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List J, Gattringer J, Huszarek S, Marinovic S, Neubauer HA, Kudweis P, Putz EM, Hellinger R, Gotthardt D. Boosting the anti-tumor activity of natural killer cells by caripe 8 - A Carapichea ipecacuanha isolated cyclotide. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117057. [PMID: 38976957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclotides are head-to-tail cyclized peptides with a unique cystine-knot motif. Their structure provides exceptional resistance against enzymatic, chemical, or thermal degradation compared to other peptides. Peptide-based therapeutics promise high specificity, selectivity and lower immunogenicity, making them safer alternatives to small molecules or large biologicals. Cyclotides were researched due to their anti-cancer properties by inducing apoptosis in tumor cells in the past, but the impact of cyclotides on cytotoxic immune cells was poorly studied. Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells and play an important role in the defense against infected, stressed and transformed cells. NK cells do not need prior sensitization and act in an antigen independent manner, holding promising potential in the field of immunotherapy. To investigate the effect of immunomodulatory cyclotides on NK cells, we evaluated several peptide-enriched plant extracts on NK cell mediated cytotoxicity. We observed that the extract samples derived from Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson augments the killing potential of mouse NK cells against different tumor targets in vitro. Subsequent isolation of cyclotides from C. ipecacuanha extracts led to the identification of a primary candidate that enhances cytotoxicity of both mouse and human NK cells. The augmented killing is facilitated by the increased degranulation capacity of NK cells. In addition, we noted a direct toxic effect of caripe 8 on tumor cells, suggesting a dual therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. This study offers novel insights how natural peptides can influence NK cell cytotoxicity. These pre-clinical findings hold significant promise for advancing current immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia List
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Gattringer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sonja Marinovic
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Petra Kudweis
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-M Putz
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Hellinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Chaudhary S, Ali Z, Mahfouz M. Molecular farming for sustainable production of clinical-grade antimicrobial peptides. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2282-2300. [PMID: 38685599 PMCID: PMC11258990 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as next-generation therapeutics due to their broad-spectrum activity against drug-resistant bacterial strains and their ability to eradicate biofilms, modulate immune responses, exert anti-inflammatory effects and improve disease management. They are produced through solid-phase peptide synthesis or in bacterial or yeast cells. Molecular farming, i.e. the production of biologics in plants, offers a low-cost, non-toxic, scalable and simple alternative platform to produce AMPs at a sustainable cost. In this review, we discuss the advantages of molecular farming for producing clinical-grade AMPs, advances in expression and purification systems and the cost advantage for industrial-scale production. We further review how 'green' production is filling the sustainability gap, streamlining patent and regulatory approvals and enabling successful clinical translations that demonstrate the future potential of AMPs produced by molecular farming. Finally, we discuss the regulatory challenges that need to be addressed to fully realize the potential of molecular farming-based AMP production for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Chaudhary
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences4700 King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences4700 King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences4700 King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
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3
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Muzio L, Perego J. CNS Resident Innate Immune Cells: Guardians of CNS Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4865. [PMID: 38732082 PMCID: PMC11084235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the CNS has been considered for a long time an immune-privileged organ, it is now well known that both the parenchyma and non-parenchymal tissue (meninges, perivascular space, and choroid plexus) are richly populated in resident immune cells. The advent of more powerful tools for multiplex immunophenotyping, such as single-cell RNA sequencing technique and upscale multiparametric flow and mass spectrometry, helped in discriminating between resident and infiltrating cells and, above all, the different spectrum of phenotypes distinguishing border-associated macrophages. Here, we focus our attention on resident innate immune players and their primary role in both CNS homeostasis and pathological neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, two key interconnected aspects of the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Muzio
- Neuroimmunology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Huynh NT, Ho TNT, Pham YND, Dang LH, Pham SH, Dang TT. Immunosuppressive Cyclotides: A Promising Approach for Treating Autoimmune Diseases. Protein J 2024; 43:159-170. [PMID: 38485875 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The immune system maintains constant surveillance to prevent the infiltration of both endogenous and exogenous threats into host organisms. The process is regulated by effector immune cells that combat external pathogens and regulatory immune cells that inhibit excessive internal body inflammation, ultimately establishing a state of homeostasis within the body. Disruption to this process could lead to autoimmunity, which is often associated with the malfunction of both T cells and B cells with T cells playing a more major role. A number of therapeutic mediators for autoimmune diseases are available, from conventional disease-modifying drugs to biologic agents and small molecule inhibitors. Recently, ribosomally synthesized peptides, specifically cyclotides from plants are currently attracting more attention as potential autoimmune disease therapeutics due to their decreased toxicity compared to small molecules inhibitors as well as their remarkable stability against a number of factors. This review provides a concise overview of various cyclotides exhibiting immunomodulatory properties and their potential as therapeutic interventions for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thai Huynh
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao N T Ho
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1B TL29, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yen N D Pham
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1B TL29, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Hang Dang
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1B TL29, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Son H Pham
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1B TL29, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tien T Dang
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1B TL29, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
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5
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Jiang X, Gao L, Li Z, Shen Y, Lin ZH. Development and Challenges of Cyclic Peptides for Immunomodulation. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:353-375. [PMID: 37990433 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037272528231030074158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are polypeptide chains formed by cyclic sequences of amide bonds between protein-derived or non-protein-derived amino acids. Compared to linear peptides, cyclic peptides offer several unique advantages, such as increased stability, stronger affinity, improved selectivity, and reduced toxicity. Cyclic peptide has been proved to have a promising application prospect in the medical field. In addition, this paper mainly describes that cyclic peptides play an important role in anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, treatment of multiple sclerosis and membranous nephropathy through immunomodulation. In order to know more useful information about cyclic peptides in clinical research and drug application, this paper also summarizes cyclic peptides currently in the clinical trial stage and cyclic peptide drugs approved for marketing in the recent five years. Cyclic peptides have many advantages and great potential in treating various diseases, but there are still many challenges to be solved in the development process of cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 405400 Chongqing, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 405400 Chongqing, China
| | - Zhilong Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 405400 Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 405400 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Target Based Drug Screening and Activity Evaluation, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 405400 Chongqing, China
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 402760
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Target Based Drug Screening and Activity Evaluation, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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6
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Retzl B, Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Winker M, Nicolay S, Gründemann C, Gruber CW. Exploring Immune Modulatory Effects of Cyclotide-Enriched Viola tricolor Preparations. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1493-1504. [PMID: 37748505 PMCID: PMC10684336 DOI: 10.1055/a-2173-8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Viola tricolor is a medicinal plant with documented application as an anti-inflammatory herb. The standard of care for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is immunosuppressive therapeutics or biologics, which often have undesired effects. We explored V. tricolor herbal preparations that are rich in an emerging class of phytochemicals with drug-like properties, so-called cyclotides. As an alternative to existing inflammatory bowel disease medications, cyclotides have immunomodulatory properties, and their intrinsic stability allows for application in the gastrointestinal tract, for instance, via oral administration. We optimized the isolation procedure to improve the yield of cyclotides and compared the cellular effects of violet-derived organic solvent-extracts, aqueous preparations, and an isolated cyclotide from this plant on primary human T lymphocytes and macrophages, i.e., cells that are crucial for the initiation and progression of inflammatory bowel disease. The hot water herbal decoctions have a stronger immunosuppressive activity towards proliferation, interferon-γ, and interleukin-21 secretion of primary human T cells than a DCM/MeOH cyclotide-enriched extract, and the isolated cyclotide kalata S appears as one of the active components responsible for the observed effects. This effect was increased by a longer boiling duration. In contrast, the DCM/MeOH cyclotide-enriched extract was more effective in reducing the levels of cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-12, interleukin-23, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C - X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, secreted by human monocyte-derived macrophages. Defined cyclotide preparations of V. tricolor have promising pharmacological effects in modulating immune cell responses at the cytokine levels. This is important towards understanding the role of cyclotide-containing herbal drug preparations for future applications in immune disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Retzl
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy Marisa Zimmermann-Klemd
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Winker
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Nicolay
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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7
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He MM, Zhu SX, Cannon JR, Christensen JK, Duggal R, Gunduz M, Hilgendorf C, Hughes A, Kekessie I, Kullmann M, Leung D, Terjung C, Wang K, Wesche F. Metabolism and Excretion of Therapeutic Peptides: Current Industry Practices, Perspectives, and Recommendations. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1436-1450. [PMID: 37591731 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic peptides (TPeps) have expanded from the initial endogenous peptides to complex modified peptides through medicinal chemistry efforts for almost a century. Different from small molecules and large proteins, the diverse submodalities of TPeps have distinct structures and carry different absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. There is no distinct regulatory guidance for the industry on conducting ADME studies (what, how, and when) for TPeps. Therefore, the Peptide ADME Working Group sponsored by the Translational and ADME Sciences Leadership Group of the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development (IQ) was formed with the goal to develop a white paper focusing on metabolism and excretion studies to support discovery and development of TPeps. In this paper, the key learnings from an IQ industry survey and U.S. Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency submission documents of TPeps approved between 2011 and 2022 are outlined in detail. In addition, a comprehensive assessment of in vitro and in vivo metabolism and excretion studies, mitigation strategies for TPep metabolism, analytical tools to conduct studies, regulatory status, and Metabolites in Safety Testing considerations are provided. Finally, an industry recommendation on conducting metabolism and excretion studies is proposed for regulatory filing of TPeps. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This white paper presents current industry practices for metabolism and excretion studies of therapeutic peptides based on an industry survey, regulatory submission documents, and expert opinions from the participants in the Peptide Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion Working Group of the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development. The group also provides recommendations on the Metabolites in Safety Testing considerations and metabolism and excretion studies for regulatory filing of therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Michelle He
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Sean Xiaochun Zhu
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Joe R Cannon
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Jesper Kammersgaard Christensen
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Ruchia Duggal
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Mithat Gunduz
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Constanze Hilgendorf
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Adam Hughes
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Ivy Kekessie
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Maximilian Kullmann
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Dennis Leung
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Carsten Terjung
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
| | - Frank Wesche
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.M.H.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (J.R.C.); Development ADME, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.K.C.); Preclinical Development ADME, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.); PK Sciences/Global Biotransformation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.G.); DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden (C.H.); Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (A.H.); Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (I.K.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany (M.K., C.T.); Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (D.L.); Translational PK/PD and Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California (K.W.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany (F.W.)
