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Sambuichi T, Tsunogai U, Ito M, Nakagawa F. First Measurements on Triple Oxygen Isotopes of Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate in the Hydrosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3415-3424. [PMID: 36786031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) is an important nutrient in the hydrosphere, it is difficult to quantitatively clarify the dynamics of DIP in the hydrosphere using the δ18O value of DIP as a tracer. In this study, we quantified the triple oxygen isotopic compositions (Δ'17O) of DIP relative to VSMOW with the reference line with a slope of 0.528 as an additional tracer to clarify the sources and dynamics of DIP in the hydrosphere. We found significant variation in the Δ'17O values of riverine DIP in urban areas, ranging from -107 × 10-6 to +3 × 10-6, while those of DIP in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and DIP extracted from the chemical fertilizers showed -56 ± 5 × 10-6 (1SD) and -98 ± 5 × 10-6, respectively. We conclude that both the DIP supplied directly from the artificial loads (the WWTP effluent and chemical fertilizers) showing 17O-depleted Δ'17O values and the DIP turned over via the aquatic biosphere showing 17O-enriched Δ'17O values similar to ambient H2O were the major sources of riverine DIP. High-precision determination of the Δ'17O value of DIP can contribute to quantitative clarification of the dynamics of DIP in the hydrosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sambuichi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Urumu Tsunogai
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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Hare VJ, Dyroff C, Nelson DD, Yarian DA. High-Precision Triple Oxygen Isotope Analysis of Carbon Dioxide by Tunable Infrared Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16023-16032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J. Hare
- Stable Light Isotope Laboratory, Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7701, South Africa
| | - Christoph Dyroff
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts01821, United States
| | - David D. Nelson
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts01821, United States
| | - Drake A. Yarian
- Stable Light Isotope Laboratory, Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7701, South Africa
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Watzinger A, Schott K, Hood‐Nowotny R, Tamburini F, Arppe L, Cristini D, Knöller K, Skrzypek G. New Ag 3 PO 4 comparison material for stable oxygen isotope analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9101. [PMID: 33835608 PMCID: PMC8243957 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A silver phosphate reference material (Ag3 PO4 ) for the measurement of stable oxygen isotope compositions is much needed; however, it is not available from the authorities distributing reference materials. This study aims to fill this gap by calibrating a new Ag3 PO4 stable isotope comparison material produced by the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU). METHODS Aliquots of Ag3 PO4 were distributed to four laboratories who frequently measure the δ18 O value in Ag3 PO4 ; the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), the University of Western Australia (UWA), the University of Helsinki (UH), and the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ). The instruments used to perform the measurements were high-temperature conversion elemental analysers coupled with continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometers. The working gas δ18 O value was set to 0‰ and the normalization was done by a three-point linear regression using the reference materials IAEA-601, IAEA-602, and NBS127. RESULTS The mean δ18 O value of the new BOKU Ag3 PO4 comparison material on the VSMOW-SLAP scale is 13.71‰ and the combined uncertainty is estimated as ±0.34‰. This estimated uncertainty is within the range typical for comparison materials of phosphates and sulphates. Consistent results from the different laboratories probably derived from similar instrumentation, and use of the same reference materials and normalization procedure. The matrix effect of the different reference materials used in this study was deemed negligible. CONCLUSIONS The BOKU Ag3 PO4 can be used as an alternative comparison material for stable oxygen isotope analysis and is available for stable isotope research laboratories to facilitate calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Watzinger
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 24Tulln3430Austria
| | - Katharina Schott
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 24Tulln3430Austria
| | - Rebecca Hood‐Nowotny
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 24Tulln3430Austria
| | - Federica Tamburini
- Group of Plant NutritionInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichEschikon 33Lindau8315Switzerland
| | - Laura Arppe
- Laboratory of Chronology, Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of HelsinkiGustaf Hällströmin katu 2AHelsinkiFinland
| | - Domiziana Cristini
- Department of Catchment HydrologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZTheodor‐Lieser‐Strasse 4Halle06120Germany
- Aquatic Ecology and EvolutionLimnological Institute, University of KonstanzConstance78464Germany
| | - Kay Knöller
- Department of Catchment HydrologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZTheodor‐Lieser‐Strasse 4Halle06120Germany
| | - Grzegorz Skrzypek
- West Australian Biogeochemistry Centre, School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA6009Australia
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Tan K, Zheng H. Ocean acidification and adaptive bivalve farming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134794. [PMID: 31715479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence, ranging from time series field observations to climate change stimulation experiments demonstrate the negative effects of global warming and ocean acidification (OA) on bivalve molluscs. The impact of global warming on bivalve aquaculture has recently been reviewed. However, the impact of OA on bivalve aquaculture has received relatively less attention. Although there are many reports on the effects of OA on bivalves, this information is poorly organized and the connection between OA and bivalve aquaculture is unclear. Therefore, understanding the potential impact of acidification on ecosystems and bivalve aquaculture is of prime importance. Here, we provide a comprehensive scientific review of the impact of OA on bivalves and propose mitigation measures for future bivalve farming. This information will help to establish aquaculture and fisheries management plans to be implemented in commercial fisheries and nature conservation. In general, scientific evidence suggests that OA threatens bivalves by diminishing the availability of carbonate minerals, which may adversely affect the development of early life stages, calcification, growth, byssus attachment and survival of