1
|
Hoellerbauer P, Kufeld M, Arora S, Mitchell K, Girard E, Herman J, Olson J, Paddison P. FBXO42 activity is required to prevent mitotic arrest, spindle assembly checkpoint activation and lethality in glioblastoma and other cancers. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae021. [PMID: 38774470 PMCID: PMC11106029 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. To identify genes differentially required for the viability of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs), we performed functional genomic lethality screens comparing GSCs and control human neural stem cells. Among top-scoring hits in a subset of GBM cells was the F-box-containing gene FBXO42, which was also predicted to be essential in ∼15% of cell lines derived from a broad range of cancers. Mechanistic studies revealed that, in sensitive cells, FBXO42 activity prevents chromosome alignment defects, mitotic cell cycle arrest and cell death. The cell cycle arrest, but not the cell death, triggered by FBXO42 inactivation could be suppressed by brief exposure to a chemical inhibitor of Mps1, a key spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) kinase. FBXO42's cancer-essential function requires its F-box and Kelch domains, which are necessary for FBXO42's substrate recognition and targeting by SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex. However, none of FBXO42's previously proposed targets, including ING4, p53 and RBPJ, were responsible for the observed phenotypes. Instead, our results suggest that FBOX42 alters the activity of one or more proteins that perturb chromosome-microtubule dynamics in cancer cells, which in turn leads to induction of the SAC and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Hoellerbauer
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - Megan Kufeld
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - Emily J Girard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101 USA
| | - Jacob A Herman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101 USA
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lü Y, Cho T, Mukherjee S, Suarez CF, Gonzalez-Foutel NS, Malik A, Martinez S, Dervovic D, Oh RH, Langille E, Al-Zahrani KN, Hoeg L, Lin ZY, Tsai R, Mbamalu G, Rotter V, Ashton-Prolla P, Moffat J, Chemes LB, Gingras AC, Oren M, Durocher D, Schramek D. Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify novel regulators of wild-type and mutant p53 stability. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:719-740. [PMID: 38580884 PMCID: PMC11148184 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-024-00032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 (TP53) is frequently mutated in cancer, often resulting not only in loss of its tumor-suppressive function but also acquisition of dominant-negative and even oncogenic gain-of-function traits. While wild-type p53 levels are tightly regulated, mutants are typically stabilized in tumors, which is crucial for their oncogenic properties. Here, we systematically profiled the factors that regulate protein stability of wild-type and mutant p53 using marker-based genome-wide CRISPR screens. Most regulators of wild-type p53 also regulate p53 mutants, except for p53 R337H regulators, which are largely private to this mutant. Mechanistically, FBXO42 emerged as a positive regulator for a subset of p53 mutants, working with CCDC6 to control USP28-mediated mutant p53 stabilization. Additionally, C16orf72/HAPSTR1 negatively regulates both wild-type p53 and all tested mutants. C16orf72/HAPSTR1 is commonly amplified in breast cancer, and its overexpression reduces p53 levels in mouse mammary epithelium leading to accelerated breast cancer. This study offers a network perspective on p53 stability regulation, potentially guiding strategies to reinforce wild-type p53 or target mutant p53 in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YiQing Lü
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biology, Suffolk University, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Tiffany Cho
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Saptaparna Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Carmen Florencia Suarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBiO-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas S Gonzalez-Foutel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBiO-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ahmad Malik
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sebastien Martinez
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Dzana Dervovic
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Robin Hyunseo Oh
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ellen Langille
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Khalid N Al-Zahrani
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Lisa Hoeg
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Zhen Yuan Lin
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ricky Tsai
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Geraldine Mbamalu
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Serviço de Genetica Médica HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3G9, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lucia Beatriz Chemes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBiO-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baptista CG, Hosking S, Gas-Pascual E, Ciampossine L, Abel S, Hakimi MA, Jeffers V, Le Roch K, West CM, Blader IJ. The Toxoplasma gondii F-Box Protein L2 Functions as a Repressor of Stage Specific Gene Expression. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012269. [PMID: 38814984 PMCID: PMC11166348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a foodborne pathogen that can cause severe and life-threatening infections in fetuses and immunocompromised patients. Felids are its only definitive hosts, and a wide range of animals, including humans, serve as intermediate hosts. When the transmissible bradyzoite stage is orally ingested by felids, they transform into merozoites that expand asexually, ultimately generating millions of gametes for the parasite sexual cycle. However, bradyzoites in intermediate hosts differentiate exclusively to disease-causing tachyzoites, which rapidly disseminate throughout the host. Though tachyzoites are well-studied, the molecular mechanisms governing transitioning between developmental stages are poorly understood. Each parasite stage can be distinguished by a characteristic transcriptional signature, with one signature being repressed during the other stages. Switching between stages require substantial changes in the proteome, which is achieved in part by ubiquitination. F-box proteins mediate protein poly-ubiquitination by recruiting substrates to SKP1, Cullin-1, F-Box protein E3 ubiquitin ligase (SCF-E3) complexes. We have identified an F-box protein named Toxoplasma gondii F-Box Protein L2 (TgFBXL2), which localizes to distinct perinucleolar sites. TgFBXL2 is stably engaged in an SCF-E3 complex that is surprisingly also associated with a COP9 signalosome complex that negatively regulates SCF-E3 function. At the cellular level, TgFBXL2-depleted parasites are severely defective in centrosome replication and daughter cell development. Most remarkable, RNAseq data show that TgFBXL2 conditional depletion induces the expression of stage-specific genes including a large cohort of genes necessary for sexual commitment. Together, these data suggest that TgFBXL2 is a latent guardian of stage specific gene expression in Toxoplasma and poised to remove conflicting proteins in response to an unknown trigger of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G. Baptista
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah Hosking
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Elisabet Gas-Pascual
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia United States of America
| | - Loic Ciampossine
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Steven Abel
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Victoria Jeffers
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Karine Le Roch
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. West
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia United States of America
| | - Ira J. Blader
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baptista CG, Hosking S, Gas-Pascual E, Ciampossine L, Abel S, Hakimi MA, Jeffers V, Le Roch K, West CM, Blader IJ. Toxoplasma gondii F-Box Protein L2 Silences Feline-Restricted Genes Necessary for Sexual Commitment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572150. [PMID: 38187549 PMCID: PMC10769283 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a foodborne pathogen that can cause severe and life-threatening infections in fetuses and immunocompromised patients. Felids are its only definitive hosts, and a wide range of animals, including humans, serve as intermediate hosts. When the transmissible bradyzoite stage is orally ingested by felids, they transform into merozoites that expand asexually, ultimately generating millions of gametes for the parasite sexual cycle. However, bradyzoites in intermediate hosts differentiate exclusively to disease-causing tachyzoites, which rapidly disseminate throughout the host. Though tachyzoites are well-studied, the molecular mechanisms governing transitioning between developmental stages are poorly understood. Each parasite stage can be distinguished by a characteristic transcriptional signature, with one signature being repressed during the other stages. Switching between stages requires substantial changes in the proteome, which is achieved in part by ubiquitination. F-box proteins mediate protein poly-ubiquitination by recruiting substrates to SKP1, Cullin-1, F-Box protein E3 ubiquitin ligase (SCF-E3) complexes. We have identified an F-box protein named Toxoplasma gondii F-Box Protein L2 (TgFBXL2), which localizes to distinct nuclear sites. TgFBXL2 is stably engaged in an SCF-E3 complex that is surprisingly also associated with a COP9 signalosome complex that negatively regulates SCF-E3 function. At the cellular level, TgFBXL2-depleted parasites are severely defective in centrosome replication and daughter cell development. Most remarkable, RNA seq data show that TgFBXL2 conditional depletion induces the expression of genes necessary for sexual commitment. We suggest that TgFBXL2 is a latent guardian of sexual stage development in Toxoplasma and poised to remove conflicting proteins in response to an unknown trigger of sexual development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G. Baptista
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
| | - Sarah Hosking
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
| | - Elisabet Gas-Pascual
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Loic Ciampossine
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521USA
| | - Steven Abel
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521USA
| | - Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Victoria Jeffers
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Karine Le Roch
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521USA
| | - Christopher M. West
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Ira J. Blader
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao YQ, Jin HR, Kim D, Jung SH, Liu S, Wan J, Lo HY, Fu XQ, Wang Q, Hao C, Bellail AC. SUMO1 degrader induces ER stress and ROS accumulation through deSUMOylation of TCF4 and inhibition of its transcription of StarD7 in colon cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1249-1262. [PMID: 37191369 PMCID: PMC10524896 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule degraders of small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1) induce SUMO1 degradation in colon cancer cells and inhibits the cancer cell growth; however, it is unclear how SUMO1 degradation leads to the anticancer activity of the degraders. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen has identified StAR-related lipid transfer domain containing 7 (StarD7) as a critical gene for the degrader's anticancer activity. Here, we show that both StarD7 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in human colon cancer and its knockout significantly reduces colon cancer cell growth and xenograft progression. The treatment with the SUMO1 degrader lead compound HB007 reduces StarD7 mRNA and protein levels and increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in colon cancer cells and three-dimensional (3D) organoids. The study further provides a novel mechanism of the compound anticancer activity that SUMO1 degrader-induced decrease of StarD7 occur through degradation of SUMO1, deSUMOylation and degradation of T cell-specific transcription 4 (TCF4) and thereby inhibition of its transcription of StarD7 in colon cancer cells, 3D organoids and patient-derived xenografts (PDX).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Quan Zhao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hong Ri Jin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daeho Kim