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8
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Mourenza A, Ganesan R, Camarero JA. Resistance is futile: targeting multidrug-resistant bacteria with de novo Cys-rich cyclic polypeptides. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:722-735. [PMID: 37799576 PMCID: PMC10549238 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for novel antimicrobial agents to combat microbial pathogens is intensifying in response to rapid drug resistance development to current antibiotic therapeutics. The use of disulfide-rich head-to-tail cyclized polypeptides as molecular frameworks for designing a new type of peptide antibiotics is gaining increasing attention among the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry. The use of macrocyclic peptides, further constrained by the presence of several disulfide bonds, makes these peptide frameworks remarkably more stable to thermal, biological, and chemical degradation showing better activities when compared to their linear analogs. Many of these novel peptide scaffolds have been shown to have a high tolerance to sequence variability in those residues not involved in disulfide bonds, able to cross biological membranes, and efficiently target complex biomolecular interactions. Hence, these unique properties make the use of these scaffolds ideal for many biotechnological applications, including the design of novel peptide antibiotics. This article provides an overview of the new developments in the use of several disulfide-rich cyclic polypeptides, including cyclotides, θ-defensins, and sunflower trypsin inhibitor peptides, among others, in the development of novel antimicrobial peptides against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mourenza
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy Los Angeles CA90033 USA +1-(323) 442-1417
| | - Rajasekaran Ganesan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy Los Angeles CA90033 USA +1-(323) 442-1417
| | - Julio A Camarero
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy Los Angeles CA90033 USA +1-(323) 442-1417
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA90033 USA
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9
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Ma C, Wolfinger R. A prediction model for blood-brain barrier penetrating peptides based on masked peptide transformers with dynamic routing. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad399. [PMID: 37985456 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier penetrating peptides (BBBPs) are short peptide sequences that possess the ability to traverse the selective blood-brain interface, making them valuable drug candidates or carriers for various payloads. However, the in vivo or in vitro validation of BBBPs is resource-intensive and time-consuming, driving the need for accurate in silico prediction methods. Unfortunately, the scarcity of experimentally validated BBBPs hinders the efficacy of current machine-learning approaches in generating reliable predictions. In this paper, we present DeepB3P3, a novel framework for BBBPs prediction. Our contribution encompasses four key aspects. Firstly, we propose a novel deep learning model consisting of a transformer encoder layer, a convolutional network backbone, and a capsule network classification head. This integrated architecture effectively learns representative features from peptide sequences. Secondly, we introduce masked peptides as a powerful data augmentation technique to compensate for small training set sizes in BBBP prediction. Thirdly, we develop a novel threshold-tuning method to handle imbalanced data by approximating the optimal decision threshold using the training set. Lastly, DeepB3P3 provides an accurate estimation of the uncertainty level associated with each prediction. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that DeepB3P3 achieves state-of-the-art accuracy of up to 98.31% on a benchmarking dataset, solidifying its potential as a promising computational tool for the prediction and discovery of BBBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Ma
- JMP Statistical Discovery, LLC, Cary, 27513, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 14260, NY, USA
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10
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Jackson MA, Xie J, Nguyen LTT, Wang X, Yap K, Harvey PJ, Gilding EK, Craik DJ. Plant-based production of an orally active cyclotide for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:121-133. [PMID: 36930229 PMCID: PMC10102037 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease that requires prolonged treatment with often severe side effects. One experimental MS therapeutic currently under development is a single amino acid mutant of a plant peptide termed kalata B1, of the cyclotide family. Like all cyclotides, the therapeutic candidate [T20K]kB1 is highly stable as it contains a cyclic backbone that is cross-linked by three disulfide bonds in a knot-like structure. This stability is much sought after for peptide drugs, which despite exquisite selectivity for their targets, are prone to rapid degradation in human serum. In preliminary investigations, it was found that [T20K]kB1 retains oral activity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of MS in mice, thus opening up opportunities for oral dosing of the peptide. Although [T20K]kB1 can be synthetically produced, a recombinant production system provides advantages, specifically for reduced scale-up costs and reductions in chemical waste. In this study, we demonstrate the capacity of the Australian native Nicotiana benthamiana plant to produce a structurally identical [T20K]kB1 to that of the synthetic peptide. By optimizing the co-expressed cyclizing enzyme, precursor peptide arrangements, and transgene regulatory regions, we demonstrate a [T20K]kB1 yield in crude peptide extracts of ~ 0.3 mg/g dry mass) in whole plants and close to 1.0 mg/g dry mass in isolated infiltrated leaves. With large-scale plant production facilities coming on-line across the world, the sustainable and cost-effective production of cyclotide-based therapeutics is now within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Jackson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Linh T T Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kuok Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peta J Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Edward K Gilding
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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11
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DIDARIAN R, EBRAHIMI A, GHORBANPOOR H, BAGHEROGHLI H, DOGAN GÜZEL F, FARHADPOUR M, LOTFIBAKHSHAYESH N, HASHEMPOUR H, AVCI H. On chip microfluidic separation of cyclotides. Turk J Chem 2022; 47:253-262. [PMID: 37720850 PMCID: PMC10504020 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclotides as a cyclic peptide produced by different groups of plants have been a very attractive field of research due to their exceptional properties in biological activities and drug design applications. The importance of cyclotides as new biological activities from nature caused to attract researchers to develop new separation systems. Recent growth and development on chip-based technology for separation and bioassay especially for anticancer having sparklingly advantages comparison with common traditional methods. In this study, the microfluidic separation of Vigno 1-5 cyclotides extracted from Viola ignobilis by using polar and nonpolar forces as a liquid-liquid interaction was investigated through modified microfluidic chips and then the results were compared with a traditional counterpart technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The traditional process of separating cyclotides from plants is a costly and time-consuming procedure. The scientific novelty of this study is to accelerate the separation of cyclotides using modified microfluidic chips with low cost and high efficiency. The results revealed that a novel and simple microfluidic chip concept is an effective approach for separating the Vigno groups in the violet extract. We believe that the concept could potentially be utilized for further drug development process especially for anticancer studies by coupling bioassay chips as online procedures via reducing in time and cost compared with traditional offline methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza DIDARIAN
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara,
Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir,
Turkey
| | - Aliakbar EBRAHIMI
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir,
Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir,
Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir,
Turkey
| | - Hamed GHORBANPOOR
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir,
Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir,
Turkey
| | - Hesam BAGHEROGHLI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz,
Iran
| | - Fatma DOGAN GÜZEL
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Mohsen FARHADPOUR
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Nasrin LOTFIBAKHSHAYESH
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Hossein HASHEMPOUR
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz,
Iran
| | - Hüseyin AVCI
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir,
Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir,
Turkey
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center (TATUM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir,
Turkey
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12
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Uptake of Flaxseed Dietary Linusorbs Modulates Regulatory Genes Including Induction of Heat Shock Proteins and Apoptosis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233761. [PMID: 36496568 PMCID: PMC9741104 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is gaining popularity as a superfood due to its health-promoting properties. Mature flax grain includes an array of biologically active cyclic peptides or linusorbs (LOs, also known as cyclolinopeptides) that are synthesized from three or more ribosome-derived precursors. Two flaxseed orbitides, [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B3 and [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B2, suppress immunity, induce apoptosis in a cell line derived from human epithelial cancer cells (Calu-3), and inhibit T-cell proliferation, but the mechanism of LO action is unknown. LO-induced changes in gene expression in both nematode cultures and human cancer cell lines indicate that LOs promoted apoptosis. Specific evidence of LO bioactivity included: (1) distribution of LOs throughout the organism after flaxseed consumption; (2) induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 70A, an indicator of stress; (3) induction of apoptosis in Calu-3 cells; and (4) modulation of regulatory genes (determined by microarray analysis). In specific cancer cells, LOs induced apoptosis as well as HSPs in nematodes. The uptake of LOs from dietary sources indicates that these compounds might be suitable as delivery platforms for a variety of biologically active molecules for cancer therapy.
