1
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Lu ZG, Chen W, Lee Phillips D, Li MD. Controllable Photocleavage of Blebbistatin Derivatives as Photoremovable Protecting Groups. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7507-7512. [PMID: 37581610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Blebbistatin was demonstrated as a promising two-photon near-infrared activated photoremovable protecting group of hydroxyl radicals with various potential applications. However, the photocleavage mechanism of the blebbistatin derivatives remains ambiguous. Herein, blebbistatin derivatives with various electronic characteristic leaving groups were synthesized and studied, and the photocleavage mechanism(s) and the tunable effect of the leaving groups were unveiled by combining photoproduct analysis, reactive oxygen radical species detection, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculation. More substantial electron-withdrawing leaving groups facilitate heterolysis of the C-O bond, which results in a cationic intermediate and a corresponding remnant. Weaker electron-withdrawing groups lead to a higher proportion of homolysis of the C-O bond, accompanied by the generation of the reactive oxygen radical species. With this structure-property relationship, the protected groups of the molecules of interest can be rationally chosen to satisfy the different requirements needed for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, China
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2
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Skory RM, Moverley AA, Ardestani G, Alvarez Y, Domingo-Muelas A, Pomp O, Hernandez B, Tetlak P, Bissiere S, Stern CD, Sakkas D, Plachta N. The nuclear lamina couples mechanical forces to cell fate in the preimplantation embryo via actin organization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3101. [PMID: 37248263 PMCID: PMC10226985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During preimplantation development, contractile forces generated at the apical cortex segregate cells into inner and outer positions of the embryo, establishing the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm. To which extent these forces influence ICM-trophectoderm fate remains unresolved. Here, we found that the nuclear lamina is coupled to the cortex via an F-actin meshwork in mouse and human embryos. Actomyosin contractility increases during development, upregulating Lamin-A levels, but upon internalization cells lose their apical cortex and downregulate Lamin-A. Low Lamin-A shifts the localization of actin nucleators from nucleus to cytoplasm increasing cytoplasmic F-actin abundance. This results in stabilization of Amot, Yap phosphorylation and acquisition of ICM over trophectoderm fate. By contrast, in outer cells, Lamin-A levels increase with contractility. This prevents Yap phosphorylation enabling Cdx2 to specify the trophectoderm. Thus, forces transmitted to the nuclear lamina control actin organization to differentially regulate the factors specifying lineage identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Skory
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam A Moverley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | | | - Yanina Alvarez
- Universidad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Domingo-Muelas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oz Pomp
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Blake Hernandez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Piotr Tetlak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie Bissiere
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicolas Plachta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Liu S, Kanchanawong P. Emerging interplay of cytoskeletal architecture, cytomechanics and pluripotency. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275761. [PMID: 35726598 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are capable of differentiating into all three germ layers and trophoblasts, whereas tissue-specific adult stem cells have a more limited lineage potency. Although the importance of the cytoskeletal architecture and cytomechanical properties in adult stem cell differentiation have been widely appreciated, how they contribute to mechanotransduction in PSCs is less well understood. Here, we discuss recent insights into the interplay of cellular architecture, cell mechanics and the pluripotent states of PSCs. Notably, the distinctive cytomechanical and morphodynamic profiles of PSCs are accompanied by a number of unique molecular mechanisms. The extent to which such mechanobiological signatures are intertwined with pluripotency regulation remains an open question that may have important implications in developmental morphogenesis and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Liu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore
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4
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Moreno-Mármol T, Ledesma-Terrón M, Tabanera N, Martin-Bermejo MJ, Cardozo MJ, Cavodeassi F, Bovolenta P. Stretching of the retinal pigment epithelium contributes to zebrafish optic cup morphogenesis. eLife 2021; 10:63396. [PMID: 34545806 PMCID: PMC8530511 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate eye primordium consists of a pseudostratified neuroepithelium, the optic vesicle (OV), in which cells acquire neural retina or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) fates. As these fates arise, the OV assumes a cup shape, influenced by mechanical forces generated within the neural retina. Whether the RPE passively adapts to retinal changes or actively contributes to OV morphogenesis remains unexplored. We generated a zebrafish Tg(E1-bhlhe40:GFP) line to track RPE morphogenesis and interrogate its participation in OV folding. We show that, in virtual absence of proliferation, RPE cells stretch and flatten, thereby matching the retinal curvature and promoting OV folding. Localized interference with the RPE cytoskeleton disrupts tissue stretching and OV folding. Thus, extreme RPE flattening and accelerated differentiation are efficient solutions adopted by fast-developing species to enable timely optic cup formation. This mechanism differs in amniotes, in which proliferation drives RPE expansion with a much-reduced need of cell flattening. Rounded eyeballs help to optimize vision – but how do they acquire their distinctive shape? In animals with backbones, including humans, the eye begins to form early in development. A single layer of embryonic tissue called the optic vesicle reorganizes itself into a two-layered structure: a thin outer layer of cells, known as the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE for short), and a thicker inner