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Xu Z, Li G, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Lu X. Probing Interfacial Aging of Model Adhesion Joints under a Hygrothermal Environment at a Molecular Level. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9280-9288. [PMID: 38619299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Generally, for adhesive joints, the polar water molecules in humid environments can have a critical effect on the interfacial structures and structural evolution adjacent to the solid substrates. Regarding this, it is still a big challenge to detect and understand the interfacial hygrothermal aging process at the molecular level in real time and in situ. In this study, to trace the interfacial hygrothermal aging process of a classical epoxy formula containing diglycidyl ether of biphenyl A (DGEBA) and 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy) diethylamine (EDDA) with sapphire and fused silica in a typical hygrothermal environment (85 °C and 85% RH), sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was used to probe the molecular-level interfacial structural change over the time. The structural evolution dynamics at the buried epoxy/sapphire and epoxy/silica interfaces upon hygrothermal aging were revealed directly in situ. The interfacial delamination during hygrothermal aging was also elucidated from the molecular level. Upon hygrothermal aging, the interfacial CH signals, such as the ones from methyl, methylene, and phenyl groups, decreased significantly and the water OH signals increased substantially, indicating the water molecules had diffused into the interfaces and destroyed the original interactions between the epoxy formula and the substrates. Further analysis indicates that when the integrated signals in the CH range declined to their minimum and leveled off, the interfacial delamination happened. The tensile experiment proved the validity of these spectroscopic experimental results. Our study provides first-hand and molecular-level evidence on a direct correlation between the diffusion of the surrounding water molecules into the interface and the evolution/destruction of the interfacial structures during hygrothermal aging. More importantly, it is proved, SFG can be developed into a powerful tool to noninvasively reveal the local interfacial delamination in real time and in situ under extreme hygrothermal conditions, complemented by the mechanic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Gaoming Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yinyu Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yeping Wu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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2
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Hirano T, Kumagai K, Ishiyama T, Morita A. Comment on "Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy of centrosymmetric molecule at interfaces" [J. Chem. Phys. 158, 074701 (2023)]. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:107101. [PMID: 38466566 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hirano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Koichi Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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3
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Zheng RH, Wei WM, Zhang SC. Response to "Comment on 'Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy of centrosymmetric molecule at interfaces'" [J. Chem. Phys. 160, 107101 (2024)]. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:107102. [PMID: 38466567 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hui Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Mei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo-Cang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Zheng RH, Wei WM, Zhang SC. Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy of centrosymmetric molecule at interfaces. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:074701. [PMID: 36813719 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosymmetric benzene molecule has zero first-order electric dipole hyperpolarizability, which results in no sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) signal at interfaces, but it shows very strong SFVS experimentally. We perform a theoretical study on its SFVS, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. Its strong SFVS mainly comes from the interfacial electric quadrupole hyperpolarizability rather than the symmetry-breaking electric dipole, bulk electric quadrupole, and interfacial and bulk magnetic dipole hyperpolarizabilities, which provides a novel and completely unconventional point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hui Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Mei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo-Cang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
We describe a basic theoretical treatment of how film-substrate and substrate-environment (air, water, and solution) interfaces can be selectively probed by controlling the film thickness and beam angles in a visible-infrared sum frequency generation experiment. In this model, we also account for the unique interfacial environment that may have optical properties that differ from the adjacent bulk phases. We see that this affects components of the electric field that are perpendicular to the surface such as when p-polarized light is used. We then provide an example using the glass-polydimethylsiloxane-air system and model the fields at both surfaces of the polymer. This is followed by some practical considerations for setting up such experiments and some typical experimental results.
