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Garyn CM, Bover O, Murray JW, Ma J, Salas-Briceno K, Ross SR, Snoeck HW. G2 arrest primes hematopoietic stem cells for megakaryopoiesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114388. [PMID: 38935497 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In contrast to most hematopoietic lineages, megakaryocytes (MKs) can derive rapidly and directly from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The underlying mechanism is unclear, however. Here, we show that DNA damage induces MK markers in HSCs and that G2 arrest, an integral part of the DNA damage response, suffices for MK priming followed by irreversible MK differentiation in HSCs, but not in progenitors. We also show that replication stress causes DNA damage in HSCs and is at least in part due to uracil misincorporation in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with this notion, thymidine attenuated DNA damage, improved HSC maintenance, and reduced the generation of CD41+ MK-committed HSCs. Replication stress and concomitant MK differentiation is therefore one of the barriers to HSC maintenance. DNA damage-induced MK priming may allow rapid generation of a lineage essential to immediate organismal survival, while also removing damaged cells from the HSC pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Garyn
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oriol Bover
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John W Murray
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Karen Salas-Briceno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Susan R Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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2
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Sarlo Davila KM, Nelli RK, Phadke KS, Ruden RM, Sang Y, Bellaire BH, Gimenez-Lirola LG, Miller LC. How do deer respiratory epithelial cells weather the initial storm of SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 strain? Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0252423. [PMID: 38189329 PMCID: PMC10846091 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02524-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in animals raises a public health and economic concern, particularly the high susceptibility of white-tailed deer (WTD) to SARS-CoV-2. The disparity in the disease outcome between humans and WTD is very intriguing, as the latter are often asymptomatic, subclinical carriers of SARS-CoV-2. To date, no studies have evaluated the innate immune factors responsible for the contrasting SARS-CoV-2-associated disease outcomes in these mammalian species. A comparative transcriptomic analysis in primary respiratory epithelial cells of human (HRECs) and WTD (Deer-RECs) infected with the SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 strain was assessed throughout 48 h post inoculation (hpi). Both HRECs and Deer-RECs were susceptible to virus infection, with significantly (P < 0.001) lower virus replication in Deer-RECs. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) gradually increased in Deer-RECs but decreased in HRECs throughout the infection. The ingenuity pathway analysis of DEGs further identified that genes commonly altered during SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly belong to cytokine and chemokine response pathways mediated via interleukin-17 (IL-17) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Inhibition of the NF-κB signaling in the Deer-RECs pathway was predicted as early as 6 hpi. The findings from this study could explain the lack of clinical signs reported in WTD in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection as opposed to the severe clinical outcomes reported in humans.IMPORTANCEThis study demonstrated that human and white-tailed deer primary respiratory epithelial cells are susceptible to the SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 strain infection. However, the comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that deer cells could limit viral replication without causing hypercytokinemia by downregulating IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Identifying differentially expressed genes in human and deer cells that modulate key innate immunity pathways during the early infection will lead to developing targeted therapies toward preventing or mitigating the "cytokine storm" often associated with severe cases of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Moreover, results from this study will aid in identifying novel prognostic biomarkers in predicting SARS-CoV-2 adaption and transmission in deer and associated cervids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Sarlo Davila
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Infectious Bacterial Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center , Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Rahul K. Nelli
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kruttika S. Phadke
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Rachel M. Ruden
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Yongming Sang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bryan H. Bellaire
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Luis G. Gimenez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Laura C. Miller
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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3
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Mazzarella L, Falvo P, Adinolfi M, Tini G, Gatti E, Piccioni R, Bonetti E, Gavilán E, Valli D, Gruszka A, Bodini M, Gallo B, Orecchioni S, de Michele G, Migliaccio E, Duso BA, Roerink S, Stratton M, Bertolini F, Alcalay M, Dellino GI, Pelicci PG. High-Fat Diet Promotes Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia through PPARδ-Enhanced Self-renewal of Preleukemic Progenitors. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024; 17:59-75. [PMID: 37956420 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Risk and outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are particularly worsened in obese-overweight individuals, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. In established mouse APL models (Ctsg-PML::RARA), we confirmed that obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) enhances leukemogenesis by increasing penetrance and shortening latency, providing an ideal model to investigate obesity-induced molecular events in the preleukemic phase. Surprisingly, despite increasing DNA damage in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), HFD only minimally increased mutational load, with no relevant impact on known cancer-driving genes. HFD expanded and enhanced self-renewal of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), with concomitant reduction in long-term HSCs. Importantly, linoleic acid, abundant in HFD, fully recapitulates the effect of HFD on the self-renewal of PML::RARA HPCs through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, a central regulator of fatty acid metabolism. Our findings inform dietary/pharmacologic interventions to counteract obesity-associated cancers and suggest that nongenetic factors play a key role. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Our work informs interventions aimed at counteracting the cancer-promoting effect of obesity. On the basis of our study, individuals with a history of chronic obesity may still significantly reduce their risk by switching to a healthier lifestyle, a concept supported by evidence in solid tumors but not yet in hematologic malignancies. See related Spotlight, p. 47.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Falvo
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Tini
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Debora Valli
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno A Duso
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sophie Roerink
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Stratton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Myriam Alcalay
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Gaetano Ivan Dellino
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
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4
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Yip HYK, Shin SY, Chee A, Ang CS, Rossello FJ, Wong LH, Nguyen LK, Papa A. Integrative modeling uncovers p21-driven drug resistance and prioritizes therapies for PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:20. [PMID: 38273040 PMCID: PMC10810864 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Utility of PI3Kα inhibitors like BYL719 is limited by the acquisition of genetic and non-genetic mechanisms of resistance which cause disease recurrence. Several combination therapies based on PI3K inhibition have been proposed, but a way to systematically prioritize them for breast cancer treatment is still missing. By integrating published and in-house studies, we have developed in silico models that quantitatively capture dynamics of PI3K signaling at the network-level under a BYL719-sensitive versus BYL719 resistant-cell state. Computational predictions show that signal rewiring to alternative components of the PI3K pathway promote resistance to BYL719 and identify PDK1 as the most effective co-target with PI3Kα rescuing sensitivity of resistant cells to BYL719. To explore whether PI3K pathway-independent mechanisms further contribute to BYL719 resistance, we performed phosphoproteomics and found that selection of high levels of the cell cycle regulator p21 unexpectedly promoted drug resistance in T47D cells. Functionally, high p21 levels favored repair of BYL719-induced DNA damage and bypass of the associated cellular senescence. Importantly, targeted inhibition of the check-point inhibitor CHK1 with MK-8776 effectively caused death of p21-high T47D cells, thus establishing a new vulnerability of BYL719-resistant breast cancer cells. Together, our integrated studies uncover hidden molecular mediators causing resistance to PI3Kα inhibition and provide a framework to prioritize combination therapies for PI3K-mutant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Yan Kelvin Yip
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Sung-Young Shin
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Annabel Chee
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lee Hwa Wong
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Antonella Papa
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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5
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Manousakis E, Miralles CM, Esquerda MG, Wright RHG. CDKN1A/p21 in Breast Cancer: Part of the Problem, or Part of the Solution? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17488. [PMID: 38139316 PMCID: PMC10743848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (Cip1/Waf1/CDKN1A/p21) is a well-established protein, primarily recognised for its pivotal role in the cell cycle, where it induces cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Over the years, extensive research has shed light on various additional mechanisms involving CDKN1A/p21, implicating it in processes such as apoptosis, DNA damage response (DDR), and the regulation of stem cell fate. Interestingly, p21 can function either as an oncogene or as a tumour suppressor in these contexts. Complicating matters further, the expression of CDKN1A/p21 is elevated in certain tumour types while downregulated in others. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted functions of CDKN1A/p21, present clinical data pertaining to cancer patients, and delve into potential strategies for targeting CDKN1A/p21 as a therapeutic approach to cancer. Manipulating CDKN1A/p21 shows great promise for therapy given its involvement in multiple cancer hallmarks, such as sustained cell proliferation, the renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration, and resistance to chemotherapy. Given the dual role of CDKN1A/p21 in these processes, a more in-depth understanding of its specific mechanisms of action and its regulatory network is imperative to establishing successful therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roni H. G. Wright
