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Wang L, Liu M, Yu S, Xu P, He X, Wang K, Wang J, Zhan M. Effect of an echo sequence to a trapped single-atom interferometer with photon momentum kicks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15038-15049. [PMID: 32403537 DOI: 10.1364/oe.385700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a single-atom interferometer (SAI) in an optical dipole trap (ODT) with photon momentum kicks. An echo sequence is used for the SAI. We find experimentally that interference visibilities of a counter-propagating Raman type SAI decay much faster than the co-propagating case. To understand the underlying mechanism, a wave-packet propagating simulation is developed for the ODT-guided SAI. We show that in state dependent dipole potentials, the coupling between external dynamics and internal states makes the atom evolve in different paths during the interfering process. The acquired momentum from counter-propagating Raman pulses forces the external motional wave packets of two paths be completely separated and the interferometer visibility decays quickly compared to that of the co-propagating Raman pulses process. Meanwhile, the echo interference visibility experiences revival or instantaneous collapse which depends on the π pulse adding time at approximate integer multiples or half integer multiples of the trap period.
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2
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Lu XJ, Ruschhaupt A, Martínez-Garaot S, Muga JG. Noise Sensitivities for an Atom Shuttled by a Moving Optical Lattice via Shortcuts to Adiabaticity. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22030262. [PMID: 33286036 PMCID: PMC7516713 DOI: 10.3390/e22030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We find the noise sensitivities (i.e., the quadratic terms of the energy with respect to the perturbation of the noise) of a particle shuttled by an optical lattice that moves according to a shortcut-to-adiabaticity transport protocol. Noises affecting different optical lattice parameters, trap depth, position, and lattice periodicity, are considered. We find generic expressions of the sensitivities for arbitrary noise spectra but focus on the white-noise limit as a basic reference, and on Ornstein–Uhlenbeck noise to account for the effect of non-zero correlation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Lu
- School of Electric and Mechatronics Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China;
| | | | - Sofía Martínez-Garaot
- Departamento de Química Física, UPV/EHU, Apdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Gonzalo Muga
- Departamento de Química Física, UPV/EHU, Apdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain;
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3
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Li G, Tian Y, Wu W, Li S, Li X, Liu Y, Zhang P, Zhang T. Triply Magic Conditions for Microwave Transition of Optically Trapped Alkali-Metal Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:253602. [PMID: 31922798 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.253602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the finding of "triply magic" conditions (the doubly magic frequency-intensity conditions of an optical dipole trap plus the magic magnetic field) for the microwave transitions of optically trapped alkali-metal atoms. The differential light shift (DLS) induced by a degenerate two-photon process is adopted to compensate a DLS associated with the one-photon process. Thus, doubly magic conditions for the intensity and frequency of the optical trap beam can be found. Moreover, the DLS decouples from the magnetic field in a linearly polarized optical dipole trap, so that the magic condition of the magnetic field can be applied independently. Therefore, the triply magic conditions can be realized simultaneously. We also experimentally demonstrate the doubly magic frequency-intensity conditions as well as the independence of the magnetic field. When the triply magic conditions are fulfilled, the inhomogeneous and homogeneous decoherences for the optically trapped atom will be dramatically suppressed, and the coherence time can be extended significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yali Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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4
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Lebrat M, Häusler S, Fabritius P, Husmann D, Corman L, Esslinger T. Quantized Conductance through a Spin-Selective Atomic Point Contact. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:193605. [PMID: 31765220 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.193605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We implement a microscopic spin filter for cold fermionic atoms in a quantum point contact (QPC) and create fully spin-polarized currents while retaining conductance quantization. Key to our scheme is a near-resonant optical tweezer inducing a large effective Zeeman shift inside the QPC while its local character limits dissipation. We observe a renormalization of this shift due to interactions of only a few atoms in the QPC. Our work represents the analog of an actual spintronic device and paves the way to studying the interplay between spin splitting and interactions far from equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lebrat
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Häusler
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Laura Corman
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Dadras S, Gresch A, Groiseau C, Wimberger S, Summy GS. Quantum Walk in Momentum Space with a Bose-Einstein Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:070402. [PMID: 30169047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.070402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a discrete-time, one-dimensional quantum walk based on the entanglement between the momentum of ultracold rubidium atoms (the walk space) and two internal atomic states (the "coin" degree of freedom). Our scheme is highly flexible and can provide a platform for a wide range of applications such as quantum search algorithms, the observation of topological phases, and the realization of walks with higher dimensionality. Along with the investigation of the quantum-to-classical transition, we demonstrate the distinctive features of a quantum walk and contrast them to those of its classical counterpart. Also, by manipulating either the walk or coin operator, we show how the walk dynamics can be steered or even reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Dadras
