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Koroteev YM, Silkin IV, Silkin VM, Chulkov EV. Quantum-Size Effects in Ultra-Thin Gold Films on Pt(111) Surface. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:63. [PMID: 38203917 PMCID: PMC10779727 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We calculate, within the density-functional theory, the atomic and electronic structure of the clean Pt(111) and Au(111) surfaces and the nML-Au/Pt(111) systems with n varying from one to three. The effect of the spin-orbital interaction was taken into account. Several new electronic states with strong localization in the surface region were found and discussed in the case of clean surfaces. The Au adlayers introduce numerous quantum well states in the energy regions corresponding to the projected bulk band continuum of Au(111). Moreover, the presence of states resembling the true Au(111) surface states can be detected at n = 2 and 3. The Au/Pd interface states are found as well. In nML-Au/Pt(111), the calculated work function presents a small variation with a variation of the number of the Au atomic layer. Nevertheless, the effect is significantly smaller in comparison to the s-p metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury M. Koroteev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Electronic and Spin Structure of Nanosystems, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor V. Silkin
- Faculty of Physics, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav M. Silkin
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P. Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Pl. Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Evgueni V. Chulkov
- Laboratory of Electronic and Spin Structure of Nanosystems, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P. Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, P. Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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Biswas S, Baker LR. Extreme Ultraviolet Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy: Probing Dynamics at Surfaces from a Molecular Perspective. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:893-903. [PMID: 35238529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet light sources based on high harmonic generation are enabling the development of novel spectroscopic methods to help advance the frontiers of ultrafast science and technology. In this Account, we discuss the development of extreme ultraviolet reflection-absorption (XUV-RA) spectroscopy at near grazing incident reflection geometry and highlight recent applications of this method to study ultrafast electron dynamics at surfaces. Measuring core-to-valence transitions with broadband, femtosecond pulses of XUV light extends the benefits of X-ray absorption spectroscopy to a laboratory tabletop by providing a chemical fingerprint of materials, including the ability to resolve individual elements with sensitivity to oxidation state, spin state, carrier polarity, and coordination geometry. Combining this chemical state sensitivity with femtosecond time resolution provides new insight into the material properties that govern charge carrier dynamics in complex materials. It is well-known that surface dynamics differ significantly from equivalent processes in bulk materials and that charge separation, trapping, transport, and recombination occurring uniquely at surfaces govern the efficiency of numerous technologically relevant processes spanning photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and information storage and processing. Importantly, XUV-RA spectroscopy at near grazing angle is also surface sensitive with a probe depth of ∼3 nm, providing a new window into electronic and structural dynamics at surfaces and interfaces. Here we highlight the unique capabilities and recent applications of XUV-RA spectroscopy to study photoinduced surface dynamics in metal oxide semiconductors, including photocatalytic oxides (Fe2O3, Co3O4 NiO, and CuFeO2) as well as photoswitchable magnetic oxide (CoFe2O4). We first compare the ultrafast electron self-trapping rates via small polaron formation at the surface and bulk of Fe2O3 where we note that the energetics and kinetics of this process differ significantly at the surface. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to systematically tune this kinetics by molecular functionalization, thereby providing a route to control carrier transport at surfaces. We also measure the spectral signatures of charge transfer excitons with site specific localization of both electrons and holes in a series of transition metal oxide semiconductors (Fe2O3, NiO, Co3O4). The presence of valence band holes probed at the oxygen L1-edge confirms a direct relationship between the metal-oxygen bond covalency and water oxidation efficiency. For a mixed metal oxide CuFeO2 in the layered delafossite structure, XUV-RA reveals that the sub-picosecond hole thermalization from O 2p to Cu 3d states of CuFeO2 leads to the spatial separation of electrons and holes, resulting in exceptional photocatalytic performance for H2 evolution and CO2 reduction of this material. Finally, we provide an example to show the ability of XUV-RA to probe spin state specific dynamics in a photoswitchable ferrimagnet, cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4). This study provides a detailed understating of ultrafast spin switching in a complex magnetic material with site-specific resolution. In summary, the applications of XUV-RA spectroscopy demonstrated here illustrate the current abilities and future promise of this method to extend molecule-level understanding from well-defined photochemical complexes to complex materials so that charge and spin dynamics at surfaces can be tuned with the precision of molecular photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - L. Robert Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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3
