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Dong A, He H, Jing X, Zhang T, Ma Y, Wang X, Dong H, Liu W, Fan K, Huo J. Associations of Cadmium Exposure with Peripheral Blood Cell Subtype Counts and Indices in Cadmium-Poisoned Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04271-9. [PMID: 38888856 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This research was designed to investigate the effects of cadmium on blood cell injury in cadmium-poisoned mice. Twenty mice were randomly divided into two groups: control group and model group. The control group was intraperitoneally injected with normal saline every day and the model group was intraperitoneally injected with 1.4 mg/kg cadmium solution every day. The experimental period was 28 days. The blood of the mice was collected for detection and hematological analysis. The results demonstrated that cadmium increased the number of white blood cells and the number of neutrophils in mice. Cadmium reduced the number of eosinophils, the number of basophils, the number of monocytes, the amount of lymphocytes, the number of red blood cells, the hemoglobin concentration, mean corpusular volume, mean corpusular hemoglobin, mean corpusular hemoglobin concentration, and the number of platelets in mice. In summary, cadmium caused some damage to white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets in mice, but the direction of damage to different cells was inconsistent. The possible reason for this result is that cadmium damages the generation of blood cells, and the body takes corresponding defense measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Dong
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hui He
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xuejie Jing
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Tianmiao Zhang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huidong Dong
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kaifang Fan
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Junfeng Huo
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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2
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Peters IJA, de Pater E, Zhang W. The role of GATA2 in adult hematopoiesis and cell fate determination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1250827. [PMID: 38033856 PMCID: PMC10682726 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1250827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in bone marrow is vital for the maintenance and operation of the human blood system. GATA2 plays a critical role in the maintenance of HSCs and the specification of HSCs into the different hematopoietic lineages, highlighted by the various defects observed in patients with heterozygous mutations in GATA2, resulting in cytopenias, bone marrow failure and increased chance of myeloid malignancy, termed GATA2 deficiency syndrome. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying GATA2 deficiency syndrome remain to be elucidated. The detailed description of how GATA2 regulates HSC maintenance and blood lineage determination is crucial to unravel the pathogenesis of GATA2 deficiency syndrome. In this review, we summarize current advances in elucidating the role of GATA2 in hematopoietic cell fate determination and discuss the challenges of modeling GATA2 deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang, ; Emma de Pater,
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3
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Gopal A, Ibrahim R, Fuller M, Umlandt P, Parker J, Tran J, Chang L, Wegrzyn-Woltosz J, Lam J, Li J, Lu M, Karsan A. TIRAP drives myelosuppression through an Ifnγ-Hmgb1 axis that disrupts the endothelial niche in mice. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212987. [PMID: 35089323 PMCID: PMC8932532 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with bone marrow failure syndromes, but how specific molecules impact the bone marrow microenvironment is not well elucidated. We report a novel role for the miR-145 target, Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), in driving bone marrow failure. We show that TIRAP is overexpressed in various types of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and suppresses all three major hematopoietic lineages. TIRAP expression promotes up-regulation of Ifnγ, leading to myelosuppression through Ifnγ-Ifnγr–mediated release of the alarmin, Hmgb1, which disrupts the bone marrow endothelial niche. Deletion of Ifnγ blocks Hmgb1 release and is sufficient to reverse the endothelial defect and restore myelopoiesis. Contrary to current dogma, TIRAP-activated Ifnγ-driven bone marrow suppression is independent of T cell function or pyroptosis. In the absence of Ifnγ, TIRAP drives myeloproliferation, implicating Ifnγ in suppressing the transformation of MDS to acute leukemia. These findings reveal novel, noncanonical roles of TIRAP, Hmgb1, and Ifnγ in the bone marrow microenvironment and provide insight into the pathophysiology of preleukemic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Gopal
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rawa Ibrahim
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan Fuller
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patricia Umlandt
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeremy Parker
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica Tran
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Linda Chang
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanna Wegrzyn-Woltosz
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Lam
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jenny Li
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melody Lu
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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5
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Yamaguchi A, Hirano I, Narusawa S, Shimizu K, Ariyama H, Yamawaki K, Nagao K, Yamamoto M, Shimizu R. Blockade of the interaction between BMP9 and endoglin on erythroid progenitors promotes erythropoiesis in mice. Genes Cells 2021; 26:782-797. [PMID: 34333851 PMCID: PMC9290798 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein‐9 (BMP9), a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, plays important roles in the development and maintenance of various cell lineages via complexes of type I and type II TGFβ receptors. Endoglin is a coreceptor for several TGFβ family members, including BMP9, which is highly expressed in a particular stage of differentiation in erythroid cells as well as in endothelial cells. Although the importance of the interaction between BMP9 and endoglin for endothelial development has been reported, the contribution of BMP9 to endoglin‐expressing erythroid cells remains to be clarified. To address this point, we prepared an anti‐BMP9 antibody that blocks the BMP9‐endoglin interaction. Of note, challenge with the antibody promotes erythropoiesis in wild‐type mice but not in a mouse model of renal anemia in which erythropoietin (EPO) production in the kidneys is genetically ablated. While endoglin‐positive erythroid progenitors are mainly maintained as progenitors when bone marrow‐derived lineage‐negative and cKit‐positive cells are cultured in the presence of EPO and stem cell factor, the erythroid‐biased accumulation of progenitors is impeded by the presence of BMP9. Our findings uncover an unrecognized role for BMP9 in attenuating erythroid differentiation via its interaction with endoglin on erythroid progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Yamaguchi
