AP-1 but not NF-[Formula: see text]B. In support of this phenomenon, G-Rc reduced TBK1, IRF-3, and ATF2 phosphorylation in the joint and liver tissues of mice with hepatitis. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that G-Rc may be a major component of KRG with useful anti-inflammatory properties due to its suppression of IRF-3 and AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P. R. China
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P. R. China
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Seong Kwak
- Korean Ginseng Corporation, Central Research Institute, Daejeon 34337, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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19
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Lim S, Koo JH, Choi JM. Use of Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccination. Immune Netw 2016; 16:33-43. [PMID: 26937230 PMCID: PMC4770098 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short amino acids that have been widely used to deliver macromolecules such as proteins, peptides, DNA, or RNA, to control cellular behavior for therapeutic purposes. CPPs have been used to treat immunological diseases through the delivery of immune modulatory molecules in vivo. Their intracellular delivery efficiency is highly synergistic with the cellular characteristics of the dendritic cells (DCs), which actively uptake foreign antigens. DC-based vaccines are primarily generated by pulsing DCs ex vivo with various immunomodulatory antigens. CPP conjugation to antigens would increase DC uptake as well as antigen processing and presentation on both MHC class II and MHC class I molecules, leading to antigen specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses. CPP-antigen based DC vaccination is considered a promising tool for cancer immunotherapy due to the enhanced CTL response. In this review, we discuss the various applications of CPPs in immune modulation and DC vaccination, and highlight the advantages and limitations of the current CPP-based DC vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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20
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Yu T, Yang Y, Kwak YS, Song GG, Kim MY, Rhee MH, Cho JY. Ginsenoside Rc from Panax ginseng exerts anti-inflammatory activity by targeting TANK-binding kinase 1/interferon regulatory factor-3 and p38/ATF-2. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:127-133. [PMID: 28413316 PMCID: PMC5386129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rc (G-Rc) is one of the major protopanaxadiol-type saponins isolated from Panax ginseng, a well-known medicinal herb with many beneficial properties including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of G-Rc on inflammatory responses in vitro and examined the mechanisms of these effects. Methods The in vitro inflammation system used lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages, tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ-treated synovial cells, and HEK293 cells transfected with various inducers of inflammation. Results G-Rc significantly inhibited the expression of macrophage-derived cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. G-Rc also markedly suppressed the activation of TANK-binding kinase 1/IκB kinase ε/interferon regulatory factor-3 and p38/ATF-2 signaling in activated RAW264.7 macrophages, human synovial cells, and HEK293 cells. Conclusion G-Rc exerts its anti-inflammatory actions by suppressing TANK-binding kinase 1/IκB kinase ε/interferon regulatory factor-3 and p38/ATF-2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Seong Kwak
- Korean Ginseng Corporation, Central Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gwan Gyu Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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21
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Lim S, Kim WJ, Kim YH, Lee S, Koo JH, Lee JA, Yoon H, Kim DH, Park HJ, Kim HM, Lee HG, Yun Kim J, Lee JU, Hun Shin J, Kyun Kim L, Doh J, Kim H, Lee SK, Bothwell ALM, Suh M, Choi JM. dNP2 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable peptide enabling ctCTLA-4 protein delivery to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8244. [PMID: 26372309 PMCID: PMC4579786 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating effector T cells play critical roles in the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, current drugs for MS are very limited due to the difficulty of delivering drugs into the CNS. Here we identify a cell-permeable peptide, dNP2, which efficiently delivers proteins into mouse and human T cells, as well as various tissues. Moreover, it enters the brain tissue and resident cells through blood vessels by penetrating the tightly organized blood-brain barrier. The dNP2-conjugated cytoplasmic domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (dNP2-ctCTLA-4) negatively