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Jassim A, Rahrmann EP, Simons BD, Gilbertson RJ. Cancers make their own luck: theories of cancer origins. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:710-724. [PMID: 37488363 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been a leading cause of death for decades. This dismal statistic has increased efforts to prevent the disease or to detect it early, when treatment is less invasive, relatively inexpensive and more likely to cure. But precisely how tissues are transformed continues to provoke controversy and debate, hindering cancer prevention and early intervention strategies. Various theories of cancer origins have emerged, including the suggestion that it is 'bad luck': the inevitable consequence of random mutations in proliferating stem cells. In this Review, we discuss the principal theories of cancer origins and the relative importance of the factors that underpin them. The body of available evidence suggests that developing and ageing tissues 'walk a tightrope', retaining adequate levels of cell plasticity to generate and maintain tissues while avoiding overstepping into transformation. Rather than viewing cancer as 'bad luck', understanding the complex choreography of cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors that characterize transformation holds promise to discover effective new ways to prevent, detect and stop cancer before it becomes incurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jassim
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric P Rahrmann
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ben D Simons
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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Hasapis S, Caraballo I, Sears TJ, Brock KD, Cart JB, Moding EJ, Lee CL. Characterizing the role of Phlda3 in the development of acute toxicity and malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells induced by total-body irradiation in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12916. [PMID: 37558703 PMCID: PMC10412554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcriptional factor that plays a crucial role in controlling acute toxicity and long-term malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells induced by genotoxic stress such as ionizing radiation. Among all transcriptional targets of p53, one gene that is robustly induced by radiation is the pleckstrin homology domain-only protein Phlda3. However, the role that Phlda3 plays in regulating the response of hematopoietic cells to radiation is unknown. Here, using isogenic cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models, we showed that radiation induces Phlda3 in human leukemia cells and mouse normal hematopoietic cells in a p53-dependent manner. However, deletion of the Phlda3 gene did not ameliorate radiation-induced acute hematologic toxicity. In addition, distinct from mice that lose p53, loss of Phlda3 did not alter the latency and incidence of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma in mice. Remarkably, whole-exome sequencing data showed that lymphomas in irradiated Phlda3+/+ mice harbor a significantly higher number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels compared to lymphomas in irradiated Phlda3+/- and Phlda3-/- littermates. Together, our results indicate that although deletion of Phlda3 does not accelerate the development of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma, fewer SNVs and indels are necessary to initiate lymphomagenesis after radiation exposure when Phlda3 is silenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hasapis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Isibel Caraballo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Timothy J Sears
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5847, USA
| | - Kennedy D Brock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - John B Cart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Everett J Moding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5847, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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8
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Tian Y, Wang L, Chen X, Zhao Y, Yang A, Huang H, Ouyang L, Pang D, Xie J, Liu D, Tu P, Li J, Hu Z. DHMMF, a natural flavonoid from Resina Draconis, inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression via inducing apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest mediated by DNA damage-driven upregulation of p21. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115518. [PMID: 36966937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is extremely malignant in nature. It is an important way to discover anti-cancer drugs from natural products at present. (R)-7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-methylflavane (DHMMF), a natural flavonoid, was isolated from Resina Draconis which is the red resin from Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen. However, the anti-hepatoma effect and underlying mechanisms of DHMMF remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that DHMMF treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 and SK-HEP-1 cells. The IC50 value of DHMMF for HepG2 and SK-HEP-1 cells were 0.67 μM and 0.66 μM, respectively, while the IC50 value of DHMMF for human normal liver LO2 cells was 120.60 μM. DHMMF induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and G2/M phase arrest in HepG2 and SK-HEP-1 cells. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of DHMMF in human hepatoma cells were mediated by the upregulation of p21. Importantly, DHMMF exhibited potent anti-HCC efficacy in a xenograft mice model and an orthotopic mice model of liver cancer. Additionally, the combined administration of DHMMF and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor BI 6727 showed a synergistic anti-HCC efficacy. Collectively, we demonstrated that DHMMF treatment induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest via DNA damage-driven upregulation of p21 expression in human hepatoma cells. DHMMF may serve as a promising drug candidate for HCC treatment, especially for patients of HCC with low p21 expression. Our results also suggested that DHMMF treatment in combination with PLK1 inhibitor may serve as a potential treatment strategy for patients with HCC.
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9
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Tang X, Wang Z, Wang J, Cui S, Xu R, Wang Y. Functions and regulatory mechanisms of resting hematopoietic stem cells: a promising targeted therapeutic strategy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:73. [PMID: 37038215 PMCID: PMC10088186 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the common and essential precursors of all blood cells, including immune cells, and they are responsible for the lifelong maintenance and damage repair of blood tissue homeostasis. The vast majority (> 95%) of HSCs are in a resting state under physiological conditions and are only activated to play a functional role under stress conditions. This resting state affects their long-term survival and is also closely related to the lifelong maintenance of hematopoietic function; however, abnormal changes may also be an important factor leading to the decline of immune function in the body and the occurrence of diseases in various systems. While the importance of resting HSCs has attracted increasing research attention, our current understanding of this topic remains insufficient, and the direction of clinical targeted treatments is unclear. Here, we describe the functions of HSCs, analyze the regulatory mechanisms that affect their resting state, and discuss the relationship between resting HSCs and different diseases, with a view to providing guidance for the future clinical implementation of related targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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10
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Daviaud N, Chen E, Edwards T, Sadiq SA. Cerebral organoids in primary progressive multiple sclerosis reveal stem cell and oligodendrocyte differentiation defect. Biol Open 2023; 12:286917. [PMID: 36744877 PMCID: PMC10040243 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an auto-immune inflammatory disorder affecting the central nervous system. The cause of the disease is unknown but both genetic and environmental factors are implicated in the pathogenesis. We derived cerebral organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) of healthy control subjects as well as from primary progressive MS (PPMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients to better understand the pathologic basis of the varied clinical phenotypic expressions of MS. In MS organoids, most notably in PPMS, we observed a decrease of proliferation marker Ki67 and a reduction of the SOX2+ stem cell pool associated with an increased expression of neuronal markers CTIP2 and TBR1 as well as a strong decrease of oligodendrocyte differentiation. This dysregulation of the stem cell pool is associated with a decreased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. Our findings show that the genetic background of a patient can directly alter stem cell function, provides new insights on the innate cellular dysregulation in MS and identifies p21 pathway as a new potential target for therapeutic strategies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Daviaud
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, 521 W. 57th St., 4th floor, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Eric Chen
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, 521 W. 57th St., 4th floor, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Tara Edwards
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, 521 W. 57th St., 4th floor, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Saud A Sadiq
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, 521 W. 57th St., 4th floor, New York, NY 10019, USA
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11
