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Zhang R, Zhang W, Wang C, Wen CK. Arabidopsis Fhit-like tumor suppressor resumes early terminated constitutive triple response1-10 mRNA translation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2073-2093. [PMID: 38563472 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) constitutive triple response1-10 (ctr1-10) mutant produces a reduced level of CTR1 protein and exhibits a weak ctr1 mutant phenotype. Sequence analysis revealed highly active translation of the upstream open reading frame (uORF) at the extended 5'-UTR of the ctr1-10 mRNA, resulting from T-DNA insertion. Enhancer screening for ctr1-10 isolated the fragile histidine triad-1 (fhit-1) mutation. The fhit-1 ctr1-10 mutant phenotypically resembled strong ctr1 mutants and barely produced CTR1, and the fhit-1 mutation reduced the translation efficiency of ctr1-10 but not that of CTR1 mRNA. The human (Homo sapiens) Fhit that involves tumorigenesis and genome instability has the in vitro dinucleotide 5',5'″-P1, P3-triphosphate hydrolase activity, and expression of the human HsFHIT or the hydrolase-defective HsFHITH96N transgene reversed the fhit-1 ctr1-10 mutant phenotype and restored CTR1 levels. Genetic editing that in situ disrupts individual upstream ATG codons proximal to the ctr1-10 mORF elevated CTR1 levels in ctr1-10 plants independent of FHIT. EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR3G (eIF3G), which is involved in translation and reinitiation, interacted with FHIT, and both were associated with the polysome. We propose that FHIT resumes early terminated ctr1-10 mORF translation in the face of active and complex uORF translation. Our study unveils a niche that may lead to investigations on the molecular mechanism of Fhit-like proteins in translation reinitiation. The biological significance of FHIT-regulated translation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenrunshu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chi-Kuang Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Simón-Carrasco L, Pietrini E, López-Contreras AJ. Integrated analysis of FHIT gene alterations in cancer. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:92-113. [PMID: 38234243 PMCID: PMC11005815 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2304509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Fragile Histidine Triad Diadenosine Triphosphatase (FHIT) gene is located in the Common Fragile Site FRA3B and encodes an enzyme that hydrolyzes the dinucleotide Ap3A. Although FHIT loss is one of the most frequent copy number alterations in cancer, its relevance for cancer initiation and progression remains unclear. FHIT is frequently lost in cancers from the digestive tract, which is compatible with being a cancer driver event in these tissues. However, FHIT loss could also be a passenger event due to the inherent fragility of the FRA3B locus. Moreover, the physiological relevance of FHIT enzymatic activity and the levels of Ap3A is largely unclear. We have conducted here a systematic pan-cancer analysis of FHIT status in connection with other mutations and phenotypic alterations, and we have critically discussed our findings in connection with the literature to provide an overall view of FHIT implications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Simón-Carrasco
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Sevilla - Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Pietrini
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Sevilla - Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Andrés J. López-Contreras
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Sevilla - Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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3
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Xu T, Li ZY, Liu M, Zhang SB, Ding HH, Wu JY, Lin SY, Liu J, Wei JY, Zhang XQ, Xin WJ. CircFhit Modulates GABAergic Synaptic Transmission via Regulating the Parental Gene Fhit Expression in the Spinal Dorsal Horn in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:947-961. [PMID: 36637791 PMCID: PMC10264304 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-01014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective treatments for neuropathic pain are lacking due to our limited understanding of the mechanisms. The circRNAs are mainly enriched in the central nervous system. However, their function in various physiological and pathological conditions have yet to be determined. Here, we identified circFhit, an exon-intron circRNA expressed in GABAergic neurons, which reduced the inhibitory synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn to mediate spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Moreover, we found that circFhit decreased the expression of GAD65 and induced hyperexcitation in NK1R+ neurons by promoting the expression of its parental gene Fhit in cis. Mechanistically, circFhit was directly bound to the intronic region of Fhit, and formed a circFhit/HNRNPK complex to promote Pol II phosphorylation and H2B monoubiquitination by recruiting CDK9 and RNF40 to the Fhit intron. In summary, we revealed that the exon-intron circFhit contributes to GABAergic neuron-mediated NK1R+ neuronal hyperexcitation and neuropathic pain via regulating Fhit in cis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Neuroscience Program of Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- Neuroscience Program of Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Su-Bo Zhang
- Neuroscience Program of Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huan-Huan Ding
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Jia-Yan Wu
- Neuroscience Program of Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Su-Yan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jia-You Wei
- Neuroscience Program of Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) and School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Xin
- Neuroscience Program of Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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4
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Daba MY, Fan Z, Li Q, Yuan X, Liu B. The Role of Calcium Channels in Prostate Cancer Progression and Potential as a Druggable Target for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 186:104014. [PMID: 37119879 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most diagnosed cancer among men. Discovering novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets are critical. Calcium signaling has been implicated in PCa progression and development of treatment resistance. Altered modification of Ca2+ flows leads to serious pathophysiological processes, such as malignant transformation, tumor proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, evasion of apoptosis, and treatment resistance. Calcium channels control and contribute to these processes. PCa has shown defective Ca2+ channels, which subsequently promotes tumor metastasis and growth. Store-operated Ca2+ entry channels such as Orai and STIM channels and transient receptor potential channels play a significant role in PCa pathogenesis. Pharmacological modulation of these calcium channels or pumps has been suggested as a practical approach. In this review, we discuss the role of calcium channels in PCa development and progression, and we identify current novel discoveries of drugs that target specific calcium channels for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motuma Yigezu Daba
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhijie Fan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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5
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Mao JT, Xue B, Lu QY, Lundmark L, Burns W, Yang J, Lee RP, Glass J, Qualls C, Massie L. Combinations of grape seed procyanidin extract and milk thistle silymarin extract against lung cancer - The role of MiR-663a and FHIT. Life Sci 2023; 318:121492. [PMID: 36775115 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Grape seed procyanidin extract (GSE), and milk thistle silymarin extract (MTE) contain structurally distinct polyphenols, and each agent has been shown to exert antineoplastic effects against lung cancer. We hypothesize that combinations of GSE and MTE will additively enhance their anticancer effects against lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-proliferative effects of GSE, MTE and combinations were evaluated in lung neoplastic cell lines. A dose range finding (DRF) study to determine safety, bioavailability and bioactivity, followed by human lung cancer xenograft efficacy studies were conducted in female nude mice with once daily gavage of leucoselect phytosome (LP), a standardized GSE, and/or siliphos, a standardized MTE. The roles of tumor suppressors miR-663a and its predicted target FHIT in mediating the additive, anti-proliferative effecs of GSE/MTE were also assessed. KEY FINDINGS GSE with MTE additively inhibited lung preneoplastic and cancer cell proliferations. Mice tolerated all dosing regimens in the DRF study without signs of clinical toxicity nor histologic abnormalities in the lungs, livers and kidneys. Eight weeks of LP and siliphos additively inhibited lung tumor xenograft growth. Plasma GSE/metabolites and MTE/metabolites showed that the combinations did not decrease systemic bioavailabilities of each agent. GSE and MTE additively upregulated miR-663a and FHIT in lung cancer cell lines; transfection of antisense-miR-663a significantly abrogated the anti-proliferative effects of GSE/MTE, upregulation of FHIT mRNA and protein. LP and siliphos also additively increased miR-663a and FHIT protein in lung tumor xenografts. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings support clinical translations of combinations of GSE and MTE against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny T Mao
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Section, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America; Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, United states of America.