regulates activated T cells and shows inhibitory effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in both preventive and therapeutic mouse models, resulting in the reduction of demyelination and CNS-infiltrating T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells. Thus, this study demonstrates that dNP2 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable peptide and dNP2-ctCTLA-4 could be an effective agent for treating CNS inflammatory diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ho Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences &Technology (SAIHST), Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseok Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Jai Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Kim
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Alfred L M Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences &Technology (SAIHST), Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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22
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Hou TZ, Qureshi OS, Wang CJ, Baker J, Young SP, Walker LSK, Sansom DM. A transendocytosis model of CTLA-4 function predicts its suppressive behavior on regulatory T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2148-59. [PMID: 25632005 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway is at the heart of a number of immunomodulatory approaches used in both autoimmunity and cancer. Although it is clear that CTLA-4 is a critical regulator of T cell responses, the immunological contexts in which CTLA-4 controls immune responses are not well defined. In this study, we show that whereas CD80/CD86-dependent activation of resting human T cells caused extensive T cell proliferation and robust CTLA-4 expression, in this context CTLA-4 blocking Abs had no impact on the response. In contrast, in settings where CTLA-4(+) cells were present as "regulators," inhibition of resting T cell responses was dependent on CTLA-4 expression and specifically related to the number of APC. At low numbers of APC or low levels of ligand, CTLA-4-dependent suppression was highly effective whereas at higher APC numbers or high levels of ligand, inhibition was lost. Accordingly, the degree of suppression correlated with the level of CD86 expression remaining on the APC. These data reveal clear rules for the inhibitory function of CTLA-4 on regulatory T cells, which are predicted by its ability to remove ligands from APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Zheng Hou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Omar S Qureshi
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Chun Jing Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jennifer Baker
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Young
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - David M Sansom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
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RORγt-specific transcriptional interactomic inhibition suppresses autoimmunity associated with TH17 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18673-8. [PMID: 25527718 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1413687112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear hormone receptor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) is a transcription factor (TF) specific to TH17 cells that produce interleukin (IL)-17 and have been implicated in a wide range of autoimmunity. Here, we developed a novel therapeutic strategy to modulate the functions of RORγt using cell-transducible form of transcription modulation domain of RORγt (tRORγt-TMD), which can be delivered effectively into the nucleus of cells and into the central nerve system (CNS). tRORγt-TMD specifically inhibited TH17-related cytokines induced by RORγt, thereby suppressing the differentiation of naïve T cells into TH17, but not into TH1, TH2, or Treg cells. tRORγt-TMD injected into experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model can be delivered effectively in the splenic CD4(+) T cells and spinal cord-infiltrating CD4(+) T cells, and suppress the functions of TH17 cells. The clinical severity and incidence of EAE were ameliorated by tRORγt-TMD in preventive and therapeutic manner, and significant reduction of both infiltrating CD4(+) IL-17(+) T cells and inflammatory cells into the CNS was observed. As a result, the number of spinal cord demyelination was also reduced after tRORγt-TMD treatment. With the same proof of concept, tTbet-TMD specifically blocking TH1 differentiation improved the clinical incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, tRORγt-TMD and tTbet-TMD can be novel therapeutic reagents with the natural specificity for the treatment of inflammatory diseases associated with TH17 or TH1. This strategy can be applied to treat various diseases where a specific transcription factor has a key role in pathogenesis.
