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Bhullar M, Bai Z, Akinpelu A, Yao Y. Phase Transition in Silicon from Machine Learning Informed Metadynamics. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400090. [PMID: 38649321 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Investigating reconstructive phase transitions in large-sized systems requires a highly efficient computational framework with computational cost proportional to the system size. Traditionally, widely used frameworks such as density functional theory (DFT) have been prohibitively expensive for extensive simulations on large systems that require long-time scales. To address this challenge, this study employed well-trained machine learning potential to simulate phase transitions in a large-size system. This work integrates the metadynamics simulation approach with machine learning potential, specifically deep potential, to enhance computational efficiency and accelerate the study of phase transition and consequent development of grains and dislocation defects in a system. The new method is demonstrated using the phase transitions of bulk silicon under high pressure. This approach has revealed the transition path and formation of polycrystalline silicon systems under specific stress conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of deep potential-driven metadynamics simulations in gaining insights into complex material behaviors in large-sized systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangladeep Bhullar
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Zihao Bai
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Akinwumi Akinpelu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Yansun Yao
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
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2
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Li C, Liu K, Jiang D, Yan H, Chen E, Ma Y, Cheng H, Wen T, Yue B, Wang Y. Pressure-Driven Polymorphic Transition, Emergent Insulator-To-Metal Transition, and Photoconductivity Switching in Violet Phosphorus. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306758. [PMID: 37852946 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphic phase transition is an essential phenomenon in condensed matter that the physical properties of materials may undergo significant changes due to the structural transformation. Phase transition has thus become an important means and dimension for regulating material properties. Herein, this study demonstrates the pressure-induced multi-transition of both structure and physical properties in violet phosphorus, a novel phosphorus allotrope. Under compression, violet phosphorus undergoes sequential polymorphic phase transitions. Concomitant with the first phase transition, violet phosphorus exhibits emergent insulator-metal transition, superconductivity, and dramatic switching from positive to negative photoconductivity. Remarkably, the resistance of violet phosphorus shows a sudden drop of around 107 along with the phase transition. In addition, piezochromism from translucent red to opaque black and suppression of photoluminescence are observed upon compression. Of particular interest is that the sample irreversibly transforms into black phosphorus with a pronounced discrepancy in physical properties from the pristine violet phosphorus after decompression. The abundant polymorphic transitions and property changes in violet phosphorus have significant implications for designing novel pressure-responsive electronic/optoelectronic devices and exploring concealed polymorphic transition materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dequan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huacai Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - En Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haoming Cheng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ting Wen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Binbin Yue
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing, 100193, China
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Santos-Florez PA, Yanxon H, Kang B, Yao Y, Zhu Q. Size-Dependent Nucleation in Crystal Phase Transition from Machine Learning Metadynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:185701. [PMID: 36374681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.185701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present a framework that combines machine learning potential (MLP) and metadynamics to investigate solid-solid phase transition. Based on the spectral descriptors and neural networks regression, we develop a scalable MLP model to warrant an accurate interpolation of the energy surface where two phases coexist. Applying it to the simulation of B4-B1 phase transition of GaN under 50 GPa with different model sizes, we observe sequential change of the phase transition mechanism from collective modes to nucleation and growths. When the size is at or below 128 000 atoms, the nucleation and growth appear to follow a preferred direction. At larger sizes, the nuclei occur at multiple sites simultaneously and grow to microstructures by passing the critical size. The observed change of the atomistic mechanism manifests the importance of statistical sampling with large system size in phase transition modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Santos-Florez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Howard Yanxon
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Byungkyun Kang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Yansun Yao
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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Yao Y. Theoretical methods for structural phase transitions in elemental solids at extreme conditions: statics and dynamics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:363001. [PMID: 35724660 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7a82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, theoretical studies have moved from a traditionally supporting role to a more proactive role in the research of phase transitions at high pressures. In many cases, theoretical prediction leads the experimental exploration. This is largely owing to the rapid progress of computer power and theoretical methods, particularly the structure prediction methods tailored for high-pressure applications. This review introduces commonly used structure searching techniques based on static and dynamic approaches, their applicability in studying phase transitions at high pressure, and new developments made toward predicting complex crystalline phases. Successful landmark studies for each method are discussed, with an emphasis on elemental solids and their behaviors under high pressure. The review concludes with a perspective on outstanding challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansun Yao
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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5
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Badin M, Martoňák R. Nucleating a Different Coordination in a Crystal under Pressure: A Study of the B1-B2 Transition in NaCl by Metadynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:105701. [PMID: 34533357 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose an NPT metadynamics simulation scheme for pressure-induced structural phase transitions, using coordination number and volume as collective variables, and apply it to the reconstructive structural transformation B1-B2 in NaCl. By studying systems with size up to 64 000 atoms we reach a regime beyond collective mechanism and observe transformations proceeding via nucleation and growth. We also reveal the crossover of the transition mechanism from Buerger-like for smaller systems to Watanabe-Tolédano for larger ones. The scheme is likely to be applicable to a broader class of pressure-induced structural transitions, allowing study of complex nucleation effects and bringing simulations closer to realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Badin