| | - Bingye Xue
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Section, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
| | - Qing-Yi Lu
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America
| | - Laurie Lundmark
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Services, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
| | - Windie Burns
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Services, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
| | - Jieping Yang
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America
| | - Ru-Po Lee
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Glass
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Services, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
| | - Clifford Qualls
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
| | - Larry Massie
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Services, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
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6
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Niu Z, Jiang D, Shen J, Liu W, Tan X, Cao G. Potential Role of the Fragile Histidine Triad in Cancer Evo-Dev. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041144. [PMID: 36831487 PMCID: PMC9954361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development follows an evolutionary pattern of "mutation-selection-adaptation" detailed by Cancer Evolution and Development (Cancer Evo-Dev), a theory that represents a process of accumulating somatic mutations due to the imbalance between the mutation-promoting force and the mutation-repairing force and retro-differentiation of the mutant cells to cancer initiation cells in a chronic inflammatory microenvironment. The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene is a tumor suppressor gene whose expression is often reduced or inactivated in precancerous lesions during chronic inflammation or virus-induced replicative stress. Here, we summarize evidence regarding the mechanisms by which the FHIT is inactivated in cancer, including the loss of heterozygosity and the promoter methylation, and characterizes the role of the FHIT in bridging macroevolution and microevolution and in facilitating retro-differentiation during cancer evolution and development. It is suggested that decreased FHIT expression is involved in several critical steps of Cancer Evo-Dev. Future research needs to focus on the role and mechanisms of the FHIT in promoting the transformation of pre-cancerous lesions into cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyun Niu
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Dongming Jiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jiaying Shen
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-81871060
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7
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Patergnani S, Bouhamida E, Leo S, Pinton P, Rimessi A. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and "Mito-Inflammation": Actors in the Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020216. [PMID: 33672477 PMCID: PMC7923430 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in mitochondrial redox homeostasis has been associated with the development of a wide range of inflammatory-related diseases. Continue discoveries demonstrate that mitochondria are pivotal elements to trigger inflammation and stimulate innate immune signaling cascades to intensify the inflammatory response at front of different stimuli. Here, we review the evidence that an exacerbation in the levels of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to mito-inflammation, a new concept that identifies the compartmentalization of the inflammatory process, in which the mitochondrion acts as central regulator, checkpoint, and arbitrator. In particular, we discuss how ROS contribute to specific aspects of mito-inflammation in different inflammatory-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Taken together, these observations indicate that mitochondrial ROS influence and regulate a number of key aspects of mito-inflammation and that strategies directed to reduce or neutralize mitochondrial ROS levels might have broad beneficial effects on inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Sara Leo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (P.P.)
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (P.P.)
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
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8
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Danese A, Marchi S, Vitto VAM, Modesti L, Leo S, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Cancer-Related Increases and Decreases in Calcium Signaling at the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Interface (MAMs). Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 185:153-193. [PMID: 32789789 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria regions are specialized subdomains called also mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). MAMs allow regulation of lipid synthesis and represent hubs for ion and metabolite signaling. As these two organelles can module both the amplitude and the spatiotemporal patterns of calcium (Ca2+) signals, this particular interaction controls several Ca2+-dependent pathways well known for their contribution to tumorigenesis, such as metabolism, survival, sensitivity to cell death, and metastasis. Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis arises from mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane, and the release of mitochondrial apoptotic factors into the cytosol. Decreases in Ca2+ signaling at the ER-mitochondria interface are being studied in depth as failure of apoptotic-dependent cell death is one of the predominant characteristics of cancer cells. However, some recent papers that linked MAMs Ca2+ crosstalk-related upregulation to tumor onset and progression have aroused the interest of the scientific community.In this review, we will describe how different MAMs-localized proteins modulate the effectiveness of Ca2+-dependent apoptotic stimuli by causing both increases and decreases in the ER-mitochondria interplay and, specifically, by modulating Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Danese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Angela Maria Vitto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Modesti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Leo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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9
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Rimessi A, Pedriali G, Vezzani B, Tarocco A, Marchi S, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Interorganellar calcium signaling in the regulation of cell metabolism: A cancer perspective. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:167-180. [PMID: 31108186 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Organelles were originally considered to be individual cellular compartments with a defined organization and function. However, recent studies revealed that organelles deeply communicate within each other via Ca2+ exchange. This communication, mediated by specialized membrane regions in close apposition between two organelles, regulate cellular functions, including metabolism and cell fate decisions. Advances in microscopy techniques, molecular biology and biochemistry have increased our understanding of these interorganelle platforms. Research findings suggest that interorganellar Ca2+ signaling, which is altered in cancer, influences tumorigenesis and tumor progression by controlling cell death programs and metabolism. Here, we summarize the available data on the existence and composition of interorganelle platforms connecting the endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria, the plasma membrane, or endolysosomes. Finally, we provide a timely overview of the potential function of interorganellar Ca2+ signaling in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rimessi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bianca Vezzani
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Tarocco
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital S. Anna Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Dept. of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy.
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10
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Marchi S, Vitto VAM, Danese A, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex modulation in cancerogenesis. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1068-1083. [PMID: 31032692 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1612698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrations in mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis have been associated with different pathological conditions, including neurological defects, cardiovascular diseases, and, in the last years, cancer. With the recent molecular identification of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, the channel that allows Ca2+ accumulation into the mitochondrial matrix, alterations in the expression levels or functioning in one or more MCU complex members have been linked to different cancers and cancer-related phenotypes. In this review, we will analyze the role of the uniporter and mitochondrial Ca2+ derangements in modulating cancer cell sensitivity to death, invasiveness, and migratory capacity, as well as cancer progression in vivo. We will also discuss some critical points and contradictory results to highlight the consequence of MCU complex modulation in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- a Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology , Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy.,b Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Veronica Angela Maria Vitto
- a Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology , Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Alberto Danese
- a Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology , Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Giorgi
- a Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology , Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- a Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology , Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy.,d Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 , Cotignola , Ravenna , Italy
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11
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Kerkhofs M, Bultynck G, Vervliet T, Monaco G. Therapeutic implications of novel peptides targeting ER-mitochondria Ca 2+-flux systems. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1092-1103. [PMID: 30910738 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+-flux systems located at the ER-mitochondrial axis govern mitochondrial Ca2+ balance and cell fate. Multiple yet incurable pathologies are characterized by insufficient or excessive Ca2+ fluxes toward the mitochondria, in turn leading to aberrant cell life or death dynamics. The discovery and ongoing molecular characterization of the main interorganellar Ca2+ gateways have resulted in a novel class of peptide tools able to regulate relevant protein-protein interactions (PPIs) underlying this signaling scenario. Here, we review peptides, molecularly derived from Ca2+-flux systems or their accessory proteins. We discuss how they alter Ca2+-signaling protein complexes and modulate cell survival in light of their forthcoming therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Kerkhofs
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tim Vervliet
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Monaco