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sung Han Jung
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ho-Yin Lo
- Synovel Laboratory LLC, Danbury, CT 06811, USA
| | - Xue Qi Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Chunhai Hao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Anita C. Bellail
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- HB Therapeutics Inc. Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang H, Lu J, Aukhil I, Yu C, Bhut B, Marchesan J, Pirih F, Chang J. FBXO11 regulates bone development. Bone 2023; 170:116709. [PMID: 36863499 PMCID: PMC11008459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
FBXO11 is the substrate-recognition component of a ubiquitin ligase complex called SKP1-cullin-F-boxes. The role of FBXO11 in bone development is unexplored. In this study, we reported a novel mechanism of how bone development is regulated by FBXO11. FBXO11 gene knockdown by lentiviral transduction in mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells leads to reduced osteogenic differentiation, while overexpressing FBXO11 accelerates their osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, we generated two osteoblastic-specific FBXO11 conditional knockout mouse models, Col1a1-ERT2-FBXO11KO and Bglap2-FBXO11KO mice. In both conditional FBXO11KO mouse models, we found FBXO11 deficiency inhibits normal bone growth, in which the osteogenic activity in FBXO11cKO mice is reduced, while osteoclastic activity is not significantly changed. Mechanistically, we found FBXO11 deficiency leads to Snail1 protein accumulation in osteoblasts, leading to suppression of osteogenic activity and inhibition of bone matrix mineralization. FBXO11 knockdown in MC3T3-E1 cells reduced Snail1 protein ubiquitination and increased Snail1 protein accumulation in the cells, which eventually inhibited osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, FBXO11 deficiency in osteoblasts inhibits bone formation through Snail1 accumulation, inhibiting osteogenic activity and bone mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Colton Yu
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brinda Bhut
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Julie Marchesan
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Flavia Pirih
- Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jia Chang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu S, Ji G, Zhang L. The role of p53 in liver fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1057829. [PMID: 36353498 PMCID: PMC9637836 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1057829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is the central hub of a molecular network, which controls cell proliferation and death, and also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. The abundant post-translational processing and modification endow the functional diversity of p53. Considering the relationship between p53 and liver fibrosis, drug intervention targeting p53 or management of p53 regulation might be effective strategies to treat liver fibrosis. Here, we systematically discuss the regulation of p53 in different liver cells (hepatocytes, immune cells, HSCs, etc) and the role of p53 in the development of liver fibrosis, and propose possible interventions to prevent the pathogenic processes of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang H, Bian W, Sui Y, Li H, Zhao H, Wang W, Li X. FBXO42 facilitates Notch signaling activation and global chromatin relaxation by promoting K63-linked polyubiquitination of RBPJ. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq4831. [PMID: 36129980 PMCID: PMC9491713 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Notch-RBPJ (recombination signal-binding protein of immunoglobulin kappa J region) signaling pathway has been found associated with various human diseases including cancers; however, precisely how this key signaling pathway is fine-tuned via its interactors and modifications is still largely unknown. In this study, using a proteomic approach, we identified F-box only protein 42 (FBXO42) as a previously unidentified RBPJ interactor. FBXO42 promotes RBPJ polyubiquitination on lysine-175 via lysine-63 linkage, which enhances the association of RBPJ with chromatin remodeling complexes and induces a global chromatin relaxation. Genetically depleting FBXO42 or pharmacologically targeting its E3 ligase activity attenuates the Notch signaling-related leukemia development in vivo. Together, our findings not only revealed FBXO42 as a critical regulator of the Notch pathway by modulating RBPJ-dependent global chromatin landscape changes but also provided insights into the therapeutic intervention of the Notch pathway for leukemia treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- Fudan University, Shanghai 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixiang Bian
- Fudan University, Shanghai 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Sui
- Fudan University, Shanghai 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanle Li
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Fudan University, Shanghai 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tkach JM, Philip R, Sharma A, Strecker J, Durocher D, Pelletier L. Global cellular response to chemical perturbation of PLK4 activity and abnormal centrosome number. eLife 2022; 11:73944. [PMID: 35758262 PMCID: PMC9236612 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes act as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in metazoans. Centrosome number is tightly regulated by limiting centriole duplication to a single round per cell cycle. This control is achieved by multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of the protein kinase PLK4, the most upstream facilitator of centriole duplication. Altered centrosome numbers in mouse and human cells cause p53-dependent growth arrest through poorly defined mechanisms. Recent work has shown that the E3 ligase TRIM37 is required for cell cycle arrest in acentrosomal cells. To gain additional insights into this process, we undertook a series of genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens to identify factors important for growth arrest triggered by treatment with centrinone B, a selective PLK4 inhibitor. We found that TRIM37 is a key mediator of growth arrest after partial or full PLK4 inhibition. Interestingly, PLK4 cellular mobility decreased in a dose-dependent manner after centrinone B treatment. In contrast to recent work, we found that growth arrest after PLK4 inhibition correlated better with PLK4 activity than with mitotic length or centrosome number. These data provide insights into the global response to changes in centrosome number and PLK4 activity and extend the role for TRIM37 in regulating the abundance, localization, and function of centrosome proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny M Tkach
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reuben Philip
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amit Sharma
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan Strecker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu J, Li B, Li W, Pan T, Diao Y, Wang F. 6-Shogaol Inhibits Oxidative Stress-Induced Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis by Regulating OXR1-p53 Axis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:808162. [PMID: 35174215 PMCID: PMC8841977 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.808162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is closely related to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and oxidative stress is an important cause of VSMCs' death. Inhibiting VSMCs apoptosis is an effective preventive strategy in slowing down the development of cardiovascular disease, especially for atherosclerosis. In this study, we found that oxidation resistance protein 1 (OXR1), a crucial participator for responding to oxidative stress, could modulate the expression of p53, the key regulator of cell apoptosis. Our results revealed that oxidative stress promoted VSMCs apoptosis by overexpression of the OXR1-p53 axis, and 6-shogaol (6S), a major biologically active compound in ginger, could effectively attenuate cell death by preventing the upregulated expression of the OXR1-p53 axis. Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that the degradation of p53 mediated by OXR1 might be related to the enhanced assembly of SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes, which is reported to closely relate to the modification of ubiquitination or neddylation and subsequent degradation of p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Dalian Anti-Infective Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Anti-Infective Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian, China
| | - Wenlian Li
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Taowen Pan
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Anti-Infective Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian, China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Anti-Infective Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian, China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Killing by Degradation: Regulation of Apoptosis by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome-System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123465. [PMID: 34943974 PMCID: PMC8700063 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a cell suicide process that is essential for development, tissue homeostasis and human health. Impaired apoptosis is associated with a variety of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmunity and cancer. As the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins can determine the life or death of cells, tight regulation of these proteins is critical. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is essential for maintaining protein turnover, which can either trigger or inhibit apoptosis. In this review, we will describe the E3 ligases that regulate the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and assisting proteins that regulate the levels of these E3 ligases. We will provide examples of apoptotic cell death modulations using the UPS, determined by positive and negative feedback loop reactions. Specifically, we will review how the stability of p53, Bcl-2 family members and IAPs (Inhibitor of Apoptosis proteins) are regulated upon initiation of apoptosis. As increased levels of oncogenes and decreased levels of tumor suppressor proteins can promote tumorigenesis, targeting these pathways offers opportunities to develop novel anti-cancer therapies, which act by recruiting the UPS for the effective and selective killing of cancer cells.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bellail AC, Jin HR, Lo HY, Jung SH, Hamdouchi C, Kim D, Higgins RK, Blanck M, le Sage C, Cross BCS, Li J, Mosley AL, Wijeratne AB, Jiang W, Ghosh M, Zhao YQ, Hauck PM, Shekhar A, Hao C. Ubiquitination and degradation of SUMO1 by small-molecule degraders extends survival of mice with patient-derived tumors. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabh1486. [PMID: 34644148 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita C Bellail
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,HB Therapeutics Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hong Ri Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ho-Yin Lo
- Synovel Laboratory LLC, Danbury, CT 06811, USA