layer called the neural retina. If this process fails, the animal may be born blind or visually impaired. How this flat two-layered structure becomes round is still being investigated. In fish, studies have shown that the inner cell layer – the neural retina – generates mechanical forces that cause the developing tissue to curve inwards to form a cup-like shape. But it was unclear whether the outer layer of cells (the RPE) also contributed to this process. Moreno-Marmol et al. were able to investigate this question by genetically modifying zebrafish to make all new RPE cells fluoresce. Following the early development of the zebrafish eye under a microscope revealed that RPE cells flattened themselves into long thin structures that stretched to cover the entire neural retina. This change was made possible by the cell’s internal skeleton reorganizing. In fact, preventing this reorganization stopped the RPE cells from flattening, and precluded the optic cup from acquiring its curved shape. The results thus confirmed a direct role for the RPE in generating curvature. The entire process did not require the RPE to produce new cells, allowing the curved shape to emerge in just a few hours. This is a major advantage for fast-developing species such as zebrafish. In species whose embryos develop more slowly, such as mice and humans, the RPE instead grows by producing additional cells – a process that takes many days. The development of the eye thus shows how various species use different evolutionary approaches to achieve a common goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moreno-Mármol
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Ledesma-Terrón
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Tabanera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Martin-Bermejo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos J Cardozo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Changes in the expression and functional activities of Myosin II isoforms in human hyperplastic prostate. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:167-183. [PMID: 33393635 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease among aging males with the etiology remaining unclear. We recently found myosin II was abundantly expressed in rat and cultured human prostate cells with permissive roles in the dynamic and static components. The present study aimed to explore the expression and functional activities of myosin II isoforms including smooth muscle (SM) myosin II (SMM II) and non-muscle myosin II (NMM II) in the hyperplastic prostate. Human prostate cell lines and tissues from normal human and BPH patients were used. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemical staining, in vitro organ bath, RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western-blotting were performed. We further created cell models with NMM II isoforms silenced and proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis of prostate cells were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. Hyperplastic prostate SM expressed more SM1 and LC17b isoforms compared with their alternatively spliced counterparts, favoring a slower more tonic-type contraction and greater force generation. For BPH group, blebbistatin (BLEB, a selective myosin II inhibitor), exhibited a stronger effect on relaxing phenylephrine (PE) pre-contracted prostate strips and inhibiting PE-induced contraction. Additionally, NMMHC-A and NMMHC-B were up-regulated in hyperplastic prostate with no change in NMMHC-C. Knockdown of NMMHC-A or NMMHC-B inhibited prostate cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, with no changes in cell cycle. Our novel data demonstrate that expression and functional activities of myosin II isoforms are altered in human hyperplastic prostate, suggesting a new pathological mechanism for BPH. Thus, the myosin II system may provide potential new therapeutic targets for BPH/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
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6
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Suthar SK, Rauscher AÁ, Winternitz M, Gyimesi M, Málnási-Csizmadia A. Chiral HPLC separation of enantiomeric blebbistatin derivatives and racemization analysis in vertebrate tissues. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114246. [PMID: 34271288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple and consistent chiral HPLC methods for the efficient separation of enantiomeric blebbistatin derivatives, namely parent compound blebbistatin and derivatives 4-nitroblebbistatin, 4-aminoblebbistatin, 4-dimethylaminoblebbistatin, and 4-t-butylblebbistatin were developed using cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase (Lux cellulose-1 column). Blebbistatin, 4-aminoblebbistatin, and 4-dimethylaminoblebbistatin racemates were well-separated in normal-phase HPLC conditions while 4-nitroblebbistatin and 4-t-butylblebbistatin were effectively separated in both normal- and reversed-phase HPLC conditions. Furthermore, the order of elution of enantiopure compounds was found to be independent of mobile phase compositions and conditions used, and solely depends on the interaction between the enantiomer and the chiral stationary phase. We found that despite the chiral center being present far from the D-ring in the blebbistatin structure, the D-ring substitutions prominently affect the chiral separation. Ex vivo racemization studies of the most popular blebbistatin derivative (S)-(-)-4-aminoblebbistatin in rat blood and brain tissues revealed that the compound does not convert into the inactive enantiomer. This confirms that (S)-(-)-4-aminoblebbistatin is a useful tool compound in cellular and molecular biology studies without the risks of racemization and degradation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Kumar Suthar
- Printnet Limited, Kisgömb utca 25-27, 1135, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Á Rauscher
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Motorpharma Ltd., Szilágyi Erzsébet fasor 27, 1026, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Winternitz
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Gyimesi
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Motorpharma Ltd., Szilágyi Erzsébet fasor 27, 1026, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Málnási-Csizmadia
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Motorpharma Ltd., Szilágyi Erzsébet fasor 27, 1026, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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7
