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Chareyron LJ, Chong WKK, Banks T, Burgess N, Saunders RC, Vargha-Khadem F. Anatomo-functional changes in neural substrates of cognitive memory in developmental amnesia: Insights from automated and manual Magnetic Resonance Imaging examinations. Hippocampus 2024. [PMID: 39268888 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Despite bilateral hippocampal damage dating to the perinatal or early childhood period and severely impaired episodic memory, patients with developmental amnesia continue to exhibit well-developed semantic memory across the developmental trajectory. Detailed information on the extent and focality of brain damage in these patients is needed to hypothesize about the neural substrate that supports their remarkable capacity for encoding and retrieval of semantic memory. In particular, we need to assess whether the residual hippocampal tissue is involved in this preservation, or whether the surrounding cortical areas reorganize to rescue aspects of these critical cognitive memory processes after early injury. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis, automatic (FreeSurfer) and manual segmentation to characterize structural changes in the brain of an exceptionally large cohort of 23 patients with developmental amnesia in comparison with 32 control subjects. Both the VBM and the FreeSurfer analyses revealed severe structural alterations in the hippocampus and thalamus of patients with developmental amnesia. Milder damage was found in the amygdala, caudate, and parahippocampal gyrus. Manual segmentation demonstrated differences in the degree of atrophy of the hippocampal subregions in patients. The level of atrophy in CA-DG subregions and subicular complex was more than 40%, while the atrophy of the uncus was moderate (-24%). Anatomo-functional correlations were observed between the volumes of residual hippocampal subregions in patients and selective aspects of their cognitive performance, viz, intelligence, working memory, and verbal and visuospatial recall. Our findings suggest that in patients with developmental amnesia, cognitive processing is compromised as a function of the extent of atrophy in hippocampal subregions. More severe hippocampal damage may be more likely to promote structural and/or functional reorganization in areas connected to the hippocampus. In this hypothesis, different levels of hippocampal function may be rescued following this variable reorganization. Our findings document not only the extent, but also the limits of circuit reorganization occurring in the young brain after early bilateral hippocampal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc J Chareyron
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Development, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - W K Kling Chong
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics, Developmental Neurosciences Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tina Banks
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics, Developmental Neurosciences Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Neil Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard C Saunders
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Faraneh Vargha-Khadem
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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2
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Elward R, Limond J, Chareyron LJ, Ethapemi J, Vargha-Khadem F. Using recognition testing to support semantic learning in developmental amnesia. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2024; 34:1141-1160. [PMID: 37948582 PMCID: PMC11332405 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2023.2275825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTPatients with developmental amnesia (DA) have suffered hippocampal damage in infancy and subsequently shown poor episodic memory, but good semantic memory. It is not clear how patients with DA learn semantic information in the presence of episodic amnesia. However, patients with DA show good recognition memory and it is possible that semantic learning may be supported by recognition. Building on previous work, we compared two methods for supporting semantic learning in DA; recognition-learning and recall-learning. In each condition, a patient with DA (aged 8 years) was presented with semantic information in animated videos. After each presentation of a video, learning was supported by an immediate memory test. Two videos were paired with a cued recall test. Another two videos were paired with a multiple-choice test to enable recognition-based learning. The outcome measure was semantic recall performance after a short delay of 30 min and a long delay of one week. Results showed a benefit of recognition-learning compared to recall-learning on cued recall in the patient with DA (76% vs. 35%). This finding indicates that young people with severe hippocampal damage can utilize recognition to support semantic learning. This has implications for the support of school-aged children with episodic memory difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Elward
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Limond
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Loïc J. Chareyron
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Janice Ethapemi
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Faraneh Vargha-Khadem
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust
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3
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Chareyron LJ, Chong WKK, Banks T, Burgess N, Saunders RC, Vargha-Khadem F. Anatomo-functional changes in neural substrates of cognitive memory in developmental amnesia: Insights from automated and manual MRI examinations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.23.525152. [PMID: 36789443 PMCID: PMC9928053 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.525152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite bilateral hippocampal damage dating to perinatal or early-childhood period, and severely-impaired episodic memory that unfolds in later childhood, patients with developmental amnesia continue to exhibit well-developed semantic memory across the developmental trajectory. Detailed information on the extent and focality of brain damage in these patients is needed to hypothesize about the neural substrate that supports their remarkable capacity for encoding and retrieval of semantic memory. In particular, we need to assess whether the residual hippocampal tissue is involved in this preservation, or whether the surrounding cortical areas reorganise to rescue aspects of these critical cognitive memory processes after early injury. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis, automatic (FreeSurfer) and manual segmentation to characterize structural changes in the brain of an exceptionally large cohort of 23 patients with developmental amnesia in comparison with 32 control subjects. Both the VBM and the FreeSurfer analyses revealed severe structural alterations in the hippocampus and thalamus of patients with developmental amnesia. Milder damage was found in the amygdala, caudate and parahippocampal gyrus. Manual segmentation demonstrated differences in the degree of atrophy of the hippocampal subregions in patients. The level of atrophy in CA-DG subregions and subicular complex was more than 40% while the atrophy of the uncus was moderate (-23%). Anatomo-functional correlations were observed between the volumes of residual hippocampal subregions in patients and selective aspects of their cognitive performance viz, intelligence, working memory, and verbal and visuospatial recall. Our findings suggest that in patients with developmental amnesia, cognitive processing is compromised as a function of the extent of atrophy in hippocampal subregions, such that the greater the damage, the more likely it is that surrounding cortical areas will be recruited to rescue the putative functions of the damaged subregions. Our findings document for the first time not only the extent, but also the limits of circuit reorganization occurring in the young brain after early bilateral hippocampal damage.
