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Mahmoud IS, Jarrar YB, Febrimarsa. Modulation of IRAK enzymes as a therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2909-2923. [PMID: 37061574 PMCID: PMC10105542 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Dysregulated and excessive production of cytokines and chemokines, known as cytokine storm, is frequently seen in patients with severe COVID-19 disease and it can provoke a severe systematic inflammation in the patients. The IL-1R/TLRs/IRAKs signaling network is a key pathway in immune cells that plays a central role in regulating innate immunity and inflammatory responses via stimulating the expression and production of various proinflammatory molecules including cytokines. Modulation of IRAKs activity has been proposed to be a promising strategy in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In this review, we highlight the biochemical properties of IRAKs and their role in regulating inflammatory molecular signaling pathways and discuss the potential targeting of IRAKs to suppress the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sami Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Yazun Bashir Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Febrimarsa
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
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Kundert DN, Tavassol F, Kampmann A, Gellrich NC, Lindhorst D, Precht MM, Schumann P. Alendronate reduces periosteal microperfusion in vivo. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19468. [PMID: 37681156 PMCID: PMC10481298 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bisphosphonates are known to induce a severe adverse effect known as medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Previous studies have proven the impact of bisphosphonates on microperfusion; therefore, this study aimed to investigate alendronate-induced microcirculatory reactions in the calvarial periosteum of rats. Study design Bone chambers were implanted into 48 Lewis rats. Microhemodynamics, inflammatory parameters, functional capillary density and defect healing were examined after alendronate treatment for two and six weeks using repetitive intravital fluorescence microscopy for two weeks. Results Microhemodynamics remained unchanged. In alendronate-treated rats, inflammation was slightly increased, functional capillary density was significantly reduced (day 10: controls 100.45 ± 5.38 cm/cm2, two weeks alendronate treatment 44.77 ± 3.55 cm/cm2, six weeks alendronate treatment 27.54 ± 2.23 cm/cm2) and defect healing was decelerated. The changes in functional capillary density and defect healing were dose-dependent. Conclusion The bisphosphonate alendronate has a significant negative impact on periosteal microperfusion in vivo. This could be a promising target for the treatment of MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Kundert
- Division of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Tavassol
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kampmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils-Claudius Gellrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Lindhorst
- Kieferchirurgie-Zentrum-Hamburg, Lerchenfeld 14, 22081, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc M. Precht
- Division of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Schumann
- Division of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
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Bando K, Tanaka Y, Takahashi T, Sugawara S, Mizoguchi I, Endo Y. Histamine acts via H4-receptor stimulation to cause augmented inflammation when lipopolysaccharide is co-administered with a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1603-1617. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Tesfaye S, Asres K, Guenther S, Singh PP. Anti-malarial effect of a combination of risedronate and azithromycin against Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection in Swiss mice. Parasitol Int 2022; 91:102655. [PMID: 36029959 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy is used to retard the selection of malaria parasite strains resistant to individual components of a combination of drugs. This approach has proved to be a success in the combination of sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine, which targets two different steps in the folate pathway of malaria parasites. However, after the success of this therapeutic combination, the efficacy of other combinations of drugs that target different enzymes in a particular metabolic pathway has, apparently, not been reported. In the current study, the antimalarial effect of a combination of risedronate (RIS), which is known for its anti-osteoporosis activity, and azithromycin (AZT) was investigated. Peter's suppression test was carried out on mice infected with 1 × 107P. yoelii infected erythrocytes. Drug efficacy was analyzed by comparing the percent reduction in parasitaemia on day 4 post-infection. RIS was observed to be a blood schizonticidal agent against P. yoelii infection which showed ED50 7.0 (4.04-12.13) mg/kg/day x 4. Normalized isobologram showed additive action between RIS 1 mg/kg/day x 4 and AZT 10 mg/kg/day x 4, and antagonistic action for the rest of the combinations (RIS 1 + AZT 20, RIS 1 + AZT 40, RIS 5 + AZT 10, RIS 5 + AZT 20, RIS 5 + AZT 40, RIS 10 + AZT 10, RIS 10 + AZT 20 and RIS 10 + AZT 40 mg/kg/day x 4). Furthermore, a combination of RIS with AZT showed inferior efficacy as compared to AZT treatment alone. This antagonistic interaction may be due to the high accumulation of AZT in WBCs, which will reduce its serum bio-availability, whereas RIS has anti-parasitic activity by increasing WBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tesfaye
