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Stütz AE, Thonhofer M, Weber P, Wolfsgruber A, Wrodnigg TM. Pharmacological Chaperones for β-Galactosidase Related to G M1 -Gangliosidosis and Morquio B: Recent Advances. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2980-2989. [PMID: 34816592 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A short survey on selected β-galactosidase inhibitors as potential pharmacological chaperones for GM1 -gangliosidosis and Morquio B associated mutants of human lysosomal β-galactosidase is provided highlighting recent developments in this particular area of lysosomal storage disorders and orphan diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Stütz
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Thonhofer
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Weber
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Wolfsgruber
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
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Weber P, Thonhofer M, Averill S, Davies GJ, Santana AG, Müller P, Nasseri SA, Offen WA, Pabst BM, Paschke E, Schalli M, Torvisco A, Tschernutter M, Tysoe C, Windischhofer W, Withers SG, Wolfsgruber A, Wrodnigg TM, Stütz AE. Mechanistic Insights into the Chaperoning of Human Lysosomal-Galactosidase Activity: Highly Functionalized Aminocyclopentanes and C-5a-Substituted Derivatives of 4- epi-Isofagomine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174025. [PMID: 32899288 PMCID: PMC7504770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosidase inhibitors have shown great potential as pharmacological chaperones for lysosomal storage diseases. In light of this, a series of new cyclopentanoid β-galactosidase inhibitors were prepared and their inhibitory and pharmacological chaperoning activities determined and compared with those of lipophilic analogs of the potent β-d-galactosidase inhibitor 4-epi-isofagomine. Structure-activity relationships were investigated by X-ray crystallography as well as by alterations in the cyclopentane moiety such as deoxygenation and replacement by fluorine of a “strategic” hydroxyl group. New compounds have revealed highly promising activities with a range of β-galactosidase-compromised human cell lines and may serve as leads towards new pharmacological chaperones for GM1-gangliosidosis and Morquio B disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weber
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (P.W.); (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.); (A.W.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Martin Thonhofer
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (P.W.); (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.); (A.W.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Summer Averill
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (P.W.); (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.); (A.W.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, North Yorkshire, UK; (G.J.D.); (W.A.O.)
| | - Andres Gonzalez Santana
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; (A.G.S.); (S.A.N.); (C.T.); (S.G.W.)
| | - Philipp Müller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Seyed A. Nasseri
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; (A.G.S.); (S.A.N.); (C.T.); (S.G.W.)
| | - Wendy A. Offen
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, North Yorkshire, UK; (G.J.D.); (W.A.O.)
| | - Bettina M. Pabst
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, MedUni Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (B.M.P.); (E.P.); (M.T.); (W.W.)
| | - Eduard Paschke
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, MedUni Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (B.M.P.); (E.P.); (M.T.); (W.W.)
| | - Michael Schalli
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (P.W.); (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.); (A.W.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Marion Tschernutter
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, MedUni Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (B.M.P.); (E.P.); (M.T.); (W.W.)
| | - Christina Tysoe
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; (A.G.S.); (S.A.N.); (C.T.); (S.G.W.)
| | - Werner Windischhofer
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, MedUni Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (B.M.P.); (E.P.); (M.T.); (W.W.)
| | - Stephen G. Withers
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; (A.G.S.); (S.A.N.); (C.T.); (S.G.W.)
| | - Andreas Wolfsgruber
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (P.W.); (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.); (A.W.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Tanja M. Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (P.W.); (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.); (A.W.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Arnold E. Stütz
- Glycogroup, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (P.W.); (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.); (A.W.); (T.M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-873-32079
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Abdelhakim M, McMurray E, Syed AR, Kafkas S, Kamau AA, Schofield PN, Hoehndorf R. DDIEM: drug database for inborn errors of metabolism. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:146. [PMID: 32527280 PMCID: PMC7291537 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) represent a subclass of rare inherited diseases caused by a wide range of defects in metabolic enzymes or their regulation. Of over a thousand characterized IEMs, only about half are understood at the molecular level, and overall the development of treatment and management strategies has proved challenging. An overview of the changing landscape of therapeutic approaches is helpful in assessing strategic patterns in the approach to therapy, but the information is scattered throughout the literature and public data resources. RESULTS We gathered data on therapeutic strategies for 300 diseases into the Drug Database for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (DDIEM). Therapeutic approaches, including both successful and ineffective treatments, were manually classified by their mechanisms of action using a new ontology. CONCLUSIONS We present a manually curated, ontologically formalized knowledgebase of drugs, therapeutic procedures, and mitigated phenotypes. DDIEM is freely available through a web interface and for download at http://ddiem.phenomebrowser.net.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdelhakim
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, PO 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Eunice McMurray
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG United Kingdom
| | - Ali Raza Syed
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, PO 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Senay Kafkas