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4
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Marsh LC, Leach RM, Blane J, Daly K, Barrett NA, Slack A, Kopelman MD. Long-term cognitive and psychiatric outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome managed with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Respir Med 2021; 183:106419. [PMID: 33957436 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is often reported in patients who have experienced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is increasingly used to manage ARDS patients in ICU, transforming survival rates. However, few studies have examined cognitive outcomes. METHODS We examined self-reported cognitive complaints, psychiatric outcomes and neuropsychological test performance in survivors of severe hypoxaemia managed with VV-ECMO, at 18-24 month follow-up, compared with a group of healthy controls. RESULTS Over 70% of ECMO-treated patients (N = 46) complained of difficulty in at least one aspect of cognition on self-report measures (study 1). However, a much lower frequency of cognitive impairment was found on formal neuropsychological testing (study 2). Mean neuropsychological test scores of the ECMO group (N = 24) did not significantly differ from healthy controls (N = 23) after controlling for depression. Less than 30% of ECMO-treated patients showed impairments in anterograde memory, and deficits on general IQ or executive function were seen in <17% of patients. However, we observed high levels of self-reported anxiety and depression in the ECMO-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive outcomes in ECMO-treated patients were generally good, with preserved neuropsychological function in the majority of patients, despite severe hypoxaemia and high rates of self-reported difficulties. However, we saw high levels of mental health symptoms in these patients, highlighting a need for psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Marsh
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK.
| | - R M Leach
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J Blane
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK
| | - K Daly
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - N A Barrett
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - A Slack
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - M D Kopelman
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK
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Elward RL, Rugg MD, Vargha-Khadem F. When the brain, but not the person, remembers: Cortical reinstatement is modulated by retrieval goal in developmental amnesia. Neuropsychologia 2021; 154:107788. [PMID: 33587931 PMCID: PMC7967023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Developmental amnesia (DA) is associated with early hippocampal damage and subsequent episodic amnesia emerging in childhood alongside age-appropriate development of semantic knowledge. We employed fMRI to assess whether patients with DA show evidence of 'cortical reinstatement', a neural correlate of episodic memory, despite their amnesia. At study, 23 participants (5 patients) were presented with words overlaid on a scene or a scrambled image for later recognition. Scene reinstatement was indexed by scene memory effects (greater activity for previously presented words paired with a scene rather than scrambled images) that overlapped with scene perception effects. Patients with DA demonstrated scene reinstatement effects in the parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortex that were equivalent to those shown by healthy controls. Behaviourally, however, patients with DA showed markedly impaired scene memory. The data indicate that reinstatement can occur despite hippocampal damage, but that cortical reinstatement is insufficient to support accurate memory performance. Furthermore, scene reinstatement effects were diminished during a retrieval task in which scene information was not relevant for accurate responding, indicating that strategic mnemonic processes operate normally in DA. The data suggest that cortical reinstatement of trial-specific contextual information is decoupled from the experience of recollection in the presence of severe hippocampal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael L Elward
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, London, UK; London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, USA; School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, UK
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Vargha-Khadem F, Cacucci F. A brief history of developmental amnesia. Neuropsychologia 2020; 150:107689. [PMID: 33253689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faraneh Vargha-Khadem
- Centre for Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Francesca Cacucci
- Centre for Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Dept. of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, UCL, London, UK
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Abstract
Since the seminal work on the patient HM, who in his adulthood presented an acquired amnesic syndrome following the resection of the bilateral temporal lobe, other research has described several cases of isolated memory dysfunction in children. This chapter presents developmental and long-lasting memory disorders emerging from an organic or neurologic cause at birth or in infancy. More notably, we focus on developmental amnesic syndrome caused by neonatal bihippocampal damage and memory dysfunction caused by medial temporal developmental epilepsy. We describe these two pediatric populations and present the consequences of hippocampal/medial temporal lobe damage in the development of memory systems. We review episodic memory deficits in children with developmental amnesia and temporal lobe epilepsy and highlight their impact on new learning, personal memories, and independent life. Finally, we provide a brief overview of some of the insights and debates emerging from classic work and recent advances in the context of episodic memory dysfunction displayed by children with hippocampal/medial temporal lobe amnesia and propose new perspectives in child neuropsychology of memory, suggesting new avenues for more ecologic memory assessment and rehabilitation.