- SISSA - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina F2, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Martoňák
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina F2, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Moog M, Pietrucci F, Saitta AM. Carbon Dioxide under Earth Mantle Conditions: From a Molecular Liquid through a Reactive Fluid to Polymeric Regimes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5863-5869. [PMID: 34228460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In both its gaseous and condensed forms, carbon dioxide has an ever-increasing impact on Earth's chemistry and human life and activities. However, many aspects of its high-pressure phase diagram remain unclear. In this work, we present a complete structural characterization of carbon dioxide fluids under geological conditions using extensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations throughout a wide pressure and temperature range, corresponding to Earth's lower mantle. We identify and describe four different disordered regimes, including two polymeric forms and two molecular ones, all within the geothermal conditions of the lower mantle. At pressures below 40 GPa, we find that the molecular liquid becomes very reactive above 2000 K: the C-O double bond routinely breaks, resulting in small and transient chains composed of CO2 units and frequently leading to an exchange of oxygen atoms between molecules. At higher pressures, in addition to the polymeric fluid previously reported at 3000 K, we find a polymeric system with glass-like behavior at lower temperatures, suggesting a complex interplay between kinetics and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Moog
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Fabio Pietrucci
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, 75252 Paris, France
| | - A Marco Saitta
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, 75252 Paris, France
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7
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Chen AA, Do A, Pascal TA. The phase diagram of carbon dioxide from correlation functions and a many-body potential. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:024503. [PMID: 34266271 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase stability and equilibria of carbon dioxide are investigated from 125-325 K and 1-10 000 atm using extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the Two-Phase Thermodynamics (2PT) method. We devise a direct approach for calculating phase diagrams, in general, by considering the separate chemical potentials of the isolated phase at specific points on the P-T diagram. The unique ability of 2PT to accurately and efficiently approximate the entropy and Gibbs energy of liquids allows for assignment of phase boundaries from relatively short (∼100 ps) MD simulations. We validate our approach by calculating the critical properties of the flexible elementary physical model 2, showing good agreement with previous results. We show, however, that the incorrect description of the short-range Pauli force and the lack of molecular charge polarization lead to deviations from experiments at high pressures. We, thus, develop a many-body, fluctuating charge model for CO2, termed CO2-Fq, from high level quantum mechanics (QM) calculations that accurately capture the condensed phase vibrational properties of the solid (including the Fermi resonance at 1378 cm-1) as well as the diffusional properties of the liquid, leading to overall excellent agreement with experiments over the entire phase diagram. This work provides an efficient computational approach for determining phase diagrams of arbitrary systems and underscores the critical role of QM charge reorganization physics in molecular phase stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92023, USA
| | - Alexandria Do
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92023, USA
| | - Tod A Pascal
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92023, USA
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Stolte N, Yu J, Chen Z, Sverjensky DA, Pan D. Water-Gas Shift Reaction Produces Formate at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures in Deep Earth Fluids. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4292-4298. [PMID: 33928781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The water-gas shift reaction is one of the most important reactions in industrial hydrogen production and plays a key role in Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis, which is widely believed to generate hydrocarbons in the deep carbon cycle but is little known at extreme pressure-temperature conditions found in the Earth's upper mantle. Here, we performed extensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to study the water-gas shift reaction. We found the direct formation of formic acid from CO and supercritical water at 10-13 GPa and 1400 K without any catalyst. Contrary to the common assumption that formic acid or formate is an intermediate product, we found that HCOOH is thermodynamically more stable than the products of the water-gas shift reaction above 3 GPa and at 1000-1400 K. Our study suggests that the water-gas shift reaction may not happen in the Earth's upper mantle, and formic acid or formate may be an important carbon carrier in reducing environments, participating in many geochemical processes in deep Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nore Stolte
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junting Yu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dimitri A Sverjensky
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ding Pan
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, No. 2 Huan Shi Da Dao Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou City, 511458, China
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9
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Wu CJ, Young DA, Sterne PA, Myint PC. Equation of state for a chemically dissociative, polyatomic system: Carbon dioxide. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224505. [PMID: 31837667 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A notorious challenge in high-pressure science is to develop an equation of state (EOS) that explicitly treats chemical reactions. For instance, many materials tend to dissociate at high pressures and temperatures where the chemical bonds that hold them together break down. We present an EOS for carbon dioxide (CO2) that allows for dissociation and captures the key material behavior in a wide range of pressure-temperature conditions. Carbon dioxide is an ideal prototype for the development of a wide-ranging EOS that allows for chemical-dissociation equilibria since it is one of the simplest polyatomic systems and because it is of great interest in planetary science and in the study of detonations. Here, we show that taking dissociation into account significantly improves the accuracy of the resulting EOS compared to other EOSs that either neglect chemistry completely or treat CO2 dissociation in a more rudimentary way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Wu
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - David A Young
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Philip A Sterne
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Philip C Myint
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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11