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13
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Antiproliferative Effect of Clitoria ternatea Ethanolic Extract against Colorectal, Breast, and Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clitoria ternatea is a native plant with medicinal and nutritive significance in Asia. The goal of this work was to examine the antiproliferative role of Clitoria ternatea against colorectal (HCT116), breast (MCF-7), and thyroid (TT) cancer cell lines at cellular and molecular levels. A phytochemical analysis, the cytotoxic effect, an apoptotic induction cell cycle analysis, and the expression level of GAX, DIABLO, and NAIP1 genes were assessed. The plant extract exhibited a clear cytotoxic action against the utilized cancer cell lines via a low IC50, foremost by means of cell cycle arrest at the pre-G0, G1, and S phases associated with an apoptotic induction. An apparent raise in the mRNA levels of GAX and DIABLO and a concomitant decrease in the NAIP1 mRNA level were observed in the used cancer cells treated with the IC50 of the plant extract. This study concluded that an ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea induced apoptotic cell death, suggesting that it could possibly be utilized as a new source of an apoptosis-inducing anticancer agent for colon, breast, and medullary thyroid cancer cell line treatments with further detailed studies.
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14
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Kalmankar NV, Gehi BR, Sowdhamini R. Effects of a plant cyclotide on conformational dynamics and destabilization of β-amyloid fibrils through molecular dynamics simulations. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:986704. [PMID: 36250019 PMCID: PMC9561823 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.986704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which results in chronic and progressive neurodegeneration of the brain. A recent study by our group have shown the ability of cyclic disulfide-rich peptides (“cyclotides”) isolated from a medicinal plant, Clitoria ternatea, to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ peptides and reduce oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species using in vivo models of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. In the present study, through extensive computational docking and multi-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we evaluated if cyclotides can stably bind to Aβ molecules and/or destabilize the Aβ fibril by preventing conformational changes from α-helical to β-sheet rich structures. We demonstrate that cyclotides bind effectively and stably to different forms of Aβ structures via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. One of the conserved hydrophobic interface residues, Tyr10 was mutated to Ala and the impact of this virtual mutation was estimated by additional MD simulations for the wild-type (WT) and mutant protein-peptide complexes. A detailed MD simulation analyses revealed that cyclotides form hydrogen bonds with the toxic amyloid assemblies thereby weakening the inter-strand hydrogen bonds between the Aβ peptide. The φ-ѱ distribution map of residues in the cyclotide binding pocket that ideally adopt β-sheet conformation show deviation towards right-handed ɑ-helical (ɑR) conformation. This effect was similar to that observed for the Tyr10Ala mutant and doubly so, for the cyclotide bound form. It is therefore possible to hypothesise that the opening up of amyloid β-sheet is due to an unfolding process occurring in the Aβ caused by cyclotide binding and inhibition. Our current findings provide novel structural insights on the mode of interaction between cyclotides and Aβ fibrils and describe their anti-amyloid aggregation potential. This sheds light on the future of cyclotide-based drug design against protein aggregation, a hallmark event in many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha V. Kalmankar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ramanathan Sowdhamini
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- *Correspondence: Ramanathan Sowdhamini,
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15
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Jacob B, Vogelaar A, Cadenas E, Camarero JA. Using the Cyclotide Scaffold for Targeting Biomolecular Interactions in Drug Development. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196430. [PMID: 36234971 PMCID: PMC9570680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the properties of cyclotides and their potential for developing novel peptide-based therapeutics. The selective disruption of protein–protein interactions remains challenging, as the interacting surfaces are relatively large and flat. However, highly constrained polypeptide-based molecular frameworks with cell-permeability properties, such as the cyclotide scaffold, have shown great promise for targeting those biomolecular interactions. The use of molecular techniques, such as epitope grafting and molecular evolution employing the cyclotide scaffold, has shown to be highly effective for selecting bioactive cyclotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 9033, USA
| | - Alicia Vogelaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 9033, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 9033, USA
| | - Julio A. Camarero
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 9033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 9033, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Fernández-Bobey A, Pinto MEF, de Almeida LC, de Souza BM, Dias NB, de Paula-Souza J, Cilli EM, Lopes NP, Costa-Lotufo LV, Palma MS, da Silva Bolzani V. Cytotoxic Cyclotides from Anchietea pyrifolia, a South American Plant Species. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2127-2134. [PMID: 36044031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclotides are mini-proteins with potent bioactivities and outstanding potential for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. More than 450 different plant cyclotides have been isolated from six angiosperm families. In Brazil, studies involving this class of natural products are still scarce, despite its rich floristic diversity. Herein were investigated the cyclotides from Anchietea pyrifolia roots, a South American medicinal plant from the family Violaceae. Fourteen putative cyclotides were annotated by LC-MS. Among these, three new bracelet cyclotides, anpy A-C, and the known cycloviolacins O4 (cyO4) and O17 (cyO17) were sequenced through a combination of chemical and enzymatic reactions followed by MALDI-MS/MS analysis. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated by a cytotoxicity assay against three human cancer cell lines (colorectal carcinoma cells: HCT 116 and HCT 116 TP53-/- and breast adenocarcinoma, MCF 7). For all assays, the IC50 values of isolated compounds ranged between 0.8 and 7.3 μM. CyO17 was the most potent cyclotide for the colorectal cancer cell lines (IC50, 0.8 and 1.2 μM). Furthermore, the hemolytic activity of anpy A and B, cyO4, and cyO17 was assessed, and the cycloviolacins were the least hemolytic (HD50 > 156 μM). This work sheds light on the cytotoxic effects of the anpy cyclotides against cancer cells. Moreover, this study expands the number of cyclotides obtained to date from Brazilian plant biodiversity and adds one more genus containing these molecules to the list of the Violaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernández-Bobey
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis, and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Zoochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meri Emili Ferreira Pinto
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis, and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Costa de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Monson de Souza
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Zoochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Baptista Dias
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), University of The Frontier (UFRO), 4881-176, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juliana de Paula-Souza
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-535, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis, and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Nucleus Research in Natural and Synthetic Products (NPPNS), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Veras Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Zoochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis, and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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17
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The nature inspired peptide [T20K]-kalata B1 induces anti-tumor effects in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Miniproteins in medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 71:128806. [PMID: 35660515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Miniproteins exhibit great potential as scaffolds for drug candidates because of their well-defined structure and good synthetic availability. Because of recently described methodologies for their de novo design, the field of miniproteins is emerging and can provide molecules that effectively bind to problematic targets, i.e., those that have been previously considered to be undruggable. This review describes methodologies for the development of miniprotein scaffolds and for the construction of biologically active miniproteins.