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Saha A, Sengupta S, Virmani A, Kumar A. Conformers of Piperazine on air-water interface studied by VSFG spectroscopy. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Xu C, Zhang Y, Feng Q, Liang R, Tian C. Self-Suppression of the Giant Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Background for Detection of Buried Interfaces with Submonolayer Sensitivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1465-1472. [PMID: 35129985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite its success in many fields, the implementation of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) in tackling the problems at interfaces was hindered by the enormous resonant and nonresonant background from the bulk. In this work, we have developed a novel CARS scheme that can probe a buried interface via ≥105-fold suppression of the nonresonant and resonant bulk contribution. The method utilizes self-destructive interference between the forward and backward CARS generated in the bulk near the Brewster angle. As a result, we can resolve the vibrational spectrum of submonolayer interfacial polar/apolar species immersed in the surrounding medium with huge CARS responses. We expect that our approach opens up the opportunity to interrogate the interfaces involving apolar molecules and benefits other nonlinear optical spectroscopic techniques, e.g., sum-frequency spectroscopy and four-wave mixing spectroscopy in general, to promote the signal-to-background noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qianchi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Rongda Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chuanshan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
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Mori W, Wang L, Sato Y, Morita A. Development of quadrupole susceptibility automatic calculator in sum frequency generation spectroscopy and application to methyl C-H vibrations. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:174705. [PMID: 33167643 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy has been established as a powerful interface probe technique based on the electric dipole approximation, while possible signals of quadrupole and bulk origin have also been known for a long time. In this work, we developed a computational tool, namely, Qsac (quadrupole susceptibility automatic calculator), to evaluate the comprehensive contributions of the dipole/quadrupole and interface/bulk in the arbitrary vibrational bands of SFG spectra. The calculations of relevant susceptibility terms are performed on the basis of the theory of energy representation using quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamics simulation, which allows for semi-quantitative comparison among these terms on the same footing. We applied the Qsac to the methyl C-H stretching bands of organic molecules and found a general trend that the weak asymmetric bands are more sensitive to the bulk contribution than the symmetric ones. The phases of interface and bulk terms tend to cancel in the asymmetric band, which results in the reduced band intensity in the SFG spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Mori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yamato Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Wang L, Mori W, Morita A, Kondoh M, Okuno M, Ishibashi TA. Quadrupole Contribution of C═O Vibrational Band in Sum Frequency Generation Spectra of Organic Carbonates. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8527-8531. [PMID: 32926624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) is usually governed by surface-selective signals of dipole origin, but it can also contain some bulk signals of quadrupole origin. In this work, we examined the dipole and quadrupole contributions in the C═O stretching band of organic carbonate liquids with collaboration of heterodyne SFG measurement and theoretical analysis. As a result, we found that these spectra are substantially affected by the quadrupole contribution of the bulk, which resolved the discrepancy between the experimental and computational SFG spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Wataru Mori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Masato Kondoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Masanari Okuno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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Iwahashi T, Ishiyama T, Sakai Y, Morita A, Kim D, Ouchi Y. Bi-layering at ionic liquid surfaces: a sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy- and molecular dynamics simulation-based study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12565-12576. [PMID: 32452479 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are being increasingly employed as novel solvents in several fields, including chemical engineering, electrochemistry, and synthetic chemistry. To further increase their usage potential, a better understanding of the structure of their surface layer is essential. Bi-layering at the surfaces of RTILs consisting of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Cnmim]+; n = 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) cations and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([TFSA]-) anions was demonstrated via infrared-visible sum-frequency generation (IV-SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It was found that the sum-frequency (SF) signal from the [TFSA]- anions decreases as the alkyl chain length increases, whereas the SF signal from the r+ mode (the terminal CH3 group) of the [Cnmim]+ cations is almost the same regardless of chain length. MD simulations show the formation of a bi-layered structure consisting of the outermost first layer and a submerged second layer in a "head-to-head" molecular arrangement. The decrease in the SF signals of the normal modes of the [TFSA]- anions is caused by destructive and out-of-phase interference of vibrations of corresponding molecular moieties oriented toward each other in the first and second layers. In contrast, the r+ mode of [Cnmim]+ does not experience destructive interference because the peak position of the r+ mode differs marginally at the surface and in the bulk. Our conclusions are not limited to the system presented here. Similar bi-layered structures can be expected for the surfaces of conventional RTILs, which necessitates the consideration of bi-layering in the design and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iwahashi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ishiyama
- Department of Environmental Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Doseok Kim
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukio Ouchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
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11