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Bai J, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Two-dimensional dry ices with rich polymorphic and polyamorphic phase behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10263-10268. [PMID: 30249649 PMCID: PMC6187129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809198115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are triatomic molecules that are ubiquitous in nature, and both are among the five most abundant gases in the Earth's atmosphere. At low temperature and ambient pressure, both CO2 and H2O form molecular crystals--dry ice I and ice I h Because water possesses distinctive hydrogen bonds, it exhibits intricate and highly pressure-dependent phase behavior, including at least 17 crystalline ice phases and three amorphous ice phases. In contrast, due to its weak van der Waals intermolecular interactions, CO2 exhibits fewer crystalline phases except at extremely high pressures, where nonmolecular ordered structures arise. Herein, we show the molecular dynamics simulation results of numerous 2D polymorphs of CO2 molecules in slit nanopores. Unlike bulk polymorphs of CO2, 2D CO2 polymorphs exhibit myriad crystalline and amorphous structures, showing remarkable polymorphism and polyamorphism. We also show that depending on the thermodynamic path, 2D solid-to-solid phase transitions can give rise to previously unreported structures, e.g., wave-like amorphous CO2 structures. Our simulation also suggests intriguing structural connections between 2D and 3D dry ice phases (e.g., Cmca and PA-3) and offers insights into CO2 polyamorphic transitions through intermediate liquid or amorphous phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeil Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588;
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588;
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
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Huang B, Frapper G. Pressure-Induced Polymerization of CO2 in Lithium–Carbon Dioxide Phases. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:413-422. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Huang
- IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers - CNRS, 4
rue Michel Brunet TSA 51106, Poitiers 86073 CEDEX 9, France
| | - Gilles Frapper
- IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers - CNRS, 4
rue Michel Brunet TSA 51106, Poitiers 86073 CEDEX 9, France
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13
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Steele BA, Oleynik II. Ternary Inorganic Compounds Containing Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen at High Pressures. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13321-13328. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brad A. Steele
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Ivan I. Oleynik
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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14
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Plašienka D, Martoňák R, Tosatti E. Creating new layered structures at high pressures: SiS 2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37694. [PMID: 27886243 PMCID: PMC5123579 DOI: 10.1038/srep37694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Old and novel layered structures are attracting increasing attention for their physical, electronic, and frictional properties. SiS2, isoelectronic to SiO2, CO2 and CS2, is a material whose phases known experimentally up to 6 GPa exhibit 1D chain-like, 2D layered and 3D tetrahedral structures. We present highly predictive ab initio calculations combined with evolutionary structure search and molecular dynamics simulations of the structural and electronic evolution of SiS2 up to 100 GPa. A highly stable CdI2-type layered structure, which is octahedrally coordinated with space group surprisingly appears between 4 and up to at least 100 GPa. The tetrahedral-octahedral switch is naturally expected upon compression, unlike the layered character realized here by edge-sharing SiS6 octahedral units connecting within but not among sheets. The predicted phase is semiconducting with an indirect band gap of about 2 eV at 10 GPa, decreasing under pressure until metallization around 40 GPa. The robustness of the layered phase suggests possible recovery at ambient pressure, where calculated phonon spectra indicate dynamical stability. Even a single monolayer is found to be dynamically stable in isolation, suggesting that it could possibly be sheared or exfoliated from bulk -SiS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Plašienka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina F2, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Martoňák
- Department of Experimental Physics, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina F2, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Erio Tosatti
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) and CNR-IOM Democritos, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.,The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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15
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Abstract
Structural polymorphism in dense carbon dioxide (CO2) has attracted significant attention in high-pressure physics and chemistry for the past two decades. Here, we have performed high-pressure experiments and first-principles theoretical calculations to investigate the stability, structure, and dynamical properties of dense CO2 We found evidence that CO2-V with the 4-coordinated extended structure can be quenched to ambient pressure below 200 K-the melting temperature of CO2-I. CO2-V is a fully coordinated structure formed from a molecular solid at high pressure and recovered at ambient pressure. Apart from confirming the metastability of CO2-V (I-42d) at ambient pressure at low temperature, results of ab initio molecular dynamics and metadynamics (MD) simulations provided insights into the transformation processes and structural relationship from the molecular to the extended phases. In addition, the simulation also predicted a phase V'(Pna21) in the stability region of CO2-V with a diffraction pattern similar to that previously assigned to the CO2-V (P212121) structure. Both CO2-V and -V' are predicted to be recoverable and hard with a Vicker hardness of ∼20 GPa. Significantly, MD simulations found that the CO2 in phase IV exhibits large-amplitude bending motions at finite temperatures and high pressures. This finding helps to explain the discrepancy between earlier predicted static structures and experiments. MD simulations clearly indicate temperature effects are critical to understanding the high-pressure behaviors of dense CO2 structures-highlighting the significance of chemical kinetics associated with the transformations.
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16
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Pressure-induced Transformations of Dense Carbonyl Sulfide to Singly Bonded Amorphous Metallic Solid. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31594. [PMID: 27527241 PMCID: PMC4985701 DOI: 10.1038/srep31594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of pressure, internal or external, transforms molecular solids into non-molecular extended network solids with diverse crystal structures and electronic properties. These transformations can be understood in terms of pressure-induced electron delocalization; however, the governing mechanisms are complex because of strong lattice strains, phase metastability and path dependent phase behaviors. Here, we present the pressure-induced transformations of linear OCS (R3m, Phase I) to bent OCS (Cm, Phase II) at 9 GPa; an amorphous, one-dimensional (1D) polymer at 20 GPa (Phase III); and an extended 3D network above ~35 GPa (Phase IV) that metallizes at ~105 GPa. These results underscore the significance of long-range dipole interactions in dense OCS, leading to an extended molecular alloy that can be considered a chemical intermediate of its two end members, CO2 and CS2.