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Duszyc K, Gomez GA, Lagendijk AK, Yau MK, Nanavati BN, Gliddon BL, Hall TE, Verma S, Hogan BM, Pitson SM, Fairlie DP, Parton RG, Yap AS. Mechanotransduction activates RhoA in the neighbors of apoptotic epithelial cells to engage apical extrusion. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1326-1336.e5. [PMID: 33581074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia must eliminate apoptotic cells to preserve tissue barriers and prevent inflammation.1 Several different mechanisms exist for apoptotic clearance, including efferocytosis2,3 and apical extrusion.4,5 We found that extrusion was the first-line response to apoptosis in cultured monolayers and in zebrafish epidermis. During extrusion, the apoptotic cell elicited active lamellipodial protrusions and assembly of a contractile extrusion ring in its neighbors. Depleting E-cadherin compromised both the contractile ring and extrusion, implying that a cadherin-dependent pathway allows apoptotic cells to engage their neighbors for extrusion. We identify RhoA as the cadherin-dependent signal in the neighbor cells and show that it is activated in response to contractile tension from the apoptotic cell. This mechanical stimulus is conveyed by a myosin-VI-dependent mechanotransduction pathway that is necessary both for extrusion and to preserve the epithelial barrier when apoptosis was stimulated. Earlier studies suggested that release of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) from apoptotic cells might define where RhoA was activated. However, we found that, although S1P is necessary for extrusion, its contribution does not require a localized source of S1P in the epithelium. We therefore propose a unified view of how RhoA is stimulated to engage neighbor cells for apoptotic extrusion. Here, tension-sensitive mechanotransduction is the proximate mechanism that activates RhoA specifically in the immediate neighbors of apoptotic cells, but this also must be primed by S1P in the tissue environment. Together, these elements provide a coincidence detection system that confers robustness on the extrusion response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Duszyc
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anne K Lagendijk
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mei-Kwan Yau
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bageshri Naimish Nanavati
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Briony L Gliddon
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Thomas E Hall
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Suzie Verma
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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8
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Gyimesi M, Rauscher AÁ, Suthar SK, Hamow KÁ, Oravecz K, Lőrincz I, Borhegyi Z, Déri MT, Kiss ÁF, Monostory K, Szabó PT, Nag S, Tomasic I, Krans J, Tierney PJ, Kovács M, Kornya L, Málnási-Csizmadia A. Improved Inhibitory and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicology (ADMET) Properties of Blebbistatin Derivatives Indicate That Blebbistatin Scaffold Is Ideal for drug Development Targeting Myosin-2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 376:358-373. [PMID: 33468641 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blebbistatin, para-nitroblebbistatin (NBleb), and para-aminoblebbistatin (AmBleb) are highly useful tool compounds as they selectively inhibit the ATPase activity of myosin-2 family proteins. Despite the medical importance of the myosin-2 family as drug targets, chemical optimization has not yet provided a promising lead for drug development because previous structure-activity-relationship studies were limited to a single myosin-2 isoform. Here we evaluated the potential of blebbistatin scaffold for drug development and found that D-ring substitutions can fine-tune isoform specificity, absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion, and toxicological properties. We defined the inhibitory properties of NBleb and AmBleb on seven different myosin-2 isoforms, which revealed an unexpected potential for isoform specific inhibition. We also found that NBleb metabolizes six times slower than blebbistatin and AmBleb in rats, whereas AmBleb metabolizes two times slower than blebbistatin and NBleb in human, and that AmBleb accumulates in muscle tissues. Moreover, mutagenicity was also greatly reduced in case of AmBleb. These results demonstrate that small substitutions have beneficial functional and pharmacological consequences, which highlight the potential of the blebbistatin scaffold for drug development targeting myosin-2 family proteins and delineate a route for defining the chemical properties of further derivatives to be developed. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Small substitutions on the blebbistatin scaffold have beneficial functional and pharmacological consequences, highlighting their potential in drug development targeting myosin-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Gyimesi
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Anna Á Rauscher
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Sharad Kumar Suthar
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Kamirán Á Hamow
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Kinga Oravecz
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - István Lőrincz
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Zsolt Borhegyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Máté T Déri
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Ádám F Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Pál Tamás Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Suman Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Ivan Tomasic
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Jacob Krans
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Patrick J Tierney
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - Mihály Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - László Kornya
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
| | - András Málnási-Csizmadia
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest and Martonvásár, Hungary (M.G., K.O., I.L., Z.B., M.K., A.M.-C.); MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary (M.G., M.K., A.M.-C.); Motorharma Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (A.Á.R.); Printnet Ltd., Budapest, Hungary (S.K.S., I.L.); Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary (K.Á.H.); Metabolic Drug Interactions Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (M.T.D., Á.F.K., K.M.); Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Center, MS Metabolomic Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (P.T.S.); Department of Biology, MyoKardia Inc., Brisbane, California (S.N., I.T.); Department of Neuroscience, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts (J.K., P.J.T.); and Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary (L.K.)