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, 17491 Greifswald, Germany; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Street, 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Kaleab Asres
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Street, 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Prati Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 160062 Mohali, India
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Pócs L, Janovszky Á, Ocsovszki I, Kaszaki J, Piffkó J, Szabó A. Microcirculatory consequences of limb ischemia/reperfusion in ovariectomized rats treated with zoledronic acid. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:95. [PMID: 30947735 PMCID: PMC6450009 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (BIS) are potent therapeutics in osteoporosis, but their use may result in osteonecrotic side-effects in the maxillofacial region. Periosteal microcirculatory reactions may contribute to the development of bone-healing complications, particularly in osteoporotic bones, where ischemia–reperfusion (IR) events often develop during orthopaedic/trauma interventions. The effect of BIS on the inflammatory reactions of appendicular long bones has not yet been evaluated; thus, we aimed to examine the influence of chronic zoledronate (ZOL) administration on the periosteal microcirculatory consequences of hindlimb IR in osteopenic rats. Materials and methods Twelve-week-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated, and ZOL (80 μg/kg iv, weekly) or a vehicle was administered for 8 weeks, 4 weeks after the operation. At the end of the pre-treatment protocols, 60-min limb ischemia was induced, followed by 180-min reperfusion. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions were quantitated in tibial periosteal postcapillary venules by intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy. CD11b expression of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN, flow cytometry) and plasma TNF-alpha levels (ELISA) were also determined. Two-way RM ANOVA followed by the Holm–Sidak and Dunn tests was used to assess differences within and between groups, respectively. Results Limb IR induced significant increases in PMN rolling and firm adhesion in sham-operated and OVX rats, which were exacerbated temporarily in the first 60 min of reperfusion by a ZOL treatment regimen. Postischemic TNF-alpha values showed a similar level of postischemic elevations in all groups, whereas CD11b expression only increased in rats not treated with ZOL. Conclusions The present data do not show substantial postischemic periosteal microcirculatory complications after chronic ZOL treatment either in sham-operated or OVX rats. The unaltered extent of limb IR-induced local periosteal microcirculatory reactions in the presence of reduced CD11b adhesion molecule expression on circulating PMNs, however, may be attributable to local endothelial injury/activation caused by ZOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Pócs
- Department of Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Nyíri u. 38, Kecskemét, H-6000, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Janovszky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - József Kaszaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - József Piffkó
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pulz u. 1, Szeged, H-6724, Hungary.
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Szabó A, Janovszky Á, Pócs L, Boros M. The periosteal microcirculation in health and disease: An update on clinical significance. Microvasc Res 2017; 110:5-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sandholm J, Lehtimäki J, Ishizu T, Velu SE, Clark J, Härkönen P, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Schrey A, Harris KW, Tuomela JM, Selander KS. Toll-like receptor 9 expression is associated with breast cancer sensitivity to the growth inhibitory effects of bisphosphonates in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:87373-87389. [PMID: 27888633 PMCID: PMC5349995 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are standard treatments for bone metastases. When given in the adjuvant setting, they reduce breast cancer mortality and recurrence in bone but only among post-menopausal patients. Optimal drug use would require biomarker-based patient selection. Such biomarkers are not yet in clinical use. Based on the similarities in inflammatory responses to bisphosphonates and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, we hypothesized that TLR9 expression may affect bisphosphonate responses in cells. We compared bisphosphonate effects in breast cancer cell lines with low or high TLR9 expression. We discovered that cells with decreased TLR9 expression are significantly more sensitive to the growth-inhibitory effects of bisphosphonates in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, cancer growth-promoting effects seen with some bisphosphonates in some control shRNA cells were not detected in TLR9 shRNA cells. These differences were not associated with inhibition of Rap1A prenylation or p38 phosphorylation, which are known markers for bisphosphonate activity. However, TLR9 shRNA cells exhibited increased sensitivity to ApppI, a metabolite that accumulates in cells after bisphosphonate treatment. We conclude that decreased TLR9-expression sensitizes breast cancer cells to the growth inhibitory effects of bisphosphonates. Our results suggest that TLR9 should be studied as a potential biomarker for adjuvant bisphosphonate sensitivity among breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouko Sandholm
- Cell Imaging Core, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Lehtimäki