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Duan Y, Qin L, Liu H. Different evolutionary pathways from B4 to B1 phase in AlN and InN: metadynamics investigations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:205403. [PMID: 27120439 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/20/205403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-induced B4-B1 phase transitions of AlN and InN at ambient temperature are systematically investigated using density functional-based metadynamics simulations. A homogeneous deformation path, which is energetically favorable, is through a hexagonal structure for AlN, and through a tetragonal structure for InN. Furthermore, the dynamical stability, instead of the mechanical stability, is crucial to determining the phase-transition paths: the intermediate hexagonal structure can remain stable, whereas the tetragonal structure is always unstable. The B4 phase always shows the direct band gap before the occurrence of structure transition, while the band gap of stable intermediate hexagonal phase is indirect for AlN. Finally, the band gap of the ultimate cubic phase is direct for AlN and indirect for InN, due to the strong p-d repulsion at the R point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Duan
- Department of Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zurek E. Discovering New Materials via A PrioriCrystal Structure Prediction. REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119148739.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Abstract
Interest in molecular crystals has grown thanks to their relevance to pharmaceuticals, organic semiconductor materials, foods, and many other applications. Electronic structure methods have become an increasingly important tool for modeling molecular crystals and polymorphism. This article reviews electronic structure techniques used to model molecular crystals, including periodic density functional theory, periodic second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory, fragment-based electronic structure methods, and diffusion Monte Carlo. It also discusses the use of these models for predicting a variety of crystal properties that are relevant to the study of polymorphism, including lattice energies, structures, crystal structure prediction, polymorphism, phase diagrams, vibrational spectroscopies, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, tools for analyzing crystal structures and intermolecular interactions are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J O Beran
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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20
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Zhang XJ, Liu ZP. Variable-Cell Double-Ended Surface Walking Method for Fast Transition State Location of Solid Phase Transitions. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:4885-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational
Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational
Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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21
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Heit YN, Nanda KD, Beran GJO. Predicting finite-temperature properties of crystalline carbon dioxide from first principles with quantitative accuracy. Chem Sci 2015; 7:246-255. [PMID: 29861980 PMCID: PMC5952317 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03014e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature-dependence of the crystalline carbon dioxide (phase I) structure, thermodynamics, and mechanical properties are predicted in excellent agreement with experiment over a 200 K temperature range using high-level electronic structure calculations.
Molecular crystal structures, thermodynamics, and mechanical properties can vary substantially with temperature, and predicting these temperature-dependencies correctly is important for many practical applications in the pharmaceutical industry and other fields. However, most electronic structure predictions of molecular crystal properties neglect temperature and/or thermal expansion, leading to potentially erroneous results. Here, we demonstrate that by combining large basis set second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2) or even coupled cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) electronic structure calculations with a quasiharmonic treatment of thermal expansion, experimentally observable properties such as the unit cell volume, heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy, sublimation point and bulk modulus of phase I crystalline carbon dioxide can be predicted in excellent agreement with experiment over a broad range of temperatures. These results point toward a promising future for ab initio prediction of molecular crystal properties at real-world temperatures and pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonaton N Heit
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , USA . ; Tel: +1-951-827-7869
| | - Kaushik D Nanda
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , USA . ; Tel: +1-951-827-7869
| | - Gregory J O Beran
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , USA . ; Tel: +1-951-827-7869
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22
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Li Y, Hao J, Liu H, Lu S, Tse JS. High-Energy Density and Superhard Nitrogen-Rich B-N Compounds. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:105502. [PMID: 26382684 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.105502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The pressure-induced transformation of diatomic nitrogen into nonmolecular polymeric phases may produce potentially useful high-energy-density materials. We combine first-principles calculations with structure searching to predict a new class of nitrogen-rich boron nitrides with a stoichiometry of B(3)N(5) that are stable or metastable relative to solid N(2) and h-BN at ambient pressure. The most stable phase at ambient pressure has a layered structure (h-B(3)N(5)) containing hexagonal B(3)N(3) layers sandwiched with intercalated freely rotating N(2) molecules. At 15 GPa, a three-dimensional C222(1) structure with single N-N bonds becomes the most stable. This pressure is much lower than that required for triple-to-single bond transformation in pure solid nitrogen (110 GPa). More importantly, C222(1)-B(3)N(5) is metastable, and can be recovered under ambient conditions. Its energy density of ∼3.44 kJ/g makes it a potential high-energy-density material. In addition, stress-strain calculations estimate a Vicker's hardness of ∼44 GPa. Structure searching reveals a new clathrate sodalitelike BN structure that is metastable under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinwei Li
- Laboratory for Quantum Design of Functional Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, S7N 5E2
| | - Jian Hao
- Laboratory for Quantum Design of Functional Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, S7N 5E2
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington D.C. 20015, USA
| | - Siyu Lu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, S7N 5E2
| | - John S Tse
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, S7N 5E2
- State Laboratory for Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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23