bivalves. The Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) approach is a useful method in slowing the effects of climate change, thereby providing longer adaptation period for bivalves to changing ocean conditions. However, for certain regions that experience intense OA effects or for certain bivalve species that have much longer generational time, IMTA alone may not be sufficient to protect bivalves from the adverse effects of climate change. Therefore, it is highly recommended to combine IMTA and genetic breeding methods to facilitate transgenerational acclimation or evolution processes to enhance the climate resilience of bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Li C, Sun H, Wu X, Han H. Dataset of the net primary production on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using a soil water content improved Biome-BGC model. Data Brief 2019; 27:104740. [PMID: 31763397 PMCID: PMC6864309 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Biome-BGC (biome biogeochemical cycles) model is widely used for modeling the net primary productivity (NPP) of ecosystems. However, this model ignores soil water changes during the freeze-thaw process in permafrost regions, which may lead to considerable errors in the NPP estimations. In this context we propose a numerical simulation method for improving soil water content during the freeze-thaw process based on the field observation data of soil water and temperature. This approach does not require new parameters and has no impact on other modules. The improvement of soil water content during the freeze-thaw process was then incorporated in the Biome-BGC model for NPP in an alpine meadow in the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Interpretation of this data can be found in a research article entitled "An approach for improving soil water content for modeling net primary production on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using Biome-BGC model" (Li et al., 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhua Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Han
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Whiteman JP, Sharp ZD, Gerson AR, Newsome SD. Relating Δ17O Values of Animal Body Water to Exogenous Water Inputs and Metabolism. Bioscience 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The dynamics of animal body water and metabolism are integral aspects of biological function but are difficult to measure, particularly in free-ranging individuals. We demonstrate a new method to estimate inputs to body water via analysis of Δ17O, a measure of 17O/16O relative to 18O/16O. Animal body water is primarily a mixture of drinking or food water (meteoric water; Δ17O ≈ 0.030 per mille [‰]) and metabolic water synthesized from atmospheric oxygen (Δ17O ≈ –0.450‰). Greater drinking or food water intake should increase Δ17O toward 0.030‰, whereas greater metabolic rate should decrease Δ17O toward –0.450‰. We found that wild mammal Δ17O values generally increased with body mass, consistent with both a decline in mass-specific metabolic rate and an increase in water intake. Captive mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) Δ17O values were higher than predicted but exhibited the expected relative change based on metabolic rate and water intake. Measurements of Δ17O may enable novel ecophysiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Whiteman
- Department of Biological Sciences at Old Dominion University, in Norfolk, Virginia
| | | | | | - Seth D Newsome
- Department of Biology, at the University of New Mexico, in Albuquerque
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Frieling J, Peterse F, Lunt DJ, Bohaty SM, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Reichart G‐J, Sluijs A. Widespread Warming Before and Elevated Barium Burial During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Evidence for Methane Hydrate Release? PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY 2019; 34:546-566. [PMID: 31245790 PMCID: PMC6582550 DOI: 10.1029/2018pa003425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Current climate change may induce positive carbon cycle feedbacks that amplify anthropogenic warming on time scales of centuries to millennia. Similar feedbacks might have been active during a phase of carbon cycle perturbation and global warming, termed the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56 million years ago). The PETM may help constrain these feedbacks and their sensitivity to warming. We present new high-resolution carbon isotope and sea surface temperature data from Ocean Drilling Program Site 959 in the Equatorial Atlantic. With these and existing data from the New Jersey Shelf and Maud Rise, Southern Ocean, we quantify the lead-lag relation between PETM warming and the carbon input that caused the carbon isotope excursion (CIE). We show ~2 °C of global warming preceded the CIE by millennia, strongly implicating CO2-driven warming triggered a positive carbon cycle feedback. We further compile new and published barium (Ba) records encompassing continental shelf, slope, and deep ocean settings. Based on this compilation, we calculate that average Ba burial rates approximately tripled during the PETM, which may require an additional source of Ba to the ocean. Although the precipitation pathway is not well constrained, dissolved Ba stored in sulfate-depleted pore waters below methane hydrates could represent an additional source. We speculate the most complete explanation for early warming and rise in Ba supply is that hydrate dissociation acted as a positive feedback and caused the CIE. These results imply hydrates are more temperature sensitive than previously considered, and may warrant reconsideration of the political assignment of 2 °C warming as a safe future scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Frieling
- Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - F. Peterse
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - D. J. Lunt
- School of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - S. M. Bohaty
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of Southampton, Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUK
| | - J. S. Sinninghe Damsté
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchDepartment of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht UniversityTexelThe Netherlands
| | - G. ‐J. Reichart
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchDepartment of Ocean Sciences, and Utrecht UniversityTexelThe Netherlands
| | - A. Sluijs
- Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Magna T, Žák K, Pack A, Moynier F, Mougel B, Peters S, Skála R, Jonášová Š, Mizera J, Řanda Z. Zhamanshin astrobleme provides evidence for carbonaceous chondrite and post-impact exchange between ejecta and Earth's atmosphere. Nat Commun 2017; 8:227. [PMID: 28794408 PMCID: PMC5550458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical fingerprints of impacts are usually compromised by extreme conditions in the impact plume, and the contribution of projectile matter to impactites does not often exceed a fraction of per cent. Here we use chromium and oxygen isotopes to identify the impactor and impact-plume processes for Zhamanshin astrobleme, Kazakhstan. ε54Cr values up to 1.54 in irghizites, part of the fallback ejecta, represent the 54Cr-rich extremity of the Solar System range and suggest a CI-like chondrite impactor. Δ17O values as low as -0.22‰ in irghizites, however, are incompatible with a CI-like impactor. We suggest that the observed 17O depletion in irghizites relative to the terrestrial range is caused by partial isotope exchange with atmospheric oxygen (Δ17O = -0.47‰) following material ejection. In contrast, combined Δ17O-ε54Cr data for central European tektites (distal ejecta) fall into the terrestrial range and neither impactor fingerprint nor oxygen isotope exchange with the atmosphere are indicated.Identifying the original impactor from craters remains challenging. Here, the authors use chromium and oxygen isotopes to indicate that the Zhamanshin astrobleme impactor was a carbonaceous chrondrite by demonstrating that depleted 17O values are due to exchange with atmospheric oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Magna
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, Prague 1, CZ-118 21, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Žák
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, Prague 6, CZ-165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Pack
- Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Abteilung Isotopengeologie, Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Frédéric Moynier
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, 1 rue Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France
- Insitut Universitaire de France, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Bérengère Mougel
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, 1 rue Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Stefan Peters
- Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Abteilung Isotopengeologie, Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Roman Skála
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, Prague 6, CZ-165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Jonášová
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, Prague 6, CZ-165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mizera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Husinec-Řež, CZ-250 68, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Řanda
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Husinec-Řež, CZ-250 68, Czech Republic
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Pack A, Höweling A, Hezel DC, Stefanak MT, Beck AK, Peters STM, Sengupta S, Herwartz D, Folco L. Tracing the oxygen isotope composition of the upper Earth's atmosphere using cosmic spherules. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15702. [PMID: 28569769 PMCID: PMC5461487 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molten I-type cosmic spherules formed by heating, oxidation and melting of extraterrestrial Fe,Ni metal alloys. The entire oxygen in these spherules sources from the atmosphere. Therefore, I-type cosmic spherules are suitable tracers for the isotopic composition of the upper atmosphere at altitudes between 80 and 115 km. Here we present data on I-type cosmic spherules collected in Antarctica. Their composition is compared with the composition of tropospheric O2. Our data suggest that the Earth's atmospheric O2 is isotopically homogenous up to the thermosphere. This makes fossil I-type micrometeorites ideal proxies for ancient atmospheric CO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pack
- Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andres Höweling
- Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien - Werkstoffprozesstechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dominik C. Hezel
- Universität Köln, Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Greinstraße 4-6, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Maren T. Stefanak
- Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Beck
- Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan T. M. Peters
- Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sukanya Sengupta
- Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Herwartz
- Universität Köln, Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Greinstraße 4-6, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Luigi Folco
- Universitá di Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Functional analysis of a tyrosinase gene involved in early larval shell biogenesis in Crassostrea angulata and its response to ocean acidification. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 206:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Frieling J, Gebhardt H, Huber M, Adekeye OA, Akande SO, Reichart GJ, Middelburg JJ, Schouten S, Sluijs A. Extreme warmth and heat-stressed plankton in the tropics during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1600891. [PMID: 28275727 PMCID: PMC5336354 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Global ocean temperatures rapidly warmed by ~5°C during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ~56 million years ago). Extratropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) met or exceeded modern subtropical values. With these warm extratropical temperatures, climate models predict tropical SSTs >35°C-near upper physiological temperature limits for many organisms. However, few data are available to test these projected extreme tropical temperatures or their potential lethality. We identify the PETM in a shallow marine sedimentary section deposited in Nigeria. On the basis of planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and oxygen isotope ratios and the molecular proxy [Formula: see text], latest Paleocene equatorial SSTs were ~33°C, and [Formula: see text] indicates that SSTs rose to >36°C during the PETM. This confirms model predictions on the magnitude of polar amplification and refutes the tropical thermostat theory. We attribute a massive drop in dinoflagellate abundance and diversity at peak warmth to thermal stress, showing that the base of tropical food webs is vulnerable to rapid warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Frieling
- Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Holger Gebhardt
- Geologische Bundesanstalt, Neulinggasse 38, A 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Matthew Huber
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Olabisi A. Adekeye
- Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O. Akande
- Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Gert-Jan Reichart
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, ’t Horntje, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Jack J. Middelburg
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schouten
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, ’t Horntje, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Appy Sluijs
- Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
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