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tamiko Ishizu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory/PET, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sadanandan E. Velu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - Pirkko Härkönen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Aleksi Schrey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kevin W. Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - Johanna M. Tuomela
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katri S. Selander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
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Mevalonate kinase deficiency leads to decreased prenylation of Rab GTPases. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:994-999. [PMID: 27377765 PMCID: PMC5122740 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is caused by mutations in a key enzyme of the mevalonate–cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, leading to recurrent autoinflammatory disease characterised by enhanced release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). It is currently believed that the inflammatory phenotype of MKD is triggered by temperature-sensitive loss of mevalonate kinase activity and reduced biosynthesis of isoprenoid lipids required for the prenylation of small GTPase proteins. However, previous studies have not clearly shown any change in protein prenylation in patient cells under normal conditions. With lymphoblast cell lines from two compound heterozygous MKD patients, we used a highly sensitive in vitro prenylation assay, together with quantitative mass spectrometry, to reveal a subtle accumulation of unprenylated Rab GTPases in cells cultured for 3 days or more at 40 °C compared with 37 °C. This included a 200% increase in unprenylated Rab7A, Rab14 and Rab1A. Inhibition of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) activation by fatostatin led to more pronounced accumulation of unprenylated Rab proteins in MKD cells but not parent cells, suggesting that cultured MKD cells may partially overcome the loss of isoprenoid lipids by SREBP-mediated upregulation of enzymes required for isoprenoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, while inhibition of Rho/Rac/Rap prenylation promoted the release of IL-1β, specific inhibition of Rab prenylation by NE10790 had no effect in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or human THP-1 monocytic cells. These studies demonstrate for the first time that mutations in mevalonate kinase can lead to a mild, temperature-induced defect in the prenylation of small GTPases, but that loss of prenylated Rab GTPases is not the cause of enhanced IL-1β release in MKD.
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Zoledronic acid induces dose-dependent increase of antigen-specific CD8 T-cell responses in combination with peptide/poly-IC vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:1275-81. [PMID: 26828454 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZA) is used for treating osteoporosis and for preventing skeletal fractures in cancer patients suffering from myeloma and prostate cancer. It is also reported to directly induce cancer cell apoptosis and indirectly modulate T-cell immune response as an antitumor agent. In this study, the effect of ZA following peptide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) vaccination was investigated in a murine tumor model. The combination of ZA with peptide/poly-IC vaccine showed a synergistic effect on the induction of antigen-specific CD8 T-cell response. Three consecutive intravenous administrations of ZA was defined to induce the highest CD8 T-cell response. Further, total splenocyte counts and antigen-specific CD8 T-cell response gradually increased depending on the dose of ZA. In tumor-bearing mice, ZA showed a dose-dependent decrease of growth and prolonged survival. Treatment with ZA only decreased the number of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid cells in blood. Our results demonstrate that the use of ZA could improve antitumor immune responses induced by the peptide/poly-IC vaccine.
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van Rooijen JM, Stutvoet TS, Schröder CP, de Vries EG. Immunotherapeutic options on the horizon in breast cancer treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 156:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cytokines as Mediators of Pain-Related Process in Breast Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:129034. [PMID: 26635447 PMCID: PMC4655288 DOI: 10.1155/2015/129034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a clinical sign of inflammation found in a wide variety of chronic pathologies, including cancer. The occurrence of pain in patients carrying breast tumors is reported and is associated with aspects concerning disease spreading, treatment, and surgical intervention. The persistence of pain in patients submitted to breast surgery is estimated in a range from 21% to 55% and may affect patients before and after surgery. Beyond the physical compression exerted by the metastatic mass expansion and tissue injury found in breast cancer, inflammatory components that are significantly produced by the host-tumor interaction can significantly contribute to the generation of pain. In this context, cytokines have been studied aiming to establish a cause-effect relationship in cancer pain-related syndromes, especially the proinflammatory ones. Few reports have investigated the relationship between pain and cytokines in women carrying advanced breast cancer. In this scenario, the present review analyzes the main cytokines produced in breast cancer and discusses the evidences from literature regarding its role in specific clinical features related with this pathology.