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19
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Falanga CM, Steinborn C, Muratspahić E, Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Winker M, Krenn L, Huber R, Gruber CW, Gründemann C. Ipecac root extracts and isolated circular peptides differentially suppress inflammatory immune response characterised by proliferation, activation and degranulation capacity of human lymphocytes in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113120. [PMID: 35653889 PMCID: PMC7614192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular peptides are attractive lead compounds for drug development; this study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of defined root powder extracts and isolated peptides (called cyclotides) from Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson ('ipecac'). Changes in the viability, proliferation and function of activated human primary T cells were analysed using flow cytometry-based assays. Three distinct peptide-enriched extracts of pulverised ipecac root material were prepared via C18 solid-phase extraction and analysed by reversed-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry. These extracts induced caspase 3/7 dependent apoptosis, thus leading to a suppressed proliferation of activated T cells and a reduction of the number of cells in the G2 phase. Furthermore, the stimulated T cells had a lower activation potential and a reduced degranulation capacity after treatment with ipecac extracts. Six different cyclotides were isolated from C. ipecacuanha and an T cell proliferation inhibiting effect was determined. Furthermore, the degranulation capacity of the T cells was diminished specifically by some cyclotides. In contrast to kalata B1 and its analog T20K, secretion of IL-2 and IFN- γ was not affected by any of the caripe cyclotides. The findings add to our increased understanding of the immunomodulating effects of cyclotides, and may provide a basis for the use of ipecac extracts for immunomodulation in conditions associated with an exessive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Madlen Falanga
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Steinborn
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edin Muratspahić
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy Marisa Zimmermann-Klemd
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Winker
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Dalefield ML, Scouller B, Bibi R, Kivell BM. The Kappa Opioid Receptor: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Multiple Pathologies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837671. [PMID: 35795569 PMCID: PMC9251383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system, where they modulate a range of physiological processes depending on their location, including stress, mood, reward, pain, inflammation, and remyelination. However, clinical use of KOR agonists is limited by adverse effects such as dysphoria, aversion, and sedation. Within the drug-development field KOR agonists have been extensively investigated for the treatment of many centrally mediated nociceptive disorders including pruritis and pain. KOR agonists are potential alternatives to mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists for the treatment of pain due to their anti-nociceptive effects, lack of abuse potential, and reduced respiratory depressive effects, however, dysphoric side-effects have limited their widespread clinical use. Other diseases for which KOR agonists hold promising therapeutic potential include pruritis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, cancer, and ischemia. This review highlights recent drug-development efforts targeting KOR, including the development of G-protein-biased ligands, mixed opioid agonists, and peripherally restricted ligands to reduce side-effects. We also highlight the current KOR agonists that are in preclinical development or undergoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bronwyn M. Kivell
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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21
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Sadeghi Hassanabadi N, Broux B, Marinović S, Gotthardt D. Innate Lymphoid Cells - Neglected Players in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909275. [PMID: 35784374 PMCID: PMC9247827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly debilitating autoimmune disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Although classically viewed as T-cell mediated disease, the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) such as natural killer (NK) cells and ILC 1-3s has become a focal point as several findings implicate them in the disease pathology. The role of ILCs in MS is still not completely understood as controversial findings have been reported assigning them either a protective or disease-accelerating role. Recent findings in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) suggest that ILCs infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS), mediate inflammation, and have a disease exacerbating role by influencing the recruitment of autoreactive T-cells. Elucidating the detailed role of ILCs and altered signaling pathways in MS is essential for a more complete picture of the disease pathology and novel therapeutic targets. We here review the current knowledge about ILCs in the development and progression of MS and preclinical models of MS and discuss their potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bieke Broux
- University MSCenter; Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sonja Marinović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dagmar Gotthardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Dagmar Gotthardt,
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22
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Dayani L, Dinani MS, Aliomrani M, Hashempour H, Varshosaz J, Taheri A. Immunomodulatory effects of cyclotides isolated from Viola odorata in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 64:103958. [PMID: 35716476 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that causes chronic inflammation. Cyclotides are small plant proteins with a wide range of biological activity, making them a target for researchers to investigate. This study was conducted to investigate the possible effects of cyclotide-rich fractions from Viola odorata as an immunomodulatory agent in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. METHODS At room temperature, the plant materials were subjected to maceration in methanol: dichloromethane (1:1; v/v) for 3 days. The extraction was repeated 3 times, and the final concentrated extract was partitioned 3 times by 1/2 volume of double-distilled water. The aqueous phases were separated and freeze-dried. Finally, the crude extract was fractionated by C18 silicagel using vacuum liquid chromatography, with mobile phases of 30%, 50% and 80% of ethanol: water, respectively. The 50%, and 80% fractions were analyzed by HPLC and MALDI-TOF analysis and administrated intraperitoneally to forty-five female C57BL/6 EAE-induced mice, at 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg doses. After 28 days, the animals were evaluated using EAE clinical scoring which was done every 3 days, cytokine levels, and myelination level. RESULTS The results confirmed the presence of cyclotides in V. odorata based on their retention time and the composition of mobile phase in HPLC and the molecular weight of the peaks in MALDI-TOF analysis. It was observed that cyclotides, especially in the 80% fraction group at the dose of 50 mg/kg significantly reduced the clinical scores, inflammation, and demyelination in EAE mice compared with the normal saline group (P<0.05), and the results of this group were comparable with fingolimod (P>0.05). CONCLUSION It could be concluded that V. odorata is a rich source of cyclotides which they could be extracted by an easily available process and also, they could be used as immunomodulatory agents in MS, with similar effects to fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Dayani
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi Dinani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hashempour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azade Taheri
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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23
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Dang TT, Harvey PJ, Chan LY, Huang Y, Kaas Q, Craik DJ. Mutagenesis of cyclotide Cter 27 exemplifies a robust folding strategy for bracelet cyclotides. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tien T. Dang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland
- Institute of Applied Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ho Chi Minh City Australia
| | - Peta J. Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland
| | - Lai Yue Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland
| | - Yen‐Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland
| | - Quentin Kaas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland
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24
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Attah FA, Mbanu AE, Chukwudulue UM, Jonah UJ, Njinga NS. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and a new chemotaxonomic marker in Oldenlandia affinis (Roem. & Schult.) DC. Rubiaceae. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The proper documentation of ethnopharmacological application of widely used indigenous plants and their phytochemical analysis has positively impacted the drug discovery pipeline. Medicinal plants with potential commercial value and prospects for clinical application need to be properly identified and authenticated to avoid confusion, adulteration and substitution. Oldenlandia affinis (OA) has continued to attract scientific attention following the discovery of extremely stable cyclotides (circular peptides) that are not expressed in many investigated members of the contentious genus, Oldenlandia (synonym – Hedyotis); yet there is a lack of an elaborate review covering some broader aspects of its traditional uses, ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of the species. More importantly, the age long but lingering confusion and taxonomic inconsistencies common to the Oldenlandia–Hedyotis debate could foster species mismatching, increase cases of misidentification, promote adulteration of OA and thereby limit its proper clinical application. Here, we aim to reveal the extent of indigenous use of and research on OA from 1960 till date, unveil knowledge gaps, document hitherto unknown traditional applications, ethnopharmacological uses, pharmacological properties, and reported phytochemical profile. In addition, to encourage proper selection and utilization of genuine crude drug, the chemotaxonomically important phytoconstituents of OA have been presented and the modern approach of chemophenetic study of OA proposed to resolve the lack of consensus in the taxonomy of OA as well as the morphologically and anatomically close members of the taxon. The abundant cyclotide expression in OA represents a new chemotaxonomic marker for its unambiguous identification, utilization and reproducibility of research findings on the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Alfred Attah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Kwara State , Nigeria
| | - Augustine E. Mbanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ngaitad S. Njinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria
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25
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Lai Z, Yuan X, Chen H, Zhu Y, Dong N, Shan A. Strategies employed in the design of antimicrobial peptides with enhanced proteolytic stability. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107962. [PMID: 35452776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the alarming developing rate of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, the development and modification of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are unprecedentedly active. Despite the fact that considerable efforts have been expended on the discovery and design strategies of AMPs, the clinical translation of peptide antibiotics remains inadequate. A large number of articles and reviews credited the limited success of AMPs to their poor stability in the biological environment, particularly their poor proteolytic stability. In the past forty years, various design strategies have been used to improve the proteolytic stability of AMPs, such as sequence modification, cyclization, peptidomimetics, and nanotechnology. Herein, we focus our discussion on the progress made in improving the proteolytic stability of AMPs and the principle, successes, and limitations of various anti-proteolytic design strategies. It is of prospective significance to extend current insights into the degradation-related inactivation of AMPs and also alleviate/overcome the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenheng Lai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaojie Yuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yunhui Zhu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Na Dong
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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26
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Kremsmayr T, Aljnabi A, Blanco-Canosa JB, Tran HNT, Emidio NB, Muttenthaler M. On the Utility of Chemical Strategies to Improve Peptide Gut Stability. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6191-6206. [PMID: 35420805 PMCID: PMC9059125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inherent susceptibility
of peptides to enzymatic degradation in
the gastrointestinal tract is a key bottleneck in oral peptide drug
development. Here, we present a systematic analysis of (i) the gut