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Ambrosio M, Plesiat E, Decleva P, Echenique P, Díez Muiño R, Martín F. Cluster approach to scattering in MoS2 photoemission. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Müller M, Echenique PM, Sánchez-Portal D. Key Role of the Surface Band Structure in Spin-Dependent Interfacial Electron Transfer: Ar/Fe(110) and Ar/Co(0001). J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7141-7145. [PMID: 32787335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The injection of spin-polarized electrons across interfaces is central to many technologies, and hence, it is important to understand the main ingredients controlling it. Here, we demonstrate that the spin dependence of ultrafast electron transfer at Ar/Co(0001) and Ar/Fe(110) interfaces is rooted in the details of the spin-split surface band structures. The injection dynamics are particularly sensitive to the sizes (in reciprocal space) of projected electronic band gaps around Γ̅. Our ab initio calculations back that minority electrons are injected significantly faster than majority electrons in line with recently reported experimental injection times. A simple tunnelling model incorporating the spin-dependent gap sizes confirms that this ingredient is crucial to rationalize the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Müller
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4, San Sebastián-Donostia 20018, Spain
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales CFM-MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 5, San Sebastián-Donostia 20018, Spain
- CIC nanoGUNE, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, San Sebastián-Donostia, 20018, Spain
| | - Pedro Miguel Echenique
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4, San Sebastián-Donostia 20018, Spain
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales CFM-MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 5, San Sebastián-Donostia 20018, Spain
- Departamento de Fı́sica de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad del Paı́s Vasco (UPV-EHU), Apdo. 1072, San Sebastián-Donostia 20080, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4, San Sebastián-Donostia 20018, Spain
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales CFM-MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 5, San Sebastián-Donostia 20018, Spain
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Borisova SD, Rusina GG, Eremeev SV, Chulkov EV. Phonons on Cu(001) surface covered by submonolayer alkali metals. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:125001. [PMID: 30609421 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafc05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical investigation of the structural and vibrational properties of ordered 2D phases formed by the Li, Na and K atoms on the Cu[Formula: see text] surface. The lattice relaxation, phonon dispersions and polarization of vibrational modes as well as the local density of states are calculated using the embedded-atom method. The obtained structural parameters and vibrational frequencies are in close agreement with available experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Borisova
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, pr. Academicheskii 2/4, 634055, Tomsk, Russia. Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
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6
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Koroteev YM, Chulkov EV. Electronic and crystal structure of the Pt(111)-(2 × 2)-K and Cu(111)-(2 × 2)-K systems. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Electron–phonon interaction on the (110) surface of Ag and Cu. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Silkin VM, Chulkov EV, Echenique PM. Collective electronic excitations on the MgB2(0001) surfaces. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Modification of a Shockley-Type Surface State on Pt(111) upon Deposition of Gold Thin Layers. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122569. [PMID: 30562975 PMCID: PMC6316031 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a first-principles fully-relativistic study of surface and interface states in the n one monolayer (ML) Au/Pt(111) heterostructures. The modification of an unoccupied s−p-type surface state existing on a Pt(111) surface at the surface Brillouin zone center upon deposition of a few atomic Au layers is investigated. In particular, we find that the transformation process of such a surface state upon variation of the Au adlayer thickness crucially depends on the nature of the relevant quantum state in the adsorbate. When the Au adlayer consists of one or two monolayers and this relevant state has energy above the Pt(111) surface state position, the latter shifts downward upon approaching the Au adlayer. As a result, in the 1 ML Au/Pt(111) and 2 ML Au/Pt(111) heterostructures at the equilibrium adlayer position, the Pt-derived surface state experiences strong hybridization with the bulk electronic states and becomes a strong occupied resonance. In contrast, when the number n of atomic layers in the Au films increases to three or more, the Pt(111) surface state shifts upward upon reduction of the distance between the Pt(111) surface and the Au adlayer. At equilibrium, the Pt-derived surface state transforms into an unoccupied quantum-well state of the Au adlayer. This change is explained by the fact that the relevant electronic state in free-standing Au films with n≥3 has lower energy in comparison to the Pt(111) surface state.