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Druck T, Cheung DG, Park D, Trapasso F, Pichiorri F, Gaspari M, Palumbo T, Aqeilan RI, Gaudio E, Okumura H, Iuliano R, Raso C, Green K, Huebner K, Croce CM. Fhit-Fdxr interaction in the mitochondria: modulation of reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:147. [PMID: 30770797 PMCID: PMC6377664 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fhit protein is lost in cancers of most, perhaps all, cancer types; when restored, it can induce apoptosis and suppress tumorigenicity, as shown in vitro and in mouse tumor models in vivo. Following protein cross-linking and proteomics analyses, we characterized a Fhit protein complex involved in triggering Fhit-mediated apoptosis. The complex includes the heat-shock chaperonin pair, HSP60/10, which is likely involved in importing Fhit into the mitochondria, where it interacts with ferredoxin reductase, responsible for transferring electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 via ferredoxin, in electron transport chain complex III. Overexpression of Fhit protein in Fhit-deficient cancer cells modulates the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, causing increased ROS, following peroxide treatment, with subsequent increased apoptosis of lung cancer cells under oxidative stress conditions; conversely, Fhit-negative cells escape ROS overproduction and ROS-induced apoptosis, likely carrying oxidative damage. Thus, characterization of Fhit-interacting proteins has identified direct effectors of a Fhit-mediated apoptotic signal pathway that is lost in many cancers. This is of translational interest considering the very recent emphasis in a number of high-profile publications, concerning the role of oxidative phosphorylation in the treatment of human cancers, and especially cancer stem cells that rely upon oxidative phosphorylation for survival. Additionally, we have shown that cells from a Fhit-deficient lung cancer cell line, are sensitive to killing by exposure to atovaquone, thought to act as a selective oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor by targeting the CoQ10 dependence of the mitochondrial complex III, while the Fhit-expressing sister clone is resistant to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Druck
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Douglas G Cheung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dongju Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Tiziana Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale Preclinica e Clinica, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Okumura
- Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Cinzia Raso
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kari Green
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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13
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Jaquenod De Giusti C, Roman B, Das S. The Influence of MicroRNAs on Mitochondrial Calcium. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1291. [PMID: 30298016 PMCID: PMC6160583 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m) handling and energy deficiency results in cellular dysfunction and cell death. Recent studies suggest that nuclear-encoded microRNAs (miRNA) are able to translocate in to the mitochondrial compartment, and modulate mitochondrial activities, including [Ca2+]m uptake. Apart from this subset of miRNAs, there are several miRNAs that have been reported to target genes that play a role in maintaining [Ca2+]m levels in the cytoplasm. It is imperative to validate miRNAs that alter [Ca2+]m handling, and thereby alter cellular fate. The focus of this review is to highlight the mitochondrial miRNAs (MitomiRs), and other cytosolic miRNAs that target mRNAs which play an important role in [Ca2+]m handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Jaquenod De Giusti
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Barbara Roman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14
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Plasmodium falciparum histidine triad protein and calmodulin modulates calcium homeostasis and intracellular proteolysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:722-728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Giorgi C, Marchi S, Simoes IC, Ren Z, Morciano G, Perrone M, Patalas-Krawczyk P, Borchard S, Jȩdrak P, Pierzynowska K, Szymański J, Wang DQ, Portincasa P, Wȩgrzyn G, Zischka H, Dobrzyn P, Bonora M, Duszynski J, Rimessi A, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Dobrzyn A, Szabadkai G, Zavan B, Oliveira PJ, Sardao VA, Pinton P, Wieckowski MR. Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 340:209-344. [PMID: 30072092 PMCID: PMC8127332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been linked to several degenerative processes that, through the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage, can progressively lead to cell dysfunction and organ failure. Human aging is linked with a higher risk for individuals to develop cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. The understanding of the molecular basis of aging and associated diseases has been one major challenge of scientific research over the last decades. Mitochondria, the center of oxidative metabolism and principal site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, are crucial both in health and in pathogenesis of many diseases. Redox signaling is important for the modulation of cell functions and several studies indicate a dual role for ROS in cell physiology. In fact, high concentrations of ROS are pathogenic and can cause severe damage to cell and organelle membranes, DNA, and proteins. On the other hand, moderate amounts of ROS are essential for the maintenance of several biological processes, including gene expression. In this review, we provide an update regarding the key roles of ROS-mitochondria cross talk in different fundamental physiological or pathological situations accompanying aging and highlighting that mitochondrial ROS may be a decisive target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ines C.M. Simoes
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ziyu Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
- Maria Pia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paulina Patalas-Krawczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sabine Borchard
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paulina Jȩdrak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Jȩdrzej Szymański
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Q. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Grzegorz Wȩgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Departments of Cell Biology and Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jerzy Duszynski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Vilma A. Sardao
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Muallem S, Chung WY, Jha A, Ahuja M. Lipids at membrane contact sites: cell signaling and ion transport. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1893-1904. [PMID: 29030479 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between organelles is essential to coordinate cellular functions and the cell's response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Organellar communication occurs at membrane contact sites (MCSs), where the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is tethered to cellular organelle membranes by specific tether proteins and where lipid transfer proteins and cell signaling proteins are located. MCSs have many cellular functions and are the sites of lipid and ion transfer between organelles and generation of second messengers. This review discusses several aspects of MCSs in the context of lipid transfer, formation of lipid domains, generation of Ca2+ and cAMP second messengers, and regulation of ion transporters by lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Woo Young Chung
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Archana Jha
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Malini Ahuja
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Pedriali G, Rimessi A, Sbano L, Giorgi C, Wieckowski MR, Previati M, Pinton P. Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Ca 2+ Transfer and Its Importance for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2017; 7:180. [PMID: 28913175 PMCID: PMC5583168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-organelle membrane contact sites are emerging as major sites for the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and distribution. Here, extracellular stimuli operate on a wide array of channels, pumps, and ion exchangers to redistribute intracellular Ca2+ among several compartments. The resulting highly defined spatial and temporal patterns of Ca2+ movement can be used to elicit specific cellular responses, including cell proliferation, migration, or death. Plasma membrane (PM) also can directly contact mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through caveolae, small invaginations of the PM that ensure inter-organelle contacts, and can contribute to the regulation of numerous cellular functions through scaffolding proteins such as caveolins. PM and ER organize specialized junctions. Here, many components of the receptor-dependent Ca2+ signals are clustered, including the ORAI1-stromal interaction molecule 1 complex. This complex constitutes a primary mechanism for Ca2+ entry into non-excitable cells, modulated by intracellular Ca2+. Several contact sites between the ER and mitochondria, termed mitochondria-associated membranes, show a very complex and specialized structure and host a wide number of proteins that regulate Ca2+ transfer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the particular action of several oncogenes and tumor suppressors at these specialized check points and analyze anti-cancer therapies that specifically target Ca2+ flow at the inter-organelle contacts to alter the metabolism and fate of the cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pedriali
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Sbano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maurizio Previati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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18
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Shu R, He J, Wu C, Gao J. The association between RARβ and FHIT promoter methylation and the carcinogenesis of patients with cervical carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28639889 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317709126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The RARβ and FHIT promoter methylation are observed in some cervical carcinoma. However, the association between RARβ and FHIT promoter methylation and cervical carcinogenesis remains unclear. This study was carried out to evaluate the correlation between RARβ or FHIT promoter methylation and cervical carcinogenesis. Eligible publications were searched via online databases. The combined odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated and summarized. In all, 17 eligible articles on RARβ and FHIT promoter methylation were identified in the study. RARβ promoter methylation was significantly higher in cervical cancer than in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions and normal cervical tissues (odds ratio = 3.90, p = 0.018; odds ratio = 12.98, p < 0.001, respectively). There was more FHIT promoter methylation in cervical cancer than in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions and normal controls (odds ratio = 8.0, p = 0.055; odds ratio = 10.75, p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, FHIT promoter methylation was correlated with clinical stage (advanced stage vs early stage: odds ratio = 2.69, p = 0.056) and tumor grade (high grade vs low grade: odds ratio = 4.11, p < 0.001). RARβ and FHIT promoter methylation may be associated with the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. FHIT promoter methylation may play a crucial role in cervical cancer progression. Additional studies with large sample sizes are essential to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruming Shu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengzhen Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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19