stability of disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds, orally administered
peptide therapeutics, and well-known neuropeptides and (ii) medicinal
chemistry strategies to improve peptide gut stability. Among a broad
range of studied peptides, cyclotides were the only scaffold class
to resist gastrointestinal degradation, even when grafted with non-native
sequences. Backbone cyclization, a frequently applied strategy, failed
to improve stability in intestinal fluid, but several site-specific
alterations proved efficient. This work furthermore highlights the
importance of standardized gut stability test conditions and suggests
defined protocols to facilitate cross-study comparison. Together,
our results provide a comparative overview and framework for the chemical
engineering of gut-stable peptides, which should be valuable for the
development of orally administered peptide therapeutics and molecular
probes targeting receptors within the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kremsmayr
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Aws Aljnabi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Juan B Blanco-Canosa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Hue N T Tran
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nayara Braga Emidio
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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27
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Micelle Morphology Phase Diagram in a Phospholipid, PEGylated Lipid, and Peptide Amphiphiles Ternary System. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Pavlicevic M, Marmiroli N, Maestri E. Immunomodulatory peptides-A promising source for novel functional food production and drug discovery. Peptides 2022; 148:170696. [PMID: 34856531 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory peptides are a complex class of bioactive peptides that encompasses substances with different mechanisms of action. Immunomodulatory peptides could also be used in vaccines as adjuvants which would be extremely desirable, especially in response to pandemics. Thus, immunomodulatory peptides in food of plant origin could be regarded both as valuable suplements of novel functional food preparation and/or as precursors or possible active ingredients for drugs design for treatment variety of conditions arising from impaired function of immune system. Given variety of mechanisms, different tests are required to assess effects of immunomodulatory peptides. Some of those effects show good correlation with in vivo results but others, less so. Certain plant peptides, such as defensins, show both immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effect, which makes them interesting candidates for preparation of functional food and feed, as well as templates for design of synthetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Pavlicevic
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, and Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Maestri
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, and Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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29
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Helesbeux JJ, Carro L, McCarthy FO, Moreira VM, Giuntini F, O’Boyle N, Matthews SE, Bayraktar G, Bertrand S, Rochais C, Marchand P. 29th Annual GP2A Medicinal Chemistry Conference. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121278. [PMID: 34959677 PMCID: PMC8708472 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 29th Annual GP2A (Group for the Promotion of Pharmaceutical chemistry in Academia) Conference was a virtual event this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and spanned three days from Wednesday 25 to Friday 27 August 2021. The meeting brought together an international delegation of researchers with interests in medicinal chemistry and interfacing disciplines. Abstracts of keynote lectures given by the 10 invited speakers, along with those of the 8 young researcher talks and the 50 flash presentation posters, are included in this report. Like previous editions, the conference was a real success, with high-level scientific discussions on cutting-edge advances in the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Carro
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Florence O. McCarthy
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, College Road, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Vânia M. Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Niamh O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Susan E. Matthews
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Gülşah Bayraktar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOmer, Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Christophe Rochais
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Normandie Univ., F-14032 Caen, France;
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed, Nantes Université, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-253-009-155
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30
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Gupta R, Kumari J, Pati S, Singh S, Mishra M, Ghosh SK. Interaction of cyclotide Kalata B1 protein with model cellular membranes of varied electrostatics. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:852-860. [PMID: 34592223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A uni-molecular layer of lipids at air-water interface mimicking one of the leaflets of the cellular membrane provides a simple model to understand the interaction of any foreign molecules with the membrane. Here, the interactions of protein Kalata B1 (KB1) of cyclotide family with the phospholipids 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) sodium salt (DPPG), and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine chloride salt (DSEPC) have been investigated. The addition of KB1 induces a change in pressure of the lipid monolayers. The characteristic time of the change in pressure is found to be dependent on the electrostatic nature of the lipid. Even though the protein is weakly surface active, it is capable of modifying the phase behavior and elastic properties of lipid monolayers with differences in their strength and nature making the layers more floppy. The KB1-lipid interaction has been quantified by calculating the excess Gibb's free energy of interaction and the 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) binding studies. The interaction with zwitterionic DPPC and negatively charged DPPG lipids are found to be thermodynamically favorable whereas the protein shows a weaker response to positively charged DSEPC lipid. Therefore, the long ranged electrostatic is the initial driving force for the KB1 to recognize and subsequently attach to a cellular membrane. Thereafter, the hydrophobic region of the protein may penetrate into the hydrophobic core of the membrane via specific amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Gupta
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Soumya Pati
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru university, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manasi Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
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31
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Hellinger R, Muratspahić E, Devi S, Koehbach J, Vasileva M, Harvey PJ, Craik DJ, Gründemann C, Gruber CW. Importance of the Cyclic Cystine Knot Structural Motif for Immunosuppressive Effects of Cyclotides. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2373-2386. [PMID: 34592097 PMCID: PMC9286316 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cyclotide T20K inhibits the proliferation of human immune cells and is currently in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis. Here, we provide novel functional data and mechanistic insights into structure-activity relationships of T20K. Analogs with partial or complete reduction of the cystine knot had loss of function in proliferation experiments. Similarly, an acyclic analog of T20K was inactive in lymphocyte bioassays. The lack of activity of non-native peptide analogs appears to be associated with the ability of cyclotides to interact with and penetrate cell membranes, since cellular uptake studies demonstrated fast fractional transfer only of the native peptide into the cytosol of human immune cells. Therefore, structural differences between cyclic and linear native folded peptides were investigated by NMR to elucidate structure-activity relationships. Acyclic T20K had a less rigid backbone and considerable structural changes in loops 1 and 6 compared to the native cyclic T20K, supporting the idea that the cyclic cystine knot motif is a unique bioactive scaffold. This study provides evidence that this structural motif in cyclotides governs bioactivity, interactions with and transport across biological membranes, and the structural integrity of these peptides. These observations could be useful to understand the structure-activity of other cystine knot proteins due to the structural conservation of the cystine knot motif across evolution and to provide guidance for the design of novel cyclic cysteine-stabilized molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hellinger
- Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Edin Muratspahić
- Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Seema Devi
- Institute
for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Center for Complementary
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115B, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Johannes Koehbach
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence
for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mina Vasileva
- Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Peta J. Harvey
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence
for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence
for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational
Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 80, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
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32
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Liu W, de Veer SJ, Huang YH, Sengoku T, Okada C, Ogata K, Zdenek CN, Fry BG, Swedberg JE, Passioura T, Craik DJ, Suga H. An Ultrapotent and Selective Cyclic Peptide Inhibitor of Human β-Factor XIIa in a Cyclotide Scaffold. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18481-18489. [PMID: 34723512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotides are plant-derived peptides with complex structures shaped by their head-to-tail cyclic backbone and cystine knot core. These structural features underpin the native bioactivities of cyclotides, as well as their beneficial properties as pharmaceutical leads, including high proteolytic stability and cell permeability. However, their inherent structural complexity presents a challenge for cyclotide engineering, particularly for accessing libraries of sufficient chemical diversity to design potent and selective cyclotide variants. Here, we report a strategy using mRNA display enabling us to select potent cyclotide-based FXIIa inhibitors from a library comprising more than 1012 members based on the cyclotide scaffold of Momordica cochinchinensis trypsin inhibitor-II (MCoTI-II). The most potent and selective inhibitor, cMCoFx1, has a pM inhibitory constant toward FXIIa with greater than three orders of magnitude selectivity over related serine proteases, realizing specific inhibition of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. The cocrystal structure of cMCoFx1 and FXIIa revealed interactions at several positions across the contact interface that conveyed high affinity binding, highlighting that such cyclotides are attractive cystine knot scaffolds for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Simon J de Veer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Toru Sengoku
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Chikako Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Christina N Zdenek
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bryan G Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Joakim E Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Toby Passioura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Chemistry and Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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33
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An Overview of Peptide-Based Molecules as Potential Drug Candidates for Multiple Sclerosis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175227. [PMID: 34500662 PMCID: PMC8434400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) belongs to demyelinating diseases, which are progressive and highly debilitating pathologies that imply a high burden both on individual patients and on society. Currently, several treatment strategies differ in the route of administration, adverse events, and possible risks. Side effects associated with multiple sclerosis medications range from mild symptoms, such as flu-like or irritation at the injection site, to serious ones, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other life-threatening events. Moreover, the agents so far available have proved incapable of fully preventing disease progression, mostly during the phases that consist of continuous, accumulating disability. Thus, new treatment strategies, able to halt or even reverse disease progression and specific for targeting solely the pathways that contribute to the disease pathogenesis, are highly desirable. Here, we provide an overview of the recent literature about peptide-based systems tested on experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) models. Since peptides are considered a unique therapeutic niche and important elements in the pharmaceutical landscape, they could open up new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of MS.