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Sánchez Vallecillo MF, Minguito de la Escalera MM, Aguirre MV, Ullio Gamboa GV, Palma SD, González-Cintado L, Chiodetti AL, Soldano G, Morón G, Allemandi DA, Ardavín C, Pistoresi-Palencia MC, Maletto BA. A liquid crystal of ascorbyl palmitate, used as vaccine platform, provides sustained release of antigen and has intrinsic pro-inflammatory and adjuvant activities which are dependent on MyD88 adaptor protein. J Control Release 2015; 214:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jain A, Kaczanowska S, Davila E. IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase Signaling and Its Role in Inflammation, Cancer Progression, and Therapy Resistance. Front Immunol 2014; 5:553. [PMID: 25452754 PMCID: PMC4233944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has long been associated with the development of cancer. Among the various signaling pathways within cancer cells that can incite the expression of inflammatory molecules are those that activate IL-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAK). The IRAK family is comprised of four family members, IRAK-1, IRAK-2, IRAK-3 (also known as IRAK-M), and IRAK-4, which play important roles in both positively and negatively regulating the expression of inflammatory molecules. The wide array of inflammatory molecules that are expressed in response to IRAK signaling within the tumor microenvironment regulate the production of factors which promote tumor growth, metastasis, immune suppression, and chemotherapy resistance. Based on published reports we propose that dysregulated activation of the IRAK signaling pathway in cancer cells contributes to disease progression by creating a highly inflammatory tumor environment. In this article, we present both theoretical arguments and reference experimental data in support of this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Jain
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University , Albany, NY , USA
| | - Sabina Kaczanowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Eduardo Davila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Greenebaum Cancer Center , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Janovszky Á, Szabó A, Varga R, Garab D, Boros M, Mester C, Beretka N, Zombori T, Wiesmann HP, Bernhardt R, Ocsovszki I, Balázs P, Piffkó J. Periosteal microcirculatory reactions in a zoledronate-induced osteonecrosis model of the jaw in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:1279-88. [PMID: 25352470 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates induce osteonecrosis mostly in the jaw and less frequently in other bones. Because of the crucial role of periosteal perfusion in bone repair, we investigated zoledronate-induced microcirculatory reactions in the mandibular periosteum in comparison with those in the tibia in a clinically relevant model of bisphosphonate-induced medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with zoledronate (ZOL; 80 i.v. μg/kg/week over 8 weeks) or saline vehicle. The first two right mandibular molar teeth were extracted after 3 weeks. Various systemic and local (periosteal) microcirculatory inflammatory parameters were examined by intravital videomicroscopy after 9 weeks. RESULTS Gingival healing disorders (∼100%) and MRONJ developed in 70% of ZOL-treated cases but not after saline (shown by micro-CT). ZOL induced significantly higher degrees of periosteal leukocyte rolling and adhesion in the mandibular postcapillary venules (at both extraction and intact sites) than at the tibia. Leukocyte NADPH-oxidase activity was reduced; leukocyte CD11b and plasma TNF-alpha levels were unchanged. CONCLUSION Chronic ZOL treatment causes a distinct microcirculatory inflammatory reaction in the mandibular periosteum but not in the tibia. The local reaction in the absence of augmented systemic leukocyte inflammatory activity suggests that topically different, endothelium-specific changes may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MRONJ. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This model permits for the first time to explore the microvascular processes in the mandibular periosteum after chronic ZOL treatment. This approach may contribute to a better understanding of the pathomechanism and the development of strategies to counteract bisphosphonate-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Janovszky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Yusuf N. Toll-like receptor mediated regulation of breast cancer: a case of mixed blessings. Front Immunol 2014; 5:224. [PMID: 24904578 PMCID: PMC4032943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
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Pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection delays Th1 immunity via immunoadaptor DAP12-regulated IRAK-M and IL-10 expression in antigen-presenting cells. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:670-83. [PMID: 24172845 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of mycobacteria with the host leads to retarded expression of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) immunity in the lung. However, the immune mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using in vivo and in vitro models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection, we find the immunoadaptor DAP12 (DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa) in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to be critically involved in this process. Upon infection of APCs, DAP12 is required for IRAK-M (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M) expression, which in turn induces interleukin-10 (IL-10) and an immune-suppressed phenotype of APCs, thus leading to suppressed Th1 cell activation. Lack of DAP12 reduces APC IL-10 production and increases their Th1 cell-activating capability, resulting in expedited Th1 responses and enhanced protection. On the other hand, adoptively transferred DAP12-competent APCs suppress Th1 cell activation within DAP12-deficient hosts, and blockade of IL-10 aborts the ability of DAP12-competent APCs to suppress Th1 activation. Our study identifies the DAP12/IRAK-M/IL-10 to be a novel molecular pathway in APCs exploited by mycobacterial pathogens, allowing infection a foothold in the lung.