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10
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11
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Cabrera-Sanfelix P, Lin C, Arnau A, Sánchez-Portal D. Hybridization between Cu-O chain and Cu(110) surface states in the O(2×1)/Cu(110) surface from first principles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:135003. [PMID: 23454743 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/13/135003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The O(2×1)/Cu(110) surface reconstruction of the Cu(110) surface is induced by 0.5 ML of oxygen adsorption and is formed by Cu-O chains running along the [001] direction. Here, we show that hybridization between surface states of the Cu(110) substrate and one-dimensional states of the Cu-O chains is crucial in understanding the electronic structure of this surface. Specifically, the interaction between one occupied antibonding band of the Cu-O chain with O(p(y)) character (y-axis taken along the Cu-O chain direction) and the partially occupied surface state at the Y point of the clean Cu(110) surface with Cu(p(y)) character causes major changes in the electronic structure close to the Fermi energy (E(F)). This surface state decays very slowly into the bulk and a thick slab is needed to properly describe it, which might explain why the importance of this hybridization has not been recognized so far. In our calculations we obtain two hybrid bands: (i) a fully occupied band that strongly hybridizes with the bulk Cu sp states nearby E(F), becoming a very broad resonance, thus explaining why it is not observed in photoemission experiments; (ii) an empty band that acquires surface state character, including its dispersion close to the zone boundary at the Y point. This splitting induces a partial population of the p(y) antibonding band that is necessary to reconcile the calculated charge transfer from the Cu(110) substrate to the Cu-O chain (~0.5 electrons/f.u.) with the apparently fully occupied band structure of the adsorbed Cu-O chain (consistent with 1 electron transferred per formula unit).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepa Cabrera-Sanfelix
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastián, Spain.
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12
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Krull C, Robles R, Mugarza A, Gambardella P. Site- and orbital-dependent charge donation and spin manipulation in electron-doped metal phthalocyanines. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:337-343. [PMID: 23334000 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical doping offers promise as a means of tailoring the electrical characteristics of organic molecular compounds. However, unlike for inorganic semiconductors used in electronics applications, controlling the influence of dopants in molecular complexes is complicated by the presence of multiple doping sites, electron acceptor levels, and intramolecular correlation effects. Here we use scanning tunnelling microscopy to analyse the position of individual Li dopants within Cu- and Ni-phthalocyanine molecules in contact with a metal substrate, and probe the charge transfer process with unprecedented spatial resolution. We show that individual phthalocyanine molecules can host at least three distinct stable doping sites and up to six dopant atoms, and that the ligand and metal orbitals can be selectively charged by modifying the configuration of the Li complexes. Li manipulation reveals that charge transfer is determined solely by dopants embedded in the molecules, whereas the magnitude of the conductance gap is sensitive to the molecule-dopant separation. As a result of the strong spin-charge correlation in confined molecular orbitals, alkali atoms provide an effective way for tuning the molecular spin without resorting to magnetic dopants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Krull
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology (ICN), UAB Campus, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Petek H. Photoexcitation of adsorbates on metal surfaces: one-step or three-step. J Chem Phys 2013; 137:091704. [PMID: 22957546 DOI: 10.1063/1.4746801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this essay we discuss the light-matter interactions at molecule-covered metal surfaces that initiate surface photochemistry. The hot-electron mechanism for surface photochemistry, whereby the absorption of light by a metal surface creates an electron-hole pair, and the hot electron scatters through an unoccupied resonance of adsorbate to initiate nuclear dynamics leading to photochemistry, has become widely accepted. Yet, ultrafast spectroscopic measurements of molecule-surface electronic structure and photoexcitation dynamics provide scant support for the hot electron mechanism. Instead, in most cases the adsorbate resonances are excited through photoinduced substrate-to-adsorbate charge transfer. Based on recent studies of the role of coherence in adsorbate photoexcitation, as measured by the optical phase and momentum resolved two-photon photoemission measurements, we examine critically the hot electron mechanism, and propose an alternative description based on direct charge transfer of electrons from the substrate to adsorbate. The advantage of this more quantum mechanically rigorous description is that it informs how material properties of the substrate and adsorbate, as well as their interaction, influence the frequency dependent probability of photoexcitation and ultimately how light can be used to probe and control surface femtochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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14
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Poyli MA, Silkin VM, Chernov IP, Echenique PM, Muiño RD, Aizpurua J. Multiscale Theoretical Modeling of Plasmonic Sensing of Hydrogen Uptake in Palladium Nanodisks. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:2556-61. [PMID: 26295874 DOI: 10.1021/jz3007723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We study theoretically the optical properties of palladium nanodisks during hydrogen uptake. A combination of an ab initio quantum mechanical description of the Pd-H dielectric properties and a full electrodynamical study of light scattering in the H-modified Pd nanodisks allows us to trace the shift of the localized surface plasmon as a function of the H concentration in the Pd-H disk. We follow the evolution of the plasmon peak energy for different admixtures of the Pd-H α and β phases and interpret quantitatively the experimental sensitivity of the plasmon energy shift to the structural inhomogeneity upon H absorption. Our multiscale theoretical framework provides a solid background for plasmonic sensing of structural domains, as well as for identifying H saturation conditions in metal hydride systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ameen Poyli