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Marchi S, Patergnani S, Missiroli S, Morciano G, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis and cell death. Cell Calcium 2017; 69:62-72. [PMID: 28515000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria cannot be considered as static structures, as they intimately communicate, forming very dynamic platforms termed mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). In particular, the ER transmits proper Ca2+ signals to mitochondria, which decode them into specific inputs to regulate essential functions, including metabolism, energy production and apoptosis. Here, we will describe the different molecular players involved in the transfer of Ca2+ ions from the ER lumen to the mitochondrial matrix and how modifications in both ER-mitochondria contact sites and Ca2+ signaling can alter the cell death execution program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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20
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Ivanova H, Kerkhofs M, La Rovere RM, Bultynck G. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Fluxes Underlying Cancer Cell Survival. Front Oncol 2017; 7:70. [PMID: 28516062 PMCID: PMC5413502 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are crucial, ubiquitous, intracellular second messengers required for functional mitochondrial metabolism during uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. The mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are connected via “mitochondria-associated ER membranes” (MAMs) where ER–mitochondria Ca2+ transfer occurs, impacting the mitochondrial biology related to several aspects of cellular survival, autophagy, metabolism, cell death sensitivity, and metastasis, all cancer hallmarks. Cancer cells appear addicted to these constitutive ER–mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes for their survival, since they drive the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the production of mitochondrial substrates needed for nucleoside synthesis and proper cell cycle progression. In addition to this, the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and mitochondrial Ca2+ have been linked to hypoxia-inducible factor 1α signaling, enabling metastasis and invasion processes, but they can also contribute to cellular senescence induced by oncogenes and replication. Finally, proper ER–mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer seems to be a key event in the cell death response of cancer cells exposed to chemotherapeutics. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of ER–mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes underlying these cancer-related features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Ivanova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita M La Rovere
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Krakowiak A, Kocoń-Rębowska B, Dolot R, Piotrzkowska D. New interactions between tumor suppressor Fhit protein and a nonhydrolyzable analog of its A P4 A substrate. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:548-559. [PMID: 28094435 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fragile histidine triad protein (Fhit) is a protein which primarily hydrolyses dinucleoside polyphosphates. To investigate possible interactions between the protein and a substrate, we used a nonhydrolyzable phosphorothioate analog of Ap4 A, containing 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine instead of one adenosine residue. Photocrosslinking, followed by LC-MS experiments, determined a complex in which the probe was covalently linked to the NDSIYEELQK peptide (residues 110-119). The peptide was located within the 'disordered' region, which is invisible in the known crystal structures of Fhit. This invisible and flexible part seems to play a role in the stabilization of the Fhit-substrate complex, which may be important for its tumor suppressor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krakowiak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Kocoń-Rębowska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Dolot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Lodz, Poland
| | - Danuta Piotrzkowska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Lodz, Poland
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22
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Hazan I, Hofmann TG, Aqeilan RI. Tumor Suppressor Genes within Common Fragile Sites Are Active Players in the DNA Damage Response. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006436. [PMID: 27977694 PMCID: PMC5157955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of common fragile sites (CFSs) in cancer remains controversial. Two main views dominate the discussion: one suggests that CFS loci are hotspots of genomic instability leading to inactivation of genes encoded within them, while the other view proposes that CFSs are functional units and that loss of the encoded genes confers selective pressure, leading to cancer development. The latter view is supported by emerging evidence showing that expression of a given CFS is associated with genome integrity and that inactivation of CFS-resident tumor suppressor genes leads to dysregulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) and increased genomic instability. These two viewpoints of CFS function are not mutually exclusive but rather coexist; when breaks at CFSs are not repaired accurately, this can lead to deletions by which cells acquire growth advantage because of loss of tumor suppressor activities. Here, we review recent advances linking some CFS gene products with the DDR, genomic instability, and carcinogenesis and discuss how their inactivation might represent a selective advantage for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Hazan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Thomas G. Hofmann
- Cellular Senescence Group, Department of Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rami I. Aqeilan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Patergnani S, Fossati V, Bonora M, Giorgi C, Marchi S, Missiroli S, Rusielewicz T, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Mitochondria in Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 328:49-103. [PMID: 28069137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the organelles that function as the powerhouse of the cell, have been increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults in the western world. Its etiology remains unknown, and while the inflammatory component of MS has been heavily investigated and targeted for therapeutic intervention, the failure of remyelination and the process of axonal degeneration are still poorly understood. Recent studies suggest a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the neurodegenerative aspects of MS. This review is focused on mitochondrial functions under physiological conditions and the consequences of mitochondrial alterations in various CNS disorders. Moreover, we summarize recent findings linking mitochondrial dysfunction to MS and discuss novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria-related pathways as well as emerging experimental approaches for modeling mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patergnani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Fossati
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Missiroli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - T Rusielewicz
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - M R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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24
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Marchi S, Pinton P. Alterations of calcium homeostasis in cancer cells. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 29:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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25
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Wu X, Wu G, Yao X, Hou G, Jiang F. The clinicopathological significance and ethnic difference of FHIT hypermethylation in non-small-cell lung carcinoma: a meta-analysis and literature review. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:699-709. [PMID: 26929601 PMCID: PMC4760666 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s85253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that FHIT is a candidate tumor suppressor in many types of tumors including non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, the prognostic value and correlation between FHIT hypermethylation and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC remains unclear. In this report, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of FHIT hypermethylation on the incidence of NSCLC and clinicopathological characteristics of human NSCLC patients. Final analysis of 1,801 NSCLC patients from 18 eligible studies was performed. FHIT hypermethylation was found to be significantly higher in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue. The pooled odds ratio (OR) from ten studies included 819 NSCLC and 792 normal lung tissues (OR =7.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] =2.98-18.91, P<0.0001). Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity implied that FHIT hypermethylation level was higher in NSCLC tissues than in normal tissues in both Caucasians (P=0.02) and Asians (P<0.0001), indicating that the difference in Asians was much more significant. FHIT hypermethylation was also correlated with sex status, smoking status, as well as pathological types. In addition, patients with FHIT hypermethylation had a lower survival rate than those without (hazard ratio =1.73, 95% CI =1.10-2.71, P=0.02). The results of this meta-analysis suggest that FHIT hypermethylation is associated with an increased risk and poor survival in NSCLC patients. FHIT hypermethylation, which induces the inactivation of FHIT gene, plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and clinical outcome and may serve as a potential diagnostic marker and drug target of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guannan Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuequan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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26
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The clinicopathological significance of FHIT hypermethylation in non-small cell lung cancer, a meta-analysis and literature review. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19303. [PMID: 26796853 PMCID: PMC4726317 DOI: 10.1038/srep19303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that FHIT is a candidate tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the correlation between FHIT hypermethylation and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the effects of FHIT hypermethylation on the incidence of NSCLC and clinicopathological characteristics. Final analysis of 1717 NSCLC patients from 16 eligible studies was performed. FHIT hypermethylation was found to be significantly higher in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue, the pooled OR from 8 studies including 735 NSCLC and 708 normal lung tissue, OR = 5.45, 95% CI = 2.15-13.79, p = 0.0003. FHIT hypermethylation was also correlated with sex status, smoking status, as well as pathological types. We did not find that FHIT hypermethylation was correlated with the differentiated types or clinical stages in NSCLC patients. However, patients with FHIT hypermethylation had a lower survival rate than those without, HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.10-2.71, p = 0.02. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that FHIT hypermethylation is associated with an increased risk and worsen survival in NSCLC patients. FHIT hypermethylation, which induces the inactivation of FHIT gene, plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and clinical outcome and may serve as a potential drug target of NSCLC.