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, PO 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Allan Anthony Kamau
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hoehndorf
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, PO 23955 Saudi Arabia
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Yadav K, Yadav A, Vashistha P, Pandey VP, Dwivedi UN. Protein Misfolding Diseases and Therapeutic Approaches. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 20:1226-1245. [PMID: 31187709 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190610092840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein folding is the process by which a polypeptide chain acquires its functional, native 3D structure. Protein misfolding, on the other hand, is a process in which protein fails to fold into its native functional conformation. This misfolding of proteins may lead to precipitation of a number of serious diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) etc. Protein Quality-control (PQC) systems, consisting of molecular chaperones, proteases and regulatory factors, help in protein folding and prevent its aggregation. At the same time, PQC systems also do sorting and removal of improperly folded polypeptides. Among the major types of PQC systems involved in protein homeostasis are cytosolic, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial ones. The cytosol PQC system includes a large number of component chaperones, such as Nascent-polypeptide-associated Complex (NAC), Hsp40, Hsp70, prefoldin and T Complex Protein-1 (TCP-1) Ring Complex (TRiC). Protein misfolding diseases caused due to defective cytosolic PQC system include diseases involving keratin/collagen proteins, cardiomyopathies, phenylketonuria, PD and ALS. The components of PQC system of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) include Binding immunoglobulin Protein (BiP), Calnexin (CNX), Calreticulin (CRT), Glucose-regulated Protein GRP94, the thiol-disulphide oxidoreductases, Protein Disulphide Isomerase (PDI) and ERp57. ER-linked misfolding diseases include CF and Familial Neurohypophyseal Diabetes Insipidus (FNDI). The components of mitochondrial PQC system include mitochondrial chaperones such as the Hsp70, the Hsp60/Hsp10 and a set of proteases having AAA+ domains similar to the proteasome that are situated in the matrix or the inner membrane. Protein misfolding diseases caused due to defective mitochondrial PQC system include medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)/Short-chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency diseases, hereditary spastic paraplegia. Among therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of various protein misfolding diseases, chaperones have been suggested as potential therapeutic molecules for target based treatment. Chaperones have been advantageous because of their efficient entry and distribution inside the cells, including specific cellular compartments, in therapeutic concentrations. Based on the chemical nature of the chaperones used for therapeutic purposes, molecular, chemical and pharmacological classes of chaperones have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Anurag Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Sardar Krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Banaskantha, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Veda P Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Upendra N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P, India.,Institute for Development of Advanced Computing, ONGC Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P., India
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Schalli M, Weber P, Nasseri SA, Gomez AT, Müller P, Stütz AE, Withers SG, Wolfsgruber A, Wrodnigg TM. Biologically active branched-chain aminocyclopentane tetraols from d-galactose. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Schalli M, Weber P, Tysoe C, Pabst BM, Thonhofer M, Paschke E, Stütz AE, Tschernutter M, Windischhofer W, Withers SG. A new type of pharmacological chaperone for G M1 -gangliosidosis related human lysosomal β-galactosidase: N -Substituted 5-amino-1-hydroxymethyl-cyclopentanetriols. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3431-3435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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Schalli M, Tysoe C, Fischer R, Pabst BM, Thonhofer M, Paschke E, Rappitsch T, Stütz AE, Tschernutter M, Windischhofer W, Withers SG. N-Substituted 5-amino-1-hydroxymethyl-cyclopentanetriols: A new family of activity promotors for a G M1-gangliosidosis related human lysosomal β-galactosidase mutant. Carbohydr Res 2017; 443-444:15-22. [PMID: 28319682 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
From 1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose, a series of highly functionalized (hydroxymethyl)cyclopentanes was easily available. In line with reports by Reymond and Jäger on similar structures, these amine containing basic carbasugars are potent inhibitors of β-D-galactosidases and, for the first time, could be shown to act as pharmacological chaperones for GM1-gangliosidosis-associated lysosomal acid β-galactosidase mutant R201C, thus representing a new structural type of pharmacological chaperones for this lysosomal storage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schalli
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Tysoe
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Roland Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina M Pabst
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, MedUni Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Thonhofer
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Eduard Paschke
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, MedUni Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Rappitsch
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Arnold E Stütz
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Marion Tschernutter
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, MedUni Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Windischhofer
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, MedUni Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Stütz AE, Wrodnigg TM. Carbohydrate-Processing Enzymes of the Lysosome: Diseases Caused by Misfolded Mutants and Sugar Mimetics as Correcting Pharmacological Chaperones. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2016; 73:225-302. [PMID: 27816107 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are hereditary disorders caused by mutations on genes encoding for one of the more than fifty lysosomal enzymes involved in the highly ordered degradation cascades of glycans, glycoconjugates, and other complex biomolecules in the lysosome. Several of these metabolic disorders are associated with the absence or the lack of activity of carbohydrate-processing enzymes in this cell compartment. In a recently introduced therapy concept, for susceptible mutants, small substrate-related molecules (so-called pharmacological chaperones), such as reversible inhibitors of these enzymes, may serve as templates for the correct folding and transport of the respective protein mutant, thus improving its concentration and, consequently, its enzymatic activity in the lysosome. Carbohydrate-processing enzymes in the lysosome, related lysosomal diseases, and the scope and limitations of reported reversible inhibitors as pharmacological chaperones are discussed with a view to possibly extending and improving research efforts in this area of orphan diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Stütz