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Nagata K, Ohashi K, Hashimoto C, Sayed AEDH, Yasuda T, Dutta B, Kajihara T, Mitani H, Suzuki M, Funayama T, Oda S, Watanabe-Asaka T. Responses of hematopoietic cells after ionizing-irradiation in anemic adult medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:663-672. [PMID: 35939385 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hematopoietic tissues of vertebrates are highly radiation sensitive and the effects of ionizing radiation on the hematopoiesis have been studied in mammals and teleosts for decades. In this study, radiation responses in the kidney, the main hematopoietic organ in teleosts, were investigated in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), which has been a model animal and a large body of knowledge has been accumulated in radiation biology. METHODS Kidney, the main hematopoietic tissue of adult medaka fish, was locally irradiated using proton and carbon ion beams irradiation system of Takasaki Ion Accelerator for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA), QST, and the effects on peripheral blood cells and histology of the kidney were investigated. RESULTS When only kidneys were locally irradiated with proton or carbon ion beam (15 Gy), the hematopoietic cells in the irradiated kidney and cell density in the peripheral blood decreased 7 days after the irradiation in the same manner as after the whole-body irradiation with γ-rays (15 Gy). These results demonstrate that direct irradiation of the hematopoietic cells in the kidney induced cell death and/or cell cycle arrest and stopped the supply of erythroid cells. Then, the cell density in the peripheral blood recovered to the control level within 4 days and 7 days after the γ-ray and proton beam irradiation (15 Gy), respectively, while the cell density in the peripheral blood did not recover after the carbon ion beam irradiation (15 Gy). The hematopoietic cells in the irradiated kidneys temporarily decreased and recovered to the control level within 21 days after the γ-ray or proton beam irradiation (15 Gy), while it did not recover after the carbon ion beam irradiation (15 Gy). In contrast, the recovery of the cell density in the peripheral blood delayed when anemic medaka were irradiated 1 day after the administration of phenylhydrazine. With and without γ-ray irradiation, a large number of hematopoietic cells was still proliferating in the kidney 7 days after the anemia induction. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained strongly suggest that the hematopoietic stem cells in medaka kidney prioritize to proliferate and increase peripheral blood cells to eliminate anemia, even when they are damaged by high-dose irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keita Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Chika Hashimoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Alaa El-Din Hamid Sayed
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Takako Yasuda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bibek Dutta
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kajihara
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, QST, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, QST, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Priami C, Montariello D, De Michele G, Ruscitto F, Polazzi A, Ronzoni S, Bertalot G, Binelli G, Gambino V, Luzi L, Mapelli M, Giorgio M, Migliaccio E, Pelicci PG. Aberrant activation of p53/p66Shc-mInsc axis increases asymmetric divisions and attenuates proliferation of aged mammary stem cells. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2429-2444. [PMID: 35739253 PMCID: PMC9751089 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the progressive decline in tissue regenerative capacity and functions of resident stem cells (SCs). Underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Here we show that, during chronological aging, self-renewing mitoses of mammary SCs (MaSCs) are preferentially asymmetric and that their progeny divides less frequently, leading to decreased number of MaSCs and reduced regenerative potential. Underlying mechanisms are investigated in the p66Shc-/- mouse, which exhibits several features of delayed aging, including reduced involution of the mammary gland (MG). p66Shc is a mitochondrial redox sensor that activates a specific p53 transcriptional program, in which the aging-associated p44 isoform of p53 plays a pivotal role. We report here that aged p66Shc-/- MaSCs show increased symmetric divisions, increased proliferation and increased regenerative potential, to an extent reminiscent of young wild-type (WT) MaSCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that p66Shc, together with p53: (i) accumulates in the aged MG, (ii) sustains expression of the cell polarity determinant mInscuteable and, concomitantly, (iii) down-regulates critical cell cycle genes (e.g.,: Cdk1 and Cyclin A). Accordingly, overexpression of p53/p44 increases asymmetric divisions and decreases proliferation of young WT MaSCs in a p66Shc-dependent manner and overexpression of mInsc restores WT-like levels of asymmetric divisions in aged p66Shc-/- MaSCs. Notably, deletion of p66Shc has negligible effects in young MaSCs and MG development. These results demonstrate that MG aging is due to aberrant activation of p66Shc, which induces p53/p44 signaling, leading to failure of symmetric divisions, decreased proliferation and reduced regenerative potential of MaSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Priami
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Montariello
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia De Michele
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ruscitto
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Polazzi
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Ronzoni
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- U.O.M. Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, Ospedale Santa Chiara, Largo Medaglie d'Oro 9, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Giorgio Binelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Valentina Gambino
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Luzi
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mapelli
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrica Migliaccio
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Imaoka T, Nishimura M, Daino K, Hosoki A, Kudo KI, Iizuka D, Nagata K, Takabatake M, Nishimura Y, Kokubo T, Morioka T, Doi K, Shimada Y, Kakinuma S. DOSE-RATE EFFECT OF RADIATION ON RAT MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS AND AN EMERGING ROLE FOR STEM CELL BIOLOGY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1036-1046. [PMID: 36083756 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The uncertain cancer risk of protracted radiation exposure at low dose rates is an important issue in radiological protection. Tissue stem/progenitor cells are a supposed origin of cancer and may contribute to the dose-rate effect on carcinogenesis. The authors have shown that female rats subjected to continuous whole body γ irradiation as juveniles or young adults have a notably reduced incidence of mammary cancer as compared with those irradiated acutely. Experiments using the mammosphere formation assay suggested the presence of radioresistant progenitor cells. Cell sorting indicated that basal progenitor cells in rat mammary gland were more resistant than luminal progenitors to killing by acute radiation, especially at high doses. Thus, the evidence indicates a cell-type-dependent inactivation of mammary cells that manifests only at high acute doses, implying a link to the observed dose-rate effect on carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hosoki
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kudo
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iizuka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kento Nagata
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masaru Takabatake
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kokubo
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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14
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Fujino T, Asada S, Goyama S, Kitamura T. Mechanisms involved in hematopoietic stem cell aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:473. [PMID: 35941268 PMCID: PMC11072869 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo progressive functional decline over time due to both internal and external stressors, leading to aging of the hematopoietic system. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HSC aging will be valuable in developing novel therapies for HSC rejuvenation and to prevent the onset of several age-associated diseases and hematological malignancies. This review considers the general causes of HSC aging that range from cell-intrinsic factors to cell-extrinsic factors. In particular, epigenetics and inflammation have been implicated in the linkage of HSC aging, clonality, and oncogenesis. The challenges in clarifying mechanisms of HSC aging have accelerated the development of therapeutic interventions to rejuvenate HSCs, the major goal of aging research; these details are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujino
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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15
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Emerging Evidence of the Significance of Thioredoxin-1 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071291. [PMID: 35883782 PMCID: PMC9312246 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States is undergoing a demographic shift towards an older population with profound economic, social, and healthcare implications. The number of Americans aged 65 and older will reach 80 million by 2040. The shift will be even more dramatic in the extremes of age, with a projected 400% increase in the population over 85 years old in the next two decades. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ageing is crucial to reduce ageing-associated disease and to improve the quality of life for the elderly. In this review, we summarized the changes associated with the ageing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and what is known about some of the key underlying cellular and molecular pathways. We focus here on the effects of reactive oxygen species and the thioredoxin redox homeostasis system on ageing biology in HSCs and the HSC microenvironment. We present additional data from our lab demonstrating the key role of thioredoxin-1 in regulating HSC ageing.
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16
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Thalor A, Kumar Joon H, Singh G, Roy S, Gupta D. Machine learning assisted analysis of breast cancer gene expression profiles reveals novel potential prognostic biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1618-1631. [PMID: 35465161 PMCID: PMC9014315 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity and the unclear metastasis mechanisms are the leading cause for the unavailability of effective targeted therapy for Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a breast cancer (BrCa) subtype characterized by high mortality and high frequency of distant metastasis cases. The identification of prognostic biomarker can improve prognosis and personalized treatment regimes. Herein, we collected gene expression datasets representing TNBC and Non-TNBC BrCa. From the complete dataset, a subset reflecting solely known cancer driver genes was also constructed. Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) was employed to identify top 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 gene signatures that differentiate TNBC from the other BrCa subtypes. Five machine learning algorithms were employed on these selected features and on the basis of model performance evaluation, it was found that for the complete and driver dataset, XGBoost performs the best for a subset of 25 and 20 genes, respectively. Out of these 45 genes from the two datasets, 34 genes were found to be differentially regulated. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis for Distant Metastasis Free Survival (DMFS) of these 34 differentially regulated genes revealed four genes, out of which two are novel that could be potential prognostic genes (POU2AF1 and S100B). Finally, interactome and pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to investigate the functional role of the identified potential prognostic genes in TNBC. These genes are associated with MAPK, PI3-AkT, Wnt, TGF-β, and other signal transduction pathways, pivotal in metastasis cascade. These gene signatures can provide novel molecular-level insights into metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Thalor
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Joon
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shikha Roy
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Corresponding author at: Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India.