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34
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Muratspahić E, Tomašević N, Nasrollahi-Shirazi S, Gattringer J, Emser FS, Freissmuth M, Gruber CW. Plant-Derived Cyclotides Modulate κ-Opioid Receptor Signaling. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2238-2248. [PMID: 34308635 PMCID: PMC8406418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclotides are plant-derived disulfide-rich peptides comprising a cyclic cystine knot, which confers remarkable stability against thermal, proteolytic, and chemical degradation. They represent an emerging class of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands. In this study, utilizing a screening approach of plant extracts and pharmacological analysis we identified cyclotides from Carapichea ipecacuanha to be ligands of the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), an attractive target for developing analgesics with reduced side effects and therapeutics for multiple sclerosis (MS). This prompted us to verify whether [T20K]kalata B1, a cyclotide in clinical development for the treatment of MS, is able to modulate KOR signaling. T20K bound to and fully activated KOR in the low μM range. We then explored the ability of T20K to allosterically modulate KOR. Co-incubation of T20K with KOR ligands resulted in positive allosteric modulation in functional cAMP assays by altering either the efficacy of dynorphin A1-13 or the potency and efficacy of U50,488 (a selective KOR agonist), respectively. In addition, T20K increased the basal response upon cotreatment with U50,488. In the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assay T20K negatively modulated the efficacy of U50,488. This study identifies cyclotides capable of modulating KOR and highlights the potential of plant-derived peptides as an opportunity to develop cyclotide-based KOR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin Muratspahić
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataša Tomašević
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrooz Nasrollahi-Shirazi
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Gaston
H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical
University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Gattringer
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabiola Susanna Emser
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Gaston
H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical
University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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35
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Plant derived cyclic peptides. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1279-1285. [PMID: 34156400 PMCID: PMC8286818 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are widespread throughout the plant kingdom, and display diverse sequences, structures and bioactivities. The potential applications attributed to these peptides and their unusual biosynthesis has captivated the attention of researchers for many years. Several gene sequences for plant cyclic peptides have been discovered over the last two decades but it is only recently that we are beginning to understand the intricacies associated with their biosynthesis. Recent studies have focussed on three main classes of plant derived cyclic peptides, namely orbitides, SFTI related peptides and cyclotides. In this mini-review, we discuss the expansion of the known sequence and structural diversity in these families, insights into the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis, the exciting applications which includes a cyclotide currently in clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, and new production methods that are being developed to realise the potential of plant cyclic peptides as pharmaceutical or agricultural agents.
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36
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Kalmankar NV, Hari H, Sowdhamini R, Venkatesan R. Disulfide-Rich Cyclic Peptides from Clitoria ternatea Protect against β-Amyloid Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7422-7433. [PMID: 34048659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxic aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an associated process. In the present study, we report the neuroprotective effects of disulfide-rich, circular peptides from Clitoria ternatea (C. ternatea) (butterfly pea) on Aβ-induced toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. Cyclotides (∼30 amino acids long) are a special class of cyclic cysteine knot peptides. We show that cyclotide-rich fractions from different plant tissues delay Aβ-induced paralysis in the transgenic CL4176 strain expressing the human muscle-specific Aβ1-42 gene. They also improved Aβ-induced chemotaxis defects in CL2355 strain expressing Aβ1-42 in the neuronal cells. ROS assay suggests that this protection is likely mediated by the inhibition of Aβ oligomerization. Furthermore, Aβ deposits were reduced in the CL2006 strain treated with the fractions. The study shows that cyclotides from C. ternatea could be a source of a novel pharmacophore scaffold against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha V Kalmankar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India.,The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), #74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Post Attur, via Yelahanka, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Hrudya Hari
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Ramanathan Sowdhamini
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Radhika Venkatesan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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37
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Shimizu K, Agata K, Takasugi S, Goto S, Narita Y, Asai T, Magata Y, Oku N. New strategy for MS treatment with autoantigen-modified liposomes and their therapeutic effect. J Control Release 2021; 335:389-397. [PMID: 34033858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As current treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) remain chemotherapeutic ones directed toward symptoms, the development of a curative treatment is urgently required. Herein, we show an autoreactive immune cell-targetable approach using autoantigen-modified liposomes for the curative treatment of MS. In these experiments, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by autoantigenic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide was used as a model of primary progressive MS, and MOG-modified liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin (MOG-LipDOX) were used as a therapeutic drug. The results showed that the progression of encephalomyelitis symptoms was significantly suppressed by MOG-LipDOX injection, whereas the other samples failed to show any effect. Additionally, invasion of inflammatory immune cells into the spinal cord and demyelination of neurons were clearly suppressed in the MOG-LipDOX-treated mice. FACS analysis revealed that the number of both MOG-recognizable CD4+ T cells in the spleen was obviously decreased after MOG-LipDOX treatment. Furthermore, the number of effector Th17 cells in the spleen was significantly decreased and that of regulatory Treg cells was concomitantly increased. Finally, we demonstrated that myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)-modified liposomes encapsulating DOX (PLP-LipDOX) also showed the therapeutic effect on relapsing-remitting EAE. These findings indicate that autoantigen-modified liposomal drug produced a highly therapeutic effect on EAE by delivering the encapsulated drug to autoantigen-recognizable CD4+ T cells and thus suppressing autoreactive immune responses. The present study suggests that the use of these autoantigen-modified liposomes promises to be a suitable therapeutic approach for the cure of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Agata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shohei Takasugi
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shungo Goto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yudai Narita
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Magata
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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38
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Dang TT, Chan LY, Tombling BJ, Harvey PJ, Gilding EK, Craik DJ. In Planta Discovery and Chemical Synthesis of Bracelet Cystine Knot Peptides from Rinorea bengalensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:395-407. [PMID: 33570395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyclotides are plant-derived peptides that have attracted interest as biocides and scaffolds for the development of stable peptide therapeutics. Cyclotides are characterized by their cyclic backbone and cystine knot framework, which engenders them with remarkably high stability. This study reports the cystine knot-related peptidome of Rinorea bengalensis, a small rainforest tree in the Violaceae family that is distributed from Australia westward to India. Surprisingly, many more acyclic knotted peptides (acyclotides) were discovered than cyclic counterparts (cyclotides), with 32 acyclotides and 1 cyclotide sequenced using combined transcriptome and proteomic analyses. Nine acyclotides were isolated and screened against a panel of mammalian cell lines, showing they had the cytotoxic properties normally associated with cyclotide-like peptides. NMR analysis of the acyclotide ribes 21 and 22 and the cyclotide ribe 33 confirmed that these peptides contained the cystine knot structural motif. The bracelet-subfamily cyclotide ribe 33 was amenable to chemical synthesis in reasonable yield, an achievement that has long eluded previous attempts to synthetically produce bracelet cyclotides. Accordingly, ribe 33 represents an exciting new bracelet cyclotide scaffold that can be subject to chemical modification for future molecular engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien T Dang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lai Y Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Tombling
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peta J Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Edward K Gilding
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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39