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27
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Giorgi C, Bonora M, Missiroli S, Poletti F, Ramirez FG, Morciano G, Morganti C, Pandolfi PP, Mammano F, Pinton P. Intravital imaging reveals p53-dependent cancer cell death induced by phototherapy via calcium signaling. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1435-45. [PMID: 25544762 PMCID: PMC4359305 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One challenge in biology is signal transduction monitoring in a physiological context. Intravital imaging techniques are revolutionizing our understanding of tumor and host cell behaviors in the tumor environment. However, these deep tissue imaging techniques have not yet been adopted to investigate the second messenger calcium (Ca2+). In the present study, we established conditions that allow the in vivo detection of Ca2+ signaling in three-dimensional tumor masses in mouse models. By combining intravital imaging and a skinfold chamber technique, we determined the ability of photodynamic cancer therapy to induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and, consequently, an increase in cell death in a p53-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Poletti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabian Galindo Ramirez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Instituto de fisiologia, Benemerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Morganti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabio Mammano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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28
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Bianchi F, Sasso M, Turdo F, Beretta GL, Casalini P, Ghirelli C, Sfondrini L, Ménard S, Tagliabue E, Campiglio M. Fhit Nuclear Import Following EGF Stimulation Sustains Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2661-70. [PMID: 25711523 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor protein fragile histidine triad (Fhit) exerts its functions in the cytoplasm, although some reports suggest that it may also act in the nucleus. We previously showed that cytosolic Fhit protein levels in cancer cell lines stimulated to proliferate were reduced by proteasomal degradation. Here, we demonstrate that Fhit is physiologically present in the nucleus of breast cancer cell lines and tissues at a low level and that proliferative stimulation increases nuclear levels. Breast cancer cells expressing the FhitY114F mutant, which do not undergo proteasomal degradation, contained mutated Fhit in the nucleus, while cells treated with a proteasome inhibitor accumulated nuclear Fhit during proliferation. Thus, Fhit nuclear shuttling and proteasome degradation phenomena occur independently. When Fhit was coupled to a nuclear localization sequence, the proliferation rate of the transfected cells increased together with levels of proliferation pathway mediators cyclin D1, phospho-MAPK, and phospho-STAT3. Fhit nuclear translocation upon mitogenic stimulation may represent a new regulatory mechanism that allows rapid restoration of Fhit cytoplasmic levels and promotes the proliferation cascade activated by mitogenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bianchi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Sasso
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Turdo
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni L Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casalini
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Ghirelli
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sylvie Ménard
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Campiglio
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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29
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Su Y, Wang X, Li J, Xu J, Xu L. The clinicopathological significance and drug target potential of FHIT in breast cancer, a meta-analysis and literature review. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:5439-45. [PMID: 26491255 PMCID: PMC4598219 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
FHIT is a bona fide tumor-suppressor gene and its loss contributes to tumorigenesis of epithelial cancers including breast cancer (BC). However, the association and clinicopathological significance between FHIT promoter hypermethylation and BC remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis and literature review to investigate the clinicopathological significance of FHIT methylation in BC. A detailed literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The data were extracted and assessed by two reviewers independently. Odds ratios with 95% corresponding confidence intervals were calculated. A total of seven relevant articles were available for meta-analysis, which included 985 patients. The frequency of FHIT hypermethylation was significantly increased in invasive ductal carcinoma compared to benign breast disease, the pooled odds ratio was 8.43, P<0.00001. The rate of FHIT hypermethylation was not significantly different between stage I/II and stage III/IV, odds ratio was 2.98, P=0.06. In addition, FHIT hypermethylation was not significantly associated with ER and PR status. FHIT hypermethylation was not significantly correlated with premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. In summary, our meta-analysis indicated that the frequency of FHIT hypermethylation was significantly increased in BC compared to benign breast disease. The rate of FHIT hypermethylation in advanced stages of BC was higher than in earlier stages; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Our data suggested that FHIT methylation could be a diagnostic biomarker of BC carcinogenesis. FHIT is a potential drug target for development of demethylation treatment for patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Su
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China ; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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30
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Boylston JA, Brenner C. A knockdown with smoke model reveals FHIT as a repressor of Heme oxygenase 1. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2913-30. [PMID: 25486479 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.946858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene deletions are among the earliest and most frequent events in carcinogenesis, particularly in carcinogen-exposed tissues. Though FHIT has been established as an authentic tumor suppressor, the mechanism underlying tumor suppression remains opaque. Most experiments designed to clarify FHIT function have analyzed the consequence of re-expressing FHIT in FHIT-negative cells. However, carcinogenesis occurs in cells that transition from FHIT-positive to FHIT-negative. To better understand cancer development, we induced FHIT loss in human bronchial epithelial cells with RNA interference. Because FHIT is a demonstrated target of carcinogens in cigarette smoke, we combined FHIT silencing with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure and measured gene expression consequences by RNA microarray. The data indicate that FHIT loss enhances the expression of a set of oxidative stress response genes after exposure to CSE, including the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) at the RNA and protein levels. Data are consistent with a mechanism in which Fhit protein is required for accumulation of the transcriptional repressor of HMOX1, Bach1 protein. We posit that by allowing superinduction of oxidative stress response genes, loss of FHIT creates a survival advantage that promotes carcinogenesis.