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8
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Stöber TM, Lehr AB, Hafting T, Kumar A, Fyhn M. Selective neuromodulation and mutual inhibition within the
CA3–CA2
system can prioritize sequences for replay. Hippocampus 2020; 30:1228-1238. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan M. Stöber
- Department of Computational Physiology Simula Research Laboratory Lysaker Norway
- Centre for Integrative Neuroplasticity University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Informatics University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Andrew B. Lehr
- Department of Computational Physiology Simula Research Laboratory Lysaker Norway
- Centre for Integrative Neuroplasticity University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Computational Neuroscience University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Torkel Hafting
- Centre for Integrative Neuroplasticity University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Computational Science and Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marianne Fyhn
- Centre for Integrative Neuroplasticity University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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9
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Buck S, Bastos F, Baldeweg T, Vargha-Khadem F. A Functional MRI Paradigm Suitable for Language and Memory Mapping in Pediatric Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2020; 10:1384. [PMID: 31998226 PMCID: PMC6966885 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a technique frequently used to determine the territories of eloquent tissue that serve critical functions, such as language. This can be particularly useful as part of the pre-surgical assessment for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in order to predict cognitive outcome and guide surgical decision-making. Whereas language fMRI is widely used, memory fMRI is less frequently employed in adult TLE, and lacking in childhood TLE. We have developed a combined language/memory fMRI paradigm that is suitable for children, to provide clinically useful information for surgical planning in pediatric TLE. We evaluated this paradigm in 28 healthy children, aged 8 to 18 years. The advantages of this paradigm are: (a) it examines the functional mapping of language and memory networks within one scanning session, (b) provides assessment of both memory encoding- and retrieval-related neural networks, (c) examines recall-based retrieval to engage hippocampal involvement compared to recognition-based retrieval, and (d) provides overt verbal responses to monitor in-scanner memory performance. This novel fMRI paradigm was designed for language and memory mapping in pediatric TLE and could provide clinically useful information for surgical planning. Finally, parallel versions of the paradigm allow the comparison of brain activations pre- and post-surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Buck
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Bastos
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Unit of Paediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Baldeweg
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faraneh Vargha-Khadem
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Buck S, Sidhu MK. A Guide to Designing a Memory fMRI Paradigm for Pre-surgical Evaluation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2020; 10:1354. [PMID: 31998216 PMCID: PMC6962296 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the clinical and experimental use of memory functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The 2017 American Academy of Neurology practice guidelines on the use of pre-surgical cognitive fMRI suggests that verbal memory fMRI could be used to lateralize memory functions in people with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) and should be used to predict post-operative verbal memory outcome. There are however technical and methodological considerations, to optimize both the sensitivity and specificity of this imaging modality. Below we discuss these constraints and suggest recommendations to consider when designing a memory fMRI paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Buck
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Saint Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Meneka K. Sidhu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Saint Peter, United Kingdom
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Despouy E, Curot J, Deudon M, Gardy L, Denuelle M, Sol JC, Lotterie JA, Valton L, Barbeau EJ. A Fast Visual Recognition Memory System in Humans Identified Using Intracerebral ERP. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:2961-2971. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
One key item of information retrieved when surveying our visual world is whether or not objects are familiar. However, there is no consensus on the respective roles of medial temporal lobe structures, particularly the perirhinal cortex (PRC) and hippocampus. We considered whether the PRC could support a fast recognition memory system independently from the hippocampus. We recorded the intracerebral electroencephalograph activity of epileptic patients while they were performing a fast visual recognition memory task, constraining them to use their quickest strategy. We performed event-related potential (ERP) and classification analyses. The PRC was, by far, the earliest region involved in recognition memory. This activity occurred before the first behavioral responses and was found to be related to reaction times, unlike the hippocampus. Single-trial analyses showed that decoding power was equivalent in the PRC and hippocampus but occurred much earlier in the PRC. A critical finding was that recognition memory-related activity occurred in different frontal and parietal regions, including the supplementary motor area, before the hippocampus. These results, based on ERP analyses, suggest that the human brain is equipped with a fast recognition memory system, which may bypass the hippocampus and in which the PRC plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Despouy