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24
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Kong YCM, Flynn JC. Opportunistic Autoimmune Disorders Potentiated by Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors Anti-CTLA-4 and Anti-PD-1. Front Immunol 2014; 5:206. [PMID: 24904570 PMCID: PMC4032988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer and autoimmune diseases, recent ongoing and completed clinical trials have focused on specific targets to redirect the immune network toward eradicating a variety of tumors and ameliorating the self-destructive process. In a previous review, both systemic immunomodulators and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), anti-CTLA-4, and anti-CD52, were discussed regarding therapeutics and autoimmune sequelae, as well as predisposing factors known to exacerbate immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This review will focus on immune-checkpoint inhibitors, and the data from most clinical trials involve blockade with anti-CTLA-4 such as ipilimumab. However, despite the mild to severe irAEs observed with ipilimumab in ~60% of patients, overall survival (OS) averaged ~22-25% at 3-5 years. To boost OS, other mAbs targeting programed death-1 and its ligand are undergoing clinical trials as monotherapy or dual therapy with anti-CTLA-4. Therapeutic combinations may generate different spectrum of opportunistic autoimmune disorders. To simulate clinical scenarios, we have applied regulatory T cell perturbation to murine models combined to examine the balance between thyroid autoimmunity and tumor-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chi M Kong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Jeffrey C Flynn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers , Southfield, MI , USA
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25
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Li H, Zheng X, Koren V, Vashist YK, Tsui TY. Highly efficient delivery of siRNA to a heart transplant model by a novel cell penetrating peptide-dsRNA binding domain. Int J Pharm 2014; 469:206-13. [PMID: 24768403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) delivery remains a bottleneck for RNA interference (RNAi) - based therapies in the clinic. In the present study, a fusion protein with two cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), Hph1-Hph1, and a double-stranded RNA binding domain (dsRBD), was constructed for the siRNA delivery: dsRBD was designed to bind siRNA, and CPP would subsequently transport the dsRBD/siRNA complex into cells. We assessed the efficiency of the fusion protein, Hph1-Hph1-dsRBD, as a siRNA carrier. Calcium-condensed effects were assessed on GAPDH and green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes by western blot, real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry analysis in vitro. Evaluations were also made in an in vivo heart transplantation model. The results demonstrated that the fusion protein, Hph1-Hph1-dsRBD, is highly efficient at delivering siRNA in vitro, and exhibits efficiency on GAPDH and GFP genes similar to or greater than lipofectamine. Interestingly, the calcium-condensed effects dramatically enhanced cellular uptake of the protein-siRNA complex. In vivo, Hph1-Hph1-dsRBD transferred and distributed ^ targeted siRNA throughout the whole mouse heart graft. Together, these results indicate that Hph1-Hph1-dsRBD has potential as an siRNA carrier for applications in the clinic or in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- The Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer, Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Zheng
- The Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Koren
- The Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yogesh Kumar Vashist
- The Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tung Yu Tsui
- The Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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26
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Li H, Tsui T. Six-cell penetrating peptide-based fusion proteins for siRNA delivery. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:436-43. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.881439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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27
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An S, Park JS. Nonviral Gene Delivery by a Novel Protein Transduction Domain. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.9.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Lukanowska M, Howl J, Jones S. Bioportides: Bioactive cell-penetrating peptides that modulate cellular dynamics. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:918-30. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Smida M, Cammann C, Gurbiel S, Kerstin N, Lingel H, Lindquist S, Simeoni L, Brunner-Weinzierl MC, Suchanek M, Schraven B, Lindquist JA. PAG/Cbp suppression reveals a contribution of CTLA-4 to setting the activation threshold in T cells. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:28. [PMID: 23601194 PMCID: PMC3763844 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PAG/Cbp represents a ubiquitous mechanism for regulating Src family kinases
by recruiting Csk to the plasma membrane, thereby controlling cellular
activation. Since Src kinases are known oncogenes, we used RNA interference
in primary human T cells to test whether the loss of PAG resulted in
lymphocyte transformation. Results PAG-depletion enhanced Src kinase activity and augmented proximal T-cell
receptor signaling; exactly the phenotype expected for loss of this negative
regulator. Surprisingly, rather than becoming hyper-proliferative,
PAG-suppressed T cells became unresponsive. This was mediated by a
Fyn-dependent hyper-phosphorylation of the inhibitory receptor CTLA-4, which
recruited the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp-1 to lipid rafts.
Co-suppression of CTLA-4 abrogates this inhibition and restores
proliferation to T cells. Conclusion We have identified a fail-safe mechanism as well as a novel contribution of
CTLA-4 to setting the activation threshold in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Smida
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.