- Nephrology Research Labs., Nephrology R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirano
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shiho Narusawa
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shimizu
- Nephrology Research Labs., Nephrology R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ariyama
- Nephrology Research Labs., Nephrology R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida, Japan
| | - Kengo Yamawaki
- Nephrology Research Labs., Nephrology R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagao
- Nephrology Research Labs., Nephrology R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Mega-Bank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Mega-Bank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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6
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Bush LM, Healy CP, Marvin JE, Deans TL. High-throughput enrichment and isolation of megakaryocyte progenitor cells from the mouse bone marrow. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8268. [PMID: 33859294 PMCID: PMC8050096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes are a rare population of cells that develop in the bone marrow and function to produce platelets that circulate throughout the body and form clots to stop or prevent bleeding. A major challenge in studying megakaryocyte development, and the diseases that arise from their dysfunction, is the identification, classification, and enrichment of megakaryocyte progenitor cells that are produced during hematopoiesis. Here, we present a high throughput strategy for identifying and isolating megakaryocytes and their progenitor cells from a heterogeneous population of bone marrow samples. Specifically, we couple thrombopoietin (TPO) induction, image flow cytometry, and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify and enrich for megakaryocyte progenitor cells that are capable of self-renewal and directly differentiating into mature megakaryocytes. This enrichment strategy distinguishes megakaryocyte progenitors from other lineage-committed cells in a high throughput manner. Furthermore, by using image flow cytometry with PCA, we have identified a combination of markers and characteristics that can be used to isolate megakaryocyte progenitor cells using standard flow cytometry methods. Altogether, these techniques enable the high throughput enrichment and isolation of cells in the megakaryocyte lineage and have the potential to enable rapid disease identification and diagnoses ahead of severe disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Bush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Connor P Healy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - James E Marvin
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Tara L Deans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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7
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Chen X, Wang C, Sun N, Pan S, Li R, Li X, Zhao J, Tong H, Tang Y, Han J, Qiao J, Qiu H, Wang H, Yang J, Ikezoe T. Aurka loss in CD19 + B cells promotes megakaryocytopoiesis via IL-6/STAT3 signaling-mediated thrombopoietin production. Theranostics 2021; 11:4655-4671. [PMID: 33754019 PMCID: PMC7978311 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A), which is required for mitosis, is a therapeutic target in various tumors. Targeting Aurora-A led to an increase in the differentiation and polyploidization of megakaryocytes both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms involved in controlling megakaryocyte differentiation have not been fully elucidated. Methods: Conditional Aurka knockout mice were generated. B cell development, platelet development and function were subsequently examined. Proplatelet formation, in vivo response to mTPO, post-transfusion experiment, colony assay, immunofluorescence staining and quantification, and ChIP assay were conducted to gain insights into the mechanisms of Aurka loss in megakaryocytopoiesis. Results: Loss of Aurka in CD19+ B cells impaired B cell development in association with an increase in the number of platelets in peripheral blood (PB). Surprisingly, thrombopoietin (TPO) production and IL-6 were elevated in the plasma in parallel with an increase in the number of differentiated megakaryocytes in the bone marrow (BM) of Aurkaf/f;Cd19Cre/+ mice. Interestingly, compared with that of the Aurkaf/f mice, a higher number of CD19+ B cells close to megakaryocytes was observed in the BM of the Aurkaf/f;Cd19Cre/+ mice. Moreover, Aurka loss in CD19+ B cells induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) activation. Inhibition of STAT3 reduced the Tpo mRNA levels. ChIP assays revealed that STAT3 bound to the TPO promoter. Additionally, STAT3-mediated TPO transcription was an autocrine effect provoked by IL-6, at least partially. Conclusions: Deletion of Aurka in CD19+ B cells led to an increase in IL-6 production, promoting STAT3 activation, which in turn contributed to TPO transcription and megakaryocytopoiesis.
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8
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Endoglin: An 'Accessory' Receptor Regulating Blood Cell Development and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239247. [PMID: 33287465 PMCID: PMC7729465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic factor sensed by most cells. It regulates a broad spectrum of cellular responses including hematopoiesis. In order to process TGF-β1-responses in time and space in an appropriate manner, there is a tight regulation of its signaling at diverse steps. The downstream signaling is mediated by type I and type II receptors and modulated by the ‘accessory’ receptor Endoglin also termed cluster of differentiation 105 (CD105). Endoglin was initially identified on pre-B leukemia cells but has received most attention due to its high expression on activated endothelial cells. In turn, Endoglin has been figured out as the causative factor for diseases associated with vascular dysfunction like hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-1 (HHT-1), pre-eclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUPR). Because HHT patients often show signs of inflammation at vascular lesions, and loss of Endoglin in the myeloid lineage leads to spontaneous inflammation, it is speculated that Endoglin impacts inflammatory processes. In line, Endoglin is expressed on progenitor/precursor cells during hematopoiesis as well as on mature, differentiated cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. However, so far only pro-monocytes and macrophages have been in the focus of research, although Endoglin has been identified in many other immune system cell subsets. These findings imply a functional role of Endoglin in the maturation and function of immune cells. Aside the functional relevance of Endoglin in endothelial cells, CD105 is differentially expressed during hematopoiesis, arguing for a role of this receptor in the development of individual cell lineages. In addition, Endoglin expression is present on mature immune cells of the innate (i.e., macrophages and mast cells) and the adaptive (i.e., T-cells) immune system, further suggesting Endoglin as a factor that shapes immune responses. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on Endoglin expression and function in hematopoietic precursors and mature hematopoietic cells of different lineages.