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse 31052, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CerCo (UMR5549), Toulouse 31052, France
- Dixi medical, Chaudefontaine 25640, France
| | - Jonathan Curot
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse 31052, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CerCo (UMR5549), Toulouse 31052, France
- Explorations neurophysiologiques, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Martin Deudon
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse 31052, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CerCo (UMR5549), Toulouse 31052, France
| | - Ludovic Gardy
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse 31052, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CerCo (UMR5549), Toulouse 31052, France
| | - Marie Denuelle
- Explorations neurophysiologiques, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Sol
- INSERM, U1214, TONIC, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, Toulouse 31024, France
- Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Jean-Albert Lotterie
- INSERM, U1214, TONIC, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, Toulouse 31024, France
- Radiochirurgie stéréotaxique, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse 31052, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CerCo (UMR5549), Toulouse 31052, France
- Explorations neurophysiologiques, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Emmanuel J Barbeau
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse 31052, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CerCo (UMR5549), Toulouse 31052, France
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12
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Elward RL, Dzieciol AM, Vargha-Khadem F. Little evidence for fast mapping in adults with developmental amnesia. Cogn Neurosci 2019; 10:215-217. [PMID: 30894071 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2019.1593123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cooper, Greve, and Henson (this issue) conclude that hippocampal-independent learning, as operationalised by 'fast mapping' (FM), is unlikely to facilitate learning in adults. We provide evidence from patients with Developmental Amnesia (DA), who acquire language and semantic knowledge despite early hippocampal pathology. We administered an FM paradigm to three patients with DA and controls. Patients showed no benefit of FM compared to explicit encoding. These data support the conclusion that FM is unlikely to facilitate learning in amnesia, regardless of age at onset. Hippocampal-independent learning may be possible in adults with DA, but such learning requires a prolonged consolidation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael L Elward
- a Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London , UK
| | - Anna M Dzieciol
- a Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London , UK
| | - Faraneh Vargha-Khadem
- a Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London , UK
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13
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Johnen A, Pawlowski M, Duning T. Distinguishing neurocognitive deficits in adult patients with NP-C from early onset Alzheimer's dementia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:91. [PMID: 29871644 PMCID: PMC5989447 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 or the NPC2 gene. Neurocognitive deficits are common in NP-C, particularly in patients with the adolescent/adult-onset form. As a disease-specific therapy is available, it is important to distinguish clinically between the cognitive profiles in NP-C and primary dementia (e.g., early Alzheimer's disease; eAD). METHODS In a prospective observational study, we directly compared the neurocognitive profiles of patients with confirmed NP-C (n = 7) and eAD (n = 15). All patients underwent neurocognitive assessment using dementia screening tests (mini-mental status examination [MMSE] and frontal assessment battery [FAB]) and an extensive battery of tests assessing verbal memory, visuoconstructive abilities, visual memory, executive functions and verbal fluency. RESULTS Overall cognitive impairment (MMSE) was significantly greater in eAD vs. NP-C (p = 0.010). The frequency of patients classified as cognitively 'impaired' was also significantly greater in eAD vs. NP-C (p = 0.025). Patients with NP-C showed relatively preserved verbal memory, but frequent impairment in visual memory, visuoconstruction, executive functions and in particular, verbal fluency. In the eAD group, a wider profile of more frequent and more severe neurocognitive deficits was seen, primarily featuring severe verbal and visual memory deficits along with major executive impairment. Delayed verbal memory recall was a particularly strong distinguishing factor between the two groups. CONCLUSION A combination of detailed yet easy-to-apply neurocognitive tests assessing verbal memory, executive functions and verbal fluency may help distinguish NP-C cases from those with primary dementia due to eAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Johnen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Pawlowski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Duning
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
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14
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Elward RL, Vargha-Khadem F. Semantic memory in developmental amnesia. Neurosci Lett 2018; 680:23-30. [PMID: 29715544 PMCID: PMC6086936 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Profile of patients with developmental amnesia and dissociations in cognitive memory. Variables affecting semantic learning in developmental amnesia. Differences between adult-onset versus early-onset amnesia.