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Wang H, Eremets MI, Troyan I, Liu H, Ma Y, Vereecken L. Nitrogen Backbone Oligomers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13239. [PMID: 26286836 PMCID: PMC4541254 DOI: 10.1038/srep13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that nitrogen and hydrogen directly react at room temperature and pressures of ~35 GPa forming chains of single-bonded nitrogen atom with the rest of the bonds terminated with hydrogen atoms - as identified by IR absorption, Raman, X-ray diffraction experiments and theoretical calculations. At releasing pressures below ~10 GPa, the product transforms into hydrazine. Our findings might open a way for the practical synthesis of these extremely high energetic materials as the formation of nitrogen-hydrogen compounds is favorable already at pressures above 2 GPa according to the calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Biogeochemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Mikhail I. Eremets
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Biogeochemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivan Troyan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Biogeochemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Hanyu Liu
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Luc Vereecken
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Biogeochemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Crystal structure prediction at high pressures unbiased by any prior known structure information has recently become a topic of considerable interest. We here present a short overview of recently developed structure prediction methods and propose current challenges for crystal structure prediction. We focus on first-principles crystal structure prediction at high pressures, paying particular attention to novel high pressure structures uncovered by efficient structure prediction methods. Finally, a brief perspective on the outstanding issues that remain to be solved and some directions for future structure prediction researches at high pressure are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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25
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Zurek E, Grochala W. Predicting crystal structures and properties of matter under extreme conditions via quantum mechanics: the pressure is on. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:2917-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04445b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of quantum mechanical calculations in understanding and predicting the behavior of matter at extreme pressures is discussed in this feature contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry
- State University of New York at Buffalo
- Buffalo
- USA
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26
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Zhu C, Bi H, Zhang S, Wei S, Li Q. Exploring the metallic phase of N2O under high pressure. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14154k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the CALYPSO method, we proposed a new metallic structure of N2O under high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Haixin Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shoutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shubo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
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27
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Li B, Huang G, Sun J, Xing Z. Novel structural phases and superconductivity of iridium telluride under high pressures. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6433. [PMID: 25242541 PMCID: PMC4170196 DOI: 10.1038/srep06433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal selenide and telluride have recently receive considerable attention due to their possible structural relation to ferropnictide. Pressure is often used as an efficient way to modify the crystal or electronic structure that in many cases lead to new material states of interest. Here we search the structures of IrTe2 up to 150 GPa using crystal structure prediction techniques combining with ab initio calculations. Three new stable phases under high pressures are predicted, and their electronic structure properties, phonon spectra, and electron-phonon couplings are also investigated. Significant reconstructions of band structures and Fermi surfaces are found in these new phases. Calculated results show that while the C2/m-2 phase has bad metal behavior and very weak electron-phonon coupling, the and I4/mmm phases have relatively higher electron-phonon coupling up to ~ 1.5 and 0.7, respectively. The variable-composition searching have been performed, newly compounds with different stoichiometries, such as IrTe3, IrTe, and Ir3Te, are predicted to be thermodynamically and dynamically stable at high pressures. The pressure range investigated here is accessible in the diamond anvil cell experiments, thus our results might stimulate further experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- 1] College of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China [2] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China [3] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guiqin Huang
- 1] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China [2] Department of Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Sun
- 1] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhongwen Xing
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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28
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Dama JF, Parrinello M, Voth GA. Well-tempered metadynamics converges asymptotically. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:240602. [PMID: 24996077 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.240602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Metadynamics is a versatile and capable enhanced sampling method for the computational study of soft matter materials and biomolecular systems. However, over a decade of application and several attempts to give this adaptive umbrella sampling method a firm theoretical grounding prove that a rigorous convergence analysis is elusive. This Letter describes such an analysis, demonstrating that well-tempered metadynamics converges to the final state it was designed to reach and, therefore, that the simple formulas currently used to interpret the final converged state of tempered metadynamics are correct and exact. The results do not rely on any assumption that the collective variable dynamics are effectively Brownian or any idealizations of the hill deposition function; instead, they suggest new, more permissive criteria for the method to be well behaved. The results apply to tempered metadynamics with or without adaptive Gaussians or boundary corrections and whether the bias is stored approximately on a grid or exactly.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Dama
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Michele Parrinello
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, and Facoltà di Informatica, Istituto di Scienze Computazionali, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via G. Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gregory A Voth
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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29
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Abe H, Takekiyo T, Hatano N, Shigemi M, Hamaya N, Yoshimura Y. Pressure-Induced Frustration–Frustration Process in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate, a Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:1138-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp409924h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nozomu Hamaya
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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30