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Zhang J, Yuan J, Li Z, Fu C, Xu M, Yang J, Jiang X, Zhou B, Ye X, Xu C. Exploring and exploiting plant cyclic peptides for drug discovery and development. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:3096-3117. [PMID: 33599316 DOI: 10.1002/med.21792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of insulin, natural peptides have become an important resource for therapeutic development. Decades of research has led to the discovery of a long list of peptide drugs with broad applications in clinics, from antibiotics to hypertension treatment to pain management. Many of these US FDA-approved peptide drugs are derived from microorganisms and animals. By contrast, the great potential of plant cyclic peptides as therapeutics remains largely unexplored. These macrocyclic peptides typically have rigid structures, good bioavailability and membrane permeability, making them appealing candidates for drug development and engineering. In this review, we introduce the three major classes of plant cyclic peptides and summarize their potential medical applications. We discuss how we can leverage the genome information of many different plants to quickly search for new cyclic peptides and how we can take advantage of the insights gained from their biosynthetic pathways to transform the process of production and drug development. These recent developments have provided a new angle for exploring and exploiting plant cyclic peptides, and we believe that many more peptide drugs derived from plants are about to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jimin Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunjin Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglong Xu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiufeng Ye
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Urolithin A ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor. EBioMedicine 2021; 64:103227. [PMID: 33530002 PMCID: PMC7851346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urolithin A (URA) is an intestinal microbiota metabolic product from ellagitannin-containing foods with multiple biological activities. However, its role in autoimmune diseases is largely unknown. Here, for first time, we demonstrate the therapeutic effect of URA in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model. Methods Therapeutic effect was evaluated via an active and passive EAE animal model in vivo. The function of URA on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs), T cells, and microglia were tested in vitro. Findings Oral URA (25 mg/kg/d) suppressed disease progression at prevention, induction, and effector phases of preclinical EAE. Histological evaluation showed that significantly fewer inflammatory cells, decreased demyelination, lower numbers of M1-type microglia and activated DCs, as well as reduced infiltrating Th1/Th17 cells were present in the central nervous system (CNS) of the URA-treated group. URA treatment at 25 μM inhibited the activation of BM-DCs in vitro, restrained Th17 cell differentiation in T cell polarization conditions, and in a DC-CD4+ T cell co-culture system. Moreover, we confirmed URA inhibited pathogenicity of Th17 cells in adoptive EAE. Mechanism of URA action was directly targeting Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and modulating the signaling pathways. Interpretation Collectively, our study offers new evidence that URA, as a human microbial metabolite, is valuable to use as a prospective therapeutic candidate for autoimmune diseases.
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41
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Pinto MEF, Chan LY, Koehbach J, Devi S, Gründemann C, Gruber CW, Gomes M, Bolzani VS, Cilli EM, Craik DJ. Cyclotides from Brazilian Palicourea sessilis and Their Effects on Human Lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:81-90. [PMID: 33397096 PMCID: PMC7836058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclotides are plant-derived peptides found within five families of flowering plants (Violaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Poaceae) that have a cyclic backbone and six conserved cysteine residues linked by disulfide bonds. Their presence within the Violaceae species seems ubiquitous, yet not all members of other families produce these macrocyclic peptides. The genus Palicourea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) contains hundreds of neotropical species of shrubs and small trees; however, only a few cyclotides have been discovered hitherto. Herein, five previously uncharacterized Möbius cyclotides within Palicourea sessilis and their pharmacological activities are described. Cyclotides were isolated from leaves and stems of this plant and identified as pase A-E, as well as the known peptide kalata S. Cyclotides were de novo sequenced by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, and their structures were solved by NMR spectroscopy. Because some cyclotides have been reported to modulate immune cells, pase A-D were assayed for cell proliferation of human primary activated T lymphocytes, and the results showed a dose-dependent antiproliferative function. The toxicity on other nonimmune cells was also assessed. This study reveals that pase cyclotides have potential for applications as immunosuppressants and in immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Emili F. Pinto
- Institute
of Chemistry, São Paulo State University−UNESP, Araraquara, 14800-060 SP, Brazil
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence
for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Lai Yue Chan
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence
for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Johannes Koehbach
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence
for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Seema Devi
- Institute
for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Center for Complementary
Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79111 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational
Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical
University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Gomes
- Rio
de Janeiro
Botanic Garden Research Institute−JBRJ, Rio de Janeiro, 22470-180 RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan S. Bolzani
- Institute
of Chemistry, São Paulo State University−UNESP, Araraquara, 14800-060 SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Institute
of Chemistry, São Paulo State University−UNESP, Araraquara, 14800-060 SP, Brazil
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence
for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
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42
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Jackson MA, Nguyen LT, Gilding EK, Durek T, Craik DJ. Make it or break it: Plant AEPs on stage in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Although the majority of proteins used for biomedical research are produced using living systems such as bacteria, biological means for producing proteins can be advantageously complemented by protein semisynthesis or total chemical synthesis. The latter approach is particularly useful when the proteins to be produced are toxic for the expression system or show unusual features that cannot be easily programmed in living organisms. The aim of this review is to provide a wide overview of the use of chemical protein synthesis in medicinal chemistry with a special focus on the production of post-translationally modified proteins and backbone cyclized proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centrale Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1223 Taza gare, Morocco
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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44
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Retzl B, Hellinger R, Muratspahić E, Pinto MEF, Bolzani VS, Gruber CW. Discovery of a Beetroot Protease Inhibitor to Identify and Classify Plant-Derived Cystine Knot Peptides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3305-3314. [PMID: 33118348 PMCID: PMC7705960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant peptide protease inhibitors are important molecules in seed storage metabolism and to fight insect pests. Commonly they contain multiple disulfide bonds and are exceptionally stable molecules. In this study, a novel peptide protease inhibitor from beetroot (Beta vulgaris) termed bevuTI-I was isolated, and its primary structure was determined via mass spectrometry-based amino acid sequencing. By sequence homology analysis a few peptides with high similarity to bevuTI-I, also known as the Mirabilis jalapa trypsin inhibitor subfamily of knottin-type protease inhibitors, were discovered. Hence, we assessed bevuTI-I for inhibitory activity toward trypsin (IC50 = 471 nM) and human prolyl oligopeptidase (IC50 = 11 μM), which is an emerging drug target for neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders. Interestingly, using a customized bioinformatics approach, bevuTI-I was found to be the missing link to annotate 243 novel sequences of M. jalapa trypsin inhibitor-like peptides. According to their phylogenetic distribution they appear to be common in several plant families. Therefore, the presented approach and our results may help to discover and classify other plant-derived cystine knot peptides, a class of plant molecules that play important functions in plant physiology and are currently being explored as lead molecules and scaffolds in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Retzl
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical
University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Hellinger
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical
University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edin Muratspahić
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical
University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Meri E. F. Pinto
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical
University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute
of Chemistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan S. Bolzani
- Institute
of Chemistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical
University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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45
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González-Castro R, Gómez-Lim MA, Plisson F. Cysteine-Rich Peptides: Hyperstable Scaffolds for Protein Engineering. Chembiochem 2020; 22:961-973. [PMID: 33095969 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) are small proteins of less than 100 amino acids in length characterized by the presence of disulfide bridges and common end-to-end macrocyclization. These properties confer hyperstability against high temperatures, salt concentration, serum presence, and protease degradation to CRPs. Moreover, their intercysteine domains (loops) are susceptible to residue hypervariability. CRPs have been successfully applied as stable scaffolds for molecular grafting, a protein engineering process in which cysteine-rich structures provide higher thermodynamic and metabolic stability to an epitope and acquire new biological function(s). This review describes the successes and limitations of seven cysteine-rich scaffolds, their bioactive epitopes, and the resulting grafted peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael González-Castro