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30
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Manes TD, Pober JS. TCR-driven transendothelial migration of human effector memory CD4 T cells involves Vav, Rac, and myosin IIA. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:3079-88. [PMID: 23420881 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human effector memory (EM) CD4 T cells may be recruited from the blood into a site of inflammation in response either to inflammatory chemokines displayed on or specific Ag presented by venular endothelial cells (ECs), designated as chemokine-driven or TCR-driven transendothelial migration (TEM), respectively. We have previously described differences in the morphological appearance of transmigrating T cells as well as in the molecules that mediate T cell-EC interactions distinguishing these two pathways. In this study, we report that TCR-driven TEM requires ZAP-70-dependent activation of a pathway involving Vav, Rac, and myosin IIA. Chemokine-driven TEM also uses ZAP-70, albeit in a quantitatively and spatially different manner of activation, and is independent of Vav, Rac, and mysosin IIA, depending instead on an as-yet unidentified GTP exchange factor that activates Cdc42. The differential use of small Rho family GTPases to activate the cytoskeleton is consistent with the morphological differences observed in T cells that undergo TEM in response to these distinct recruitment signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Manes
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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31
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Grosso JF, Jure-Kunkel MN. CTLA-4 blockade in tumor models: an overview of preclinical and translational research. CANCER IMMUNITY 2013; 13:5. [PMID: 23390376 PMCID: PMC3559193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a key negative regulator of T cell activation. A complex integration of positive and negative co-stimulatory signals in the well-defined B7:CD28/CTLA-4 pathway modulates the generation and maintenance of immune responses. Inhibiting negative regulation through binding of CTLA-4 has been shown to promote stimulation of adaptive immunity and potentiation of T cell activation. CTLA-4-blocking antibodies have demonstrated efficacy in various murine malignancy models when administered as monotherapy; additionally, they have shown synergistic anti-tumor activity when utilized with other agents, such as vaccines, chemotherapy, and radiation. Preclinical studies have supported the rationale for current clinical development of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, including ipilimumab and tremelimumab, as novel therapeutic strategies to augment anti-tumor immunity in cancer. Both ipilimumab and tremelimumab have been evaluated extensively in melanoma; notably, ipilimumab was recently approved as monotherapy for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Tremelimumab is currently undergoing evaluation in phase II trials as monotherapy in melanoma and malignant mesothelioma, while ipilimumab is under clinical investigation in phase II and III trials in various tumor types, including in melanoma, prostate, and lung cancers as monotherapy and with other therapeutic modalities, such as chemotherapy and radiation. In this review, we will provide a detailed overview of preclinical advances that have delineated many features of CTLA-4 and have helped define its role in T cell response. We will also highlight clinical application of anti-CTLA-4 therapy in cancer and describe knowledge gaps that future studies may address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Grosso
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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32
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Lim S, Kim WJ, Kim YH, Choi JM. Identification of a novel cell-penetrating peptide from human phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN3. Mol Cells 2012; 34:577-82. [PMID: 23263658 PMCID: PMC3887828 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules such as proteins, DNA, and RNA are macromolecules and can not cross the cell membrane. However, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) has been shown to deliver therapeutic biomolecules successfully into cells. The various and widely used CPPs including TAT, VP22, and Antp are mostly non-human originated CPPs, and are limited by their potential toxicity and immunogenicity. We report here on a newly identified novel cell-penetrating sequence (LPIN; RRKRRRRRK) from the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of human nuclear phosphatase, LPIN3. LPIN-EGFP recombinant protein was concentration- and time-dependently delivered into cells and localized to the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm. It penetrated the cell membrane by lipid raft-mediated endocytosis by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan. LPIN-EGFP was successfully delivered into primary mouse splenocytes in vitro and it could be delivered into various tissues including liver, kidney, and intestine in mice after intra-peritoneal injection. This research suggests that LPIN-CPP could be used in a drug delivery system to deliver therapeutic biomolecules including peptides, proteins, DNA, and RNA and without the limitations of non-human originated CPPs such as TAT-CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791,
Korea
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791,
Korea
| | - Won-ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791,
Korea
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791,
Korea
| | - Yeon-ho Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791,
Korea
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791,
Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791,
Korea
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791,
Korea
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33
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Walker LSK, Sansom DM. The emerging role of CTLA4 as a cell-extrinsic regulator of T cell responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:852-63. [PMID: 22116087 DOI: 10.1038/nri3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The T cell protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) was identified as a crucial negative regulator of the immune system over 15 years ago, but its mechanisms of action are still under debate. It has long been suggested that CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to the cells that express it. However, not all the available data fit with a cell-intrinsic function for CTLA4, and other studies have suggested that CTLA4 functions in a T cell-extrinsic manner. Here, we discuss the data for and against the T cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic functions of CTLA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy S K Walker
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK.