| | - Sung Han Jung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chafiq Hamdouchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daeho Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ryan K Higgins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jing Li
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Amber L Mosley
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Aruna B Wijeratne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Markey Center for Structural Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Manali Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Markey Center for Structural Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yin Quan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Paula M Hauck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry and Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chunhai Hao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hyeon SJ, Park J, Yoo J, Kim SH, Hwang YJ, Kim SC, Liu T, Shim HS, Kim Y, Cho Y, Woo J, Kim KS, Myers RH, Ryu HL, Kowall NW, Song EJ, Hwang EM, Seo H, Lee J, Ryu H. Dysfunction of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) triggers neuropathological processes via altered p53 activity in Huntington's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102110. [PMID: 34166773 PMCID: PMC8364511 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with neuronal damage in Huntington's disease (HD), but the precise mechanism of mitochondria-dependent pathogenesis is not understood yet. Herein, we found that colocalization of XIAP and p53 was prominent in the cytosolic compartments of normal subjects but reduced in HD patients and HD transgenic animal models. Overexpression of mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) reduced XIAP levels and elevated mitochondrial localization of p53 in striatal cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, XIAP interacted directly with the C-terminal domain of p53 and decreased its stability via autophagy. Overexpression of XIAP prevented mitochondrially targeted-p53 (Mito-p53)-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and striatal cell death, whereas, knockdown of XIAP exacerbated Mito-p53-induced neuronal damage in vitro. In vivo transduction of AAV-shRNA XIAP in the dorsal striatum induced rapid onset of disease and reduced the lifespan of HD transgenic (N171-82Q) mice compared to WT littermate mice. XIAP dysfunction led to ultrastructural changes of the mitochondrial cristae and nucleus morphology in striatal cells. Knockdown of XIAP exacerbated neuropathology and motor dysfunctions in N171-82Q mice. In contrast, XIAP overexpression improved neuropathology and motor behaviors in both AAV-mHTT-transduced mice and N171-82Q mice. Our data provides a molecular and pathological mechanism that deregulation of XIAP triggers mitochondria dysfunction and other neuropathological processes via the neurotoxic effect of p53 in HD. Together, the XIAP-p53 pathway is a novel pathological marker and can be a therapeutic target for improving the symptoms in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jae Hyeon
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Junsang Yoo
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Hwang
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chan Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Tian Liu
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Hyun Soo Shim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yunha Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yakdol Cho
- KIST Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Jiwan Woo
- KIST Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Key-Sun Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; KIST Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Richard H Myers
- Boston University Genome Science Institute and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hannah L Ryu
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Eun Joo Song
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyemyung Seo
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea.
| | - Junghee Lee
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang Z, Zhou X, Zheng E, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Pei F, Zhang Y, Ren J, Huang Y, Xia L, Guan S, Qin S, Suo F, Shi J, Wang L, He L, Sun L. JFK Is a Hypoxia-Inducible Gene That Functions to Promote Breast Carcinogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686737. [PMID: 34336836 PMCID: PMC8319627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many carcinomas feature hypoxia, a condition has long been associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis, as well as resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Here, we report that the F-box protein JFK promotes mammary tumor initiation and progression in MMTV-PyMT murine model of spontaneous breast cancer. We find that JFK is inducible under hypoxic conditions, in which hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α binds to and transcriptionally activates JFK in breast cancer cells. Consistently, analysis of public clinical datasets reveals that the mRNA level of JFK is positively correlated with that of HIF-1α in breast cancer. We show that JFK deficiency leads to a decrease in HIF-1α-induced glycolysis in breast cancer and sensitizes hypoxic breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic treatment. These results indicate that JFK is an important player in hypoxic response, supporting the pursuit of JFK as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Enrun Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pei
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sudun Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feiya Suo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
FBXL6 degrades phosphorylated p53 to promote tumor growth. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2112-2125. [PMID: 33568778 PMCID: PMC8257708 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates many distinct biological processes. Its dysregulation causes various diseases, including but not limited to cancer. In this study, based on the analysis of gene expression in several colorectal cancer (CRC) datasets, we show that FBXL6, a poorly-characterized F-box protein, is amplified, over-expressed, and highly correlated with poor prognosis in human CRC patients. Mechanistically, FBXL6 targets phospho-p53 (S315) to mediate its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby inhibiting p53 signaling. FBXL6 depletion inhibits proliferation of p53 wild-type (WT) CRC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, p53 transcriptionally suppresses FBXL6 expression by binding its core promoter region. Taken together, these results identify the feed-forward loop of FBXL6-p53 as a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatments.
Collapse
|
16
|
He L, Yan R, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Liu X, Yang J, Liu X, Liu X, Xia L, Wang Y, Wu J, Wu X, Shan L, Yang X, Liang J, Shang Y, Sun L. SCF JFK is functionally linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52036. [PMID: 34114325 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism could lead to the development of metabolic disorders. We report here that the F-box protein JFK promotes excessive lipid accumulation in adipose tissue and contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. JFK transgenic mice develop spontaneous obesity, accompanied by dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance, phenotypes that are further exacerbated under high-fat diets. In contrast, Jfk knockout mice are lean and resistant to diet-induced metabolic malfunctions. Liver-specific reconstitution of JFK expression in Jfk knockout mice leads to hepatic lipid accumulation resembling human hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We show that JFK interacts with and destabilizes ING5 through assembly of the SCF complex. Integrative transcriptomic and genomic analysis reveals that the SCFJFK -ING5 axis interferes with AMPK activity and fatty acid β-oxidation, leading to the suppression of hepatic lipid catabolism. Significantly, JFK is upregulated and AMPKα1 is down-regulated in liver tissues from NAFLD patients. These results reveal that SCFJFK is a bona fide E3 ligase for ING5 and link the SCFJFK -ING5 axis to the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruorong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ziran Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xujun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajing Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sub-genic intolerance, ClinVar, and the epilepsies: A whole-exome sequencing study of 29,165 individuals. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:965-982. [PMID: 33932343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both mild and severe epilepsies are influenced by variants in the same genes, yet an explanation for the resulting phenotypic variation is unknown. As part of the ongoing Epi25 Collaboration, we performed a whole-exome sequencing analysis of 13,487 epilepsy-affected individuals and 15,678 control individuals. While prior Epi25 studies focused on gene-based collapsing analyses, we asked how the pattern of variation within genes differs by epilepsy type. Specifically, we compared the genetic architectures of severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) and two generally less severe epilepsies, genetic generalized epilepsy and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). Our gene-based rare variant collapsing analysis used geographic ancestry-based clustering that included broader ancestries than previously possible and revealed novel associations. Using the missense intolerance ratio (MTR), we found that variants in DEE-affected individuals are in significantly more intolerant genic sub-regions than those in NAFE-affected individuals. Only previously reported pathogenic variants absent in available genomic datasets showed a significant burden in epilepsy-affected individuals compared with control individuals, and the ultra-rare pathogenic variants associated with DEE were located in more intolerant genic sub-regions than variants associated with non-DEE epilepsies. MTR filtering improved the yield of ultra-rare pathogenic variants in affected individuals compared with control individuals. Finally, analysis of variants in genes without a disease association revealed a significant burden of loss-of-function variants in the genes most intolerant to such variation, indicating additional epilepsy-risk genes yet to be discovered. Taken together, our study suggests that genic and sub-genic intolerance are critical characteristics for interpreting the effects of variation in genes that influence epilepsy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Shao N, Cheng J, Huang H, Gong X, Lu Y, Idris M, Peng X, Ong BX, Zhang Q, Xu F, Liu C. GASC1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting the degradation of ROCK2. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:253. [PMID: 33692332 PMCID: PMC7946911 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a devastating malignancy without targeted therapeutic options. Our results indicated that the histone demethylase GASC1 signature is associated with later tumor stage and poorer survival in HCC patients. GASC1 depletion led to diminished HCC proliferation and tumor growth. A distinct heterogeneity in GASC1 levels was observed among HCC cell populations, predicting their inherent high or low tumor-initiating capacity. Mechanistically, GASC1 is involved in the regulation of several components of the Rho-GTPase signaling pathway including its downstream target ROCK2. GASC1 demethylase activity ensured the transcriptional repression of FBXO42, a ROCK2 protein-ubiquitin ligase, thereby inhibiting ROCK2 degradation via K63-linked poly-ubiquitination. Treatment with the GASC1 inhibitor SD70 impaired the growth of both HCC cell lines and xenografts in mice, sensitizing them to standard-of-care chemotherapy. This work identifies GASC1 as a malignant-cell-selective target in HCC, and GASC1-specific therapeutics represent promising candidates for new treatment options to control this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiamin Cheng