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9
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Alvarez MB, Xu L, Childress PJ, Maupin KA, Mohamad SF, Chitteti BR, Himes E, Olivos DJ, Cheng YH, Conway SJ, Srour EF, Kacena MA. Megakaryocyte and Osteoblast Interactions Modulate Bone Mass and Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 27:671-682. [PMID: 29631496 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that megakaryocytes (MK) play key roles in regulating skeletal homeostasis and hematopoiesis. To test if the loss of MK negatively impacts osteoblastogenesis and hematopoiesis, we generated conditional knockout mice where Mpl, the receptor for the main MK growth factor, thrombopoietin, was deleted specifically in MK (Mplf/f;PF4cre). Unexpectedly, at 12 weeks of age, these mice exhibited a 10-fold increase in platelets, a significant expansion of hematopoietic/mesenchymal precursors, and a remarkable 20-fold increase in femoral midshaft bone volume. We then investigated whether MK support hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function through the interaction of MK with osteoblasts (OB). LSK cells (Lin-Sca1+CD117+, enriched HSC population) were co-cultured with OB+MK for 1 week (1wk OB+MK+LSK) or OB alone (1wk OB+LSK). A significant increase in colony-forming units was observed with cells from 1wk OB+MK cultures. Competitive repopulation studies demonstrated significantly higher engraftment in mice transplanted with cells from 1wk OB+MK+LSK cultures compared to 1wk OB+LSK or LSK cultured alone for 1 week. Furthermore, single-cell expression analysis of OB cultured±MK revealed adiponectin as the most significantly upregulated MK-induced gene, which is required for optimal long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. Understanding the interactions between MK, OB, and HSC can inform the development of novel treatments to enhance both HSC recovery following myelosuppressive injuries, as well as bone loss diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Alvarez
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - LinLin Xu
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul J Childress
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kevin A Maupin
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Safa F Mohamad
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Evan Himes
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David J Olivos
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Simon J Conway
- 3 Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Edward F Srour
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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Nakamura-Ishizu A, Suda T. Multifaceted roles of thrombopoietin in hematopoietic stem cell regulation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1466:51-58. [PMID: 31292976 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (Thpo) and its receptor myeloid proliferative leukemia (Mpl) were initially identified as the cytokine signaling that stimulates megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. However, Thpo-Mpl signaling has also been widely characterized as one of the few cytokine systems that directly regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The ability of Thpo signaling to stimulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal has led to the development and utilization of Thpo mimetic drugs to treat hematopoietic diseases with restricted function of HSCs, such as aplastic anemia. This review will cover the mechanisms by which Thpo-Mpl signaling regulates HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Platelets are anuclear blood cells required for haemostasis and are implicated in other processes including inflammation and metastasis. Platelets are produced by megakaryocytes, specialized cells that are themselves generated by a process of controlled differentiation and maturation of bone-marrow stem and progenitor cells. This process of megakaryopoiesis involves the coordinated interplay of transcription factor-controlled cellular programming with extra-cellular cues produced locally in supporting niches or as circulating factors. This review focuses on these external cues, the cytokines and chemokines, that drive production of megakaryocytes and support the terminal process of platelet release. Emphasis is given to thrombopoietin (Tpo), the major cytokine regulator of steady-state megakaryopoiesis, and its specific cell surface receptor, the Mpl protein, including normal and pathological roles as well as clinical application. The potential for alternative or supplementary regulatory mechanisms for platelet production, particularly in times of acute need, or in states of infection or inflammation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Behrens
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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12
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A unique microenvironment in the developing liver supports the expansion of megakaryocyte progenitors. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1854-1866. [PMID: 29296832 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016003541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fetal liver is the site of a major expansion of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool and is also a privileged organ to study megakaryocyte progenitor differentiation. We identified in the mouse fetal liver at day 13.5 a discrete stromal cell population harboring a CD45-TER119-CD31-CD51+VCAM-1+PDGFRα- (V+P-) phenotype that lacked colony-forming unit fibroblast activity and harbored an hepatocyte progenitor signature. This previously undescribed V+P- population efficiently supported megakaryocyte production from mouse bone marrow HSC and human peripheral blood HSC-myeloid progenitors cultured in the presence of limited cytokine concentrations. Megakaryocytes obtained in V+P- cocultures were polyploid, positive for CD41/CD42c, and efficiently produced proplatelets. Megakaryocyte production appeared to be mediated by an expansion of the progenitor compartment through HSC-stromal cell contact. In conclusion, the fetal liver contains a unique cellular microenvironment that could represent a platform for the discovery of regulators of megakaryopoiesis.