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Key Words
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- ApppA, diadenosine triphosphate
- BACH1
- BACH1, BTB and CNC homology 1 gene
- BMC, bone marrow cell
- CPT, camptothecin
- CSE, cigarette smoke extract
- Cigarette smoke
- FHIT
- FHIT, fragile histidine triad gene
- HMOX1
- HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1 gene
- MMC, mitomycin C
- NRF2
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-like 2 protein
- Oxidative Stress
- RNAi, RNA interference
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real time PCR
- siRNA, short interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Boylston
- a Department of Biochemistry and Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology; Carver College of Medicine ; University of Iowa ; Iowa City , IA USA
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31
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Rimessi A, Patergnani S, Bonora M, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Remodeling is a Prime Factor in Oncogenic Behavior. Front Oncol 2015; 5:143. [PMID: 26161362 PMCID: PMC4479728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is sustained by defects in the mechanisms underlying cell proliferation, mitochondrial metabolism, and cell death. Mitochondrial Ca2+ ions are central to all these processes, serving as signaling molecules with specific spatial localization, magnitude, and temporal characteristics. Mutations in mtDNA, aberrant expression and/or regulation of Ca2+-handling/transport proteins and abnormal Ca2+-dependent relationships among the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria can cause the deregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+-dependent pathways that are related to these processes, thus determining oncogenic behavior. In this review, we propose that mitochondrial Ca2+ remodeling plays a pivotal role in shaping the oncogenic signaling cascade, which is a required step for cancer formation and maintenance. We will describe recent studies that highlight the importance of mitochondria in inducing pivotal “cancer hallmarks” and discuss possible tools to manipulate mitochondrial Ca2+ to modulate cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rimessi
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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32
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Patergnani S, Baldassari F, De Marchi E, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Methods to monitor and compare mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production. Methods Enzymol 2015; 542:313-32. [PMID: 24862273 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416618-9.00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ATP is commonly considered as the main energy unit of the cell and participates in a variety of cellular processes. Thus, intracellular ATP concentrations rapidly vary in response to a wide variety of stimuli, including nutrients, hormones, cytotoxic agents, and hypoxia. Such alterations not necessarily affect cytosolic and mitochondrial ATP to similar extents. From an oncological perspective, this is particularly relevant in the course of tumor progression as well as in the response of cancer cells to therapy. In normal cells, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the predominant source of ATP. Conversely, many cancer cells exhibit an increased flux through glycolysis irrespective of oxygen tension. Assessing the relative contribution of glycolysis and OXPHOS to intracellular ATP production is fundamental not only for obtaining further insights into the peculiarities and complexities of oncometabolism but also for developing therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Several techniques have been developed to measure intracellular ATP levels including enzymatic methods based on hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and firefly luciferase. Here, we summarize conventional methods for measuring intracellular ATP levels and we provide a detailed protocol based on cytosol- and mitochondrion-targeted variants of firefly luciferase to determine the relative contribution of glycolysis and OXPHOS to ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Patergnani
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Baldassari
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Ferrara, Italy.
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p53 and Ca(2+) signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum: partners in anti-cancer therapies. Oncoscience 2015; 2:233-8. [PMID: 25897426 PMCID: PMC4394128 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the mitochondria critically controls cell survival and cell death decisions. Different oncogenes and deregulation of tumor suppressors exploit this mechanism to favor the survival of altered, malignant cells. Two recent studies of the Pinton team revealed a novel, non-transcriptional function of cytosolic p53 in cell death. During cell stress, p53 is recruited to the ER and the ER-mitochondrial contact sites. This results in augmented ER Ca(2+) levels by enhancing sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) activity, ultimately promoting mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload. The boosting of "toxic" Ca(2+) signaling by p53 appears to be a critical component of the cell death-inducing properties of chemotherapeutic agents and anti-cancer treatments, like photodynamic stress. Strikingly, the resistance of p53-deficient cancer cells to these treatments could be overcome by facilitating Ca(2+) transfer between the ER and the mitochondria via overexpression of SERCA or of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU). Importantly, these concepts have also been supported by in vivo Ca(2+) measurements in tumor masses in mice. Collectively, these studies link for the first time the major tumor suppressor, p53, to Ca(2+) signaling in dictating cell-death outcomes and by the success of anti-cancer treatments.
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34
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Mitochondrial Ca2+-dependent NLRP3 activation exacerbates the Pseudomonas aeruginosa-driven inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6201. [PMID: 25648527 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The common pathological manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with an excessive lung inflammatory response characterized by interleukin-1β accumulation. CF airway epithelial cells show an exacerbated pro-inflammatory response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, it is unclear whether this heightened inflammatory response is intrinsic to cells lacking CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Here we demonstrate that the degree and quality of the inflammatory response in CF are supported by P. aeruginosa-dependent mitochondrial perturbation, in which flagellin is the inducer and mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU) is a signal-integrating organelle member for NLRP3 activation and IL-1β and IL-18 processing. Our work elucidates the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by mitochondrial Ca(2+) in the P. aeruginosa-dependent inflammatory response and deepens our understanding of the significance of mitochondria in the Ca(2+)-dependent control of inflammation.
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Murgia M, Rizzuto R. Molecular diversity and pleiotropic role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Cell Calcium 2014; 58:11-7. [PMID: 26048007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The long awaited molecular identification of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in 2011 has opened an exciting phase in the study of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. On the one hand, MCU proved to be the core of a complex signaling system, composed of a channel moiety (MCU itself and the related MCUb protein) and a family of essential regulators (the MICUs, MCUR, EMRE). On the other hand, the availability of molecular information and tools opened the possibility of directly altering mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in cell cultures or intact organisms, thus obtaining new insight into its role in physiological and pathological events. We will review here these exciting advancements, summarizing the current knowledge of the molecular composition of the MCU complex and of its role in shaping mitochondrial and cytosolic [Ca(2+)] signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Murgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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36
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Waters CE, Saldivar JC, Hosseini SA, Huebner K. The FHIT gene product: tumor suppressor and genome "caretaker". Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4577-87. [PMID: 25283145 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The FHIT gene at FRA3B is one of the earliest and most frequently altered genes in the majority of human cancers. It was recently discovered that the FHIT gene is not the most fragile locus in epithelial cells, the cell of origin for most Fhit-negative cancers, eroding support for past claims that deletions at this locus are simply passenger events that are carried along in expanding cancer clones, due to extreme vulnerability to DNA damage rather than to loss of FHIT function. Indeed, recent reports have reconfirmed FHIT as a tumor suppressor gene with roles in apoptosis and prevention of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Other recent works have identified a novel role for the FHIT gene product, Fhit, as a genome "caretaker." Loss of this caretaker function leads to nucleotide imbalance, spontaneous replication stress, and DNA breaks. Because Fhit loss-induced DNA damage is "checkpoint blind," cells accumulate further DNA damage during subsequent cell cycles, accruing global genome instability that could facilitate oncogenic mutation acquisition and expedite clonal expansion. Loss of Fhit activity therefore induces a mutator phenotype. Evidence for FHIT as a mutator gene is discussed in light of these recent investigations of Fhit loss and subsequent genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Waters
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Replicative Stress and the FHIT Gene: Roles in Tumor Suppression, Genome Stability and Prevention of Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1208-19. [PMID: 24901304 PMCID: PMC4074825 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6021208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragile FHIT gene, encompassing the chromosomal fragile site FRA3B, is an early target of DNA damage in precancerous cells. While vulnerable to DNA damage itself, FHIT protein expression is essential to protect from DNA damage-induced cancer initiation and progression by modulating genome stability, oxidative stress and levels of accumulating DNA damage. Thus, FHIT, whose expression is lost or reduced in many human cancers, is a tumor suppressor and genome caretaker whose loss initiates genome instability in preneoplastic lesions. Ongoing studies are seeking more detailed understanding of the role of FHIT in the cellular response to oxidative damage. This review discusses the relationship between FHIT, reactive oxygen species production, and DNA damage in the context of cancer initiation and progression.