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17
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Mantripragada VP, Kaplevatsky R, Bova WA, Boehm C, Obuchowski NA, Midura RJ, Muschler GF. Influence of Glucose Concentration on Colony-Forming Efficiency and Biological Performance of Primary Human Tissue-Derived Progenitor Cells. Cartilage 2021; 13:95S-106S. [PMID: 32100548 PMCID: PMC8804831 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520906605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose concentrations used in current cell culture methods are a significant departure from physiological glucose levels. The study focuses on comparing the effects of glucose concentrations on primary human progenitors (connective tissue progenitors [CTPs]) used for cartilage repair. DESIGN Cartilage- (Outerbridge grade 1, 2, 3; superficial and deep zone cartilage), infrapatellar fatpad-, synovium-, and periosteum-derived cells were obtained from 63 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and cultured simultaneously in fresh chondrogenic media containing 25 mM glucose (HGL) or 5 mM glucose (NGL) for pairwise comparison. Automated ASTM-based quantitative image analysis was used to determine colony-forming efficiency (CFE), effective proliferation rates (EPR), and sulfated-proteoglycan (GAG-ECM) staining of the CTPs across tissue sources. RESULTS HGL resulted in increased cell cultures with CFE = 0 compared with NGL in all tissue sources (P = 0.049). The CFE in NGL was higher than HGL for superficial cartilage (P < 0.001), and contrary for synovium-derived CTPs (P = 0.046) when CFE > 0. EPR of the CTPs did not differ between the media in the 6-day assay time period (P = 0.082). The GAG-ECM area of the CTPs and their progeny was increased in presence of HGL (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION Glucose concentration is critical to progenitor's physiology and should be taken into account in the setting of protocols for clinical or in vitro cell expansion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata P. Mantripragada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA,Venkata P. Mantripragada, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid
Avenue, ND3-30, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | | | - Wes A. Bova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia Boehm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nancy A. Obuchowski
- Department of Quantitative Health
Science, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald J. Midura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George F. Muschler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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18
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Cinat D, Coppes RP, Barazzuol L. DNA Damage-Induced Inflammatory Microenvironment and Adult Stem Cell Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729136. [PMID: 34692684 PMCID: PMC8531638 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells ensure tissue homeostasis and regeneration after injury. Due to their longevity and functional requirements, throughout their life stem cells are subject to a significant amount of DNA damage. Genotoxic stress has recently been shown to trigger a cascade of cell- and non-cell autonomous inflammatory signaling pathways, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory factors and an increase in the amount of infiltrating immune cells. In this review, we discuss recent evidence of how DNA damage by affecting the microenvironment of stem cells present in adult tissues and neoplasms can affect their maintenance and long-term function. We first focus on the importance of self-DNA sensing in immunity activation, inflammation and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors mediated by activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, the ZBP1 pathogen sensor, the AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Alongside cytosolic DNA, the emerging roles of cytosolic double-stranded RNA and mitochondrial DNA are discussed. The DNA damage response can also initiate mechanisms to limit division of damaged stem/progenitor cells by inducing a permanent state of cell cycle arrest, known as senescence. Persistent DNA damage triggers senescent cells to secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, which can act as strong immune modulators. Altogether these DNA damage-mediated immunomodulatory responses have been shown to affect the homeostasis of tissue-specific stem cells leading to degenerative conditions. Conversely, the release of specific cytokines can also positively impact tissue-specific stem cell plasticity and regeneration in addition to enhancing the activity of cancer stem cells thereby driving tumor progression. Further mechanistic understanding of the DNA damage-induced immunomodulatory response on the stem cell microenvironment might shed light on age-related diseases and cancer, and potentially inform novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cinat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
Somatic stem cells are distinguished by their capacity to regenerate themselves and also to produce daughter cells that will differentiate. Self-renewal is achieved through the process of asymmetric cell division which helps to sustain tissue morphogenesis as well as maintain homeostasis. Asymmetric cell division results in the development of two daughter cells with different fates after a single mitosis. Only one daughter cell maintains "stemness" while the other differentiates and achieves a non-stem cell fate. Stem cells also have the capacity to undergo symmetric division of cells that results in the development of two daughter cells which are identical. Symmetric division results in the expansion of the stem cell population. Imbalances and deregulations in these processes can result in diseases such as cancer. Adult mammary stem cells (MaSCs) are a group of cells that play a critical role in the expansion of the mammary gland during puberty and any subsequent pregnancies. Furthermore, given the relatively long lifespans and their capability to undergo self-renewal, adult stem cells have been suggested as ideal candidates for transformation events that lead to the development of cancer. With the possibility that MaSCs can act as the source cells for distinct breast cancer types; understanding their regulation is an important field of research. In this review, we discuss asymmetric cell division in breast/mammary stem cells and implications on further research. We focus on the background history of asymmetric cell division, asymmetric cell division monitoring techniques, identified molecular mechanisms of asymmetric stem cell division, and the role asymmetric cell division may play in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian W Booth
- Department of Bioengineering, Head-Cellular Engineering Laboratory, 401-1 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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20
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Konkova M, Abramova M, Kalianov A, Ershova E, Dolgikh O, Umriukhin P, Izhevskaya V, Kutsev S, Veiko N, Kostyuk S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Early Response to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:584497. [PMID: 33381502 PMCID: PMC7767887 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are applied as the therapeutic agents, e.g., in the tumor radiation therapy. Purpose of the Study To evaluate the human adipose MSC early response to low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). Materials and Methods We investigated different LDIR (3, 10, and 50 cGy) effects on reactive oxygen species production, DNA oxidation (marker 8-oxodG), and DNA breaks (marker ɣ H2AX) in the two lines of human adipose MSC. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and fluorescence microscopy, we determined expression of genes involved in the oxidative stress development (NOX4), antioxidative response (NRF2), antiapoptotic and proapoptotic response (BCL2, BCL2A1, BCL2L1, BIRC2, BIRC3, and BAX1), in the development of the nuclear DNA damage response (DDR) (BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, and P53). Cell cycle changes were investigated by genes transcription changes (CCND1, CDKN2A, and CDKN1A) and using proliferation markers KI-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results Fifteen to 120 min after exposure to LDIR in MSCs, transient oxidative stress and apoptosis of the most damaged cells against the background of the cell cycle arrest were induced. Simultaneously, DDR and an antiapoptotic response were found in other cells of the population. The 10-cGy dose causes the strongest and fastest DDR following cell nuclei DNA damage. The 3-cGy dose induces a less noticeable and prolonged response. The maximal low range dose, 50 cGy, causes a damaging effect on the MSCs. Conclusion Transient oxidative stress and the death of a small fraction of the damaged cells are essential components of the MSC population response to LDIR along with the development of DDR and antiapoptotic response. A scheme describing the early MSC response to LDIR is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Konkova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Abramova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Kalianov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Ershova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Dolgikh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Umriukhin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.,P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera Izhevskaya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kutsev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Veiko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Kostyuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
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Henry E, Arcangeli ML. How Hematopoietic Stem Cells Respond to Irradiation: Similarities and Differences between Low and High Doses of Ionizing Radiations. Exp Hematol 2020; 94:11-19. [PMID: 33290858 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we will specifically address the newest insights on the effect of low doses of ionizing radiations on the hematopoietic stem cells, which are prone to long-term deleterious effects. Impact of high doses of irradiation on hematopoietic cells has been widely studied over the years, in line with the risk of accidental or terrorist exposure to irradiation and with a particular attention to the sensitivity of the hematopoietic system. Recently, more studies have focused on lower doses of irradiation on different tissues, due to the increasing exposure caused by medical imaging, radiotherapy or plane travelling for instance. Hence, we will delineate similarities and discrepancies in HSC response to high and low doses of irradiation from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Henry
- Team Niche and Cancer in Hematopoiesis, U1274, INSERM, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Leukemia/Service Stem Cells and Radiation/iRCM/JACOB/DRF, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université de Paris, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Laure Arcangeli
- Team Niche and Cancer in Hematopoiesis, U1274, INSERM, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Leukemia/Service Stem Cells and Radiation/iRCM/JACOB/DRF, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université de Paris, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Propagation and Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells: A Major Influence of the Long Non-Coding RNA H19. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122613. [PMID: 33291403 PMCID: PMC7762009 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a rare population of tumor cells that exhibit stem cell properties with the abilities of self-renewal and differentiation. These cells are now widely accepted to be responsible for tumor initiation, development, resistance to conventional therapies, and recurrence. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of CSCs is essential to improve patient management in terms of diagnostics and therapies. CSCs are regulated by signals of the tumor microenvironment as well as intrinsic genetic and epigenetic modulators. H19, the first identified lncRNA is involved in the development and progression of many different cancer types. Recently, H19 has been demonstrated to be implicated in the regulation of CSCs in different types of cancers. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the role and mechanisms of action of H19 in the regulation of CSCs. We summarize how H19 may regulate CSC division and cancer cell reprogramming, thus affecting metastasis and drug resistance. We also discuss the potential clinical implications of H19.
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Arai F, Stumpf PS, Ikushima YM, Hosokawa K, Roch A, Lutolf MP, Suda T, MacArthur BD. Machine Learning of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Divisions from Paired Daughter Cell Expression Profiles Reveals Effects of Aging on Self-Renewal. Cell Syst 2020; 11:640-652.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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The Role of Cell Cycle Regulators in Cell Survival-Dual Functions of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 20 and p21 Cip1/Waf1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228504. [PMID: 33198081 PMCID: PMC7698114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cell cycle is important in controlling normal cell proliferation and the development of various diseases. Cell cycle checkpoints are well regulated by both activators and inhibitors to avoid cell growth disorder and cancerogenesis. Cyclin dependent kinase 20 (CDK20) and p21Cip1/Waf1 are widely recognized as key regulators of cell cycle checkpoints controlling cell proliferation/growth and involving in developing multiple cancers. Emerging evidence demonstrates that these two cell cycle regulators also play an essential role in promoting cell survival independent of the cell cycle, particularly in those cells with a limited capability of proliferation, such as cardiomyocytes. These findings bring new insights into understanding cytoprotection in these tissues. Here, we summarize the new progress of the studies on these two molecules in regulating cell cycle/growth, and their new roles in cell survival by inhibiting various cell death mechanisms. We also outline their potential implications in cancerogenesis and protection in heart diseases. This information renews the knowledge in molecular natures and cellular functions of these regulators, leading to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the associated diseases and the discovery of new therapeutic strategies.