- †Centro de Física de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- ‡Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - V M Silkin
- ‡Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- ¶Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- §IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - I P Chernov
- ∥Tomsk Polytechnical University, pr. Lenina 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - P M Echenique
- †Centro de Física de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- ‡Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- ¶Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - R Díez Muiño
- †Centro de Física de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- ‡Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J Aizpurua
- †Centro de Física de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- ‡Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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15
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Koval NE, Sánchez-Portal D, Borisov AG, Muiño RD. Dynamic screening of a localized hole during photoemission from a metal cluster. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:447. [PMID: 22873820 PMCID: PMC3502521 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
: Recent advances in attosecond spectroscopy techniques have fueled the interest in the theoretical description of electronic processes taking place in the subfemtosecond time scale. Here we study the coupled dynamic screening of a localized hole and a photoelectron emitted from a metal cluster using a semi-classical model. Electron density dynamics in the cluster is calculated with time-dependent density functional theory, and the motion of the photoemitted electron is described classically. We show that the dynamic screening of the hole by the cluster electrons affects the motion of the photoemitted electron. At the very beginning of its trajectory, the photoemitted electron interacts with the cluster electrons that pile up to screen the hole. Within our model, this gives rise to a significant reduction of the energy lost by the photoelectron. Thus, this is a velocity-dependent effect that should be accounted for when calculating the average losses suffered by photoemitted electrons in metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E Koval
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Andrey G Borisov
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO, Unité de Recherches CNRS-Université Paris-Sud UMR 8214, Bâtiment 351, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Ricardo Díez Muiño
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
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16
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Varga K. Solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation using time-dependent basis functions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:016705. [PMID: 22400699 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.016705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved by using an explicitly time-dependent basis. This approach allows efficient reflection-free time propagation of the wave function. The applicability of the method is illustrated by solving various time-dependent problems including the calculation of the above threshold ionization of a model atom and the optical absorption spectrum of a sodium dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Varga
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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17
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Magerl E, Neppl S, Cavalieri AL, Bothschafter EM, Stanislawski M, Uphues T, Hofstetter M, Kleineberg U, Barth JV, Menzel D, Krausz F, Ernstorfer R, Kienberger R, Feulner P. A flexible apparatus for attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy of solids and surfaces. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:063104. [PMID: 21721671 DOI: 10.1063/1.3596564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe an apparatus for attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy of solids and surfaces, which combines the generation of isolated attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) laser pulses by high harmonic generation in gases with time-resolved photoelectron detection and surface science techniques in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. This versatile setup provides isolated attosecond pulses with photon energies of up to 140 eV and few-cycle near infrared pulses for studying ultrafast electron dynamics in a large variety of surfaces and interfaces. The samples can be prepared and characterized on an atomic scale in a dedicated flexible surface science end station. The extensive possibilities offered by this apparatus are demonstrated by applying attosecond XUV pulses with a central photon energy of ∼125 eV in an attosecond streaking experiment of a xenon multilayer grown on a Re(0001) substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Magerl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Abstract
This special issue on surface chemistry is introduced with a brief history of the field, a summary of the importance of surface chemistry in technological applications, a brief overview of some of the most important recent developments in this field, and a look forward to some of its most exciting future directions. This collection of invited articles is intended to provide a snapshot of current developments in the field, exemplify the state of the art in fundamental research in surface chemistry, and highlight some possibilities in the future. Here, we show how those articles fit together in the bigger picture of this field.
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