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Marchi S, Patergnani S, Pinton P. The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria connection: one touch, multiple functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:461-9. [PMID: 24211533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tubular organelles with a characteristic "network structure" that facilitates the formation of interorganellar connections. The ER and mitochondria join together at multiple contact sites to form specific domains, termed mitochondria-ER associated membranes (MAMs), with distinct biochemical properties and a characteristic set of proteins. The functions of these two organelles are coordinated and executed at the ER-mitochondria interface, which provides a platform for the regulation of different processes. The roles played by the ER-mitochondria interface range from the coordination of calcium transfer to the regulation of mitochondrial fission and inflammasome formation as well as the provision of membranes for autophagy. The novel and unconventional processes that occur at the ER-mitochondria interface demonstrate its multifunctional and intrinsically dynamic nature. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Dynamic and ultrastructure of bioenergetic membranes and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Fhit delocalizes annexin a4 from plasma membrane to cytosol and sensitizes lung cancer cells to paclitaxel. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78610. [PMID: 24223161 PMCID: PMC3819369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fhit protein is lost or reduced in a large fraction of human tumors, and its restoration triggers apoptosis and suppresses tumor formation or progression in preclinical models. Here, we describe the identification of candidate Fhit-interacting proteins with cytosolic and plasma membrane localization. Among these, Annexin 4 (ANXA4) was validated by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy as a partner of this novel Fhit protein complex. Here we report that overexpression of Fhit prevents Annexin A4 translocation from cytosol to plasma membrane in A549 lung cancer cells treated with paclitaxel. Moreover, paclitaxel administration in combination with AdFHIT acts synergistically to increase the apoptotic rate of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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40
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Zuo H, Chan GPW, Zhu J, Yeung WWS, Chan ASL, Ammer H, Wong YH. Activation state-dependent interaction between Gαq subunits and the Fhit tumor suppressor. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:59. [PMID: 23947369 PMCID: PMC3751744 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The FHIT tumor suppressor gene is arguably the most commonly altered gene in cancer since it is inactivated in about 60% of human tumors. The Fhit protein is a member of the ubiquitous histidine triad proteins which hydrolyze dinucleoside polyphosphates such as Ap3A. Despite the fact that Fhit functions as a tumor suppressor, the pathway through which Fhit inhibits growth of cancer cells remains largely unknown. Phosphorylation by Src tyrosine kinases provides a linkage between Fhit and growth factor signaling. Since many G proteins can regulate cell proliferation through multiple signaling components including Src, we explored the relationship between Gα subunits and Fhit. Results Several members of the Gαq subfamily (Gα16, Gα14, and Gαq) were found to co-immunoprecipitate with Fhit in their GTP-bound active state in HEK293 cells. The binding of activated Gαq members to Fhit appeared to be direct and was detectable in native DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells. The use of Gα16/z chimeras further enabled the mapping of the Fhit-interacting domain to the α2-β4 region of Gα16. However, Gαq/Fhit did not affect either Ap3A binding and hydrolysis by Fhit, or the ability of Gαq/16 to regulate downstream effectors including phospholipase Cβ, Ras, ERK, STAT3, and IKK. Functional mutants of Fhit including the H96D, Y114F, L25W and L25W/I10W showed comparable abilities to associate with Gαq. Despite the lack of functional regulation of Gq signaling by Fhit, stimulation of Gq-coupled receptors in HEK293 and H1299 cells stably overexpressing Fhit led to reduced cell proliferation, as opposed to an enhanced cell proliferation typically seen with parental cells. Conclusions Activated Gαq members interact with Fhit through their α2-β4 region which may result in enhancement of the growth inhibitory effect of Fhit, thus providing a possible avenue for G protein-coupled receptors to modulate tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Division of Life Sciences, Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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41
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Marchi S, Pinton P. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter, MiRNA and cancer: Live and let die. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e23818. [PMID: 23713134 PMCID: PMC3656015 DOI: 10.4161/cib.23818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria receive calcium (Ca2+) signals from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and decode them into pro-apoptotic inputs, which lead to cell death. Therefore, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload is considered a fundamental trigger of the apoptotic process, and several oncogenes and tumor suppressors modify the activity of protein involved in Ca2+ homeostasis to control apoptosis. The identification of the channel responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ entry, the Mitochondrial Ca2+Uniporter (MCU), together with its regulatory components, MICU1 and MCUR1, provides new molecular tools to investigate this process. Recent data have also shown that miR-25 decreases mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through selective MCU downregulation, conferring resistance to apoptotic challenges. MCU appears to be downregulated in human colon cancer samples, and accordingly, miR-25 is aberrantly expressed, indicating the importance of mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation in cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology; Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of General Pathology; Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI); Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA); University of Ferrara; Ferrara, Italy
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42
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Monaco G, Vervliet T, Akl H, Bultynck G. The selective BH4-domain biology of Bcl-2-family members: IP3Rs and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1171-83. [PMID: 22955373 PMCID: PMC11113329 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-family members not only neutralize pro-apoptotic proteins but also directly regulate intracellular Ca(2+) signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), critically controlling cellular health, survival, and death initiation. Furthermore, distinct Bcl-2-family members may selectively regulate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R): Bcl-2 likely acts as an endogenous inhibitor of the IP3R, preventing pro-apoptotic Ca(2+) transients, while Bcl-XL likely acts as an endogenous IP3R-sensitizing protein promoting pro-survival Ca(2+) oscillations. Furthermore, distinct functional domains in Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL may underlie the divergence in IP3R regulation. The Bcl-2 homology (BH) 4 domain, which targets the central modulatory domain of the IP3R, is likely to be Bcl-2's determining factor. In contrast, the hydrophobic cleft targets the C-terminal Ca(2+)-channel tail and might be more crucial for Bcl-XL's function. Furthermore, one amino acid critically different in the sequence of Bcl-2's and Bcl-XL's BH4 domains underpins their selective effect on Ca(2+) signaling and distinct biological properties of Bcl-2 versus Bcl-XL. This difference is evolutionary conserved across five classes of vertebrates and may represent a fundamental divergence in their biological function. Moreover, these insights open novel avenues to selectively suppress malignant Bcl-2 function in cancer cells by targeting its BH4 domain, while maintaining essential Bcl-XL functions in normal cells. Thus, IP3R-derived molecules that mimic the BH4 domain's binding site on the IP3R may function synergistically with BH3-mimetic molecules selectivity suppressing Bcl-2's proto-oncogenic activity. Finally, a more general role for the BH4 domain on IP3Rs, rather than solely anti-apoptotic, may not be excluded as part of a complex network of molecular interactions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling/genetics
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/chemistry
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/physiology
- Models, Biological
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Multigene Family/physiology
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/physiology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/physiology
- Substrate Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monaco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Haidar Akl
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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43
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High-resolution whole-genome analysis of skull base chordomas implicates FHIT loss in chordoma pathogenesis. Neoplasia 2013; 14:788-98. [PMID: 23019410 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare tumor arising in the sacrum, clivus, or vertebrae. It is often not completely resectable and shows a high incidence of recurrence and progression with shortened patient survival and impaired quality of life. Chemotherapeutic options are limited to investigational therapies at present. Therefore, adjuvant therapy for control of tumor recurrence and progression is of great interest, especially in skull base lesions where complete tumor resection is often not possible because of the proximity of cranial nerves. To understand the extent of genetic instability and associated chromosomal and gene losses or gains in skull base chordoma, we undertook whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis of flash frozen surgical chordoma specimens, 21 from the clivus and 1 from C1 to C2 vertebrae. We confirm the presence of a deletion at 9p involving CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and MTAP but at a much lower rate (22%) than previously reported for sacral chordoma. At a similar frequency (21%), we found aneuploidy of chromosome 3. Tissue microarray immunohistochemistry demonstrated absent or reduced fragile histidine triad (FHIT) protein expression in 98% of sacral chordomas and 67%of skull base chordomas. Our data suggest that chromosome 3 aneuploidy and epigenetic regulation of FHIT contribute to loss of the FHIT tumor suppressor in chordoma. The finding that FHIT is lost in a majority of chordomas provides new insight into chordoma pathogenesis and points to a potential new therapeutic target for this challenging neoplasm.