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13
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Benbarche S, Strassel C, Angénieux C, Mallo L, Freund M, Gachet C, Lanza F, de la Salle H. Dual role of IL-21 in megakaryopoiesis and platelet homeostasis. Haematologica 2017; 102:637-646. [PMID: 28057742 PMCID: PMC5395104 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.143958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene profiling studies have indicated that in vitro differentiated human megakaryocytes express the receptor for IL-21 (IL-21R), an immunostimulatory cytokine associated with inflammatory disorders and currently under evaluation in cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IL-21 modulates megakaryopoiesis. We first checked the expression of IL-21 receptor on human bone marrow and in vitro differentiated megakaryocytes. We then investigated the effect of IL-21 on the in vitro differentiation of human blood CD34+ progenitors into megakaryocytes. Finally, we analyzed the consequences of hydrodynamic transfection-mediated transient expression of IL-21, on megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in mice. The IL-21Rα chain was expressed in human bone marrow megakaryocytes and was progressively induced during in vitro differentiation of human peripheral CD34+ progenitors, while the signal transducing γ chain was down-regulated. Consistently, the STAT3 phosphorylation induced by IL-21 diminished during the later stages of megakaryocytic differentiation. In vitro, IL-21 increased the number of colony-forming unit megakaryocytes generated from CD34+ cells and the number of megakaryocytes differentiated from CD34+ progenitors in a JAK3- and STAT3-dependent manner. Forced expression of IL-21 in mice increased the density of bi-potent megakaryocyte progenitors and bone marrow megakaryocytes, and the platelet generation, but increased platelet clearance with a consequent reduction in blood cell counts. Our work suggests that IL-21 regulates megakaryocyte development and platelet homeostasis. Thus, IL-21 may link immune responses to physiological or pathological platelet-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Benbarche
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 949, FMTS, F-67000, France
| | - Catherine Strassel
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 949, FMTS, F-67000, France
| | - Catherine Angénieux
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 949, FMTS, F-67000, France
| | - Léa Mallo
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 949, FMTS, F-67000, France
| | - Monique Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 949, FMTS, F-67000, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 949, FMTS, F-67000, France
| | - François Lanza
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 949, FMTS, F-67000, France
| | - Henri de la Salle
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 949, FMTS, F-67000, France
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14
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de Graaf CA, Choi J, Baldwin TM, Bolden JE, Fairfax KA, Robinson AJ, Biben C, Morgan C, Ramsay K, Ng AP, Kauppi M, Kruse EA, Sargeant TJ, Seidenman N, D'Amico A, D'Ombrain MC, Lucas EC, Koernig S, Baz Morelli A, Wilson MJ, Dower SK, Williams B, Heazlewood SY, Hu Y, Nilsson SK, Wu L, Smyth GK, Alexander WS, Hilton DJ. Haemopedia: An Expression Atlas of Murine Hematopoietic Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:571-582. [PMID: 27499199 PMCID: PMC5031953 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a multistage process involving the differentiation of stem and progenitor cells into distinct mature cell lineages. Here we present Haemopedia, an atlas of murine gene-expression data containing 54 hematopoietic cell types, covering all the mature lineages in hematopoiesis. We include rare cell populations such as eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, and megakaryocytes, and a broad collection of progenitor and stem cells. We show that lineage branching and maturation during hematopoiesis can be reconstructed using the expression patterns of small sets of genes. We also have identified genes with enriched expression in each of the mature blood cell lineages, many of which show conserved lineage-enriched expression in human hematopoiesis. We have created an online web portal called Haemosphere to make analyses of Haemopedia and other blood cell transcriptional datasets easier. This resource provides simple tools to interrogate gene-expression-based relationships between hematopoietic cell types and genes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A de Graaf
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jarny Choi
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tracey M Baldwin
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica E Bolden
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kirsten A Fairfax
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Aaron J Robinson
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christine Biben
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Clare Morgan
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kerry Ramsay
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley P Ng
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Maria Kauppi
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Kruse
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tobias J Sargeant
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nick Seidenman
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Angela D'Amico
- Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marthe C D'Ombrain
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Erin C Lucas
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shen Y Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yifang Hu
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Li Wu
- Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Douglas J Hilton
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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15
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Wang Q, You T, Fan H, Wang Y, Chu T, Poncz M, Zhu L. Rapamycin and bafilomycin A1 alter autophagy and megakaryopoiesis. Platelets 2016; 28:82-89. [PMID: 27534900 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1204436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an effective strategy for cell development by recycling cytoplasmic constituents. Genetic deletion of autophagy mediator Atg7 in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can lead to failure of megakaryopoiesis and enhanced autophagy has been implicated in various hematological disorders such as immune thrombocytopenia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Here, we examined the hypothesis that optimal autophagy is essential for megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis by altering autophagy using pharmacological approaches. When autophagy was induced by rapamycin or inhibited by bafilomycin A1 in fetal liver cells, we observed a significant decrease in high ploidy megakaryocytes, a reduction of CD41 and CD61 co-expressing cells, and less proplatelet or platelet formation. Additionally, reduced cell size was shown in megakaryocytes derived from rapamycin, but not bafilomycin A1-treated mouse fetal liver cells. However, when autophagy was altered in mature megakaryocytes, we observed no significant change in proplatelet formation, which was consistent with normal platelet counts, megakaryocyte numbers, and ploidy in Atg7flox/flox PF4-Cre mice with megakaryocyte- and platelet-specific deletion of autophagy-related gene Atg7. Therefore, our findings suggest that either induction or inhibition of autophagy in the early stage of megakaryopoiesis suppresses megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Tao You