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9
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Horváth ÁI, Gyimesi M, Várkuti BH, Képiró M, Szegvári G, Lőrincz I, Hegyi G, Kovács M, Málnási-Csizmadia A. Effect of allosteric inhibition of non-muscle myosin 2 on its intracellular diffusion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13341. [PMID: 32769996 PMCID: PMC7415145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcellular dynamics of non-muscle myosin 2 (NM2) is crucial for a broad-array of cellular functions. To unveil mechanisms of NM2 pharmacological control, we determined how the dynamics of NM2 diffusion is affected by NM2′s allosteric inhibitors, i.e. blebbistatin derivatives, as compared to Y-27632 inhibiting ROCK, NM2′s upstream regulator. We found that NM2 diffusion is markedly faster in central fibers than in peripheral stress fibers. Y-27632 accelerated NM2 diffusion in both peripheral and central fibers, whereas in peripheral fibers blebbistatin derivatives slightly accelerated NM2 diffusion at low, but markedly slowed it at high inhibitor concentrations. In contrast, rapid NM2 diffusion in central fibers was unaffected by direct NM2 inhibition. Using our optopharmacological tool, Molecular Tattoo, sub-effective concentrations of a photo-crosslinkable blebbistatin derivative were increased to effective levels in a small, irradiated area of peripheral fibers. These findings suggest that direct allosteric inhibition affects the diffusion profile of NM2 in a markedly different manner compared to the disruption of the upstream control of NM2. The pharmacological action of myosin inhibitors is channeled through autonomous molecular processes and might be affected by the load acting on the NM2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám I Horváth
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Gyimesi
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka H Várkuti
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Képiró
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szegvári
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Lőrincz
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Hegyi
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kovács
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Málnási-Csizmadia
- MTA-ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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10
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Kumari S, Mak M, Poh YC, Tohme M, Watson N, Melo M, Janssen E, Dustin M, Geha R, Irvine DJ. Cytoskeletal tension actively sustains the migratory T-cell synaptic contact. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102783. [PMID: 31894880 PMCID: PMC7049817 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When migratory T cells encounter antigen-presenting cells (APCs), they arrest and form radially symmetric, stable intercellular junctions termed immunological synapses which facilitate exchange of crucial biochemical information and are critical for T-cell immunity. While the cellular processes underlying synapse formation have been well characterized, those that maintain the symmetry, and thereby the stability of the synapse, remain unknown. Here we identify an antigen-triggered mechanism that actively promotes T-cell synapse symmetry by generating cytoskeletal tension in the plane of the synapse through focal nucleation of actin via Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), and contraction of the resultant actin filaments by myosin II. Following T-cell activation, WASP is degraded, leading to cytoskeletal unraveling and tension decay, which result in synapse breaking. Thus, our study identifies and characterizes a mechanical program within otherwise highly motile T cells that sustains the symmetry and stability of the T cell-APC synaptic contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Kumari
- Koch Institute of Integrative Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Harvard, MIT and MGH, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Mak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yeh-Chuin Poh
- Koch Institute of Integrative Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mira Tohme
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicki Watson
- Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariane Melo
- Koch Institute of Integrative Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Harvard, MIT and MGH, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erin Janssen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raif Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute of Integrative Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Harvard, MIT and MGH, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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11
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Chan FY, Silva AM, Carvalho AX. Using the Four-Cell C. elegans Embryo to Study Contractile Ring Dynamics During Cytokinesis. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2101:297-325. [PMID: 31879911 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0219-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the process that completes cell division by partitioning the contents of the mother cell between the two daughter cells. It involves the highly regulated assembly and constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring, whose function is to pinch the mother cell in two. Research on the contractile ring has particularly focused on the signaling mechanisms that dictate when and where the ring is formed. In vivo studies of ring constriction are however scarce and its mechanistic understanding is therefore limited. Here we present several experimental approaches for monitoring ring constriction in vivo, using the four-cell C. elegans embryo as model. These approaches allow for the ring to be perturbed only after it forms and include the combination of live imaging with acute drug treatments, temperature-sensitive mutants and rapid temperature shifts, as well as laser microsurgery. In addition, we explain how to combine these with RNAi-mediated depletion of specific components of the cytokinetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung Yi Chan