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Gohr S, Grimme S, Söhnel T, Paulus B, Schwerdtfeger P. Pressure dependent stability and structure of carbon dioxide—A density functional study including long-range corrections. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:174501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4826929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Sun J, Martinez-Canales M, Klug DD, Pickard CJ, Needs RJ. Stable all-nitrogen metallic salt at terapascal pressures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:175502. [PMID: 24206503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.175502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The phase diagram and equation of state of dense nitrogen are of interest in understanding the fundamental physics and chemistry under extreme conditions, including planetary processes, and in discovering new materials. We predict several stable phases of nitrogen at multi-TPa pressures, including a P4/nbm structure consisting of partially charged N(2)(δ+) pairs and N(5)(δ-) tetrahedra, which is stable in the range 2.5-6.8 TPa. This is followed by a modulated layered structure between 6.8 and 12.6 TPa, which also exhibits a significant charge transfer. The P4/nbm metallic nitrogen salt and the modulated structure are stable at high pressures and temperatures, and they exhibit strongly ionic features and charge density distortions, which is unexpected in an element under such extreme conditions and could represent a new class of nitrogen materials. The P-T phase diagram of nitrogen at TPa pressures is investigated using quasiharmonic phonon calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China and Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany and Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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32
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Ilott AJ, Palucha S, Hodgkinson P, Wilson MR. Well-tempered metadynamics as a tool for characterizing multi-component, crystalline molecular machines. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:12286-95. [PMID: 24028495 DOI: 10.1021/jp4045995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The well-tempered, smoothly converging form of the metadynamics algorithm has been implemented in classical molecular dynamics simulations and used to obtain an estimate of the free energy surface explored by the molecular rotations in the plastic crystal, octafluoronaphthalene. The biased simulations explore the full energy surface extremely efficiently, more than 4 orders of magnitude faster than unbiased molecular dynamics runs. The metadynamics collective variables used have also been expanded to include the simultaneous orientations of three neighboring octafluoronaphthalene molecules. Analysis of the resultant three-dimensional free energy surface, which is sampled to a very high degree despite its significant complexity, demonstrates that there are strong correlations between the molecular orientations. Although this correlated motion is of limited applicability in terms of exploiting dynamical motion in octafluoronaphthalene, the approach used is extremely well suited to the investigation of the function of crystalline molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ilott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham , South Road, Durham, U.K. DH1 3LE
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33
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Lu C, Miao M, Ma Y. Structural evolution of carbon dioxide under high pressure. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14167-71. [PMID: 24004352 DOI: 10.1021/ja404854x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using an efficient structure search method based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm, we study the structural evolution of solid carbon dioxide (CO2) under high pressure. Our results show that, although it undertakes many structural transitions under pressure, CO2 is quite resistive to structures with C beyond 4-fold coordination. For the first time, we are able to identify two 6-fold structures of solid CO2 with Pbcn and Pa3 symmetries that become stable at pressures close to 1 TPa. Both structures consist of a network of C-O octahedra, showing hypervalence of the central C atoms. The C-O bond length varies from 1.30 to 1.34 Å at the 4-fold to 6-fold transition, close to the C-O distance in the transition state of a corresponding S(N)2 reaction. It has been a longstanding and challenging objective to stabilize C in a hypervalent state, particularly when it is bonded with nonmetallic elements. Most of the work so far has focused on synthesizing organic molecules with a high coordination number of C. Our results provide a good measure of the resistivity of C toward forming hypervalent compounds with nonmetallic elements and of the barrier of reaction involving C-O bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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34
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Motta A, Fragalà IL, Marks TJ. Insight into Group 4 Metallocenium-Mediated Olefin Polymerization Reaction Coordinates Using a Metadynamics Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:3491-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Motta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, and INSTM, UdR Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125
Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio L. Fragalà
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, and INSTM, UdR Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125
Catania, Italy
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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35
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Yoo CS. Physical and chemical transformations of highly compressed carbon dioxide at bond energies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:7949-66. [PMID: 23615853 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50761k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide exhibits a richness of high-pressure polymorphs with a great diversity in intermolecular interaction, chemical bonding, and crystal structures. It ranges from typical molecular solids to fully extended covalent solids with crystal structures similar to those of SiO2. These extended solids of carbon dioxide are fundamentally new materials exhibiting interesting optical nonlinearity, low compressibility and high energy density. Furthermore, the large disparity in chemical bonding between the extended network and molecular structures results in a broad metastability domain for these phases to room temperature and almost to ambient pressure and thereby offers enhanced opportunities for novel materials developments. Broadly speaking, these molecular-to-non-molecular transitions occur due to electron delocalization manifested as a rapid increase in electron kinetic energy at high density. The detailed mechanisms, however, are more complex with phase metastabilities, path-dependent phases and phase boundaries, and large lattice strains and structural distortions - all of which are controlled by well beyond thermodynamic constraints to chemical kinetics associated with the governing phases and transitions. As a result, the equilibrium phase boundary is difficult to locate precisely (experimentally or theoretically) and is often obscured by the presence of metastable phases (ordered or disordered). This paper will review the pressure-induced transformations observed in highly compressed carbon dioxide and present chemistry perspectives on those molecular-to-non-molecular transformations that can be applied to other low-Z molecular solids at Mbar pressures where the compression energy rivals the chemical bond energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Shik Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