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100000, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong Huang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Muhammad Idris
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xu Peng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Belinda X Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qiongyi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Chungang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, PR China.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pan M, Blattner C. Regulation of p53 by E3s. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:745. [PMID: 33670160 PMCID: PMC7916862 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40 years of research on p53 have given us tremendous knowledge about this protein. Today we know that p53 plays a role in different biological processes such as proliferation, invasion, pluripotency, metabolism, cell cycle control, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, apoptosis, inflammation and autophagy. In the nucleus, p53 functions as a bona-fide transcription factor which activates and represses transcription of a number of target genes. In the cytoplasm, p53 can interact with proteins of the apoptotic machinery and by this also induces cell death. Despite being so important for the fate of the cell, expression levels of p53 are kept low in unstressed cells and the protein is largely inactive. The reason for the low expression level is that p53 is efficiently degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the vast inactivity of the tumor suppressor protein under normal growth conditions is due to the absence of activating and the presence of inactivating posttranslational modifications. E3s are important enzymes for these processes as they decorate p53 with ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-like proteins and by this control p53 degradation, stability and its subcellular localization. In this review, we provide an overview about E3s that target p53 and discuss the connection between p53, E3s and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Blattner
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO-box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
A comprehensive phenotypic CRISPR-Cas9 screen of the ubiquitin pathway uncovers roles of ubiquitin ligases in mitosis. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1319-1336.e9. [PMID: 33539788 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human ubiquitin proteasome system, composed of over 700 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) and deubiquitinases (DUBs), has been difficult to characterize systematically and phenotypically. We performed chemical-genetic CRISPR-Cas9 screens to identify E3s/DUBs whose loss renders cells sensitive or resistant to 41 compounds targeting a broad range of biological processes, including cell cycle progression, genome stability, metabolism, and vesicular transport. Genes and compounds clustered functionally, with inhibitors of related pathways interacting similarly with E3s/DUBs. Some genes, such as FBXW7, showed interactions with many of the compounds. Others, such as RNF25 and FBXO42, showed interactions primarily with a single compound (methyl methanesulfonate for RNF25) or a set of related compounds (the mitotic cluster for FBXO42). Mutation of several E3s with sensitivity to mitotic inhibitors led to increased aberrant mitoses, suggesting a role for these genes in cell cycle regulation. Our comprehensive CRISPR-Cas9 screen uncovered 466 gene-compound interactions covering 25% of the interrogated E3s/DUBs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Downregulation of the ubiquitin ligase KBTBD8 prevented epithelial ovarian cancer progression. Mol Med 2020; 26:96. [PMID: 33109073 PMCID: PMC7590797 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing protein 8, KBTBD8, has been identified as a female fertility factor. However, there have been no reports on the role of KBTBD8 in the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer, EOC. Our study aimed to address this issue. METHODS We first examine KBTBD8 expression in EOC tissues and cells. Next, we performed RNA sequencing to reveal the overall mechanism. Then we investigated the roles of KBTBD8 in the proliferation, migration, and health status of cultured EOC cells. Finally, we employed tumor xenograft models to evaluate the role of KBTBD8 in vivo. RESULTS First, KBTBD8 level was significantly higher in EOC tissues and cells. Next, comparative RNA sequencing identified more tumorigenesis-related genes that KBTBD8 might regulate. Then we found that KBTBD8 knockdown significantly decreased EOC cell proliferation, migration, and the activities of multiple tumorigenesis-related kinases. Finally, KBTBD8 knockdown significantly diminished ovarian tumor formation in vivo. CONCLUSION Proper KBTBD8 level is essential for the healthy growth of ovarian somatic cells, such as ovarian epithelial cells. Excessive KBTBD8 might be a significant impetus for EOC progression. KBTBD8 reduction greatly inhibits EOC proliferation and migration.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sobhani N, D’Angelo A, Wang X, Young KH, Generali D, Li Y. Mutant p53 as an Antigen in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114087. [PMID: 32521648 PMCID: PMC7312027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a pivotal role in cancer and infectious disease. Many oncology treatments are now calling on immunotherapy approaches, and scores of studies have investigated the role of p53 antibodies in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge from the preliminary evidence that suggests a potential role of p53 as an antigen in the adaptive immune response and as a key monitor of the innate immune system, thereby speculating on the idea that mutant p53 antigens serve as a druggable targets in immunotherapy. Except in a few cases, the vast majority of published work on p53 antibodies in cancer patients use wild-type p53 as the antigen to detect these antibodies and it is unclear whether they can recognize p53 mutants carried by cancer patients at all. We envision that an antibody targeting a specific mutant p53 will be effective therapeutically against a cancer carrying the exact same mutant p53. To corroborate such a possibility, a recent study showed that a T cell receptor-like (TCLR) antibody, initially made for a wild-type antigen, was capable of discriminating between mutant p53 and wild-type p53, specifically killing more cancer cells expressing mutant p53 than wild-type p53 in vitro and inhibiting the tumour growth of mice injected with mutant p53 cancer cells than mice with wild-type p53 cancer cells. Thus, novel antibodies targeting mutant p53, but not the wild-type isoform, should be pursued in preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Xu Wang
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ken H. Young
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Yong Li
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Towards the overcoming of anticancer drug resistance mediated by p53 mutations. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 49:100671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
24
|
Dalle Fratte C, Guardascione M, De Mattia E, Borsatti E, Boschetto R, Farruggio A, Canzonieri V, Romanato L, Borsatti R, Gagno S, Marangon E, Polano M, Buonadonna A, Toffoli G, Cecchin E. Clonal Selection of a Novel Deleterious TP53 Somatic Mutation Discovered in ctDNA of a KIT/PDGFRA Wild-Type Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Resistant to Imatinib. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:36. [PMID: 32116712 PMCID: PMC7019050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard of care for the first-line treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is represented by imatinib, which is given daily at a standard dosage until tumor progression. Resistance to imatinib commonly occurs through the clonal selection of genetic mutations in the tumor DNA, and an increase in imatinib dosage was demonstrated to be efficacious to overcome imatinib resistance. Wild-type GISTs, which do not display KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mutations, are usually primarily insensitive to imatinib and tend to rapidly relapse in course of treatment. Here we report the case of a 53-year-old male patient with gastric GIST who primarily did not respond to imatinib and that, despite the administration of an increased imatinib dose, led to patient death. By using a deep next-generation sequencing barcode-aware approach, we analyzed a panel of actionable cancer-related genes in the patient cfDNA to investigate somatic changes responsible for imatinib resistance. We identified, in two serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) samples, a sharp increase in the allele frequency of a never described TP53 mutation (c.560-7_560-2delCTCTTAinsT) located in a splice acceptor site and responsible for a protein loss of function. The same TP53 mutation was retrospectively identified in the primary tumor by digital droplet PCR at a subclonal frequency (0.1%). The mutation was detected at a very high allelic frequency (99%) in the metastatic hepatic lesion, suggesting a rapid clonal selection of the mutation during tumor progression. Imatinib plasma concentration at steady state was above the threshold of 760 ng/ml reported in the literature for the minimum efficacious concentration. The de novo TP53 (c.560-7_560-2delCTCTTAinsT) mutation was in silico predicted to be associated with an aberrant RNA splicing and with an aggressive phenotype which might have contributed to a rapid disease spread despite the administration of an increased imatinib dosage. This result underlies the need of a better investigation upon the role of TP53 in the pathogenesis of GISTs and sustains the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in cfDNA for the identification of novel genetic markers in wild-type GISTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Dalle Fratte
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Michela Guardascione
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Eugenio Borsatti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Loredana Romanato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Rachele Borsatti
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara Gagno
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elena Marangon
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Polano
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Angela Buonadonna