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Hosoki A, Ogawa M, Nishimura Y, Nishimura M, Daino K, Kakinuma S, Shimada Y, Imaoka T. The effect of radiation on the ability of rat mammary cells to form mammospheres. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:711-721. [PMID: 32996008 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As classical transplantation repopulation assays for studying the radiobiology of rat mammary stem/progenitor cells are extremely time-consuming, this study aimed to characterize the radiobiological properties of mammospheres, spherical clumps of mammary cells formed under non-adherent culture conditions, which are a simple and widely used technique for assessing progenitor cell activity. Rat mammary cells were dissociated and used in transplantation repopulation assays and for the formation of mammospheres. Immunofluorescence for cytokeratin 14 and 18 was used to identify basal and luminal mammary epithelial cells, respectively. Incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine was used to evaluate cell proliferation. The repopulating activity of the transplanted primary rat mammary cells demonstrated their radiosensitivity, reproducing previous data, with a significant reduction in repopulating activity at ≥ 2 Gy. Cells constituting rat mammospheres were positive for either cytokeratin 14 or 18, with occasional double-positive cells. Both proliferation and aggregation contributed to sphere formation. Cells obtained from the spheres showed lower repopulating activity after transplantation than primary cells. When primary cells were irradiated and then used for sphere formation, the efficiency of sphere formation was significantly decreased at 8 Gy but not at ≤ 6 Gy, indicating radioresistance of the formation process. Irradiation at 8 Gy reduced the proliferation of cells during sphere formation, whereas the cellular composition of the resulting spheres was unaffectes. Thus, mammosphere formation assays may measure a property of putative mammary progenitors that is different from what is measured in the classic transplantation repopulation assay in radiobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Hosoki
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Chiba, Japan
- Healios KK Kobe Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Executive Board, QST, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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Chen J, Dong Y, Peng J, Zhang J, Gao X, Lu A, Shen C. Notch signaling mitigates chemotherapy toxicity by accelerating hematopoietic stem cells proliferation via c-Myc. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6723-6739. [PMID: 33194068 PMCID: PMC7653623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration after myelosuppressive injury are not well understood. Here, we showed that disruption of Notch signaling aggravated chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in inducible genetic mice. Conversely, Notch activation correlated positively with clinical HSC engraftment. We used endothelial-targeted chimeric Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (D1R) to activate Notch signaling in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells through micro-environmental cellular contact. Recombinant protein D1R contributed to the recovery of the HSC pool and sustained HSC vitality in response to various chemotherapeutic agents in vivo. Mechanistically, D1R treatment promoted HSC proliferation transiently, prevented HSC exhaustion, correlated with activation of the downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/BCL2 associated agonist of cell death (BAD) signaling axis during regeneration, and partially mediated upregulation of c-Myc in HSCs. These data reveal an unrecognized role for Notch signaling in promoting HSC repopulation after myelosuppressive chemotherapy and offer a new therapeutic approach to mitigate chemotherapy-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, 421 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation ArmyGuangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Jie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Aili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Chunlin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Pollutants on Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196996. [PMID: 32977499 PMCID: PMC7583016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex and intricate process that aims to replenish blood components in a constant fashion. It is orchestrated mostly by hematopoietic progenitor cells (hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)) that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation. These cells can originate other cell subtypes that are responsible for maintaining vital functions, mediate innate and adaptive immune responses, provide tissues with oxygen, and control coagulation. Hematopoiesis in adults takes place in the bone marrow, which is endowed with an extensive vasculature conferring an intense flow of cells. A myriad of cell subtypes can be found in the bone marrow at different levels of activation, being also under constant action of an extensive amount of diverse chemical mediators and enzymatic systems. Bone marrow platelets, mature erythrocytes and leukocytes are delivered into the bloodstream readily available to meet body demands. Leukocytes circulate and reach different tissues, returning or not returning to the bloodstream. Senescent leukocytes, specially granulocytes, return to the bone marrow to be phagocytized by macrophages, restarting granulopoiesis. The constant high production and delivery of cells into the bloodstream, alongside the fact that blood cells can also circulate between tissues, makes the hematopoietic system a prime target for toxic agents to act upon, making the understanding of the bone marrow microenvironment vital for both toxicological sciences and risk assessment. Environmental and occupational pollutants, therapeutic molecules, drugs of abuse, and even nutritional status can directly affect progenitor cells at their differentiation and maturation stages, altering behavior and function of blood compounds and resulting in impaired immune responses, anemias, leukemias, and blood coagulation disturbances. This review aims to describe the most recently investigated molecular and cellular toxicity mechanisms of current major environmental pollutants on hematopoiesis in the bone marrow.
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A Single Radioprotective Dose of Prostaglandin E 2 Blocks Irradiation-Induced Apoptotic Signaling and Early Cycling of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:358-373. [PMID: 32735825 PMCID: PMC7419738 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation exposure results in acute and delayed bone marrow suppression. Treatment of mice with 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) prior to lethal ionizing radiation (IR) facilitates survival, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study we show that dmPGE2 attenuates loss and enhances recovery of bone marrow cellularity, corresponding to a less severe hematopoietic stem cell nadir, and significantly preserves long-term repopulation capacity and progenitor cell function. Mechanistically, dmPGE2 suppressed hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation through 24 h post IR, which correlated with fewer DNA double-strand breaks and attenuation of apoptosis, mitochondrial compromise, oxidative stress, and senescence. RNA sequencing of HSCs at 1 h and 24 h post IR identified a predominant interference with IR-induced p53-downstream gene expression at 1 h, and confirmed the suppression of IR-induced cell-cycle genes at 24 h. These data identify mechanisms of dmPGE2 radioprotection and its potential role as a medical countermeasure against radiation exposure.
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Parity reduces mammary repopulating activity but does not affect mammary stem cells defined as CD24 + CD29/CD49fhi in mice. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:565-575. [PMID: 32696317 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BCa) mortality is decreasing with early detection and improvement in therapies. The incidence of BCa, however, continues to increase, particularly estrogen-receptor-positive (ER +) subtypes. One of the greatest modifiers of ER + BCa risk is childbearing (parity), with BCa risk halved in young multiparous mothers. Despite convincing epidemiological data, the biology that underpins this protection remains unclear. Parity-induced protection has been postulated to be due to a decrease in mammary stem cells (MaSCs); however, reports to date have provided conflicting data. METHODS We have completed rigorous functional testing of repopulating activity in parous mice using unfractionated and MaSC (CD24midCD49fhi)-enriched populations. We also developed a novel serial transplant method to enable us to assess self-renewal of MaSC following pregnancy. Lastly, as each pregnancy confers additional BCa protection, we subjected mice to multiple rounds of pregnancy to assess whether additional pregnancies impact MaSC activity. RESULTS Here, we report that while repopulating activity in the mammary gland is reduced by parity in the unfractionated gland, it is not due to a loss in the classically defined MaSC (CD24+CD49fhi) numbers or function. Self-renewal was unaffected by parity and additional rounds of pregnancy also did not lead to a decrease in MaSC activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data show instead that parity impacts on the stem-like activity of cells outside the MaSC population.
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X-ray irradiated cultures of mouse cortical neural stem/progenitor cells recover cell viability and proliferation with dose-dependent kinetics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6562. [PMID: 32300147 PMCID: PMC7162981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of the developing or adult brain to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause cognitive impairment and/or brain cancer, by targeting neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). IR effects on NSPCs include transient cell cycle arrest, permanent cell cycle exit/differentiation, or cell death, depending on the experimental conditions. In vivo studies suggest that brain age influences NSPC response to IR, but whether this is due to intrinsic NSPC changes or to niche environment modifications remains unclear. Here, we describe the dose-dependent, time-dependent effects of X-ray IR in NSPC cultures derived from the mouse foetal cerebral cortex. We show that, although cortical NSPCs are resistant to low/moderate IR doses, high level IR exposure causes cell death, accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, activation of p53-related molecular pathways and cell cycle alterations. Irradiated NSPC cultures transiently upregulate differentiation markers, but recover control levels of proliferation, viability and gene expression in the second week post-irradiation. These results are consistent with previously described in vivo effects of IR in the developing mouse cortex, and distinct from those observed in adult NSPC niches or in vitro adult NSPC cultures, suggesting that intrinsic differences in NSPCs of different origins might determine, at least in part, their response to IR.