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072, USA
| | - Alexander Gresch
- ITP, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caspar Groiseau
- ITP, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Wimberger
- ITP, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gil S Summy
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072, USA
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6
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Roos CF, Alberti A, Meschede D, Hauke P, Häffner H. Revealing Quantum Statistics with a Pair of Distant Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:160401. [PMID: 29099213 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.160401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum statistics have a profound impact on the properties of systems composed of identical particles. At the most elementary level, Bose and Fermi quantum statistics differ in the exchange phase, either 0 or π, which the wave function acquires when two identical particles are exchanged. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the exchange phase can be directly probed with a pair of massive particles by physically exchanging their positions. We present two protocols where the particles always remain spatially well separated, thus ensuring that the exchange contribution to their interaction energy is negligible and that the detected signal can only be attributed to the exchange symmetry of the wave function. We discuss possible implementations with a pair of trapped atoms or ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Roos
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Otto-Hittmair-Platz 1, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Alberti
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Meschede
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - P Hauke
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Otto-Hittmair-Platz 1, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Häffner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Abstract
We study the shuttling of an atom in a trap with controllable position and frequency. Using invariant-based inverse engineering, protocols in which the trap is simultaneously displaced and expanded are proposed to speed up transport between stationary trap locations as well as launching processes with narrow final-velocity distributions. Depending on the physical constraints imposed, either simultaneous or sequential approaches may be faster. We consider first a perfectly harmonic trap, and then extend the treatment to generic traps. Finally, we apply this general framework to a double-well potential to separate different motional states with different launching velocities.
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8
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Robens C, Zopes J, Alt W, Brakhane S, Meschede D, Alberti A. Low-Entropy States of Neutral Atoms in Polarization-Synthesized Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:065302. [PMID: 28234497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.065302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We create low-entropy states of neutral atoms by utilizing a conceptually new optical-lattice technique that relies on a high-precision, high-bandwidth synthesis of light polarization. Polarization-synthesized optical lattices provide two fully controllable optical lattice potentials, each of them confining only atoms in either one of the two long-lived hyperfine states. By employing one lattice as the storage register and the other one as the shift register, we provide a proof of concept using four atoms that selected regions of the periodic potential can be filled with one particle per site. We expect that our results can be scaled up to thousands of atoms by employing an atom-sorting algorithm with logarithmic complexity, which is enabled by polarization-synthesized optical lattices. Vibrational entropy is subsequently removed by sideband cooling methods. Our results pave the way for a bottom-up approach to creating ultralow-entropy states of a many-body system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Robens
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Zopes
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Alt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Brakhane
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Meschede
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Alberti
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Brakhane S, Alt W, Meschede D, Robens C, Moon G, Alberti A. Note: Ultra-low birefringence dodecagonal vacuum glass cell. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:126108. [PMID: 26724089 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on an ultra-low birefringence dodecagonal glass cell for ultra-high vacuum applications. The epoxy-bonded trapezoidal windows of the cell are made of SF57 glass, which exhibits a very low stress-induced birefringence. We characterize the birefringence Δn of each window with the cell under vacuum conditions, obtaining values around 10(-8). After baking the cell at 150 °C, we reach a pressure below 10(-10) mbar. In addition, each window is antireflection coated on both sides, which is highly desirable for quantum optics experiments and precision measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brakhane
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Alt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Meschede
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Robens
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Geol Moon
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Alberti
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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10
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Hennessy T, Busch T. Detecting atoms trapped in an optical lattice using a tapered optical nanofiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:32509-32519. [PMID: 25607213 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.032509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical detection of structures with dimensions smaller than an optical wavelength requires devices that work on scales beyond the diffraction limit. Here we present the possibility of using a tapered optical nanofiber as a detector to resolve individual atoms trapped in an optical lattice in the Mott insulator phase. We show that the small size of the fiber combined with an enhanced photon collection rate can allow for the attainment of large and reliable measurement signals.