- Medical Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bang S, Kaur S, Kurokawa M. Regulation of the p53 Family Proteins by the Ubiquitin Proteasomal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E261. [PMID: 31905981 PMCID: PMC6981958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and its homologues, p63 and p73, play a pivotal role in the regulation of the DNA damage response, cellular homeostasis, development, aging, and metabolism. A number of mouse studies have shown that a genetic defect in the p53 family could lead to spontaneous tumor development, embryonic lethality, or severe tissue abnormality, indicating that the activity of the p53 family must be tightly regulated to maintain normal cellular functions. While the p53 family members are regulated at the level of gene expression as well as post-translational modification, they are also controlled at the level of protein stability through the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway. Over the last 20 years, many ubiquitin E3 ligases have been discovered that directly promote protein degradation of p53, p63, and p73 in vitro and in vivo. Here, we provide an overview of such E3 ligases and discuss their roles and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; (S.B.); (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Modulation of proliferation factors in lung adenocarcinoma with an analysis of the transcriptional consequences of genomic EGFR activation. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6913-6933. [PMID: 31857847 PMCID: PMC6916753 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes of the pre-replication, pre-initiation and replisome complexes duplicate the genome from many sites once in a normal cell cycle. This study examines complex components in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) closely, correlating changes in the genome and transcriptome with proliferation and overall survival. Molecular subtypes (The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 2014) based on copy number, DNA methylation, and mRNA expression had variable proliferation levels, the highest correlating with decreased survival. A pattern of increased expression typified by POLE2 and POLQ was found for multiple replication factors over thirty-seven tumor types. EGFR altered cases unanticipatedly inversely correlated with proliferation factor expression in LUAD, Colon adenocarcinoma, and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia cell lines, but not in glioblastoma or breast cancer. Activation mutations did not uniformly correlate with proliferation, most cases were pre-metastatic. A gene expression profile was identified, and pathway involvement considered. Significantly, results suggest EGFR over expression and activation are early alterations that likely stall the replication complex through PCNA phosphorylation creating replication stress responsible for DNA damage response and further mutation, but does not promote increased proliferation itself. An argument is presented that the mechanism driving lethality in this tumor cohort could differ from over proliferation seen in other LUAD.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kontio JAJ, Sillanpää MJ. Scalable Nonparametric Prescreening Method for Searching Higher-Order Genetic Interactions Underlying Quantitative Traits. Genetics 2019; 213:1209-1224. [PMID: 31585953 PMCID: PMC6893368 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaussian process (GP)-based automatic relevance determination (ARD) is known to be an efficient technique for identifying determinants of gene-by-gene interactions important to trait variation. However, the estimation of GP models is feasible only for low-dimensional datasets (∼200 variables), which severely limits application of the GP-based ARD method for high-throughput sequencing data. In this paper, we provide a nonparametric prescreening method that preserves virtually all the major benefits of the GP-based ARD method and extends its scalability to the typical high-dimensional datasets used in practice. In several simulated test scenarios, the proposed method compared favorably with existing nonparametric dimension reduction/prescreening methods suitable for higher-order interaction searches. As a real-data example, the proposed method was applied to a high-throughput dataset downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) with measured expression levels of 16,976 genes (after preprocessing) from patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juho A J Kontio
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014, Finland and
| | - Mikko J Sillanpää
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014, Finland and
- Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nagler A, Vredevoogd DW, Alon M, Cheng PF, Trabish S, Kalaora S, Arafeh R, Goldin V, Levesque MP, Peeper DS, Samuels Y. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies FBXO42 involvement in resistance toward MEK inhibition in NRAS-mutant melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 33:334-344. [PMID: 31549767 PMCID: PMC7383499 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NRAS mutations are the most common alterations among RAS isoforms in cutaneous melanoma, with patients harboring these aggressive tumors having a poor prognosis and low survival rate. The main line of treatment for these patients is MAPK pathway‐targeted therapies, such as MEK inhibitors, but, unfortunately, the response to these inhibitors is variable due to tumor resistance. Identifying genetic modifiers involved in resistance toward MEK‐targeted therapy may assist in the development of new therapeutic strategies, enhancing treatment response and patient survival. Our whole‐genome CRISPR‐Cas9 knockout screen identified the target Kelch domain‐containing F‐Box protein 42 (FBXO42) as a factor involved in NRAS‐mutant melanoma‐acquired resistance to the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib. We further show that FBXO42, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is involved in the TAK1 signaling pathway, possibly prompting an increase in active P38. In addition, we demonstrate that combining trametinib with the TAK1 inhibitor, takinib, is a far more efficient treatment than trametinib alone in NRAS‐mutant melanoma cells. Our findings thus show a new pathway involved in NRAS‐mutant melanoma resistance and provide new opportunities for novel therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Nagler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David W Vredevoogd
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Trabish
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shelly Kalaora
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rand Arafeh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Victoria Goldin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fouad S, Wells OS, Hill MA, D'Angiolella V. Cullin Ring Ubiquitin Ligases (CRLs) in Cancer: Responses to Ionizing Radiation (IR) Treatment. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1144. [PMID: 31632280 PMCID: PMC6781834 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with ionizing radiation (IR) remains the cornerstone of therapy for multiple cancer types, including disseminated and aggressive diseases in the palliative setting. Radiotherapy efficacy could be improved in combination with drugs that regulate the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), many of which are currently being tested in clinical trials. The UPS operates through the covalent attachment of ATP-activated ubiquitin molecules onto substrates following the transfer of ubiquitin from an E1, to an E2, and then to the substrate via an E3 enzyme. The specificity of ubiquitin ligation is dictated by E3 ligases, which select substrates to be ubiquitylated. Among the E3s, cullin ring ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) represent prototypical multi-subunit E3s, which use the cullin subunit as a central assembling scaffold. CRLs have crucial roles in controlling the cell cycle, hypoxia signaling, reactive oxygen species clearance and DNA repair; pivotal factors regulating the cancer and normal tissue response to IR. Here, we summarize the findings on the involvement of CRLs in the response of cancer cells to IR, and we discuss the therapeutic approaches to target the CRLs which could be exploited in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahd Fouad
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Owen S Wells
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Hill
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li YR, Peng RR, Gao WY, Liu P, Chen LJ, Zhang XL, Zhang NN, Wang Y, Du L, Zhu FY, Wang LL, Li CR, Zeng WT, Li JM, Hu F, Zhang D, Yang ZX. The ubiquitin ligase KBTBD8 regulates PKM1 levels via Erk1/2 and Aurora A to ensure oocyte quality. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:1110-1128. [PMID: 30786262 PMCID: PMC6402520 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tight control of energy metabolism is essential for normal cell function and organism survival. PKM (pyruvate kinase, muscle) isoforms 1 and 2 originate from alternative splicing of PKM pre-mRNA. They are key enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis, respectively, and are essential for ATP generation. The PKM1:PKM2 expression ratio changes with development and differentiation, and may also vary under metabolic stress and other conditions. Until now, there have been no reports about the function and regulation of PKM isozymes in oocytes. Here, we demonstrate that PKM1 or PKM2 depletion significantly disrupts ATP levels and mitochondrial integrity, and exacerbates free-radical generation and apoptosis in mouse oocytes. We also show that KBTBD8, a female fertility factor in the KBTBD ubiquitin ligase family, selectively regulates PKM1 levels through a signaling cascade that includes Erk1/2 and Aurora A kinases as intermediates. Finally, using RNA sequencing and protein network analysis, we identify several regulatory proteins that may be govern generation of mature PKM1 mRNA. These results suggest KBTBD8 affects PKM1 levels in oocytes via a KBTBD8→Erk1/2→Aurora A axis, and may also affect other essential processes involved in maintaining oocyte quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Li
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Equal contribution
| | - Rui-Rui Peng
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Equal contribution
| | - Wen-Yi Gao
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Equal contribution
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Reproductive Medical Center, Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Equal contribution
| | - Liang-Jian Chen
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Equal contribution
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Equal contribution
| | - Na-Na Zhang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lei Du
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Center for Medical Experiments, Third Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Yu Zhu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Rong Li
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Tao Zeng
- Animal Core Facility, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Min Li
- Animal Core Facility, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fan Hu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xia Yang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
O'Connor HF, Huibregtse JM. Enzyme-substrate relationships in the ubiquitin system: approaches for identifying substrates of ubiquitin ligases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3363-3375. [PMID: 28455558 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation is an important post-translational modification, regulating aspects of virtually every biochemical pathway in eukaryotic cells. Hundreds of enzymes participate in the conjugation and deconjugation of ubiquitin, as well as the recognition, signaling functions, and degradation of ubiquitylated proteins. Regulation of ubiquitylation is most commonly at the level of recognition of substrates by E3 ubiquitin ligases. Characterization of the network of E3-substrate relationships is a major goal and challenge in the field, as this expected to yield fundamental biological insights and opportunities for drug development. There has been remarkable success in identifying substrates for some E3 ligases, in many instances using the standard protein-protein interaction techniques (e.g., two-hybrid screens and co-immunoprecipitations paired with mass spectrometry). However, some E3s have remained refractory to characterization, while others have simply not yet been studied due to the sheer number and diversity of E3s. This review will discuss the range of tools and techniques that can be used for substrate profiling of E3 ligases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazel F O'Connor
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jon M Huibregtse