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Xavier Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Ma N, Zhang ZM, Lee JS, Cheng K, Lin L, Zhang DM, Hao P, Ding K, Ye WC, Li Z. Affinity-Based Protein Profiling Reveals Cellular Targets of Photoreactive Anticancer Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2546-2552. [PMID: 31742988 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Affinity-based protein profiling has proven to be a powerful method in target identification of bioactive molecules. Here, this technology was applied in two photoreactive anticancer inhibitors, arenobufagin and HM30181. Using UV irradiation, these photoreactive reagents can covalently cross-link to target proteins, leading to a covalent binding with target proteins. Moreover, the cellular on/off targets of these two molecules, including ATP1A1, MDR1, PARP1, DDX5, NOP2, RAB6A, and ERGIC1 were first identified by affinity-based protein profiling and bioimaging approaches. The protein hit, PARP1, was further validated to be involved in the function of the anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of Education (MOE) of People’s Republic of China, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of Education (MOE) of People’s Republic of China, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Ke Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of Education (MOE) of People’s Republic of China, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of Education (MOE) of People’s Republic of China, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Piliang Hao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of Education (MOE) of People’s Republic of China, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of Education (MOE) of People’s Republic of China, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of Education (MOE) of People’s Republic of China, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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13
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Rahman MA, Ušaj M, Rassier DE, Månsson A. Blebbistatin Effects Expose Hidden Secrets in the Force-Generating Cycle of Actin and Myosin. Biophys J 2019; 115:386-397. [PMID: 30021113 PMCID: PMC6050972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic interactions between myosin II motors and actin filaments driven by ATP turnover underlie muscle contraction and have key roles in the motility of nonmuscle cells. A remaining enigma in the understanding of this interaction is the relationship between the force-generating structural change and the release of the ATP-hydrolysis product, inorganic phosphate (Pi), from the active site of myosin. Here, we use the small molecular compound blebbistatin to probe otherwise hidden states and transitions in this process. Different hypotheses for the Pi release mechanism are tested by interpreting experimental results from in vitro motility assays and isolated muscle fibers in terms of mechanokinetic actomyosin models. The data fit with ideas that actomyosin force generation is preceded by Pi release, which in turn is preceded by two serial transitions after/coincident with cross-bridge attachment. Blebbistatin changes the rate limitation of the cycle from the first to the second of these transitions, uncovering functional roles of an otherwise short-lived pre-power stroke state that has been implicated by structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Marko Ušaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Dilson E Rassier
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alf Månsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
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14
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Booth AJ, Yue Z, Eykelenboom JK, Stiff T, Luxton GG, Hochegger H, Tanaka TU. Contractile acto-myosin network on nuclear envelope remnants positions human chromosomes for mitosis. eLife 2019; 8:46902. [PMID: 31264963 PMCID: PMC6634967 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To ensure proper segregation during mitosis, chromosomes must be efficiently captured by spindle microtubules and subsequently aligned on the mitotic spindle. The efficacy of chromosome interaction with the spindle can be influenced by how widely chromosomes are scattered in space. Here, we quantify chromosome-scattering volume (CSV) and find that it is reduced soon after nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) in human cells. The CSV reduction occurs primarily independently of microtubules and is therefore not an outcome of interactions between chromosomes and the spindle. We find that, prior to NEBD, an acto-myosin network is assembled in a LINC complex-dependent manner on the cytoplasmic surface of the nuclear envelope. This acto-myosin network remains on nuclear envelope remnants soon after NEBD, and its myosin-II-mediated contraction reduces CSV and facilitates timely chromosome congression and correct segregation. Thus, we find a novel mechanism that positions chromosomes in early mitosis to ensure efficient and correct chromosome-spindle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jr Booth
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Zuojun Yue
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - John K Eykelenboom
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Stiff
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Gw Gant Luxton
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoyuki U Tanaka
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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15
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Li MD, Wong NK, Xiao J, Zhu R, Wu L, Dai SY, Chen F, Huang G, Xu L, Bai X, Geraskina MR, Winter AH, Chen X, Liu Y, Fang W, Yang D, Phillips DL. Dynamics of Oxygen-Independent Photocleavage of Blebbistatin as a One-Photon Blue or Two-Photon Near-Infrared Light-Gated Hydroxyl Radical Photocage. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15957-15968. [PMID: 30269478 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of versatile, chemically tunable photocages for photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) represents an excellent opportunity to address the technical drawbacks of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) whose oxygen-dependent nature renders it inadequate in certain therapy contexts such as hypoxic tumors. As an alternative to PDT, oxygen free mechanisms to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by visible light cleavable photocages are in demand. Here, we report the detailed mechanisms by which the small molecule blebbistatin acts as a one-photon blue light-gated or two-photon near-infrared light-gated photocage to directly release a hydroxyl radical (•OH) in the absence of oxygen. By using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and chemoselective ROS fluorescent probes, we analyze the dynamics and fate of blebbistatin during photolysis under blue light. Water-dependent photochemistry reveals a critical process of water-assisted protonation and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) that drives the formation of short-lived intermediates, which surprisingly culminates in the release of •OH but not superoxide or singlet oxygen from blebbistatin. CASPT2//CASSCF calculations confirm that hydrogen bonding between water and blebbistatin underpins this process. We further determine that blue light enables blebbistatin to induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, an attribute conducive to PACT development. Our work demonstrates blebbistatin as a controllable photocage for •OH generation and provides insight into the potential development of novel PACT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province , Shantou University , Shantou 515063 , China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China.,State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases , Shenzhen Third People's Hospital , Shenzhen 518112 , China