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,d Jiangsu Institute of Hematology of The First Affiliated Hospital , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Hongqiong Fan
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Tinatian Chu
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,d Jiangsu Institute of Hematology of The First Affiliated Hospital , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- f Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Li Zhu
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,c MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,e Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive and translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
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16
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Psaila B, Barkas N, Iskander D, Roy A, Anderson S, Ashley N, Caputo VS, Lichtenberg J, Loaiza S, Bodine DM, Karadimitris A, Mead AJ, Roberts I. Single-cell profiling of human megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors identifies distinct megakaryocyte and erythroid differentiation pathways. Genome Biol 2016; 17:83. [PMID: 27142433 PMCID: PMC4855892 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-0939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advances in single-cell techniques have provided the opportunity to finely dissect cellular heterogeneity within populations previously defined by “bulk” assays and to uncover rare cell types. In human hematopoiesis, megakaryocytes and erythroid cells differentiate from a shared precursor, the megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP), which remains poorly defined. Results To clarify the cellular pathway in erythro-megakaryocyte differentiation, we correlate the surface immunophenotype, transcriptional profile, and differentiation potential of individual MEP cells. Highly purified, single MEP cells were analyzed using index fluorescence-activated cell sorting and parallel targeted transcriptional profiling of the same cells was performed using a specifically designed panel of genes. Differentiation potential was tested in novel, single-cell differentiation assays. Our results demonstrate that immunophenotypic MEP comprise three distinct subpopulations: “Pre-MEP,” enriched for erythroid/megakaryocyte progenitors but with residual myeloid differentiation capacity; “E-MEP,” strongly biased towards erythroid differentiation; and “MK-MEP,” a previously undescribed, rare population of cells that are bipotent but primarily generate megakaryocytic progeny. Therefore, conventionally defined MEP are a mixed population, as a minority give rise to mixed-lineage colonies while the majority of cells are transcriptionally primed to generate exclusively single-lineage output. Conclusions Our study clarifies the cellular hierarchy in human megakaryocyte/erythroid lineage commitment and highlights the importance of using a combination of single-cell approaches to dissect cellular heterogeneity and identify rare cell types within a population. We present a novel immunophenotyping strategy that enables the prospective identification of specific intermediate progenitor populations in erythro-megakaryopoiesis, allowing for in-depth study of disorders including inherited cytopenias, myeloproliferative disorders, and erythromegakaryocytic leukemias. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-016-0939-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Psaila
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Hematopoiesis Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Nikolaos Barkas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Deena Iskander
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anindita Roy
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stacie Anderson
- Flow Cytometry Core, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil Ashley
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Valentina S Caputo
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jens Lichtenberg
- Hematopoiesis Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Loaiza
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David M Bodine
- Hematopoiesis Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anastasios Karadimitris
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam J Mead
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK. .,Department of Paediatrics, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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17
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Weiss-Gayet M, Starck J, Chaabouni A, Chazaud B, Morlé F. Notch Stimulates Both Self-Renewal and Lineage Plasticity in a Subset of Murine CD9High Committed Megakaryocytic Progenitors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153860. [PMID: 27089435 PMCID: PMC4835090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at reinvestigating the controversial contribution of Notch signaling to megakaryocytic lineage development. For that purpose, we combined colony assays and single cells progeny analyses of purified megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEP) after short-term cultures on recombinant Notch ligand rDLL1. We showed that Notch activation stimulated the SCF-dependent and preferential amplification of Kit+ erythroid and bipotent progenitors while favoring commitment towards the erythroid at the expense of megakaryocytic lineage. Interestingly, we also identified a CD9High MEP subset that spontaneously generated almost exclusively megakaryocytic progeny mainly composed of single megakaryocytes. We showed that Notch activation decreased the extent of polyploidization and maturation of megakaryocytes, increased the size of megakaryocytic colonies and surprisingly restored the generation of erythroid and mixed colonies by this CD9High MEP subset. Importantly, the size increase of megakaryocytic colonies occurred at the expense of the production of single megakaryocytes and the restoration of colonies of alternative lineages occurred at the expense of the whole megakaryocytic progeny. Altogether, these results indicate that Notch activation is able to extend the number of divisions of MK-committed CD9High MEPs before terminal maturation while allowing a fraction of them to generate alternative lineages. This unexpected plasticity of MK-committed progenitors revealed upon Notch activation helps to better understand the functional promiscuity between megakaryocytic lineage and hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Weiss-Gayet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Joëlle Starck
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Azza Chaabouni
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - François Morlé
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
- * E-mail:
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18