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31
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Cheng Y, Lin K, Young T, Cheng N. The influence of fibroblast growth factor 2 on the senescence of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during long-term culture. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:518-530. [PMID: 31840944 PMCID: PMC7103622 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) exhibit great potential in regenerative medicine, and in vitro expansion is frequently necessary to obtain a sufficient number of ASCs for clinical use. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a common supplement in the ASC culture medium to enhance cell proliferation. To achieve clinical applicability of ASC-based products, prolonged culture of ASCs is sometimes required to obtain sufficient quantity of ASCs. However, the effect of FGF2 on ASCs during prolonged culture has not been previously determined. In this study, ASCs were subjected to prolonged in vitro culture with or without FGF2. FGF2 maintained the small cell morphology and expedited proliferation kinetics in early ASC passages. After prolonged in vitro expansion, FGF2-treated ASCs exhibited increased cell size, arrested cell proliferation, and increased cellular senescence relative to the control ASCs. We observed an upregulation of FGFR1c and enhanced expression of downstream STAT3 in the initial passages of FGF2-treated ASCs. The application of an FGFR1 or STAT3 inhibitor effectively blocked the enhanced proliferation of ASCs induced by FGF2 treatment. FGFR1c upregulation and enhanced STAT3 expression were lost in the later passages of FGF2-treated ASCs, suggesting that the continuous stimulation of FGF2 becomes ineffective because of the refractory downstream FGFR1 and the STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, no evidence of tumorigenicity was noted in vitro and in vivo after prolonged expansion of FGF2-cultured ASCs. Our data indicate that ASCs have evolved a STAT3-dependent response to continuous FGF2 stimulation which promotes the initial expansion but limits their long-term proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheng
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital and College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kai‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital and College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tai‐Horng Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Nai‐Chen Cheng
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital and College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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32
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Lung tumorspheres reveal cancer stem cell-like properties and a score with prognostic impact in resected non-small-cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:660. [PMID: 31506430 PMCID: PMC6737160 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The high resistance against current therapies found in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been associated to cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), a population for which the identification of targets and biomarkers is still under development. In this study, primary cultures from early-stage NSCLC patients were established, using sphere-forming assays for CSC enrichment and adherent conditions for the control counterparts. Patient-derived tumorspheres showed self-renewal and unlimited exponential growth potentials, resistance against chemotherapeutic agents, invasion and differentiation capacities in vitro, and superior tumorigenic potential in vivo. Using quantitative PCR, gene expression profiles were analyzed and NANOG, NOTCH3, CD44, CDKN1A, SNAI1, and ITGA6 were selected to distinguish tumorspheres from adherent cells. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed that proteins encoded by these genes were consistently increased in tumorspheres from adenocarcinoma patients and showed differential localization and expression patterns. The prognostic role of genes significantly overexpressed in tumorspheres was evaluated in a NSCLC cohort (N = 661) from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Based on a Cox regression analysis, CDKN1A, SNAI1, and ITGA6 were found to be associated with prognosis and used to calculate a gene expression score, named CSC score. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high CSC score have shorter overall survival (OS) in the entire cohort [37.7 vs. 60.4 months (mo), p = 0.001] and the adenocarcinoma subcohort [36.6 vs. 53.5 mo, p = 0.003], but not in the squamous cell carcinoma one. Multivariate analysis indicated that this gene expression score is an independent biomarker of prognosis for OS in both the entire cohort [hazard ratio (HR): 1.498; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.167–1.922; p = 0.001] and the adenocarcinoma subcohort [HR: 1.869; 95% CI, 1.275–2.738; p = 0.001]. This score was also analyzed in an independent cohort of 114 adenocarcinoma patients, confirming its prognostic value [42.90 vs. not reached (NR) mo, p = 0.020]. In conclusion, our findings provide relevant prognostic information for lung adenocarcinoma patients and the basis for developing novel therapies. Further studies are required to identify suitable markers and targets for lung squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Manu KA, Cao PHA, Chai TF, Casey PJ, Wang M. p21cip1/waf1 Coordinate Autophagy, Proliferation and Apoptosis in Response to Metabolic Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081112. [PMID: 31382612 PMCID: PMC6721591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells possess metabolic properties that are different from benign cells. These unique characteristics have become attractive targets that are being actively investigated for cancer therapy. p21cip1/waf1, also known as Cyclin-Dependent Kinase inhibitor 1A, is encoded by the CDKN1A gene. It is a major p53 target gene involved in cell cycle progression that has been extensively evaluated. To date, p21 has been reported to regulate various cell functions, both dependent and independent of p53. Besides regulating the cell cycle, p21 also modulates apoptosis, induces senescence, and maintains cellular quiescence in response to various stimuli. p21 transcription is induced in response to stresses, including those from oxidative and chemotherapeutic treatment. A recent study has shown that in response to metabolic stresses such as nutrient and energy depletion, p21 expression is induced to regulate various cell functions. Despite the biological significance, the mechanism of p21 regulation in cancer adaptation to metabolic stress is underexplored and thus represents an exciting field. This review focuses on the recent development of p21 regulation in response to metabolic stress and its impact in inducing cell cycle arrest and death in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjoormana Aryan Manu
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Pham Hong Anh Cao
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Tin Fan Chai
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Patrick J Casey
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
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Cancer stem cell fate determination: a nuclear phenomenon. THE NUCLEUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-019-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hsu CH, Altschuler SJ, Wu LF. Patterns of Early p21 Dynamics Determine Proliferation-Senescence Cell Fate after Chemotherapy. Cell 2019; 178:361-373.e12. [PMID: 31204100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is designed to induce cell death. However, at non-lethal doses, cancer cells can choose to remain proliferative or become senescent. The slow development of senescence makes studying this decision challenging. Here, by analyzing single-cell p21 dynamics before, during, and days after drug treatment, we link three distinct patterns of early p21 dynamics to final cell fate. Surprisingly, while high p21 expression is classically associated with senescence, we find the opposite at early times during drug treatment: most senescence-fated cells express much lower p21 levels than proliferation-fated cells. We demonstrate that these dynamics lead to a p21 "Goldilocks zone" for proliferation, in which modest increases of p21 expression can lead to an undesirable increase of cancer cell proliferation. Our study identifies a counter-intuitive role for early p21 dynamics in the cell-fate decision and pinpoints a source of proliferative cancer cells that can emerge after exposure to non-lethal doses of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiang Hsu
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Steven J Altschuler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Lani F Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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36
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Jilkine A. Mathematical Models of Stem Cell Differentiation and Dedifferentiation. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-00156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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37
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Gupta D, Heinen CD. The mismatch repair-dependent DNA damage response: Mechanisms and implications. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 78:60-69. [PMID: 30959407 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An important role for the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway in maintaining genomic stability is embodied in its conservation through evolution and the link between loss of MMR function and tumorigenesis. The latter is evident as inheritance of mutations within the major MMR genes give rise to the cancer predisposition condition, Lynch syndrome. Nonetheless, how MMR loss contributes to tumorigenesis is not completely understood. In addition to preventing the accumulation of mutations, MMR also directs cellular responses, such as cell cycle checkpoint or apoptosis activation, to different forms of DNA damage. Understanding this MMR-dependent DNA damage response may provide insight into the full tumor suppressing capabilities of the MMR pathway. Here, we delve into the proposed mechanisms for the MMR-dependent response to DNA damaging agents. We discuss how these pre-clinical findings extend to the clinical treatment of cancers, emphasizing MMR status as a crucial variable in selection of chemotherapeutic regimens. Also, we discuss how loss of the MMR-dependent damage response could promote tumorigenesis via the establishment of a survival advantage to endogenous levels of stress in MMR-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Gupta
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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38
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Zeng H, Hu M, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wang S, Chen M, Shen M, Wang C, Chen F, Du C, Tang Y, Su Y, Chen S, Wang J. MicroRNA 34a promotes ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage repair in murine hematopoietic stem cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:8138-8147. [PMID: 30922079 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802639r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) establish the entire hematopoietic system and maintain lifelong hematopoiesis. Previous studies have reported the significance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of HSCs. In this study, we show that the expression of miRNA 34a (miR-34a) is markedly up-regulated in HSCs from mice subjected to ionizing radiation (IR). Reduced numbers and DNA damage repair, as well as increased apoptosis, are observed in HSCs from miR-34a-deficient mice induced by irradiation, although miR-34a is dispensable for steady-state hematopoiesis. Further investigations show that HSCs deficient in miR-34a exhibit decreased expressions of DNA repair-associated genes involved in homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining. Competitive transplantation confirms that loss of miR-34a leads to more severe impairment of the long-term hematopoietic function of HSCs after irradiation exposure. Consistently, treating mice with an miR-34a agomir can significantly alleviate irradiation-induced DNA damage in HSCs. Our findings demonstrate that miR-34a contributes to promoting HSCs' survival after irradiation, which provides a promising approach for protecting HSCs from IR.-Zeng, H., Hu, M., Lu, Y., Zhang, Z., Xu, Y., Wang, S., Chen, M., Shen, M., Wang, C., Chen, F., Du, C., Tang, Y., Su,Y., Chen, S., Wang, J. MicroRNA 34a promotes ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage repair in murine hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yukai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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39