| | - Jia Xiao
- State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases , Shenzhen Third People's Hospital , Shenzhen 518112 , China
| | - Ruixue Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Xin-wai-da-jie 19 , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Sheng-Yao Dai
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases , Shenzhen Third People's Hospital , Shenzhen 518112 , China
| | - Guanheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province , Shantou University , Shantou 515063 , China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province , Shantou University , Shantou 515063 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Bai
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Margarita R Geraskina
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 2101d Hach Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Arthur H Winter
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 2101d Hach Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Xin-wai-da-jie 19 , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases , Shenzhen Third People's Hospital , Shenzhen 518112 , China
| | - Weihai Fang
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Xin-wai-da-jie 19 , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
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16
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Rauscher AÁ, Gyimesi M, Kovács M, Málnási-Csizmadia A. Targeting Myosin by Blebbistatin Derivatives: Optimization and Pharmacological Potential. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:700-713. [PMID: 30057142 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blebbistatin is a widely used inhibitor of myosin 2 that enables the study of a broad range of cytoskeleton-related processes. However, blebbistatin has several limitations hindering its applicability: it is fluorescent, poorly water soluble, cytotoxic, and prone to (photo)degradation. Despite these adverse effects, being the only available myosin 2-specific inhibitor, blebbistatin is rather a choice of necessity. Blebbistatin has been modified to improve its properties and some of the new compounds have proven to be useful replacements of the original molecule. This review summarizes recent results on blebbistatin development. We also discuss the pharmacological perspectives of these efforts, as myosins are becoming promising drug target candidates for a variety of conditions ranging from neurodegeneration to muscle disease, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Á Rauscher
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Gyimesi
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kovács
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Málnási-Csizmadia
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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17
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Roman BI, Verhasselt S, Mangodt CW, De Wever O, Stevens CV. Synthesis of C-ring-modified blebbistatin derivatives and evaluation of their myosin II ATPase inhibitory potency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2261-2264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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18
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Abstract
( S)-Blebbistatin, a chiral tetrahydropyrroloquinolinone, is a widely used and well-characterized ATPase inhibitor selective for myosin II. The central role of myosin II in many normal and pathological biological processes has been revealed with the aid of this small molecule. The first part of this manuscript provides a summary of myosin II and ( S)-blebbistatin literature from a medicinal chemist's perspective. The second part of this perspective deals with the physicochemical deficiencies that trouble the use of ( S)-blebbistatin in advanced biological settings: low potency and solubility, fluorescence interference, (photo)toxicity, and stability issues. A large toolbox of analogues has been developed in which particular shortcomings have been addressed. This perspective provides a necessary overview of these developments and presents guidelines for selecting the best available analogue for a given application. As the unmet need for high-potency analogues remains, we also propose starting points for medicinal chemists in search of nanomolar myosin II inhibitors.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Kant Chaudhuri
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Level 9, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Level 9, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- University Scholars Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138593, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Level 9, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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20
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Roman BI, Guedes RC, Stevens CV, García-Sosa AT. Recovering Actives in Multi-Antitarget and Target Design of Analogs of the Myosin II Inhibitor Blebbistatin. Front Chem 2018; 6:179. [PMID: 29881723 PMCID: PMC5976736 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In multitarget drug design, it is critical to identify active and inactive compounds against a variety of targets and antitargets. Multitarget strategies thus test the limits of available technology, be that in screening large databases of compounds vs. a large number of targets, or in using in silico methods for understanding and reliably predicting these pharmacological outcomes. In this paper, we have evaluated the potential of several in silico approaches to predict the target, antitarget and physicochemical profile of (S)-blebbistatin, the best-known myosin II ATPase inhibitor, and a series of analogs thereof. Standard and augmented structure-based design techniques could not recover the observed activity profiles. A ligand-based method using molecular fingerprints was, however, able to select actives for myosin II inhibition. Using further ligand- and structure-based methods, we also evaluated toxicity through androgen receptor binding, affinity for an array of antitargets and the ADME profile (including assay-interfering compounds) of the series. In conclusion, in the search for (S)-blebbistatin analogs, the dissimilarity distance of molecular fingerprints to known actives and the computed antitarget and physicochemical profile of the molecules can be used for compound design for molecules with potential as tools for modulating myosin II and motility-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart I Roman
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rita C Guedes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christian V Stevens
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfonso T García-Sosa
- Department of Molecular Technology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
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21