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van der Garde M, van Hensbergen Y, Brand A, Slot MC, de Graaf-Dijkstra A, Mulder A, Watt SM, Zwaginga JJ. Thrombopoietin treatment of one graft in a double cord blood transplant provides early platelet recovery while contributing to long-term engraftment in NSG mice. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:67-76. [PMID: 25137252 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cord blood (CB) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplants demonstrate delayed early neutrophil and platelet recovery and delayed longer term immune reconstitution compared to bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood transplants. Despite advances in enhancing early neutrophil engraftment, platelet recovery after CB transplantation is not significantly altered when compared to contemporaneous controls. Recent studies have identified a platelet-biased murine HSC subset, maintained by thrombopoietin (TPO), which has enhanced capacity for short- and long-term platelet reconstitution, can self-renew, and can give rise to myeloid- and lymphoid-biased HSCs. In previous studies, we have shown that transplantation of human CB CD34(+) cells precultured in TPO as a single graft accelerates early platelet recovery as well as yielding long-term repopulation in immune-deficient mice. In this study, using a double CB murine transplant model, we investigated whether TPO cultured human CB CD34(+) cells have a competitive advantage or disadvantage over untreated human CB CD34(+) cells in terms of (1) short-term and longer term platelet recovery and (2) longer term hematological recovery. Our studies demonstrate that the TPO treated graft shows accelerated early platelet recovery without impairing the platelet engraftment of untreated CD34(+) cells. Notably, this was followed by a dominant contribution to platelet production through the untreated CD34(+) cell graft over the intermediate to longer term. Furthermore, although the contribution of the TPO treated graft to long-term hematological engraftment was reduced, the TPO treated and untreated grafts both contributed significantly to long-term chimerism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van der Garde
- 1 Jon J. van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Research , Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
Determining the developmental pathway leading to erythrocytes and being able to isolate their progenitors are crucial to understanding and treating disorders of red cell imbalance such as anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and polycythemia vera. Here we show that the human erythrocyte progenitor (hEP) can be prospectively isolated from adult bone marrow. We found three subfractions that possessed different expression patterns of CD105 and CD71 within the previously defined human megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor (hMEP; Lineage(-) CD34(+) CD38(+) IL-3Rα(-) CD45RA(-)) population. Both CD71(-) CD105(-) and CD71(+) CD105(-) MEPs, at least in vitro, still retained bipotency for the megakaryocyte (MegK) and erythrocyte (E) lineages, although the latter subpopulation is skewed in differentiation toward the erythroid lineage. Notably, the proliferative and differentiation output of the CD71(intermediate(int)/+) CD105(+) subset of cells within the MEP population was completely restricted to the erythroid lineage with the loss of MegK potential. CD71(+) CD105(-) MEPs are erythrocyte-biased MEPs (E-MEPs) and CD71(int/+) CD105(+) cells are EPs. These previously unclassified populations may facilitate further understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing human erythroid development and serve as potential therapeutic targets in disorders of the erythroid lineage.
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20
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Ng AP, Hu Y, Metcalf D, Hyland CD, Ierino H, Phipson B, Wu D, Baldwin TM, Kauppi M, Kiu H, Di Rago L, Hilton DJ, Smyth GK, Alexander WS. Early lineage priming by trisomy of Erg leads to myeloproliferation in a Down syndrome model. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005211. [PMID: 25973911 PMCID: PMC4431731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), with trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21), is the commonest human aneuploidy. Pre-leukemic myeloproliferative changes in DS foetal livers precede the acquisition of GATA1 mutations, transient myeloproliferative disorder (DS-TMD) and acute megakaryocytic leukemia (DS-AMKL). Trisomy of the Erg gene is required for myeloproliferation in the Ts(1716)65Dn DS mouse model. We demonstrate here that genetic changes specifically attributable to trisomy of Erg lead to lineage priming of primitive and early multipotential progenitor cells in Ts(1716)65Dn mice, excess megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors, and malignant myeloproliferation. Gene expression changes dependent on trisomy of Erg in Ts(1716)65Dn multilineage progenitor cells were correlated with those associated with trisomy of HSA21 in human DS hematopoietic stem and primitive progenitor cells. These data suggest a role for ERG as a regulator of hematopoietic lineage potential, and that trisomy of ERG in the context of DS foetal liver hemopoiesis drives the pre-leukemic changes that predispose to subsequent DS-TMD and DS-AMKL. An excess number of genes in trisomy on human chromosome 21 leads to the development of specific diseases in human Down syndrome. An excess copy of the gene, ERG, an ETS family transcription factor, has been implicated in abnormal blood system development in Down syndrome. In this study we show how trisomy of Erg in a murine Down syndrome model perturbs hematopoietic progenitor cells in a manner similar to that observed in human Down syndrome by inducing gene expression changes and lineage priming in early multi-potential progenitors. We show that the gene expression signature specifically attributable to trisomy of Erg in the murine model is strongly correlated with gene expression changes in human Down syndrome hematopoietic cells. The data suggest that Erg is an important regulator of megakaryocyte-erythroid lineage specification in multipotential hematopoietic cells and that trisomy of Erg in the context of DS prediposes to a transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryocyte leukaemia in a multi-step model of leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P. Ng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Yifang Hu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donald Metcalf
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig D. Hyland
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Ierino
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Phipson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Di Wu
- Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tracey M. Baldwin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Kauppi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hiu Kiu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas J. Hilton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warren S. Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Nishikii H, Kanazawa Y, Umemoto T, Goltsev Y, Matsuzaki Y, Matsushita K, Yamato M, Nolan GP, Negrin R, Chiba S. Unipotent Megakaryopoietic Pathway Bridging Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Mature Megakaryocytes. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2196-207. [PMID: 25753067 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent identification of platelet/megakaryocyte-biased hematopoietic stem/repopulating cells requires revision of the intermediate pathway for megakaryopoiesis. Here, we show a unipotent megakaryopoietic pathway bypassing the bipotent megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitors (biEMPs). Cells purified from mouse bone marrow by CD42b (GPIbα) marking were demonstrated to be unipotent megakaryocytic progenitors (MKPs) by culture and transplantation. A subpopulation of freshly isolated CD41(+) cells in the lineage Sca1(+) cKit(+) (LSK) fraction (subCD41(+) LSK) differentiated only into MKP and mature megakaryocytes in culture. Although CD41(+) LSK cells as a whole were capable of differentiating into all myeloid and lymphoid cells in vivo, they produced unipotent MKP, mature megakaryocytes, and platelets in vitro and in vivo much more efficiently than Flt3(+) CD41(-) LSK cells, especially at the early phase after transplantation. In single cell polymerase chain reaction and thrombopoietin (TPO) signaling analyses, the MKP and a fraction of CD41(+) LSK, but not the biEMP, showed the similarities in mRNA expression profile and visible TPO-mediated phosphorylation. On increased demand of platelet production after 5-FU treatment, a part of CD41(+) LSK population expressed CD42b on the surface, and 90% of them showed unipotent megakaryopoietic capacity in single cell culture and predominantly produced platelets in vivo at the early phase after transplantation. These results suggest that the CD41(+) CD42b(+) LSK are straightforward progenies of megakaryocytes/platelet-biased stem/repopulating cells, but not progenies of biEMP. Consequently, we show a unipotent/highly biased megakaryopoietic pathway interconnecting stem/repopulating cells and mature megakaryocytes, the one that may play physiologic roles especially in emergency megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Nishikii
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yosuke Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yury Goltsev
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University of School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yu Matsuzaki
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University of School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Robert Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shigeru Chiba
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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22
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Wang H, Yan M, Sun J, Jain S, Yoshimi R, Abolfath SM, Ozato K, Coleman WG, Ng AP, Metcalf D, DiRago L, Nutt SL, Morse HC. A reporter mouse reveals lineage-specific and heterogeneous expression of IRF8 during lymphoid and myeloid cell differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1766-77. [PMID: 25024380 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The IFN regulatory factor family member 8 (IRF8) regulates differentiation of lymphoid and myeloid lineage cells by promoting or suppressing lineage-specific genes. How IRF8 promotes hematopoietic progenitors to commit to one lineage while preventing the development of alternative lineages is not known. In this study, we report an IRF8-EGFP fusion protein reporter mouse that revealed previously unrecognized patterns of IRF8 expression. Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into oligopotent progenitors is associated with progressive increases in IRF8-EGFP expression. However, significant induction of IRF8-EGFP is found in granulocyte-myeloid progenitors and the common lymphoid progenitors but not the megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors. Surprisingly, IRF8-EGFP identifies three subsets of the seemingly homogeneous granulocyte-myeloid progenitors with an intermediate level of expression of EGFP defining bipotent progenitors that differentiation into either EGFP(hi) monocytic progenitors or EGFP(lo) granulocytic progenitors. Also surprisingly, IRF8-EGFP revealed a highly heterogeneous pre-pro-B population with a fluorescence intensity ranging from background to 4 orders above background. Interestingly, IRF8-EGFP readily distinguishes true B cell committed (EGFP(int)) from those that are noncommitted. Moreover, dendritic cell progenitors expressed extremely high levels of IRF8-EGFP. Taken together, the IRF8-EGFP reporter revealed previously unrecognized subsets with distinct developmental potentials in phenotypically well-defined oligopotent progenitors, providing new insights into the dynamic heterogeneity of developing hematopoietic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Wang
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852;
| | - Ming Yan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jiafang Sun
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Shweta Jain
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Ryusuke Yoshimi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sanaz Momben Abolfath
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - William G Coleman
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ashley P Ng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Donald Metcalf
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ladina DiRago
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; and
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852;
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23
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Molina-Ortiz P, Polizzi S, Ramery E, Gayral S, Delierneux C, Oury C, Iwashita S, Schurmans S. Rasa3 controls megakaryocyte Rap1 activation, integrin signaling and differentiation into proplatelet. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004420. [PMID: 24967784 PMCID: PMC4072513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rasa3 is a GTPase activating protein of the GAP1 family which targets Ras and Rap1. Ubiquitous Rasa3 catalytic inactivation in mouse results in early embryonic lethality. Here, we show that Rasa3 catalytic inactivation in mouse hematopoietic cells results in a lethal syndrome characterized by severe defects during megakaryopoiesis, thrombocytopenia and a predisposition to develop preleukemia. The main objective of this study was to define the cellular and the molecular mechanisms of terminal megakaryopoiesis alterations. We found that Rasa3 catalytic inactivation altered megakaryocyte development, adherence, migration, actin cytoskeleton organization and differentiation into proplatelet forming megakaryocytes. These megakaryocyte alterations were associated with an increased active Rap1 level and a constitutive integrin activation. Thus, these mice presented a severe thrombocytopenia, bleeding and anemia associated with an increased percentage of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, bone marrow fibrosis, extramedular hematopoiesis, splenomegaly and premature death. Altogether, our results indicate that Rasa3 catalytic activity controls Rap1 activation and integrin signaling during megakaryocyte differentiation in mouse. Megakaryocytes are the bone marrow cellular precursors of circulating blood platelets and give rise to nascent platelets by forming branching filaments called proplatelets. Terminal differentiation of round megakaryocytes into branched proplatelet forming megakaryocytes is a complex cytoskeletal-driven process which is affected in rare human familial thrombocytopenias. Interactions of megakaryocytes with extracellular matrix proteins are essential in this process since constitutive megakaryocyte integrin activity caused by specific mutations in ITGA2B or ITGB3 genes encoding for extracellular matrix protein receptors may result in abnormal adherent megakaryocytes, defect in proplatelet formation and thrombocytopenia. Here, we show that Rasa3, a GTPase activating protein of the GAP1 family, controls Rap1 activation and integrin signaling during megakaryocyte differentiation. We found that Rasa3 catalytic inactivation in mice altered megakaryocyte development, adherence, migration, actin cytoskeleton organization and differentiation into proplatelet. Thus, these mice presented a severe thrombocytopenia, bleeding and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Molina-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Research Centre, Université de Liège, Liège, and Welbio, Belgium