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Yang WC, Busson B, Hore DK. Determining nonlinear optical coefficients of metals by multiple angle of incidence heterodyne-detected sum-frequency generation spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:084708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5133673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Bertrand Busson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Dennis K. Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
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12
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Kaur G, Chaudhary M, Jena KC, Singh N. Terbium(iii)-coated carbon quantum dots for the detection of clomipramine through aggregation-induced emission from the analyte. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01814g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CQD-Tb: a selective chemosensor for detecting the antidepressant drug clomipramine in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry
- Sri Guru Gobind Singh College
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Monika Chaudhary
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Roopnagar
- India
| | - Kailash C. Jena
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Roopnagar
- India
- Department of Physics
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Roopnagar
- India
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13
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Sun S, Schaefer J, Backus EHG, Bonn M. How surface-specific is 2nd-order non-linear spectroscopy? J Chem Phys 2019; 151:230901. [PMID: 31864247 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfaces and interfaces play important roles in many processes and reactions and are therefore intensively studied, often with the aim of obtaining molecular-level information from just the interfacial layer. Generally, only the first few molecular layers next to the interface are relevant for the surface processes. In the past decades, 2nd-order nonlinear spectroscopies including sum-frequency generation and second harmonic generation have developed into powerful tools for obtaining molecularly specific insights into the interfacial region. These approaches have contributed substantially to our understanding of a wide range of physical phenomena. However, along with their wide-ranging applications, it has been realized that the implied surface-specificity of these approaches may not always be warranted. Specifically, the bulk quadrupole contribution beyond the electric dipole-approximation for a system with a weak nonlinear interface signal, as well as the diffuse layer contribution at charged interfaces, could mask the surface information. In this perspective paper, we discuss the surface-specificity of 2nd-order nonlinear spectroscopy, especially considering these two contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Schaefer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Negishi K, Kohno JY. Low-Frequency Raman Scattering in Colliding Benzene Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9158-9165. [PMID: 31557028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low-frequency intermolecular motions are of importance for understanding the structure of molecular liquids, which can be elucidated by Raman spectroscopy. A liquid droplet provides a field where stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) readily proceeds. Our previous study showed that multiorder SRS is more effectively generated in colliding droplets than a single droplet. Here we report that the multiorder SRS generated in colliding benzene droplets included low-frequency bands of the liquid benzene, which is considered to represent a temporal state of liquid emerging in the course of the droplet collision. This method enables measurements of the low-frequency intermolecular motions of the novel liquid state emerging at the mixed region of the colliding droplet without suffering from background of Rayleigh scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Negishi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Gakushuin University , 1-5-1 Mejiro , Toshima-ku , Tokyo 171-8588 , Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Kohno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Gakushuin University , 1-5-1 Mejiro , Toshima-ku , Tokyo 171-8588 , Japan
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Matsuzaki K, Nihonyanagi S, Yamaguchi S, Nagata T, Tahara T. Quadrupolar mechanism for vibrational sum frequency generation at air/liquid interfaces: Theory and experiment. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5088192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Korenobu Matsuzaki
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nihonyanagi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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Sanders SE, Vanselous H, Petersen PB. Water at surfaces with tunable surface chemistries. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:113001. [PMID: 29393860 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaacb5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous interfaces are ubiquitous in natural environments, spanning atmospheric, geological, oceanographic, and biological systems, as well as in technical applications, such as fuel cells and membrane filtration. Where liquid water terminates at a surface, an interfacial region is formed, which exhibits distinct properties from the bulk aqueous phase. The unique properties of water are governed by the hydrogen-bonded network. The chemical and physical properties of the surface dictate the boundary conditions of the bulk hydrogen-bonded network and thus the interfacial properties of the water and any molecules in that region. Understanding the properties of interfacial water requires systematically characterizing the structure and dynamics of interfacial water as a function of the surface chemistry. In this review, we focus on the use of experimental surface-specific spectroscopic methods to understand the properties of interfacial water as a function of surface chemistry. Investigations of the air-water interface, as well as efforts in tuning the properties of the air-water interface by adding solutes or surfactants, are briefly discussed. Buried aqueous interfaces can be accessed with careful selection of spectroscopic technique and sample configuration, further expanding the range of chemical environments that can be probed, including solid inorganic materials, polymers, and water immiscible liquids. Solid substrates can be finely tuned by functionalization with self-assembled monolayers, polymers, or biomolecules. These variables provide a platform for systematically tuning the chemical nature of the interface and examining the resulting water structure. Finally, time-resolved methods to probe the dynamics of interfacial water are briefly summarized before discussing the current status and future directions in studying the structure and dynamics of interfacial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