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Zenker J, White MD, Gasnier M, Alvarez YD, Lim HYG, Bissiere S, Biro M, Plachta N. Expanding Actin Rings Zipper the Mouse Embryo for Blastocyst Formation. Cell 2018; 173:776-791.e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Verhasselt S, Roman BI, De Wever O, Van Hecke K, Van Deun R, Bracke ME, Stevens CV. Discovery of (S)-3'-hydroxyblebbistatin and (S)-3'-aminoblebbistatin: polar myosin II inhibitors with superior research tool properties. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:2104-2118. [PMID: 28220174 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In search of myosin II inhibitors with superior research tool properties, a chemical optimization campaign of the blebbistatin scaffold was conducted in this paper. (S)-Blebbistatin is the best known small-molecule inhibitor of myosin II ATPase activity. Unfortunately, as a research tool this compound has several deficiencies: it is photolabile and (photo)toxic, has low water solubility, and its (fluorescent) precipitates interfere in (fluorescence) readouts. In view of obtaining tool compounds with improved properties, both enantiomers of a series of D-ring modified polar analogs were prepared. We identified (S)-3'-hydroxyblebbistatin (S)-2 and (S)-3'-aminoblebbistatin (S)-3 as two myosin II inhibitors with a 30-fold higher water solubility than (S)-blebbistatin. These molecules furthermore do not cause interference in (fluorescence) readouts. (S)-2 and (S)-3 thus are superior alternatives to (S)-blebbistatin as research tools to study myosin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Verhasselt
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bart I Roman
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rik Van Deun
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc E Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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23
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Verhasselt S, Stevens CV, Van den broecke T, Bracke ME, Roman BI. Insights into the myosin II inhibitory potency of A-ring-modified ( S )-blebbistatin analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2986-2989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Verhasselt S, Roman BI, Bracke ME, Stevens CV. Improved synthesis and comparative analysis of the tool properties of new and existing D-ring modified (S)-blebbistatin analogs. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:85-103. [PMID: 28486210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(S)-Blebbistatin is a widely used research tool to study myosin II, an important regulator of many motility based diseases. Its potency is too low to be of clinical relevance, but identification of analogs with enhanced potency could deliver leads for targeted pharmacotherapeutics. This, however, requires a profound insight into the structure-activity relationship of the (S)-blebbistatin scaffold. Therefore, new D-ring modified (S)-blebbistatin derivatives were prepared to extend the existing small library of analogs. These molecules were obtained via an improved synthesis pathway and their myosin II inhibitory properties were evaluated in vitro. Finally, all new and known D-ring modified (S)-blebbistatin analogs were compared and the most potent ones underwent a screening of their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Verhasselt
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Campus Coupure, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart I Roman
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Campus Coupure, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marc E Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Campus Coupure, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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25
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Marchenko OO, Das S, Yu J, Novak IL, Rodionov VI, Efimova N, Svitkina T, Wolgemuth CW, Loew LM. A minimal actomyosin-based model predicts the dynamics of filopodia on neuronal dendrites. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1021-1033. [PMID: 28228546 PMCID: PMC5391179 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of computational and experimental approaches is used to show that the complex dynamics of dendritic filopodia, which is essential for synaptogenesis, is explained by a conceptually simple interplay among actin retrograde flow, myosin contractility, and substrate adhesion. Dendritic filopodia are actin-filled dynamic subcellular structures that sprout on neuronal dendrites during neurogenesis. The exploratory motion of the filopodia is crucial for synaptogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To study filopodial motility, we collected and analyzed image data on filopodia in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We hypothesized that mechanical feedback among the actin retrograde flow, myosin activity, and substrate adhesion gives rise to various filopodial behaviors. We formulated a minimal one-dimensional partial differential equation model that reproduced the range of observed motility. To validate our model, we systematically manipulated experimental correlates of parameters in the model: substrate adhesion strength, actin polymerization rate, myosin contractility, and the integrity of the putative microtubule-based barrier at the filopodium base. The model predicts the response of the system to each of these experimental perturbations, supporting the hypothesis that our actomyosin-driven mechanism controls dendritic filopodia dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena O Marchenko
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Sulagna Das
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461
| | - Ji Yu
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Igor L Novak
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Vladimir I Rodionov
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Nadia Efimova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Tatyana Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Charles W Wolgemuth
- Departments of Physics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Leslie M Loew
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
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26
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Masters TA, Kendrick-Jones J, Buss F. Myosins: Domain Organisation, Motor Properties, Physiological Roles and Cellular Functions. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 235:77-122. [PMID: 27757761 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myosins are cytoskeletal motor proteins that use energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments. Humans express 38 myosin genes belonging to 12 classes that participate in a diverse range of crucial activities, including muscle contraction, intracellular trafficking, cell division, motility, actin cytoskeletal organisation and cell signalling. Myosin malfunction has been implicated a variety of disorders including deafness, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Usher syndrome, Griscelli syndrome and cancer. In this chapter, we will first discuss the key structural and kinetic features that are conserved across the myosin family. Thereafter, we summarise for each member in turn its unique functional and structural adaptations, cellular roles and associated pathologies. Finally, we address the broad therapeutic potential for pharmacological interventions that target myosin family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Masters