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou Y, Lin S, Tseng KF, Han K, Wang Y, Gan ZH, Min DL, Hu HY. Selumetinib suppresses cell proliferation, migration and trigger apoptosis, G1 arrest in triple-negative breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:818. [PMID: 27769200 PMCID: PMC5073736 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has aggressive progression with poor prognosis and ineffective treatments. Selumetinib is an allosteric, ATP-noncompetitive inhibitor of MEK1/2, which has benn known as effective antineoplastic drugs for several malignant tumors. We hypothesized that Selumetinib might be potential drug for TNBC and explore the mechanism. METHODS After treated with Selumetinib, the viability and mobility of HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231 were detected by MTT, tunnel, wound-healing assay, transwell assay and FCM methods. MiR array was used to analysis the change of miRs. We predicted and verified CUL1 is the target of miR-302a using Luciferase reporter assay. We also silenced the CUL1 by siRNA, to clarify whether CUL1 take part in the cell proliferation, migration and regulated its substrate TIMP1 and TRAF2. Moreover, after transfection, the antagomir of miR-302a and CUL1 over-expressed plasmid into HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231 cell accompanied with the Selumetinib treatment, we detected the proliferation and migration again. RESULTS Selumetinib reduce the proliferation, migration, triggered apoptosis and G1 arrest in TNBC cell lines. In this process, the miR-302a was up-regulated and inhibited the CUL1 expression. The later negatively regulated the TIMP1 and TRAF2. As soon as we knockdown miR-302a and over-expression CUL1 in TNBC cells, the cytotoxicity of Selumetinib was reversed. CONCLUSIONS MiR-302a targeted regulated the CUL1 expression and mediated the Selumetinib-induced cytotoxicity of triple-negative breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Shuchen Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Kuo-Fu Tseng
- Biophysics Department of Oregan State University, ALS-2139, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Zhi-hua Gan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Da-liu Min
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
- Biophysics Department of Oregan State University, ALS-2139, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA
| | - Hai-yan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Toledo CM, Ding Y, Hoellerbauer P, Davis RJ, Basom R, Girard EJ, Lee E, Corrin P, Hart T, Bolouri H, Davison J, Zhang Q, Hardcastle J, Aronow BJ, Plaisier CL, Baliga NS, Moffat J, Lin Q, Li XN, Nam DH, Lee J, Pollard SM, Zhu J, Delrow JJ, Clurman BE, Olson JM, Paddison PJ. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screens Reveal Loss of Redundancy between PKMYT1 and WEE1 in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2425-2439. [PMID: 26673326 PMCID: PMC4691575 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify therapeutic targets for glioblastoma (GBM), we performed genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) screens in patient-derived GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) and human neural stem/progenitors (NSCs), non-neoplastic stem cell controls, for genes required for their in vitro growth. Surprisingly, the vast majority GSC-lethal hits were found outside of molecular networks commonly altered in GBM and GSCs (e.g., oncogenic drivers). In vitro and in vivo validation of GSC-specific targets revealed several strong hits, including the wee1-like kinase, PKMYT1/Myt1. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PKMYT1 acts redundantly with WEE1 to inhibit cyclin B-CDK1 activity via CDK1-Y15 phosphorylation and to promote timely completion of mitosis in NSCs. However, in GSCs, this redundancy is lost, most likely as a result of oncogenic signaling, causing GBM-specific lethality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Toledo
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yu Ding
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pia Hoellerbauer
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ryan J Davis
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ryan Basom
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Emily J Girard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eunjee Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Philip Corrin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Traver Hart
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto and Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1Z8, Canada
| | - Hamid Bolouri
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jerry Davison
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin Hardcastle
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto and Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1Z8, Canada
| | - Qi Lin
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44192, USA
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Edinburgh CRUK Cancer Research Centre and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeffery J Delrow
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bruce E Clurman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yan R, He L, Li Z, Han X, Liang J, Si W, Chen Z, Li L, Xie G, Li W, Wang P, Lei L, Zhang H, Pei F, Cao D, Sun L, Shang Y. SCF(JFK) is a bona fide E3 ligase for ING4 and a potent promoter of the angiogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. Genes Dev 2015; 29:672-85. [PMID: 25792601 PMCID: PMC4378198 DOI: 10.1101/gad.254292.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor ING4 (inhibitor of growth protein 4) is involved in various cellular processes by virtue of its epigenetic regulatory capability and through its positive regulation of p53 and negative regulation of NFκB. Yan et al. find that the F-box protein JFK targets ING4 for ubiquitination and degradation through assembly of an Skp1-Cul1-F-box (SCF) complex. JFK-mediated ING4 destabilization leads to the hyperactivation of the canonical NFκB pathway and promotes angiogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. Loss of function/dysregulation of inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) and hyperactivation of NF-κB are frequent events in many types of human malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these remarkable aberrations are not understood. Here, we report that ING4 is physically associated with JFK. We demonstrated that JFK targets ING4 for ubiquitination and degradation through assembly of an Skp1–Cul1–F-box (SCF) complex. We showed that JFK-mediated ING4 destabilization leads to the hyperactivation of the canonical NF-κB pathway and promotes angiogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. Significantly, the expression of JFK is markedly up-regulated in breast cancer, and the level of JFK is negatively correlated with that of ING4 and positively correlated with an aggressive clinical behavior of breast carcinomas. Our study identified SCFJFK as a bona fide E3 ligase for ING4 and unraveled the JFK–ING4–NF-κB axis as an important player in the development and progression of breast cancer, supporting the pursuit of JFK as a potential target for breast cancer intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruorong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenzhe Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guojia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wanjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liandi Lei
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Pei
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dengfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Yongfeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Heo J, Eki R, Abbas T. Deregulation of F-box proteins and its consequence on cancer development, progression and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 36:33-51. [PMID: 26432751 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
F-box proteins are substrate receptors of the SCF (SKP1-Cullin 1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase that play important roles in a number of physiological processes and activities. Through their ability to assemble distinct E3 ubiquitin ligases and target key regulators of cellular activities for ubiquitylation and degradation, this versatile group of proteins is able to regulate the abundance of cellular proteins whose deregulated expression or activity contributes to disease. In this review, we describe the important roles of select F-box proteins in regulating cellular activities, the perturbation of which contributes to the initiation and progression of a number of human malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Heo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rebeka Eki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tarek Abbas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen Z, Sui J, Zhang F, Zhang C. Cullin family proteins and tumorigenesis: genetic association and molecular mechanisms. J Cancer 2015; 6:233-42. [PMID: 25663940 PMCID: PMC4317758 DOI: 10.7150/jca.11076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin family proteins function as scaffolds to form numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases with RING proteins, adaptor proteins and substrate recognition receptors. These E3 ligases further recognize numerous substrates to participate in a variety of cellular processes, such as DNA damage and repair, cell death and cell cycle progression. Clinically, cullin-associated E3 ligases have been identified to involve numerous human diseases, especially with regard to multiple cancer types. Over the past few years, our understanding of cullin proteins and their functions in genome stability and tumorigenesis has expanded enormously. Herein, this review briefly provides current perspectives on cullin protein functions, and mainly summarizes and discusses molecular mechanisms of cullin proteins in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- 1. Orthopedics Department, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Jie Sui
- 2. Orthopedics Department, 102 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China, 213003
| | - Fan Zhang
- 1. Orthopedics Department, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Caiguo Zhang
- 3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Seifi-Alan M, Shamsi R, Ghafouri-Fard S, Mirfakhraie R, Zare-Abdollahi D, Movafagh A, Modarressi MH, Kazemi G, Geranpayeh L, Najafi-Ashtiani M. Expression analysis of two cancer-testis genes, FBXO39 and TDRD4, in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:6625-9. [PMID: 24377578 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for one third of new cancer cases among women. The need for biomarkers for early detection is the stimulus to researchers to evaluate altered expression of genes in tumours. Cancer-testis (CT) genes are a group with limited expression in normal tissues except testis but up-regulation in a wide variety of cancers. We here evaluated expression of two CT genes named FBXO39 and TDRD4 in 32 invasive ductal carcinoma samples, 10 fibroadenomas and 6 normal breast tissue samples, in addition to two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, by the means of quantitative real time RT-PCR. FBXO39 showed significant up-regulation in invasive ductal carcinoma samples in comparison with normal samples. It also was expressed in both cell lines and after RHOXF1 gene knock down it was down-regulated in MCF-7 but up-regulated in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. TDRD4 was not expressed in the MCF-7 cell line and any of the tissue samples except testis. However, it was expressed in MDA-MB-231 and was up-regulated after RHOXF1 gene knock down. Our results show that FBXO39 but not TDRD4 can be used for cancer detection and if proved to be immunogenic, might be a putative candidate for breast cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Seifi-Alan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mechanisms of p53 degradation. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 438:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
39
|