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44
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Prevarskaya N, Skryma R, Shuba Y. Targeting Ca2+transport in cancer: close reality or long perspective? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:225-41. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.741594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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45
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Akl H, Bultynck G. Altered Ca(2+) signaling in cancer cells: proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors targeting IP3 receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1835:180-93. [PMID: 23232185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors critically control cell-fate decisions like cell survival, adaptation and death. These processes are regulated by Ca(2+) signals arising from the endoplasmic reticulum, which at distinct sites is in close proximity to the mitochondria. These organelles are linked by different mechanisms, including Ca(2+)-transport mechanisms involving the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). The amount of Ca(2+) transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria determines the susceptibility of cells to apoptotic stimuli. Suppressing the transfer of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria increases the apoptotic resistance of cells and may decrease the cellular responsiveness to apoptotic signaling in response to cellular damage or alterations. This can result in the survival, growth and proliferation of cells with oncogenic features. Clearly, proper maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) homeostasis and dynamics including its links with the mitochondrial network is essential to detect and eliminate altered cells with oncogenic features through the apoptotic pathway. Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors exploit the central role of Ca(2+) signaling by targeting the IP3R. There are an increasing number of reports showing that activation of proto-oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressors directly affects IP3R function and endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) homeostasis, thereby decreasing mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors identified as IP3R-regulatory proteins and how they affect endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) homeostasis and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar Akl
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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46
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Saldivar JC, Bene J, Hosseini SA, Miuma S, Horton S, Heerema NA, Huebner K. Characterization of the role of Fhit in suppression of DNA damage. Adv Biol Regul 2012; 53:77-85. [PMID: 23102829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The fragile histidine triad protein, Fhit, has a number of reported tumor suppressive functions which include signaling of apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, modulation of the DNA damage response, down-regulation of target oncogene expression, suppression of tumor growth in vivo, and suppression of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Most of these functions of Fhit have been observed on exogenous re-expression of Fhit in Fhit-negative cancer cells. However, little is known about the tumorigenic changes that occur in normal or precancerous cells following loss of Fhit expression. Recently, we have shown that shortly after loss of Fhit expression, cells exhibit signs of DNA replication stress-induced DNA damage and develop genomic instability. Here, we extend these findings through investigation of different factors that affect Fhit function to prevent DNA damage. We found that Fhit activity is dependent upon a functional HIT domain and the tyrosine-114 residue, previously shown to be required for tumor suppression by Fhit. Furthermore, Fhit function was shown to be independent of exogenous and endogenous sources of oxidative stress. Finally, Fhit function was shown to be dependent upon Chk1 kinase activity, but independent of Atr or Atm kinases. Evidence suggests that Fhit and Chk1 kinase cooperate to prevent replication stress-induced DNA damage. These findings provide important and unexpected insights into the mechanism whereby loss of Fhit expression contributes to cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Saldivar
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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47
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Abstract
During the past two decades calcium (Ca(2+)) accumulation in energized mitochondria has emerged as a biological process of utmost physiological relevance. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake was shown to control intracellular Ca(2+) signalling, cell metabolism, cell survival and other cell-type specific functions by buffering cytosolic Ca(2+) levels and regulating mitochondrial effectors. Recently, the identity of mitochondrial Ca(2+) transporters has been revealed, opening new perspectives for investigation and molecular intervention.
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48
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HIV-TAT-fused FHIT protein functions as a potential pro-apoptotic molecule in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biosci Rep 2012; 32:271-9. [PMID: 21679157 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that FHIT (fragile histidine triad) is a bona fide tumour suppressor gene in a large fraction of human tumours, including hepatocellular cancer. A virus-based delivery system has been developed to transfer the FHIT gene into many types of cancer cells to inhibit growth or even induce apoptosis. However, a protein-based replacement strategy for FHIT has not been performed in cancer cells. Here, we used HIV-TAT (transactivator of transcription)-derived peptide to transfer the purified FHIT protein into HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells and determine the biological effect of this fusion protein in inducing apoptosis. Affinity chromatography was used to purify TAT peptide-fused human FHIT (TAT-FHIT) protein from BL21 Escherichia coli. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis were performed to identify the expression and internalization of TAT-FHIT in HCC cells compared with the purified FHIT protein. Our study showed that TAT-FHIT protein can translocate into cancer cells in 1 h after incubation at 37°C. Furthermore, the results of MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay, Annexin-V staining and Western blotting demonstrated that TAT-FHIT can robustly inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro. In addition, a mechanistic study showed that both exogenous and intrinsic apoptotic pathways were involved in TAT-FHIT-mediated apoptosis and this effect could be attenuated partially by a mitochondrial protector TAT-BH4, indicating that mitochondrion plays a critical role in TAT-FHIT-mediated pro-apoptotic effect in cancer cells. Taken together, our study suggests that TAT-FHIT is a potential pro-apoptotic molecule in HCC cells and strengthen the hypothesis of its therapeutic application against HCC.
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49
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Giorgi C, Baldassari F, Bononi A, Bonora M, De Marchi E, Marchi S, Missiroli S, Patergnani S, Rimessi A, Suski JM, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) and apoptosis. Cell Calcium 2012; 52:36-43. [PMID: 22480931 PMCID: PMC3396846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key decoding stations of the apoptotic process. In support of this view, a large body of experimental evidence has unambiguously revealed that, in addition to the well-established function of producing most of the cellular ATP, mitochondria play a fundamental role in triggering apoptotic cell death. Various apoptotic stimuli cause the release of specific mitochondrial pro-apoptotic factors into the cytosol. The molecular mechanism of this release is still controversial, but there is no doubt that mitochondrial calcium (Ca(2+)) overload is one of the pro-apoptotic ways to induce the swelling of mitochondria, with perturbation or rupture of the outer membrane, and in turn the release of mitochondrial apoptotic factors into the cytosol. Here, we review as different proteins that participate in mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis and in turn modulate the effectiveness of Ca(2+)-dependent apoptotic stimuli. Strikingly, the final outcome at the cellular level is similar, albeit through completely different molecular mechanisms: a reduced mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload upon pro-apoptotic stimuli that dramatically blunts the apoptotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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50
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Giorgi C, Wieckowski MR, Pandolfi PP, Pinton P. Mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs) as critical hubs for apoptosis. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:334-5. [PMID: 21980573 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.3.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a process of major biomedical interest, since its deregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of a broad variety of disorders (neoplasia, autoimmune disorders, viral and neurodegenerative diseases, to name a few). It is now firmly established that variations in cellular calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration are pivotal in the control of a variety of cellular functions. Strong evidence has been accumulated supporting a central role of Ca(2+) in the regulation of cell death. In particular, in the context of the biochemical mechanisms of apoptosis, increasing evidence support a role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria Ca(2+) cross talk as a crucial regulator of several pathways of apoptosis. Recent data highlight as also the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), by modulating the ER machinery at the contact sites between ER and mitochondria (the mitochondria associated membranes, MAMs), regulates cell survival through the ER-cytosol/mitochondria Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine; Section of General Pathology; Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI) and LTTA Center; University of Ferrara; Ferrara, Italy
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