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | | | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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27
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A highly soluble, non-phototoxic, non-fluorescent blebbistatin derivative. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26141. [PMID: 27241904 PMCID: PMC4886532 DOI: 10.1038/srep26141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blebbistatin is a commonly used molecular tool for the specific inhibition of various myosin II isoforms both in vitro and in vivo. Despite its popularity, the use of blebbistatin is hindered by its poor water-solubility (below 10 micromolar in aqueous buffer) and blue-light sensitivity, resulting in the photoconversion of the molecule, causing severe cellular phototoxicity in addition to its cytotoxicity. Furthermore, blebbistatin forms insoluble aggregates in water-based media above 10 micromolar with extremely high fluorescence and also high adherence to different types of surfaces, which biases its experimental usage. Here, we report a highly soluble (440 micromolar in aqueous buffer), non-fluorescent and photostable C15 amino-substituted derivative of blebbistatin, called para-aminoblebbistatin. Importantly, it is neither photo- nor cytotoxic, as demonstrated on HeLa cells and zebrafish embryos. Additionally, para-aminoblebbistatin bears similar myosin II inhibitory properties to blebbistatin or para-nitroblebbistatin (not to be confused with the C7 substituted nitroblebbistatin), tested on rabbit skeletal muscle myosin S1 and on M2 and HeLa cells. Due to its drastically improved solubility and photochemical feature, as well as lack of photo- or cytotoxicity, para-aminoblebbistatin may become a feasible replacement for blebbistatin, especially at applications when high concentrations of the inhibitor or blue light irradiation is required.
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28
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Heissler SM, Sellers JR. Various Themes of Myosin Regulation. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:1927-46. [PMID: 26827725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Members of the myosin superfamily are actin-based molecular motors that are indispensable for cellular homeostasis. The vast functional and structural diversity of myosins accounts for the variety and complexity of the underlying allosteric regulatory mechanisms that determine the activation or inhibition of myosin motor activity and enable precise timing and spatial aspects of myosin function at the cellular level. This review focuses on the molecular basis of posttranslational regulation of eukaryotic myosins from different classes across species by allosteric intrinsic and extrinsic effectors. First, we highlight the impact of heavy and light chain phosphorylation. Second, we outline intramolecular regulatory mechanisms such as autoinhibition and subsequent activation. Third, we discuss diverse extramolecular allosteric mechanisms ranging from actin-linked regulatory mechanisms to myosin:cargo interactions. At last, we briefly outline the allosteric regulation of myosins with synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heissler
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, B50/3529, Bethesda, MD 20892-8015, USA.
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, B50/3529, Bethesda, MD 20892-8015, USA
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29
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Molecular Tattoo: Subcellular Confinement of Drug Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:548-558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Képiró M, Várkuti BH, Végner L, Vörös G, Hegyi G, Varga M, Málnási-Csizmadia A. para-Nitroblebbistatin, the Non-Cytotoxic and Photostable Myosin II Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Képiró M, Várkuti BH, Végner L, Vörös G, Hegyi G, Varga M, Málnási-Csizmadia A. para-Nitroblebbistatin, the non-cytotoxic and photostable myosin II inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8211-5. [PMID: 24954740 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Blebbistatin, the best characterized myosin II-inhibitor, is commonly used to study the biological roles of various myosin II isoforms. Despite its popularity, the use of blebbistatin is greatly hindered by its blue-light sensitivity, resulting in phototoxicity and photoconversion of the molecule. Additionally, blebbistatin has serious cytotoxic side effects even in the absence of irradiation, which may easily lead to the misinterpretation of experimental results since the cytotoxicity-derived phenotype could be attributed to the inhibition of the myosin II function. Here we report the synthesis as well as the in vitro and in vivo characterization of a photostable, C15 nitro derivative of blebbistatin with unaffected myosin II inhibitory properties. Importantly, para-nitroblebbistatin is neither phototoxic nor cytotoxic, as shown by cellular and animal tests; therefore it can serve as an unrestricted and complete replacement of blebbistatin both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Képiró
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest (Hungary)
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Bond LM, Tumbarello DA, Kendrick-Jones J, Buss F. Small-molecule inhibitors of myosin proteins. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:41-52. [PMID: 23256812 PMCID: PMC3971371 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in screening and computational methods have enhanced recent efforts to discover/design small-molecule protein inhibitors. One attractive target for inhibition is the myosin family of motor proteins. Myosins function in a wide variety of cellular processes, from intracellular trafficking to cell motility, and are implicated in several human diseases (e.g., cancer, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, deafness and many neurological disorders). Potent and selective myosin inhibitors are, therefore, not only a tool for understanding myosin function, but are also a resource for developing treatments for diseases involving myosin dysfunction or overactivity. This review will provide a brief overview of the characteristics and scientific/therapeutic applications of the presently identified small-molecule myosin inhibitors before discussing the future of myosin inhibitor and activator design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bond
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David A Tumbarello
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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