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Noël O, Mazeran PE, Stanković I. Nature of Dynamic Friction in a Humid Hydrophobic Nanocontact. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10768-10774. [PMID: 35731935 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The physics of dynamic friction on water molecule contaminated surfaces is still poorly understood. In line with the growing interest in hydrophobic contact for industrial applications, this paper focuses on friction mechanisms in such interfaces. As a commonly used material, contact with graphite is considered in a twin-fold approach based on experimental investigations using the circular mode atomic force microscopy technique combined with molecular dynamic simulations. We demonstrate that an intuitive paradigm, which asserts that water molecules are squeezed out of a hydrophobic contact, should be refined. As a consequence, we introduce a mechanism considering a droplet produced within the sliding nanocontact by the accumulation of water adsorbed on the substrate. Then we show that a full slip regime of the droplet sliding on the hydrophobic substrate explains the experimental tribological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Noël
- IMMM, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Cedex 09, Le Mans, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Mazeran
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Roberval, FRE UTC-CNRS 2012, Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Igor Stanković
- Scientific Computing Laboratory, Center for the Study of Complex Systems, Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Ampadi Ramachandran R, Lee C, Zhang L, H SM, Bijukumar D, Pai PS, Foucher K, Chi SW, Ozevin D, Mathew MT. Total hip replacement monitoring: numerical models for the acoustic emission technique. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:1497-1510. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li W, Lei X, Feng H, Li B, Kong J, Xing M. Layer-by-Layer Cell Encapsulation for Drug Delivery: The History, Technique Basis, and Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020297. [PMID: 35214030 PMCID: PMC8874529 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The encapsulation of cells with various polyelectrolytes through layer-by-layer (LbL) has become a popular strategy in cellular function engineering. The technique sprang up in 1990s and obtained tremendous advances in multi-functionalized encapsulation of cells in recent years. This review comprehensively summarized the basis and applications in drug delivery by means of LbL cell encapsulation. To begin with, the concept and brief history of LbL and LbL cell encapsulation were introduced. Next, diverse types of materials, including naturally extracted and chemically synthesized, were exhibited, followed by a complicated basis of LbL assembly, such as interactions within multilayers, charge distribution, and films morphology. Furthermore, the review focused on the protective effects against adverse factors, and bioactive payloads incorporation could be realized via LbL cell encapsulation. Additionally, the payload delivery from cell encapsulation system could be adjusted by environment, redox, biological processes, and functional linkers to release payloads in controlled manners. In short, drug delivery via LbL cell encapsulation, which takes advantage of both cell grafts and drug activities, will be of great importance in basic research of cell science and biotherapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.F.)
| | - Xuejiao Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.F.)
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.F.)
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.X.)
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, 75 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.X.)
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Ajith VJ, Patil S. Translational Diffusion of a Fluorescent Tracer Molecule in Nanoconfined Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1034-1044. [PMID: 35007074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion of tracer dye molecules in water confined to the nanoscale is an important subject with a direct bearing on many technological applications. It is not yet clear, however, if the dynamics of water in hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic nanochannels remains bulk-like. Here, we present diffusion measurement of a fluorescent dye molecule in water confined to the nanoscale between two hydrophilic surfaces whose separation can be controlled with a precision of less than a nm. We observe that the fluorescence intensities correlate over fast (∼30 μs) and slow (∼1000 μs) time components. The slow time scale is due to adsorption of fluorophores to the confining walls, and it disappears in the presence of 1 M salt. The fast component is attributed to diffusion of dye molecules in the gap. It is found to be bulk-like for sub-10 nm separations and indicates that the viscosity of water under confinement remains unaltered up to a confinement gap as small as ∼5 nm. Our findings contradict some of the recent measurements of diffusion under nanoconfinement; however, they are consistent with many estimates of self-diffusion using molecular dynamics simulations and measurements using neutron scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Ajith
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivprasad Patil
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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Choi Y, Phan B, Tanaka M, Hong J, Choi J. Methods and Applications of Biomolecular Surface Coatings on Individual Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6556-6570. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Binh Phan
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Giessibl FJ. The qPlus sensor, a powerful core for the atomic force microscope. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:011101. [PMID: 30709191 DOI: 10.1063/1.5052264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was introduced in 1986 and has since made its way into surface science, nanoscience, chemistry, biology, and material science as an imaging and manipulating tool with a rising number of applications. AFM can be employed in ambient and liquid environments as well as in vacuum and at low and ultralow temperatures. The technique is an offspring of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), where the tunneling tip of the STM is replaced by using a force sensor with an attached tip. Measuring the tiny chemical forces that act between the tip and the sample is more difficult than measuring the tunneling current in STM. Therefore, even 30 years after the introduction of AFM, progress in instrumentation is substantial. Here, we focus on the core of the AFM, the force sensor with its tip and detection mechanism. Initially, force sensors were mainly micro-machined silicon cantilevers, mainly using optical methods to detect their deflection. The qPlus sensor, originally based on a quartz tuning fork and now custom built from quartz, is self-sensing by utilizing the piezoelectricity of quartz. The qPlus sensor allows us to perform STM and AFM in parallel, and the spatial resolution of its AFM channel has reached the subatomic level, exceeding the resolution of STM. Frequency modulation AFM (FM-AFM), where the frequency of an oscillating cantilever is altered by the gradient of the force that acts between the tip and the sample, has emerged over the years as the method that provides atomic and subatomic spatial resolution as well as force spectroscopy with sub-piconewton sensitivity. FM-AFM is precise; because of all physical observables, time and frequency can be measured by far with the greatest accuracy. By design, FM-AFM clearly separates conservative and dissipative interactions where conservative forces induce a frequency shift and dissipative interactions alter the power needed to maintain a constant oscillation amplitude of the cantilever. As it operates in a noncontact mode, it enables simultaneous AFM and STM measurements. The frequency stability of quartz and the small oscillation amplitudes that are possible with stiff quartz sensors optimize the signal to noise ratio. Here, we discuss the operating principles, the assembly of qPlus sensors, amplifiers, limiting factors, and applications. Applications encompass unprecedented subatomic spatial resolution, the measurement of forces that act in atomic manipulation, imaging and spectroscopy of spin-dependent forces, and atomic resolution of organic molecules, graphite, graphene, and oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz J Giessibl