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Barazzuol L, Hopkins SR, Ju L, Jeggo PA. Distinct response of adult neural stem cells to low versus high dose ionising radiation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 76:70-75. [PMID: 30822688 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiosusceptibility is the sensitivity of a biological organism to ionising radiation (IR)-induced carcinogenesis, an outcome of IR exposure relevant following low doses. The tissue response is strongly influenced by the DNA damage response (DDR) activated in stem and progenitor cells. We previously reported that in vivo exposure to 2 Gy X-rays activates apoptosis, proliferation arrest and premature differentiation in neural progenitor cells (transit amplifying cells and neuroblasts) but not in neural stem cells (NSCs) of the largest neurogenic region of the adult brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ). These responses promote adult quiescent NSC (qNSC) activation after 2 Gy. In contrast, neonatal (P5) SVZ neural progenitors continue proliferating and do not activate qNSCs. Significantly, the human and mouse neonatal brain is radiosusceptible. Here, we examine the response of stem and progenitor cells in the SVZ to low IR doses (50-500 mGy). We observe a linear dose-response for apoptosis but, in contrast, proliferation arrest and neuroblast differentiation require a threshold dose of 200 or 500 mGy, respectively. Importantly, qNSCs were not activated at doses below 500 mGy. Thus, full DDR activation in the neural stem cell compartment in vivo necessitates a threshold dose, which can be considered of significance when evaluating IR-induced cancer risk and dose extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands.
| | - Suzanna R Hopkins
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Limei Ju
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Penelope A Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
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40
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Mineyeva OA, Bezriadnov DV, Kedrov AV, Lazutkin AA, Anokhin KV, Enikolopov GN. Radiation Induces Distinct Changes in Defined Subpopulations of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Adult Hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1013. [PMID: 30686979 PMCID: PMC6333747 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While irradiation can effectively treat brain tumors, this therapy also causes cognitive impairments, some of which may stem from the disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis. To study how radiation affects neurogenesis, we combine phenotyping of subpopulations of hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cells with double- and triple S-phase labeling paradigms. Using this approach, we reveal new features of division, survival, and differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells after exposure to gamma radiation. We show that dividing neural stem cells, while susceptible to damage induced by gamma rays, are less vulnerable than their rapidly amplifying progeny. We also show that dividing stem and progenitor cells that survive irradiation are suppressed in their ability to replicate 0.5–1 day after the radiation exposure. Suppression of division is also observed for cells that entered the cell cycle after irradiation or were not in the S phase at the time of exposure. Determining the longer term effects of irradiation, we found that 2 months after exposure, radiation-induced suppression of division is partially relieved for both stem and progenitor cells, without evidence for compensatory symmetric divisions as a means to restore the normal level of neurogenesis. By that time, most mature young neurons, born 2–4 weeks after the irradiation, still bear the consequences of radiation exposure, unlike younger neurons undergoing early stages of differentiation without overt signs of deficient maturation. Later, 6 months after an exposure to 5 Gy, cell proliferation and neurogenesis are further impaired, though neural stem cells are still available in the niche, and their pool is preserved. Our results indicate that various subpopulations of stem and progenitor cells in the adult hippocampus have different susceptibility to gamma radiation, and that neurogenesis, even after a temporary restoration, is impaired in the long term after exposure to gamma rays. Our study provides a framework for investigating critical issues of neural stem cell maintenance, aging, interaction with their microenvironment, and post-irradiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Mineyeva
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri V Bezriadnov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kedrov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Lazutkin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.,N.N. Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Anokhin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigori N Enikolopov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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41
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van Jaarsveld MTM, Deng D, Wiemer EAC, Zi Z. Tissue-Specific Chk1 Activation Determines Apoptosis by Regulating the Balance of p53 and p21. iScience 2019; 12:27-40. [PMID: 30665195 PMCID: PMC6348202 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) protects cells against genomic instability. Surprisingly, little is known about the differences in DDR across tissues, which may affect cancer evolutionary trajectories and chemotherapy response. Using mathematical modeling and quantitative experiments, we found that the DDR is regulated differently in human breast and lung primary cells. Equal levels of cisplatin-DNA lesions caused stronger Chk1 activation in lung cells, leading to resistance. In contrast, breast cells were more resistant and showed more Chk2 activation in response to doxorubicin. Further analyses indicate that Chk1 activity played a regulatory role in p53 phosphorylation, whereas Chk2 activity was essential for p53 activation and p21 expression. We propose a novel “friction model,” in which the balance of p53 and p21 levels contributes to the apoptotic response in different tissues. Our results suggest that modulating the balance of p53 and p21 dynamics could optimize the response to chemotherapy. Breast and lung cells show different sensitivities to chemotherapeutic drugs Lung cells activate Chk1 more strongly than breast cells with chemotherapeutic drugs Active Chk1 plays a regulatory role in p53 activation and apoptosis responses The balance of p53 and p21 dynamics drives the apoptosis response to DNA damage
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn T M van Jaarsveld
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Otto Warburg Laboratory, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Difan Deng
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Otto Warburg Laboratory, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik A C Wiemer
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhike Zi
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Otto Warburg Laboratory, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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42
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Qu Y, Wang Y, Qiao J. PHF1 is required for chromosome alignment and asymmetric division during mouse meiotic oocyte maturation. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2447-2459. [PMID: 30382790 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1542896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the etiological study of oocyte maturation failure and other mechanisms of early embryonic development has gradually advanced. However, while some achievements have been made in this field, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying disordered oocyte maturation remain unclear. Polycomb group proteins (PcG) are a family of proteins that are involved in the epigenetic silencing of genes. Many members of this family are reportedly involved in mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. PHD finger protein 1 (PHF1) is a core member of the polycomblike group of proteins, although its role in oocyte maturation and early embryonic development are unknown. A previous study by our group using single cell transcriptome analysis and high-throughput technology revealed that PHF1 mRNA was elevated in the human oocyte and the early preimplantation embryo. This suggests that PHF1 may play an important role in oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the biological function of PHF1 in mouse oocyte maturation and illuminate its regulatory mechanisms. We report here, for the first time, that PHF1 is necessary for the accurate alignment of chromosomes and oocyte euploidy, as well for the regulation of the asymmetric division of oocytes in mouse. The results of the present study may have the potential to provide a new research direction of human oocyte maturation disorder and early embryonic development block. These results may also provide new diagnosis or treatment strategies for clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qu
- a Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Yang Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Jie Qiao
- a Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University , Beijing , China.,c Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence & Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction , Ministry of Education , Beijing , China.,d Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing , China
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43
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Araldi RP, Sant’Ana TA, Módolo DG, de Melo TC, Spadacci-Morena DD, de Cassia Stocco R, Cerutti JM, de Souza EB. The human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer biology: An overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1537-1556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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44
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Restricted cell cycle is essential for clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance of pre-leukemic stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3535. [PMID: 30166543 PMCID: PMC6117297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-leukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) give rise to leukemic stem cells through acquisition of additional gene mutations and are an important source of relapse following chemotherapy. We postulated that cell-cycle kinetics of pre-LSCs may be an important determinant of clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance. Using a doxycycline-inducible H2B-GFP transgene in a mouse model of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to study cell cycle in vivo, we show that self-renewal, clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance are limited to a rare population of pre-LSCs with restricted cell cycle. We show that proliferative pre-LSCs are unable to return to a cell cycle-restricted state. Cell cycle-restricted pre-LSCs have activation of p53 and its downstream cell-cycle inhibitor p21. Furthermore, absence of p21 leads to proliferation of pre-LSCs, with clonal extinction through loss of asymmetric cell division and terminal differentiation. Thus, inducing proliferation of pre-LSCs represents a promising strategy to increase cure rates for acute leukemia.