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México.,Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México
| | - Miguel A Gómez-Lim
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México
| | - Fabien Plisson
- CONACYT, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México
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46
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Komesli Y, Yildirim Y, Karasulu E. Visualisation of real-time oral biodistribution of fluorescent labeled self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of olmesartan medoxomil using optical imaging method. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 36:100365. [PMID: 33191089 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the biodistribution of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of hydrophobic olmesartan medoxomil (OM-SMEDDS) was determined by labeling with a fluorescent dye VivoTag®680 XL and Xenolight® DiR. Labeled OM-SMEDDS and control dye solution administered orally to mice; real-time dynamic biodistributions over 7 h were determined by 2D-fluorescent imaging to verify their anatomic location. Fluorescent Emissions by Vivotag 680® XL and Xenolight® DiR labeled OM-SMEDDS emitted 2 to 24 times stronger emission than control dye administered group. To further confirm the results, organs were removed and examined using the same technique at the end of 7 h. VivoTag®680XL and Xenolight® DiR emitted 4 and 1.7 times stronger emission respectively than control dye administered mice in ex-vivo organ imaging studies. This study showed that OM-SMEDDS can be succesfully labeled with fluorescent dye and tracked with optical imaging method for the visualisation of biodistribution of drugs and is also useful for enhanced bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelda Komesli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yeliz Yildirim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ercument Karasulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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47
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Slazak B, Haugmo T, Badyra B, Göransson U. The life cycle of cyclotides: biosynthesis and turnover in plant cells. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1359-1367. [PMID: 32719893 PMCID: PMC7497429 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Turnover rates have implications for understanding cyclotide biology and improving plant cell culture-based production systems. Cyclotides are a family of polypeptides recognized for a broad spectrum of bioactivities. The cyclic, cystine knot structural motif imparts these peptides with resistance to temperature, chemicals and proteolysis. Cyclotides are found widely distributed across the Violaceae and in five other plant families, where their presumed biological role is host defense. Violets produce mixtures of different cyclotides that vary depending on the organ, tissue or influence of environmental factors. In the present study, we investigated the biosynthesis and turnover of cyclotides in plant cells. Viola uliginosa suspension cultures were grown in media where all nitrogen containing salts were replaced with their 15N counterparts. This approach combined with LC-MS analysis allowed to separately observe the production of 15N-labelled peptides and decomposition of 14N cyclotides present in the cells when switching the media. Additionally, we investigated changes in cyclotide content in V. odorata germinating seeds. In the suspension cultures, the degradation rates varied for individual cyclotides and the highest was noted for cyO13. Rapid increase in production of 15N peptides was observed until day 19 and subsequently, a plateau of production, indicating an equilibrium between biosynthesis and turnover. The developing seedling appeared to consume cyclotides present in the seed endosperm. We show that degradation processes shape the cyclotide pattern present in different tissues and environments. The results indicate that individual cyclotides play different roles-some in defense and others as storage proteins. The turnover of cyclotides should be accounted to improve cell culture production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Slazak
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 46 Lubicz St., 31-512, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Tobias Haugmo
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bogna Badyra
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 46 Lubicz St., 31-512, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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48
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Muratspahić E, Koehbach J, Gruber CW, Craik DJ. Harnessing cyclotides to design and develop novel peptide GPCR ligands. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:177-191. [PMID: 34458757 PMCID: PMC8341132 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclotides are plant-derived cyclic, disulfide-rich peptides with a unique cyclic cystine knot topology that confers them with remarkable structural stability and resistance to proteolytic degradation. Recently, cyclotides have emerged as promising scaffold molecules for designing peptide-based therapeutics. Here, we provide examples of how engineering cyclotides using molecular grafting may lead to the development of novel peptide ligands of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), today's most exploited drug targets. Integrating bioactive epitopes into stable cyclotide scaffolds can lead to improved pharmacokinetics and oral activity as well as selectivity and high enzymatic stability. We also discuss and highlight the importance of engineered cyclotides as novel tools to study GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin Muratspahić
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Johannes Koehbach
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna Austria
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
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49
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Shahin-Kaleybar B, Niazi A, Afsharifar A, Nematzadeh G, Yousefi R, Retzl B, Hellinger R, Muratspahić E, Gruber CW. Isolation of Cysteine-Rich Peptides from Citrullus colocynthis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1326. [PMID: 32948080 PMCID: PMC7565491 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Citrullus colocynthis, a member of the squash (Cucurbitaceae) family, has a long history in traditional medicine. Based on the ancient knowledge about the healing properties of herbal preparations, plant-derived small molecules, e.g., salicylic acid, or quinine, have been integral to modern drug discovery. Additionally, many plant families, such as Cucurbitaceae, are known as a rich source for cysteine-rich peptides, which are gaining importance as valuable pharmaceuticals. In this study, we characterized the C. colocynthis peptidome using chemical modification of cysteine residues, and mass shift analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. We identified the presence of at least 23 cysteine-rich peptides in this plant, and eight novel peptides, named citcol-1 to -8, with a molecular weight between ~3650 and 4160 Da, were purified using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their amino acid sequences were determined by de novo assignment of b- and y-ion series of proteolytic peptide fragments. In silico analysis of citcol peptides revealed a high sequence similarity to trypsin inhibitor peptides from Cucumis sativus, Momordica cochinchinensis, Momordica macrophylla and Momordica sphaeroidea. Using genome/transcriptome mining it was possible to identify precursor sequences of this peptide family in related Cucurbitaceae species that cluster into trypsin inhibitor and antimicrobial peptides. Based on our analysis, the presence or absence of a crucial Arg/Lys residue at the putative P1 position may be used to classify these common cysteine-rich peptides by functional properties. Despite sequence homology and the common classification into the inhibitor cysteine knot family, these peptides appear to have diverse and additional bioactivities yet to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shahin-Kaleybar
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.-K.); (B.R.); (R.H.); (E.M.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran;
| | - Ali Niazi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran;
| | - Alireza Afsharifar
- Department of Plant Protection, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran;
| | | | - Reza Yousefi
- Department of Biology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684795, Iran;
| | - Bernhard Retzl
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.-K.); (B.R.); (R.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Roland Hellinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.-K.); (B.R.); (R.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Edin Muratspahić
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.-K.); (B.R.); (R.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.-K.); (B.R.); (R.H.); (E.M.)
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50
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Shinbara K, Liu W, van Neer RHP, Katoh T, Suga H. Methodologies for Backbone Macrocyclic Peptide Synthesis Compatible With Screening Technologies. Front Chem 2020; 8:447. [PMID: 32626683 PMCID: PMC7314982 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Backbone macrocyclic structures are often found in diverse bioactive peptides and contribute to greater conformational rigidity, peptidase resistance, and potential membrane permeability compared to their linear counterparts. Therefore, such peptide scaffolds are an attractive platform for drug-discovery endeavors. Recent advances in synthetic methods for backbone macrocyclic peptides have enabled the discovery of novel peptide drug candidates against diverse targets. Here, we overview recent technical advancements in the synthetic methods including 1) enzymatic synthesis, 2) chemical synthesis, 3) split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins (SICLOPPS), and 4) in vitro translation system combined with genetic code reprogramming. We also discuss screening methodologies compatible with those synthetic methodologies, such as one-beads one-compound (OBOC) screening compatible with the synthetic method 2, cell-based assay compatible with 3, limiting-dilution PCR and mRNA display compatible with 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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