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11
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Impurities as a quantum thermometer for a Bose-Einstein Condensate. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6436. [PMID: 25241663 PMCID: PMC4170192 DOI: 10.1038/srep06436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a primary thermometer which measures the temperature of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in the sub-nK regime. We show, using quantum Fisher information, that the precision of our technique improves the state-of-the-art in thermometry in the sub-nK regime. The temperature of the condensate is mapped onto the quantum phase of an atomic dot that interacts with the system for short times. We show that the highest precision is achieved when the phase is dynamical rather than geometric and when it is detected through Ramsey interferometry. Standard techniques to determine the temperature of a condensate involve an indirect estimation through mean particle velocities made after releasing the condensate. In contrast to these destructive measurements, our method involves a negligible disturbance of the system.
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12
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Kaufman AM, Lester BJ, Reynolds CM, Wall ML, Foss-Feig M, Hazzard KRA, Rey AM, Regal CA. Two-particle quantum interference in tunnel-coupled optical tweezers. Science 2014; 345:306-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1250057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Yu S, Xu P, He X, Liu M, Wang J, Zhan M. Suppressing phase decoherence of a single atom qubit with Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:32130-32140. [PMID: 24514807 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.032130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the strong suppression of dephasing of a qubit stored in a single 87Rb atom in an optical dipole trap by using Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequences. Regarded as a repetition of spin echo, CPMG sequence is an excellent choice for suppressing both inhomogeneous and homogeneous phase decoherence mechanisms. In comparison with atomic ensembles, the dephasing due to atomic collisions disappears for individual atoms. Thus, CPMG suppression effect is efficient with a few π-pulses. In our trap with 830 nm wavelength and 0.7 mK potential depth, the reversible inhomogeneous dephasing time is T2*=1.4 ms. We obtain the homogeneous dephasing time of T'2 = 103 ms in the spin echo process. By employing CPMG sequence with pulse number n = 6, the homogeneous dephasing is further suppressed by a factor of 3, and its corresponding coherence time is extended to T'2 = 304 ms.
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14
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Steffen A, Alt W, Genske M, Meschede D, Robens C, Alberti A. Note: In situ measurement of vacuum window birefringence by atomic spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:126103. [PMID: 24387479 DOI: 10.1063/1.4847075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present an in situ method to measure the birefringence of a single vacuum window by means of microwave spectroscopy on an ensemble of cold atoms. Stress-induced birefringence can cause an ellipticity in the polarization of an initially linearly polarized laser beam. The amount of ellipticity can be reconstructed by measuring the differential vector light shift of an atomic hyperfine transition. Measuring the ellipticity as a function of the linear polarization angle allows us to infer the amount of birefringence Δn at the level of 10(-8) and identify the orientation of the optical axes. The key benefit of this method is the ability to separately characterize each vacuum window, allowing the birefringence to be precisely compensated in existing vacuum apparatuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Alt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maximilian Genske
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Meschede
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Robens
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Alberti
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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15
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Genske M, Alt W, Steffen A, Werner AH, Werner RF, Meschede D, Alberti A. Electric quantum walks with individual atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:190601. [PMID: 23705697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.190601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental realization of electric quantum walks, which mimic the effect of an electric field on a charged particle in a lattice. Starting from a textbook implementation of discrete-time quantum walks, we introduce an extra operation in each step to implement the effect of the field. The recorded dynamics of such a quantum particle exhibits features closely related to Bloch oscillations and interband tunneling. In particular, we explore the regime of strong fields, demonstrating contrasting quantum behaviors: quantum resonances versus dynamical localization depending on whether the accumulated Bloch phase is a rational or irrational fraction of 2π.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Genske
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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16
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Parazzoli LP, Hankin AM, Biedermann GW. Observation of free-space single-atom matter wave interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:230401. [PMID: 23368168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.230401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We observe matter wave interference of a single cesium atom in free fall. The interferometer is an absolute sensor of acceleration and we show that this technique is sensitive to forces at the level of 3.2×10(-27) N with a spatial resolution at the micron scale. We observe the build up of the interference pattern one atom at a time in a free-space interferometer where the mean path separation extends far beyond the coherence length of the atom. Using the coherence length of the atom wave packet as a metric, we directly probe the velocity distribution and measure the temperature of a single atom in free fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Parazzoli
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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