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Zhang LB, Fang H, Chen SL, Zhu XF, Gan W. Orientation Angle of Molecules at Hexadecane-Water Interface Studied with Total Internal Reflection Second Harmonic Generation. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/29/cjcp1605111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Sun S, Liang R, Xu X, Zhu H, Shen YR, Tian C. Phase reference in phase-sensitive sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:244711. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4954824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Sun
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongda Liang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofan Xu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Heyuan Zhu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Y. Ron Shen
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Chuanshan Tian
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Pandey R, Moon AP, Bender JA, Roberts ST. Extracting the Density of States of Copper Phthalocyanine at the SiO2 Interface with Electronic Sum Frequency Generation. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1060-1066. [PMID: 26938148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors (OSCs) constitute an attractive platform for optoelectronics design due to the ease of their processability and chemically tunable properties. Incorporating OSCs into electrical circuits requires forming junctions between them and other materials, yet the change in dielectric properties about these junctions can strongly perturb the electronic structure of the OSC. Here we adapt an interface-selective optical technique, electronic sum frequency generation (ESFG), to the study of a model OSC thin-film system, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) deposited on SiO2. We find that by modeling the thickness dependence of our measured spectra, we can identify changes in CuPc's electronic density of states at both its buried interface with SiO2 and air-exposed surface. Our work demonstrates that ESFG can be used to noninvasively probe the interfacial electronic structure of optically thick OSC films, indicating that it can be used for the study of OSC-based optoelectronics in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Aaron P Moon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jon A Bender
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Sean T Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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Carrier O, Backus EHG, Shahidzadeh N, Franz J, Wagner M, Nagata Y, Bonn M, Bonn D. Oppositely Charged Ions at Water-Air and Water-Oil Interfaces: Contrasting the Molecular Picture with Thermodynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:825-830. [PMID: 26881452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The surface-active ions tetraphenylarsonium (Ph4As(+)) and tetraphenylboron (Ph4B(-)) have a similar structure but opposite charge. At the solution-air interface, the two ions affect the surface tension in an identical manner, yet sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectra reveal an enhanced surface propensity for Ph4As(+) compared with Ph4B(-), in addition to opposite alignment of interfacial water molecules. At the water-oil interface, the interfacial tension is 7 mN/m lower for Ph4As(+) than for Ph4B(-) salts, but this can be fully accounted for by the different bulk solubility of these ions in the hydrophobic phase, rather than inherently different surface activities. The different solubility can be accounted for by differences in electronic structure, as evidenced by quantum chemical calculations and NMR studies. Our results show that the surface propensity concluded from SFG spectroscopy does not necessarily correlate with interfacial adsorption concluded from thermodynamic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Carrier
- van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Noushine Shahidzadeh
- van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Franz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Bonn
- van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Kearns PM, O'Brien DB, Massari AM. Optical Interference Enhances Nonlinear Spectroscopic Sensitivity: When Light Gives You Lemons, Model Lemonade. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:62-68. [PMID: 26654548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical interference effects can be a nuisance in spectroscopy, especially in nonlinear experiments in which multiple incoming and outgoing beams are present. Vibrational sum frequency generation is particularly susceptible to interference effects because it is often applied to planar, layered materials, driving many of its practitioners to great lengths to avoid signal generation from multiple interfaces. In this perspective, we take a positive view of this metaphorical "lemon" and demonstrate how optical interference can be used as a tool to extract subtle changes in interfacial vibrational spectra. Specifically, we use small frequency shifts at a buried interface in an organic field-effect transistor to determine the fractional charge per molecule during device operation. The transfer matrix approach to nonlinear signal modeling is general and readily applied to complex layered samples that are increasingly popular in modern studies. More importantly, we show that a failure to consider interference effects can lead to erroneous interpretations of nonlinear data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Kearns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daniel B O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aaron M Massari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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22
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Kosower EM, Borz G. Low polarity water, a novel transition species at the polyethylene–water interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:24895-900. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene sandwich or a single window cell: dark bars represent polyethylene (PE) windows (double or single) of a cell. Wavy lines are water (W) and low polarity water (LPW). Subtraction of the single window spectrum from the double window spectrum leaves the LPW spectrum as illustrated in the figure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Galina Borz
- School of Chemistry
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- 69978 Israel
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