Rama Reddy NR, Ragimasalawada M, Sabbavarapu MM, Nadoor S, Patil JV. Detection and validation of stay-green QTL in post-rainy sorghum involving widely adapted cultivar, M35-1 and a popular stay-green genotype B35. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:909. [PMID: 25326366 PMCID: PMC4219115 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important dry-land cereal of the world providing food, fodder, feed and fuel. Stay-green (delayed-leaf senescence) is a key attribute in sorghum determining its adaptation to terminal drought stress. The objective of this study was to validate sorghum stay-green quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified in the past, and to identify new QTL in the genetic background of a post-rainy adapted genotype M35-1. RESULTS A genetic linkage map based on 245 F9 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) derived from a cross between M35-1 (more senescent) and B35 (less senescent) with 237 markers consisting of 174 genomic, 60 genic and 3 morphological markers was used. The phenotypic data collected for three consecutive post-rainy crop seasons on the RIL population (M35-1 × B35) was used for QTL analysis. Sixty-one QTL were identified for various measures of stay-green trait and each trait was controlled by one to ten QTL. The phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 3.8 to 18.7%. Co-localization of QTL for more than five traits was observed on two linkage groups i.e. on SBI-09-3 flanked by S18 and Xgap206 markers and, on SBI-03 flanked by XnhsbSFCILP67 and Xtxp31. QTL identified in this study were stable across environments and corresponded to sorghum stay-green and grain yield QTL reported previously. Of the 60 genic SSRs mapped, 14 were closely linked with QTL for ten traits. A genic marker, XnhsbSFCILP67 (Sb03g028240) encoding Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.5, was co-located with QTL for GLB, GLM, PGLM and GLAM on SBI-03. Genes underlying key enzymes of chlorophyll metabolism were also found in the stay-green QTL regions. CONCLUSIONS We validated important stay-green QTL reported in the past in sorghum and detected new QTL influencing the stay-green related traits consistently. Stg2, Stg3 and StgB were prominent in their expression. Collectively, the QTL/markers identified are likely candidates for subsequent verification for their involvement in stay-green phenotype using NILs and to develop drought tolerant sorghum varieties through marker-assisted breeding for terminal drought tolerance in sorghum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Reddy Rama Reddy
- />Marker-assisted selection Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Sorghum Research (DSR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
- />ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (DMAPR), Anand, Gujarat 387 310 India
| | - Madhusudhana Ragimasalawada
- />Marker-assisted selection Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Sorghum Research (DSR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| | - Murali Mohan Sabbavarapu
- />Marker-assisted selection Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Sorghum Research (DSR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| | - Seetharama Nadoor
- />Marker-assisted selection Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Sorghum Research (DSR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| | - Jagannatha Vishnu Patil
- />Marker-assisted selection Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Sorghum Research (DSR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
MEK inhibitor effective against proliferation in breast cancer cell. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9269-79. [PMID: 24938872 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeted small-molecule drug AZD6244 is an allosteric, ATP-noncompetitive inhibitor of MEK1/2 that has shown activity against several malignant tumors. Here, we report that AZD6244 repressed cell growth and induced apoptosis and G1-phase arrest in the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937. Using microRNA (miRNA) arrays and quantitative RT-PCR, we found that miR-203 was up-regulated after AZD6244 treatment. In accordance with bioinformatics and luciferase activity analyses, CUL1 was found to be the direct target of miR-203. Furthermore, miR-203 inhibition and CUL1 overexpression reversed the cytotoxicity of AZD6244 on the MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 cells. Collectively, our data indicate that miR-203 mediates the AZD6244-induced cytotoxicity of breast cancer cells and that the MEK/ERK/miR-203/CUL1 signaling pathway may participate in this process.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang F, He L, Huangyang P, Liang J, Si W, Yan R, Han X, Liu S, Gui B, Li W, Miao D, Jing C, Liu Z, Pei F, Sun L, Shang Y. JMJD6 promotes colon carcinogenesis through negative regulation of p53 by hydroxylation. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001819. [PMID: 24667498 PMCID: PMC3965384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 hydroxylation by JMJD6 represents a novel post-translational modification for p53. JMJD6-mediated hydroxylation regulates p53's transcriptional activity and the p53-dependent control of colon cancer. Jumonji domain-containing 6 (JMJD6) is a member of the Jumonji C domain-containing family of proteins. Compared to other members of the family, the cellular activity of JMJD6 is still not clearly defined and its biological function is still largely unexplored. Here we report that JMJD6 is physically associated with the tumor suppressor p53. We demonstrated that JMJD6 acts as an α-ketoglutarate– and Fe(II)-dependent lysyl hydroxylase to catalyze p53 hydroxylation. We found that p53 indeed exists as a hydroxylated protein in vivo and that the hydroxylation occurs mainly on lysine 382 of p53. We showed that JMJD6 antagonizes p53 acetylation, promotes the association of p53 with its negative regulator MDMX, and represses transcriptional activity of p53. Depletion of JMJD6 enhances p53 transcriptional activity, arrests cells in the G1 phase, promotes cell apoptosis, and sensitizes cells to DNA damaging agent-induced cell death. Importantly, knockdown of JMJD6 represses p53-dependent colon cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in vivo, and significantly, the expression of JMJD6 is markedly up-regulated in various types of human cancer especially in colon cancer, and high nuclear JMJD6 protein is strongly correlated with aggressive clinical behaviors of colon adenocarcinomas. Our results reveal a novel posttranslational modification for p53 and support the pursuit of JMJD6 as a potential biomarker for colon cancer aggressiveness and a potential target for colon cancer intervention. JMJD6 belongs to the Jumonji C domain-containing family of proteins. The majority of this family are histone demethylases implicated in chromatin-associated events, but there have also been some reports of lysyl hydroxylase activity for JMJD6. Here we report a new posttranslational modification for the tumor suppressor protein p53 that is mediated by JMJD6. Via a physical associations with p53, JMJD6 catalyzes the hydroxylation of p53, thereby repressing its transcriptional activity. Depletion of JMJD6 promotes cell apoptosis, arrests cells in the G1 phase, sensitizes cells to DNA damaging agent-induced cell death, and represses p53-dependent colon cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Significantly, the expression of JMJD6 is markedly up-regulated in various types of human cancer especially in colon cancer, and high nuclear JMJD6 protein is strongly correlated with aggressive clinical behaviors of colon adenocarcinomas. Our results support the pursuit of JMJD6 as a potential biomarker for colon cancer aggressiveness and a potential target for colon cancer intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Peiwei Huangyang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhe Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruorong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shumeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Di Miao
- Proteomics Facility, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, The Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, The Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pei
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (L.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yongfeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (L.S.); (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Delgado O, Batten KG, Richardson JA, Xie XJ, Gazdar AF, Kaisani AA, Girard L, Behrens C, Suraokar M, Fasciani G, Wright WE, Story MD, Wistuba II, Minna JD, Shay JW. Radiation-enhanced lung cancer progression in a transgenic mouse model of lung cancer is predictive of outcomes in human lung and breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:1610-22. [PMID: 24486591 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carcinogenesis is an adaptive process between nascent tumor cells and their microenvironment, including the modification of inflammatory responses from antitumorigenic to protumorigenic. Radiation exposure can stimulate inflammatory responses that inhibit or promote carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of radiation exposure on lung cancer progression in vivo and assess the relevance of this knowledge to human carcinogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN K-ras(LA1) mice were irradiated with various doses and dose regimens and then monitored until death. Microarray analyses were performed using Illumina BeadChips on whole lung tissue 70 days after irradiation with a fractionated or acute dose of radiation and compared with age-matched unirradiated controls. Unique group classifiers were derived by comparative genomic analysis of three experimental cohorts. Survival analyses were performed using principal component analysis and k-means clustering on three lung adenocarcinoma, three breast adenocarcinoma, and two lung squamous carcinoma annotated microarray datasets. RESULTS Radiation exposure accelerates lung cancer progression in the K-ras(LA1) lung cancer mouse model with dose fractionation being more permissive for cancer progression. A nonrandom inflammatory signature associated with this progression was elicited from whole lung tissue containing only benign lesions and predicts human lung and breast cancer patient survival across multiple datasets. Immunohistochemical analyses suggest that tumor cells drive predictive signature. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that radiation exposure can cooperate with benign lesions in a transgenic model of cancer by affecting inflammatory pathways, and that clinically relevant similarities exist between human lung and breast carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Delgado
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell Biology; Pathology; Molecular Biology; Plastic Surgery; and Clinical Sciences; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology; Departments of Internal Medicine; Pharmacology; and Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology; and Translational Molecular Pathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hock AK, Vousden KH. The role of ubiquitin modification in the regulation of p53. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:137-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
44
|
Genetic analysis of the FBXO42 gene in Chinese Han patients with Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol 2013; 13:125. [PMID: 24063688 PMCID: PMC3848964 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The clinical manifestations of PD encompass a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. Mutations in the F-box protein 7 gene (FBXO7) have been identified to cause Parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome, an autosomal recessive form of Parkinsonism. The F-box protein 42 gene (FBXO42), a paralog of the FBXO7 gene, is involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system that may play a role in the pathogenesis of PD. Methods To determine whether the FBXO42 gene is associated with PD, we performed a systematic genetic analysis of the FBXO42 gene in 316 PD patients and 295 gender-, age-, and ethnicity-matched normal controls. Results We identified a novel variant c.1407T>C (p.S469S) and three known single nucleotide variants, including rs2273311, rs12069239 and rs35196193 in the FBXO42 gene in PD patient group. None of the three known variants displayed statistically significant difference in either genotypic or allelic distributions between patient and control groups (all P > 0.05). Haplotype analysis showed that a common haplotype (G-C-G) for the three single nucleotide variants conferred a 1.69-fold increased risk for PD (P = 0.008 after Bonferroni correction, OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.06-2.71). Conclusions Our findings suggest that a haplotype of the FBXO42 gene might be associated with a higher susceptibility to PD.