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Tonti E, Jiménez de Oya N, Galliverti G, Moseman EA, Di Lucia P, Amabile A, Sammicheli S, De Giovanni M, Sironi L, Chevrier N, Sitia G, Gennari L, Guidotti LG, von Andrian UH, Iannacone M. Bisphosphonates target B cells to enhance humoral immune responses. Cell Rep 2013; 5:323-30. [PMID: 24120862 PMCID: PMC3838640 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that are widely used to inhibit loss of bone mass in patients. We show here that the administration of clinically relevant doses of bisphosphonates in mice increases antibody responses to live and inactive viruses, proteins, haptens, and existing commercial vaccine formulations. Bisphosphonates exert this adjuvant-like activity in the absence of CD4(+) and γδ T cells, neutrophils, or dendritic cells, and their effect does not rely on local macrophage depletion, Toll-like receptor signaling, or the inflammasome. Rather, bisphosphonates target directly B cells and enhance B cell expansion and antibody production upon antigen encounter. These data establish bisphosphonates as an additional class of adjuvants that boost humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tonti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nereida Jiménez de Oya
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Galliverti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - E. Ashley Moseman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Amabile
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Sammicheli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco De Giovanni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Sironi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Chevrier
- Harvard University, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca G. Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Zoledronic acid enhances lipopolysaccharide-stimulated proinflammatory reactions through controlled expression of SOCS1 in macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67906. [PMID: 23874464 PMCID: PMC3706453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a serious side effect of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (NBP) use. Many studies have shown that BRONJ is limited to the jawbone and does not occur in the other bones. We hypothesized that BRONJ is related to local bacterial iections and involves the innate immune system. To examine the relationship between BRONJ and innate immunity, we examined the effects of NBPs on macrophages, one of the important cell types in innate immunity. The expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) in cells after pretreatment with zoledronic acid (ZOL) did not considerably differ from that in untreated control cells. However, cytokine levels and nitric oxide (NO) production increased after pretreatment with ZOL. Furthermore, ZOL induced NF-κB activation by enhancing IκB-α degradation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis also increased after pretreatment with ZOL. This effect was mediated by a reduction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1), which is a negative regulator of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD 88)-dependent signaling. These results suggest that ZOL induced excessive innate immune response and proinflammatory cytokine production and that these processes may be involved in the bone destruction observed in BRONJ.
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Norton JT, Hayashi T, Crain B, Cho JS, Miller LS, Corr M, Carson DA. Cutting edge: nitrogen bisphosphonate-induced inflammation is dependent upon mast cells and IL-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:2977-80. [PMID: 22387558 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) are taken by millions for bone disorders but may cause serious inflammatory reactions. In this study, we used a murine peritonitis model to characterize the inflammatory mechanisms of these agents. At dosages comparable to those used in humans, injection of NBPs into the peritoneum caused recruitment of neutrophils, followed by an influx of monocytes. These cellular changes corresponded to an initial increase in IL-1α, which preceded a rise in multiple other proinflammatory cytokines. IL-1R, IL-1α, and IL-1β were required for neutrophil recruitment, whereas other MyD88-dependent signaling pathways were needed for the monocyte influx. Mice deficient in mast cells, but not mice lacking lymphocytes, were resistant to NBP-induced inflammation, and reconstitution of these mice with mast cells restored sensitivity to NBPs. These results document the critical role of mast cells and IL-1 in NBP-mediated inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Norton
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Abstract
It has recently become clear that the tumour microenvironment, and in particular the immune system, has a crucial role in modulating tumour progression and response to therapy. Indicators of an ongoing immune response, such as the composition of the intratumoural immune infiltrate, as well as polymorphisms in genes encoding immune modulators, have been correlated with therapeutic outcome. Moreover, several anticancer agents--including classical chemotherapeutics and targeted compounds--stimulate tumour-specific immune responses either by inducing the immunogenic death of tumour cells or by engaging immune effector mechanisms. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular circuitries whereby cytotoxic agents can activate the immune system against cancer, and their therapeutic implications.
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