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45
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Effects of p21 on adult hippocampal neuronal development after irradiation. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:15. [PMID: 30210818 PMCID: PMC6131552 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis is implicated in neurocognitive impairment after cranial irradiation. We recently demonstrated that disruption of neuronal development after DNA damage was regulated by p53. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 or p21, a downstream effector p53, mediates cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. There is evidence that p21 negatively regulates proliferation of neural progenitors (NPCs). Here we characterized the effects of p21 on disruption of neuronal development in the hippocampal dentate gyrus after irradiation. We irradiated young adult mice wild type (+/+) or knockout (−/−) of the Cdkn1a (p21) gene, and used different bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) paradigms for cell fate mapping. The acute apoptotic response of NPCs in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus was independent of p21 after irradiation. In nonirradiated mice, p21 knockout resulted in an increase in neuroblast proliferation and neurogenesis. At 9 weeks after 5Gy, NPCs in the subgranular zone demonstrated increased p21 expression. Loss of newborn type-1 cells and disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis was evident at 9 weeks after irradiation, and these effects were independent of p21 genotype status. Within the developmental milestones of NPCs, irradiation resulted in loss of early intermediate NPCs (type-2a cells) in wild-type mice, whereas the principal effect of irradiation with p21 loss was culling of proliferating late intermediate (type-2b cells) and neuroblasts. These results suggest that p21 exerts differential effects on cell fate of NPCs after irradiation. p21 may serve to protect proliferating late NPCs but does not alter the ultimate inhibition of new neuron production after DNA damage.
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46
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Attenuated DNA damage responses and increased apoptosis characterize human hematopoietic stem cells exposed to irradiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6071. [PMID: 29666389 PMCID: PMC5904119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure to precisely repair DNA damage in self-renewing Hematopoietic Stem and early Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) can disrupt normal hematopoiesis and promote leukemogenesis. Although HSPCs are widely considered a target of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced hematopoietic injury, definitive data regarding cell death, DNA repair, and genomic stability in these rare quiescent cells are scarce. We found that irradiated HSPCs, but not lineage-committed progenitors (CPs), undergo rapid ATM-dependent apoptosis, which is suppressed upon interaction with bone-marrow stroma cells. Using DNA repair reporters to quantify mutagenic Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) processes, we found that HSPCs exhibit reduced NHEJ activities in comparison with CPs. HSPC-stroma interactions did not affect the NHEJ capacity of HSPCs, emphasizing its cell autonomous regulation. We noted diminished expression of multiple double strand break (DSB) repair transcripts along with more persistent 53BP1 foci in irradiated HSPCs in comparison with CPs, which can account for low NHEJ activity and its distinct control in HSPCs. Finally, we documented clonal chromosomal aberrations in 10% of IR-surviving HSPCs. Taken together, our results revealed potential mechanisms contributing to the inherent susceptibility of human HSPC to the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of DNA damage.
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47
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Tanno B, Leonardi S, Babini G, Giardullo P, De Stefano I, Pasquali E, Saran A, Mancuso M. Nanog-driven cell-reprogramming and self-renewal maintenance in Ptch1 +/- granule cell precursors after radiation injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14238. [PMID: 29079783 PMCID: PMC5660207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain tumor, comprising four distinct molecular variants, one of which characterized by activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway, driving 25–30% of sporadic MB. SHH-dependent MBs arise from granule cell precursors (GCPs), are fatal in 40–70% of cases and radioresistance strongly contributes to poor prognosis and tumor recurrence. Patched1 heterozygous (Ptch1+/−) mice, carrying a germ-line heterozygous inactivating mutation in the Ptch1 gene, the Shh receptor and negative regulator of the pathway, are uniquely susceptible to MB development after radiation damage in neonatal cerebellum. Here, we irradiated ex-vivo GCPs isolated from cerebella of neonatal WT and Ptch1+/− mice. Our results highlight a less differentiated status of Ptch1-mutated cells after irradiation, influencing DNA damage response. Increased expression levels of pluripotency genes Nanog, Oct4 and Sal4, together with greater clonogenic potential, clearly suggest that radiation induces expansion of the stem-like cell compartment through cell-reprogramming and self-renewal maintenance, and that this mechanism is strongly dependent on Nanog. These results contribute to clarify the molecular mechanisms that control radiation-induced Shh-mediated tumorigenesis and may suggest Nanog as a potential target to inhibit for adjuvant radiotherapy in treatment of SHH-dependent MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tanno
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Leonardi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Giardullo
- Department of Radiation Physics, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Stefano
- Department of Radiation Physics, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pasquali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Saran
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy.
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48
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Huang WY, Lai SF, Chiu HY, Chang M, Plikus MV, Chan CC, Chen YT, Tsao PN, Yang TL, Lee HS, Chi P, Lin SJ. Mobilizing Transit-Amplifying Cell-Derived Ectopic Progenitors Prevents Hair Loss from Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6083-6096. [PMID: 28939680 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity-induced hair loss from chemotherapy and radiotherapy is often encountered in cancer treatment, and there is a lack of effective treatment. In growing hair follicles (HF), quiescent stem cells (SC) are maintained in the bulge region, and hair bulbs at the base contain rapidly dividing, yet genotoxicity-sensitive transit-amplifying cells (TAC) that maintain hair growth. How genotoxicity-induced HF injury is repaired remains unclear. We report here that HFs mobilize ectopic progenitors from distinct TAC compartments for regeneration in adaptation to the severity of dystrophy induced by ionizing radiation (IR). Specifically, after low-dose IR, keratin 5+ basal hair bulb progenitors, rather than bulge SCs, were quickly activated to replenish matrix cells and regenerated all concentric layers of HFs, demonstrating their plasticity. After high-dose IR, when both matrix and hair bulb cells were depleted, the surviving outer root sheath cells rapidly acquired an SC-like state and fueled HF regeneration. Their progeny then homed back to SC niche and supported new cycles of HF growth. We also revealed that IR induced HF dystrophy and hair loss and suppressed WNT signaling in a p53- and dose-dependent manner. Augmenting WNT signaling attenuated the suppressive effect of p53 and enhanced ectopic progenitor proliferation after genotoxic injury, thereby preventing both IR- and cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia. Hence, targeted activation of TAC-derived progenitor cells, rather than quiescent bulge SCs, for anagen HF repair can be a potential approach to prevent hair loss from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6083-96. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yen Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fan Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Hsin-Chu Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Chang
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center and Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Chih-Chieh Chan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Tzung Chen
- Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Yang
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Shu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Chi
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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49
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DNA damage in protective and adverse inflammatory responses: Friend of foe? Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Dall G, Risbridger G, Britt K. Mammary stem cells and parity-induced breast cancer protection- new insights. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 170:54-60. [PMID: 26907964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parity (childbearing) significantly decreases a woman's risk of breast cancer and the protective effect is greater if the woman is younger and has more children. The mechanism/s of parity-induced protection are not known. Although several factors are postulated to play a role, we discuss how a reduction in the number of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) may lead to a reduction in breast cancer risk in parous women. Firstly we review the epidemiology linking childbearing to reduced breast cancer risk and discuss how additional births, a young age at first full term birth, and breastfeeding impact the protection. We then detail the mouse and human studies implicating MaSC in parity induced protection and the in-vivo work being performed in mice to directly investigate the effect of parity on MaSC. Finally we discuss the transplant and lineage tracing experiments assessing MaSC activity according to parity and the need to define if MaSC are indeed more carcinogen sensitive than mature mammary epithelial cells. Continuing and future studies attempting to define the parity induced mechanisms will aid in the development of preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Dall
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrews Place, East Melbourne 3002, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University Clayton, Wellington Rd 3800, Australia
| | - Gail Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University Clayton, Wellington Rd 3800, Australia
| | - Kara Britt
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrews Place, East Melbourne 3002, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University Clayton, Wellington Rd 3800, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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