Collapse
|
45
|
Takahara M, Magori S, Soyano T, Okamoto S, Yoshida C, Yano K, Sato S, Tabata S, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Takeda N, Suzaki T, Kawaguchi M. Too much love, a novel Kelch repeat-containing F-box protein, functions in the long-distance regulation of the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:433-47. [PMID: 23390201 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of legumes with N2-fixing bacteria collectively called rhizobia results in root nodule development. The number of nodules formed is tightly restricted through the systemic negative feedback control by the host called autoregulation of nodulation (AON). Here, we report the characterization and gene identification of TOO MUCH LOVE (TML), a root factor that acts during AON in a model legume Lotus japonicus. In our genetic analyses using another root-regulated hypernodulation mutant, plenty, the tml-1 plenty double mutant showed additive effects on the nodule number, whereas the tml-1 har1-7 double mutant did not, suggesting that TML and PLENTY act in different genetic pathways and that TML and HAR1 act in the same genetic pathway. The systemic suppression of nodule formation by CLE-RS1/RS2 overexpression was not observed in the tml mutant background, indicating that TML acts downstream of CLE-RS1/RS2. The tml-1 Snf2 double mutant developed an excessive number of spontaneous nodules, indicating that TML inhibits nodule organogenesis. Together with the determination of the deleted regions in tml-1/-2/-3, the fine mapping of tml-4 and the next-generation sequencing analysis, we identified a nonsense mutation in the Kelch repeat-containing F-box protein. As the gene knockdown of the candidate drastically increased the number of nodules, we concluded that it should be the causative gene. An expression analysis revealed that TML is a root-specific gene. In addition, the activity of ProTML-GUS was constitutively detected in the root tip and in the nodules/nodule primordia upon rhizobial infection. In conclusion, TML is a root factor acting at the final stage of AON.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Takahara
- Department of Basic Biology in the School of Life Science of the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Satija YK, Bhardwaj A, Das S. A portrayal of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitylases in cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2759-68. [PMID: 23436247 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) are the key components of ubiquitin proteasome system which plays a critical role in cellular protein homeostasis. Any shortcoming in their biological roles can lead to various diseases including cancer. The dynamic interplay between ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation determines the level and activity of several proteins including p53, which is crucial for cellular stress response and tumor suppression pathways. In this review, we describe the different types of E3 ubiquitin ligases including those targeting tumor suppressor p53, SCF ligases and RING type ligases and accentuate on biological functions of few important E3 ligases in the cellular regulatory networks. Tumor suppressor p53 level is tightly regulated by multiple E3 ligases including Mdm2, COP1, Pirh2, etc. SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes are key regulators of cell cycle and signal transduction. BRCA1 and VHL RING type ligases function as tumor suppressors and play an important role in DNA repair and hypoxia response respectively. Further, we discuss the biological consequences of deregulation of the E3 ligases and the implications for cancer development. We also describe deubiquitylases which reverse the process of ubiquitylation and regulate diverse cellular pathways including metabolism, cell cycle control and chromatin remodelling. As the E3 ubiquitin ligases and DUBs work in a substrate specific manner, an improved understanding of them can lead to better therapeutics for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yatendra Kumar Satija
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Love IM, Grossman SR. It Takes 15 to Tango: Making Sense of the Many Ubiquitin Ligases of p53. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:249-63. [PMID: 23150758 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912455198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 regulates numerous cellular processes to guard against tumorigenesis. Cell-cycle inhibition, apoptosis, and autophagy are all regulated by p53 in a cell- and context-specific manner, underscoring the need for p53 activity to be kept low in most circumstances. p53 is kept in check primarily through its regulated ubiquitination and degradation by a number of different factors, whose contributions may reflect complex context-specific needs to restrain p53 activity. Chief among these E3 ubiquitin ligases in p53 homeostasis is the ubiquitously expressed proto-oncogene MDM2, whose loss renders vertebrates unable to limit p53 activity, resulting in early embryonic lethality. MDM2 has been validated as a critical, universal E3 ubiquitin ligase for p53 in numerous tissues and organisms to date, but additional E3 ligases have also been identified for p53 whose contribution to p53 activity is unclear. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our knowledge regarding how p53 activity is apparently controlled by a multitude of ubiquitin ligases beyond MDM2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Love
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lee SW, Seong MW, Jeon YJ, Chung CH. Ubiquitin E3 ligases controlling p53 stability. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2012.688769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
49
|
Mdm2 and MdmX partner to regulate p53. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1390-6. [PMID: 22673503 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mdm2 regulates the stability, translation, subcellular localization and transcriptional activity of p53 protein. Mdm2-dependent p53 inhibition is essential in regulating p53 activity during embryonic development and in adult tissues. MdmX, an Mdm2 homolog, is also essential for p53 inhibition in vivo. Recent advances in the field from biochemical and genetic studies have revealed an essential role for the MdmX RING domain in Mdm2-dependent p53 polyubiquitination and degradation. Mdm2 on its own is a monoubiquitin E3 ligase for p53, but is converted to a p53 polyubiquitin E3 ligase by MdmX through their RING-RING domain interactions. MdmX acts as an activator as well as a substrate of Mdm2/MdmX E3 complex. The insufficiency of Mdm2 for p53 polyubiquitination also demands other p53 E3 ligases or E4 factors be incorporated into the p53 degradation arena. Deubiquitinases nullify the effects of E3 actions and reverse the ubiquitination process, which permits a diverse and dynamic pattern of p53 stability control. Unsurprisingly, stress signals target MdmX to disengage the p53/Mdm2 feedback loop for timely and appropriate p53 responses to these stresses.
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang D, Liang J, Zhang Y, Gui B, Wang F, Yi X, Sun L, Yao Z, Shang Y. Steroid receptor coactivator-interacting protein (SIP) inhibits caspase-independent apoptosis by preventing apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from being released from mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:12612-21. [PMID: 22371500 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.334151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a caspase-independent death effector. Normally residing in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, AIF is released and translocated to the nucleus in response to proapoptotic stimuli. Nuclear AIF binds to DNA and induces chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, characteristics of apoptosis. Until now, it remained to be clarified how the mitochondrial-nuclear translocation of AIF is regulated. Here we report that steroid receptor coactivator-interacting protein (SIP) interacts directly with AIF in mitochondria and specifically inhibits caspase-independent and AIF-dependent apoptosis. Challenging cells with apoptotic stimuli leads to rapid degradation of SIP, and subsequently AIF is liberated from mitochondria and translocated to the nucleus to induce apoptosis. Together, our data demonstrate that SIP is a novel regulator in caspase-independent and AIF-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|