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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9
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Han DY, Guan BJ, Wang YJ, Hatzoglou M, Mu TW. L-type Calcium Channel Blockers Enhance Trafficking and Function of Epilepsy-associated α1(D219N) Subunits of GABA(A) Receptors. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2135-48. [PMID: 26168288 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are the primary inhibitory ion channels in the mammalian central nervous system and play an essential role in regulating inhibition-excitation balance in neural circuits. The α1 subunit harboring the D219N mutation of GABAA receptors was reported to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and traffic inefficiently to the plasma membrane, leading to a loss of function of α1(D219N) subunits and thus idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). We present the use of small molecule proteostasis regulators to enhance the forward trafficking of α1(D219N) subunits to restore their function. We showed that treatment with verapamil (4 μM, 24 h), an L-type calcium channel blocker, substantially increases the α1(D219N) subunit cell surface level in both HEK293 cells and neuronal SH-SY5Y cells and remarkably restores the GABA-induced maximal chloride current in HEK293 cells expressing α1(D219N)β2γ2 receptors to a level that is comparable to wild type receptors. Our drug mechanism study revealed that verapamil treatment promotes the ER to Golgi trafficking of the α1(D219N) subunits post-translationally. To achieve that, verapamil treatment enhances the interaction between the α1(D219N) subunit and β2 subunit and prevents the aggregation of the mutant protein by shifting the protein from the detergent-insoluble fractions to detergent-soluble fractions. By combining (35)S pulse-chase labeling and MG-132 inhibition experiments, we demonstrated that verapamil treatment does not inhibit the ER-associated degradation of the α1(D219N) subunit. In addition, its effect does not involve a dynamin-1 dependent endocytosis. To gain further mechanistic insight, we showed that verapamil increases the interaction between the mutant protein and calnexin and calreticulin, two major lectin chaperones in the ER. Moreover, calnexin binding promotes the forward trafficking of the mutant subunit. Taken together, our data indicate that verapamil treatment enhances the calnexin-assisted forward trafficking and subunit assembly, which leads to substantially enhanced functional surface expression of the mutant receptors. Since verapamil is an FDA-approved drug that crosses blood-brain barrier and has been used as an additional medication for some epilepsies, our findings suggest that verapamil holds great promise to be developed to ameliorate IGE resulting from α1(D219N) subunit trafficking deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yun Han
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Center for Proteomics
and Bioinformatics and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Center for Proteomics
and Bioinformatics and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ya-Juan Wang
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Center for Proteomics
and Bioinformatics and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Center for Proteomics
and Bioinformatics and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ting-Wei Mu
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Center for Proteomics
and Bioinformatics and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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10
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Retromer in Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and other neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:126-32. [PMID: 25669742 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retromer is a protein assembly that has a central role in endosomal trafficking, and retromer dysfunction has been linked to a growing number of neurological disorders. First linked to Alzheimer disease, retromer dysfunction causes a range of pathophysiological consequences that have been shown to contribute to the core pathological features of the disease. Genetic studies have established that retromer dysfunction is also pathogenically linked to Parkinson disease, although the biological mechanisms that mediate this link are only now being elucidated. Most recently, studies have shown that retromer is a tractable target in drug discovery for these and other disorders of the nervous system.
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11
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Berman DE, Ringe D, Petsko GA, Small SA. The use of pharmacological retromer chaperones in Alzheimer's disease and other endosomal-related disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:12-8. [PMID: 25472693 PMCID: PMC4322078 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-014-0321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The retromer is an evolutionary conserved multiprotein complex involved in the sorting and retrograde trafficking of cargo from endosomal compartments to the Golgi network and to the cell surface. The neuronal retromer traffics the amyloid precursor protein away from the endosomes, a site where amyloid precursor protein is enzymatically cleaved into pathogenic fragments in Alzheimer's disease. In recent years, deficiencies in retromer-mediated transport have been implicated in several neurological and non-neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease, suggesting that improving the efficacy of the retromer trafficking pathway would result in decreased pathology. We recently identified a new family of small molecules that appear to stabilize the interaction between members of the retromer complex and enhance its function in neurons: the retromer pharmacological chaperones. Here we discuss the role of these molecules in the improvement of retromer trafficking and endosomal dysfunction, as well as their potential as therapeutics for neurological and non-neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Berman
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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