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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McGraw JD, Niguès A, Chennevière A, Siria A. Contact Dependence and Velocity Crossover in Friction between Microscopic Solid/Solid Contacts. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6335-6339. [PMID: 28930467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Friction at the nanoscale differs markedly from that between surfaces of macroscopic extent. Characteristically, the velocity dependence of friction between apparent solid/solid contacts can strongly deviate from the classically assumed velocity independence. Here, we show that a nondestructive friction between solid tips with radius on the scale of hundreds of nanometers and solid hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers has a strong velocity dependence. Specifically, using laterally oscillating quartz tuning forks, we observe a linear scaling in the velocity at the lowest accessed velocities, typically hundreds of micrometers per second, crossing over into a logarithmic velocity dependence. This crossover is consistent with a general multicontact friction model that includes thermally activated breaking of the contacts at subnanometric elongation. We find as well a strong dependence of the friction on the dimensions of the frictional probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D McGraw
- Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure/Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, CNRS , 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Niguès
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'Ecole Normale Superiéure, UMR CNRS 8550, PSL Research University , 24 Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Chennevière
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin CEA, CNRS, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alessandro Siria
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'Ecole Normale Superiéure, UMR CNRS 8550, PSL Research University , 24 Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris, France
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Sekhon A, Ajith VJ, Patil S. The effect of boundary slippage and nonlinear rheological response on flow of nanoconfined water. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:205101. [PMID: 28323639 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa682c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The flow of water confined to nanometer-sized pores is central to a wide range of subjects from biology to nanofluidic devices. Despite its importance, a clear picture about nanoscale fluid dynamics is yet to emerge. Here we measured dissipation in less than 25 nm thick water films and it was found to decrease for both wetting and non-wetting confining surfaces. The fitting of Carreau-Yasuda model of shear thinning to our measurements implies that flow is non-Newtonian and for wetting surfaces the no-slip boundary condition is largely valid. In contrast, for non-wetting surfaces boundary slippage occurs with slip lengths of the order of 10 nm. The findings suggest that both, the wettability of the confining surfaces and nonlinear rheological response of water molecules under nano-confinement play a dominant role in transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Sekhon
- Nanomechanics Laboratory, Physics Division and Centre for Energy Science, h-cross, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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Gruener S, Wallacher D, Greulich S, Busch M, Huber P. Hydraulic transport across hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanopores: Flow experiments with water and n-hexane. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:013102. [PMID: 26871150 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.013102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally explore pressure-driven flow of water and n-hexane across nanoporous silica (Vycor glass monoliths with 7- or 10-nm pore diameters, respectively) as a function of temperature and surface functionalization (native and silanized glass surfaces). Hydraulic flow rates are measured by applying hydrostatic pressures via inert gases (argon and helium, pressurized up to 70 bar) on the upstream side in a capacitor-based membrane permeability setup. For the native, hydrophilic silica walls, the measured hydraulic permeabilities can be quantitatively accounted for by bulk fluidity provided we assume a sticking boundary layer, i.e., a negative velocity slip length of molecular dimensions. The thickness of this boundary layer is discussed with regard to previous capillarity-driven flow experiments (spontaneous imbibition) and with regard to velocity slippage at the pore walls resulting from dissolved gas. Water flow across the silanized, hydrophobic nanopores is blocked up to a hydrostatic pressure of at least 70 bar. The absence of a sticking boundary layer quantitatively accounts for an enhanced n-hexane permeability in the hydrophobic compared to the hydrophilic nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gruener
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany and Sorption and Permeation Laboratory, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Dirk Wallacher
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany and Department Sample Environments, Helmholtz-Centre Berlin for Energy and Materials, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Greulich
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mark Busch
- Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Eißendorfer Str. 42, D-21073 Hamburg-Harburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany and Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Eißendorfer Str. 42, D-21073 Hamburg-Harburg, Germany
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Lee M, Kim B, Kim QH, Hwang J, An S, Jhe W. Viscometry of single nanoliter-volume droplets using dynamic force spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27684-27690. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05896e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an atomic force microscope-based platform for viscometry of ‘nanoliter' volume fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
| | - Bongsu Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
| | - QHwan Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
| | - JongGeun Hwang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
| | - Sangmin An
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
| | - Wonho Jhe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
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