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34
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Kim JD, Lee EA, Quang NN, Cho HR, Kwon B. Recombinant TAT-CD137 Ligand Cytoplasmic Domain Fusion Protein Induces the Production of IL-6 and TNF-α in Peritoneal Macrophages. Immune Netw 2011; 11:216-22. [PMID: 22039370 PMCID: PMC3202621 DOI: 10.4110/in.2011.11.4.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ligand for CD137 (CD137L; also called 4-1BBL) is mainly expressed on activated APCs such as dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages. Even though CD137L functions as a trigger of the CD137 signaling pathway for T cell activation and expansion, engagement of CD137L can deliver a signal leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Methods We generated cell-permeable TAT-CD137L cytoplasmic domain fusion protein (TAT-CD137Lct) and examined its ability to initiate the CD137L reverse signaling pathway. Results Treatment of TAT-CD137Lct induced the production of high levels of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNAs and proteins in peritoneal macrophages. TAT-CD137Lct increased phosphorylation of Erk, p38 MAPK and Jnk, and activated transcription factors C/EBP and CREB. However, TAT-CD137Lct did not visibly affect the degradation of the inhibitor of NF-kB (IkBα). We further demonstrated that JNK activation was required for TAT-CD137Lct-induced production of TNF-α, while activation of Erk and p38 MAPK were involved in IL-6 and TNF-α production. Conclusion Our results suggest that TAT-CD137Lct is an effective activator for the CD137L reverse signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Dae Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
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35
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June CH, Blazar BR, Riley JL. Engineering lymphocyte subsets: tools, trials and tribulations. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:704-16. [PMID: 19859065 DOI: 10.1038/nri2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies with various lymphocyte subsets hold promise for the treatment of several diseases, including cancer and disease resulting from inflammation and infection. The ability to genetically engineer lymphocyte subsets has the potential to improve the natural immune response and correct impaired immunity. In this Review we focus on the lymphocyte subsets that have been modified genetically or by other means for therapeutic benefit, on the technologies used to engineer lymphocytes and on the latest progress and hurdles in translating these technologies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl H June
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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36
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Kim KD, Choi JM, Chae WJ, Lee SK. Synergistic inhibition of T-cell activation by a cell-permeable ZAP-70 mutant and ctCTLA-4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 381:355-60. [PMID: 19230824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T-cell activation requires TcR-mediated and co-stimulatory signals. ZAP-70 participates in the initial step of TcR signal transduction, while a co-receptor, CTLA-4, inhibits T-cell activation. In previous studies, the overexpression of a ZAP-70 mutant (ZAP-70-Y319F) inhibited the TcR-induced activation of NFAT and IL-2 production, while Hph-1-ctCTLA-4 prevented allergic inflammation. To develop an effective immunosuppressive protein drug that blocks both TcR-mediated and co-stimulatory signaling pathways, a fusion protein of ZAP-70-Y319F and the Hph-1 protein transduction domain was generated. Hph-1-ZAP-70-Y319F inhibited the phosphorylation of ZAP-70-Tyr319, LAT-Tyr191, and p44/42 MAPK induced by TcR stimulation, NFAT- and AP-1-mediated gene transcription, and the induction of CD69 expression and IL-2 secretion. Hph-1-ZAP-70-Y319F and Hph-1-ctCTLA-4 synergistically inhibited signaling events during T-cell activation. This is the first report to demonstrate the synergistic inhibition of signals transmitted via TcR and its co-stimulatory receptor by cell-permeable forms of intracellular signal mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun-Do Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Shinchon-Dong 134, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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