Patients with developmental amnesia resulting from bilateral hippocampal atrophy associated with neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia typically show relatively preserved semantic memory and factual knowledge about the natural world despite severe impairments in episodic memory. Understanding the neural and mnemonic processes that enable this context-free semantic knowledge to be acquired throughout development without the support of the contextualised episodic memory system is a serious challenge. This review describes the clinical presentation of patients with developmental amnesia, contrasts its features with those reported for adult-onset hippocampal amnesia, and analyses the effects of variables that influence the learning of new semantic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael L Elward
- Cognitive Neuroscience & Neuropsychiatry Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Faraneh Vargha-Khadem
- Cognitive Neuroscience & Neuropsychiatry Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom.
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15
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Abstract
Neurological amnesia has been and remains the focus of intense study, motivated by the drive to understand typical and atypical memory function and the underlying brain basis that is involved. There is now a consensus that amnesia associated with hippocampal (and, in many cases, broader medial temporal lobe) damage results in deficits in episodic memory, delayed recall, and recollective experience. However, debate continues regarding the patterns of preservation and impairment across a range of abilities, including semantic memory and learning, delayed recognition, working memory, and imagination. This brief review highlights some of the influential and recent advances in these debates and what they may tell us about the amnesic condition and hippocampal function.
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16
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The role of the hippocampus in recognition memory. Cortex 2017; 93:155-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Nordin K, Herlitz A, Larsson EM, Söderlund H. Overlapping effects of age on associative memory and the anterior hippocampus from middle to older age. Behav Brain Res 2017; 317:350-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Dzieciol AM, Bachevalier J, Saleem KS, Gadian DG, Saunders R, Chong WKK, Banks T, Mishkin M, Vargha-Khadem F. Hippocampal and diencephalic pathology in developmental amnesia. Cortex 2016; 86:33-44. [PMID: 27880886 PMCID: PMC5264402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Developmental amnesia (DA) is a selective episodic memory disorder associated with hypoxia-induced bilateral hippocampal atrophy of early onset. Despite the systemic impact of hypoxia-ischaemia, the resulting brain damage was previously reported to be largely limited to the hippocampus. However, the thalamus and the mammillary bodies are parts of the hippocampal-diencephalic network and are therefore also at risk of injury following hypoxic-ischaemic events. Here, we report a neuroimaging investigation of diencephalic damage in a group of 18 patients with DA (age range 11-35 years), and an equal number of controls. Importantly, we uncovered a marked degree of atrophy in the mammillary bodies in two thirds of our patients. In addition, as a group, patients had mildly reduced thalamic volumes. The size of the anterior-mid thalamic (AMT) segment was correlated with patients' visual memory performance. Thus, in addition to the hippocampus, the diencephalic structures also appear to play a role in the patients' memory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Dzieciol
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| | | | | | - David G Gadian
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - W K Kling Chong
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Tina Banks
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
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19
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Multiple determinants of lifespan memory differences. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32527. [PMID: 27600595 PMCID: PMC5013267 DOI: 10.1038/srep32527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory problems are among the most common complaints as people grow older. Using structural equation modeling of commensurate scores of anterograde memory from a large (N = 315), population-derived sample (www.cam-can.org), we provide evidence for three memory factors that are supported by distinct brain regions and show differential sensitivity to age. Associative memory and item memory are dramatically affected by age, even after adjusting for education level and fluid intelligence, whereas visual priming is not. Associative memory and item memory are differentially affected by emotional valence, and the age-related decline in associative memory is faster for negative than for positive or neutral stimuli. Gray-matter volume in the hippocampus, parahippocampus and fusiform cortex, and a white-matter index for the fornix, uncinate fasciculus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, show differential contributions to the three memory factors. Together, these data demonstrate the extent to which differential ageing of the brain leads to differential patterns of memory loss.
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