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36
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Pérez-Sánchez G, González-Salgado D, Piñeiro MM, Vega C. Fluid-solid equilibrium of carbon dioxide as obtained from computer simulations of several popular potential models: the role of the quadrupole. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:084506. [PMID: 23464159 DOI: 10.1063/1.4792443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work the solid-fluid equilibrium for carbon dioxide (CO2) has been evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. In particular the melting curve of the solid phase denoted as I, or dry ice, was computed for pressures up to 1000 MPa. Four different models, widely used in computer simulations of CO2 were considered in the calculations. All of them are rigid non-polarizable models consisting of three Lennard-Jones interaction sites located on the positions of the atoms of the molecule, plus three partial charges. It will be shown that although these models predict similar vapor-liquid equilibria their predictions for the fluid-solid equilibria are quite different. Thus the prediction of the entire phase diagram is a severe test for any potential model. It has been found that the Transferable Potentials for Phase Equilibria (TraPPE) model yields the best description of the triple point properties and melting curve of carbon dioxide. It is shown that the ability of a certain model to predict the melting curve of carbon dioxide is related to the value of the quadrupole moment of the model. Models with low quadrupole moment tend to yield melting temperatures too low, whereas the model with the highest quadrupole moment yields the best predictions. That reinforces the idea that not only is the quadrupole needed to provide a reasonable description of the properties in the fluid phase, but also it is absolutely necessary to describe the properties of the solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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37
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Liu H, Zhu L, Cui W, Ma Y. Room-temperature structures of solid hydrogen at high pressures. J Chem Phys 2013; 137:074501. [PMID: 22920125 DOI: 10.1063/1.4745186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By employing first-principles metadynamics simulations, we explore the 300 K structures of solid hydrogen over the pressure range 150-300 GPa. At 200 GPa, we find the ambient-pressure disordered hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase transited into an insulating partially ordered hcp phase (po-hcp), a mixture of ordered graphene-like H(2) layers and the other layers of weakly coupled, disordered H(2) molecules. Within this phase, hydrogen remains in paired states with creation of shorter intra-molecular bonds, which are responsible for the very high experimental Raman peak above 4000 cm(-1). At 275 GPa, our simulations predicted a transformation from po-hcp into the ordered molecular metallic Cmca phase (4 molecules/cell) that was previously proposed to be stable only above 400 GPa. Gibbs free energy calculations at 300 K confirmed the energetic stabilities of the po-hcp and metallic Cmca phases over all known structures at 220-242 GPa and >242 GPa, respectively. Our simulations highlighted the major role played by temperature in tuning the phase stabilities and provided theoretical support for claimed metallization of solid hydrogen below 300 GPa at 300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Liu
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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38
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Do H, Wheatley RJ. Density of States Partitioning Method for Calculating the Free Energy of Solids. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 9:165-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ct3007056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hainam Do
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Richard J. Wheatley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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39
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Rojas-Cervellera V, Giralt E, Rovira C. Staple Motifs, Initial Steps in the Formation of Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoparticles: How Do They Form? Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11422-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Rojas-Cervellera
- Computer Simulation and Modeling
Laboratory, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10−12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Diagonal 647, 08028
Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Química
Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institut
de Recerca Biomèdica
de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10−12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Química
Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Rovira
- Computer Simulation and Modeling
Laboratory, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10−12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Diagonal 647, 08028
Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Química
Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig
Lluís Companys 23, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Mascia L, Acierno D. Polymers in industry: From guncotton to CO2 glass. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Ledyastuti M, Liang Y, Miranda CR, Matsuoka T. Comparison of thermodynamic stabilities and mechanical properties of CO2, SiO2, and GeO2 polymorphs by first-principles calculations. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:034703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4735077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Datchi F, Mallick B, Salamat A, Ninet S. Structure of polymeric carbon dioxide CO2-V. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:125701. [PMID: 22540597 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.125701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The structure of polymeric carbon dioxide (CO2-V) has been solved using synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction, and its evolution followed from 8 to 65 GPa. We compare the experimental results obtained for a 100% CO2 sample and a 1 mol % CO2/He sample. The latter allows us to produce the polymer in a pure form and study its compressibility under hydrostatic conditions. The high quality of the x-ray data enables us to solve the structure directly from experiments. The latter is isomorphic to the β-cristobalite phase of SiO2 with the space group I42d. Carbon and oxygen atoms are arranged in CO4 tetrahedral units linked by oxygen atoms at the corners. The bulk modulus determined under hydrostatic conditions, B0=136(10) GPa, is much smaller than previously reported. The comparison of our experimental findings with theoretical calculations performed in the present and previous studies shows that density functional theory very well describes polymeric CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Datchi
- IMPMC, UPMC/Paris 6, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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43