| | - Séléna Polizzi
- Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Eve Ramery
- Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique, Faculté de Médecine-vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Gayral
- Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Céline Delierneux
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, GIGA-Research Centre, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Oury
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, GIGA-Research Centre, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Shintaro Iwashita
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences and Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Research Centre, Université de Liège, Liège, and Welbio, Belgium
- Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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24
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Mpl expression on megakaryocytes and platelets is dispensable for thrombopoiesis but essential to prevent myeloproliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5884-9. [PMID: 24711413 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404354111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (TPO) acting via its receptor, the cellular homologue of the myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (Mpl), is the major cytokine regulator of platelet number. To precisely define the role of specific hematopoietic cells in TPO-dependent hematopoiesis, we generated mice that express the Mpl receptor normally on stem/progenitor cells but lack expression on megakaryocytes and platelets (Mpl(PF4cre/PF4cre)). Mpl(PF4cre/PF4cre) mice displayed profound megakaryocytosis and thrombocytosis with a remarkable expansion of megakaryocyte-committed and multipotential progenitor cells, the latter displaying biological responses and a gene expression signature indicative of chronic TPO overstimulation as the underlying causative mechanism, despite a normal circulating TPO level. Thus, TPO signaling in megakaryocytes is dispensable for platelet production; its key role in control of platelet number is via generation and stimulation of the bipotential megakaryocyte precursors. Nevertheless, Mpl expression on megakaryocytes and platelets is essential to prevent megakaryocytosis and myeloproliferation by restricting the amount of TPO available to stimulate the production of megakaryocytes from the progenitor cell pool.
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25
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Genome-scale expression and transcription factor binding profiles reveal therapeutic targets in transgenic ERG myeloid leukemia. Blood 2013; 122:2694-703. [PMID: 23974202 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-477133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ETS transcription factor ERG plays a central role in definitive hematopoiesis, and its overexpression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a stem cell signature and poor prognosis. Yet how ERG causes leukemia is unclear. Here we show that pan-hematopoietic ERG expression induces an early progenitor myeloid leukemia in transgenic mice. Integrated genome-scale analysis of gene expression and ERG binding profiles revealed that ERG activates a transcriptional program similar to human AML stem/progenitor cells and to human AML with high ERG expression. This transcriptional program was associated with activation of RAS that was required for leukemia cells growth in vitro and in vivo. We further show that ERG induces expression of the Pim1 kinase oncogene through a novel hematopoietic enhancer validated in transgenic mice and human CD34(+) normal and leukemic cells. Pim1 inhibition disrupts growth and induces apoptosis of ERG-expressing leukemic cells. The importance of the ERG/PIM1 axis is further underscored by the poorer prognosis of AML highly expressing ERG and PIM1. Thus, integrative genomic analysis demonstrates that ERG causes myeloid progenitor leukemia characterized by an induction of leukemia stem cell transcriptional programs. Pim1 and the RAS pathway are potential therapeutic targets of these high-risk leukemias.
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26
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Abstract
The calcium regulated calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway modulates the physiology of numerous cell types, including hematopoietic. Upon activation, calcineurin dephosphorylates NFAT family transcription factors, triggering their nuclear entry and activation or repression of target genes. NFATc1 and c2 isoforms are expressed in megakaryocytes. Moreover, human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) encodes several negative regulators of calcineurin-NFAT, candidates in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (trisomy 21)-associated transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. To investigate the role of calcineurin-NFAT in megakaryopoiesis, we examined wild-type mice treated with the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A and transgenic mice expressing a targeted single extra copy of Dscr1, an Hsa21-encoded calcineurin inhibitor. Both murine models exhibited thrombocytosis with increased megakaryocytes and megakaryocyte progenitors. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of calcineurin in mice caused accumulation of megakaryocytes exhibiting enhanced 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine uptake and increased expression of messenger RNAs encoding CDK4 and G1 cyclins, which promote cell division. Additionally, human megakaryocytes with trisomy 21 show increased proliferation and decreased NFAT activation compared with euploid controls. Our data indicate that inhibition of calcineurin-NFAT drives proliferation of megakaryocyte precursors by de-repressing genes that drive cell division, providing insights into mechanisms of normal megakaryopoiesis and megakaryocytic abnormalities that accompany Down syndrome.
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27
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Ng AP. Hematopoietic stem cells, progenitor cells and leukemic stem cells in adult myeloproliferative neoplasms. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:922-33. [PMID: 23013358 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.734615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of myeloproliferative neoplasms has changed dramatically since Dameshek proposed his classification over 50 years ago. Our knowledge of the types of cells which constitute the hematopoietic system and of how they are regulated has also appreciated significantly over this time. This review relates what is currently known about the acquired genetic mutations associated with adult myeloproliferative neoplasms to how they lead to the hematopoietic perturbations of myeloproliferative disease. There is a particular focus on how stem and progenitor cell compartments are affected by BCR-ABL1 and JAK2V617F mutations, and the particular issue of resistance of leukemic stem cells to conventional and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P Ng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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