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Sun J, Martinez-Canales M, Klug DD, Pickard CJ, Needs RJ. Persistence and eventual demise of oxygen molecules at terapascal pressures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:045503. [PMID: 22400862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.045503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Computational searches for structures of solid oxygen under high pressures in the multi-TPa range are carried out using density-functional-theory methods. We find that molecular oxygen persists to about 1.9 TPa at which it transforms into a semiconducting square-spiral-like polymeric structure (I4(1)/acd) with a band gap of ~3.0 eV. Solid oxygen forms a metallic zigzag chainlike structure (Cmcm) at about 3.0 TPa, but the chains in each layer gradually merge as the pressure is increased and a structure of Fmmm symmetry forms at about 9.3 TPa in which each atom has four nearest neighbors. The superconducting properties of molecular oxygen do not vary much with compression, although the structure becomes more symmetric. The electronic properties of oxygen have a complex evolution with pressure, swapping between insulating, semiconducting, and metallic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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44
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Khazaei M, Liang Y, Bahramy MS, Pichierri F, Esfarjani K, Kawazoe Y. High-pressure phases of hydrogen cyanide: formation of hydrogenated carbon nitride polymers and layers and their electronic properties. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:405403. [PMID: 21937792 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/40/405403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have performed a set of first-principles simulations to consider the possible phase transitions in molecular crystals of HCN under high pressure. Our calculations reveal several transition paths from the orthorhombic phase to tetragonal and then to triclinic phases. The transitions from the orthorhombic to the tetragonal phases are of the second order, whereas those from the tetragonal to the triclinic phases turn out to be of the first-order type and characterized by an abrupt decrease in volume. Our calculations show that, by adjustment of the temperature and pressure of the HCN molecular crystal, novel layered and polymeric crystals with insulating, semiconducting or metallic properties can be found. Based on our simulation results, two different crystal formation mechanisms are deduced. The stabilities of the predicted structures at ambient pressure are further assessed by performing phonon or MD simulations. In addition, the electron transport properties of the predicted polymers are obtained using the non-equilibrium Green's function technique combined with density functional theory. The results show that the polymers have metallic-like I-V characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khazaei
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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45
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Zhao Z, Xu B, Wang LM, Zhou XF, He J, Liu Z, Wang HT, Tian Y. Three dimensional carbon-nanotube polymers. ACS NANO 2011; 5:7226-7234. [PMID: 21838290 DOI: 10.1021/nn202053t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Eight fascinating sp(2)- and sp(3)-hybridized carbon allotropes have been uncovered using a newly developed ab initio particle-swarm optimization methodology for crystal structure prediction. These crystalline allotropes can be viewed respectively as three-dimensional (3D) polymers of (4,0), (5,0), (7,0), (8,0), (9,0), (3,3), (4,4), and (6,6) carbon nanotubes, termed 3D-(n, 0) or 3D-(n, n) carbons. The ground-state energy calculations show that the carbons all have lower energies than C(60) fullerene, and some are energetically more stable than the van der Waals packing configurations of their nanotube parents. Owing to their unique configurations, they have distinctive electronic properties, high Young's moduli, high tensile strength, ultrahigh hardness, good ductility, and low density, and may be potentially applied to a variety of needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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46
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Yoo CS, Sengupta A, Kim M. Carbon dioxide carbonates in the earth's mantle: implications to the deep carbon cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11219-22. [PMID: 21953768 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Shik Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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47
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Yoo CS, Sengupta A, Kim M. Carbon Dioxide Carbonates in the Earth’s Mantle: Implications to the Deep Carbon Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Liu J, Ge Q. Using first-principles metadynamics simulation to predict new phases and probe the phase transition of NaAlH4. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:345401. [PMID: 21841237 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/34/345401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A first-principles-based metadynamics technique was used to study the solid-solid phase transition of NaAlH4 under normal pressure and at temperatures close to the melting point in order to understand the mechanism of hydrogen release from NaAlH4. Two orthorhombic phases with space symmetry groups of Cmcm and Pbcm were determined based on the structures isolated from the metadynamics trajectories starting from the α phase (I4(1/a)) of NaAlH(4). The I4(1/a)→Cmcm→Pbcm transitions can be correlated with the symmetry-lowering process (D(2h) → C(2v) → C(s)) of the AlH(4)(-) complex ions. Thermodynamics analysis revealed that the Cmcm phase forms from the I4(1/a) phase at around the melting point (548 K). Our results are in qualitative agreement with a previous Raman scattering measurement, which showed a transition at ∼ 503 K. The Cmcm phase is expected to be a key intermediate in hydrogen desorption prior to Na(3)AlH(6) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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49
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Zhang J, Li Y, Lin H, Zeng Z. Pressure-induced structural phase transition in wide-gap molecular solid CF4. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Silicon carbonate phase formed from carbon dioxide and silica under pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:7689-92. [PMID: 21518903 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1019691108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of nonmolecular carbon dioxide under high-pressure conditions shows that there are remarkable analogies between this important substance and other group IV oxides. A natural and long-standing question is whether compounds between CO(2) and SiO(2) are possible. Under ambient conditions, CO(2) and SiO(2) are thermodynamically stable and do not react with each other. We show that reactions occur at high pressures indicating that silica can behave in a manner similar to ionic metal oxides that form carbonates at room pressure. A silicon carbonate phase was synthesized by reacting silicalite, a microporous SiO(2) zeolite, and molecular CO(2) that fills the pores, in diamond anvil cells at 18-26 GPa and 600-980 K; the compound was then temperature quenched. The material was characterized by Raman and IR spectroscopy, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The experiments reveal unique oxide chemistry at high pressures and the potential for synthesis of a class of previously uncharacterized materials. There are also potential implications for CO(2) segregation in planetary interiors and for CO(2) storage.
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