1
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Cai Q, Sahu R, Ueberschlag-Pitiot V, Souali-Crespo S, Charvet C, Silem I, Cottard F, Ye T, Taleb F, Metzger E, Schuele R, Billas IML, Laverny G, Metzger D, Duteil D. LSD1 inhibition circumvents glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting of male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3563. [PMID: 38670969 PMCID: PMC11053113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GC), such as dexamethasone, are extensively used to treat chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders. However, long-term treatments are limited by various side effects, including muscle atrophy. GC activities are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), that regulates target gene expression in various tissues in association with cell-specific co-regulators. Here we show that GR and the lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) interact in myofibers of male mice, and that LSD1 connects GR-bound enhancers with NRF1-associated promoters to stimulate target gene expression. In addition, we unravel that LSD1 demethylase activity is required for triggering starvation- and dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle proteolysis in collaboration with GR. Importantly, inhibition of LSD1 circumvents muscle wasting induced by pharmacological levels of dexamethasone, without affecting their anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the muscle-specific GC activities, and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting GR co-regulators to limit corticotherapy-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshuang Cai
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Rajesh Sahu
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Sirine Souali-Crespo
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Céline Charvet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Ilyes Silem
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Félicie Cottard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Tao Ye
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Fatima Taleb
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Eric Metzger
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Schuele
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle M L Billas
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Gilles Laverny
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Delphine Duteil
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France.
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2
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Mao L, Wei W, Chen J. Biased regulation of glucocorticoid receptors signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115145. [PMID: 37454592 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), steroid hormones that depend on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding for their action, are essential for regulating numerous homeostatic functions in the body.GR signals are biased, that is, GR signals are various in different tissue cells, disease states and ligands. This biased regulation of GR signaling appears to depend on ligand-induced metameric regulation, protein post-translational modifications, assembly at response elements, context-specific assembly (recruitment of co-regulators) and intercellular differences. Based on the bias regulation of GR, selective GR agonists and modulators (SEGRAMs) were developed to bias therapeutic outcomes toward expected outcomes (e.g., anti-inflammation and immunoregulation) by influencing GR-mediated gene expression. This paper provides a review of the bias regulation and mechanism of GR and the research progress of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Mao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of Education Ministry, Anhui Cooperative Innovation Center for Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of Education Ministry, Anhui Cooperative Innovation Center for Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of Education Ministry, Anhui Cooperative Innovation Center for Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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3
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Guo B, Huang X, Chen Y, Broxmeyer HE. Ex Vivo Expansion and Homing of Human Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:85-104. [PMID: 38228960 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has been proven to be an alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for clinical transplantation and has multiple advantages, including but not limited to greater HLA compatibility, lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), higher survival rates and lower relapse rates among patients with minimal residual disease. However, the limited number of HSCs in a single CB unit limits the wider use of CB in clinical treatment. Many efforts have been made to enhance the efficacy of CB HSC transplantation, particularly by ex vivo expansion or enhancing the homing efficiency of HSCs. In this chapter, we will document the major advances regarding human HSC ex vivo expansion and homing and will also discuss the possibility of clinical translation of such laboratory work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yandan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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4
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Wang Y, Gao J, Yu Y, Zhou L, Wang M, Xue W, Liu B, Wu X, Wu X, Gao H, Shen Y, Xu Q. A plant-derived glucocorticoid receptor modulator with potency to attenuate the side effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:194-213. [PMID: 36165414 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Continuous efforts have been made to move towards maintaining the beneficial anti-inflammatory functions of glucocorticoids (GCs) while minimizing side effects. Here, we investigated the selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulator-like properties of a plant-derived compound caesaldekarin e (CA-e). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The therapeutic efficacy of CA-e was evaluated in several mouse models, including dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, ovalbumin-induced lung allergic inflammation, imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation and skin atrophy. The action of CA-e targeting the GR was analysed using molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assays and microscale thermophoresis. Other methods included DNA-protein pull-down assays and mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS CA-e selectively inhibited positive GC response element ((+) GRE)-mediated direct transactivation while maintaining and even enhancing the anti-inflammatory effects of treatment with dexamethasone. CA-e, alone and in combination with dexamethasone, efficiently alleviated inflammation in several mouse models with milder side effects compared with dexamethasone alone. Mechanistically, CA-e inhibited the formation of dimers by binding to the dimerization interface located in the ligand-binding domain of GR and facilitated embryonic ectoderm development that is involved in the regulation of transcriptional repression to compete for binding to (+) GRE, eventually leading to the repression of (+) GRE-regulated genes. In addition, CA-e repressed NF-κB-dependent genes by enhancing the interaction between GR and p65. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results reveal that CA-e is a novel GR modulator with strong potency to attenuate the side effects of GC therapy and can be used as a potential molecular tool for deciphering GR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Greenhalgh DG, Green TL, Lim D, Cho K. BACTERIAL PATHOGEN-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS UPREGULATE HUMAN GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS. Shock 2022; 58:393-399. [PMID: 36156050 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT It is well known that bacterial components (pathogen-associated molecular patterns [PAMPs]) induce a proinflammatory response through pattern recognition receptor signaling. What is not known, however, is how the inflammatory response is downregulated. We hypothesize that bacterial products initiate compensatory anti-inflammatory responses by inducing expression of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from leukocytes concentrated from single human donors (Leukopaks). PBMCs were treated with a gram-negative bacterial component, LPS, or gram-positive bacterial components, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or peptidoglycan (PGN), for 1, 3, or 13 h. Protein expression of hGR was evaluated by Western blot analysis. RNA was extracted from similarly treated cells for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of hGR and cytokine expression. At 13 h after LPS treatment, there was an increase in the reference hGR protein (hGRα) expressed within some but not all PBMCs isolated from Leukopaks. There was also a dose-dependent increase in hGRα expression with increasing concentrations of PGN (10 and 50 μg/mL). LTA, however, did not affect hGRα expression. PGN also increased the mRNA expression of an hGR splice variant, hGR-B(54). The mRNA expression changes for the inflammatory cytokines were Leukopak specific. We found that cell wall components of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can increase the expression of hGRα. Although these PAMPs augment the inflammatory response, it seems that there is a simultaneous upregulation of hGRα expression. Because binding of cortisol to hGRα typically induces anti-inflammatory proteins, the same PAMPs that induce an inflammatory response seem to also initiate a negative feedback system by inducing hGRα expression in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tajia L Green
- Shriners Children's Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Debora Lim
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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6
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Lim J, Lin EV, Hong JY, Vaidyanathan B, Erickson SA, Annicelli C, Medzhitov R. Induction of natural IgE by glucocorticoids. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213459. [PMID: 36098746 PMCID: PMC9475297 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE mediates allergic responses by coating mast cell or basophil surfaces and inducing degranulation upon binding a specific allergen. IgE can also be spontaneously produced in the absence of foreign allergens; yet the origin, regulation, and functions of such "natural" IgE still remain largely unknown. Here, we find that glucocorticoids enhance the production of IgE in B cells both in vivo and ex vivo without antigenic challenge. Such IgE production is promoted by B cell-intrinsic glucocorticoid receptor signaling that reinforces CD40 signaling and synergizes with the IL-4/STAT6 pathway. In addition, we found that rare B cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes are responsible for the production of glucocorticoid-inducible IgE. Furthermore, locally produced glucocorticoids in the gut may induce natural IgE during perturbations of gut homeostasis, such as dysbiosis. Notably, mice preemptively treated with glucocorticoids were protected from subsequent pathogenic anaphylaxis. Together, our results suggest that glucocorticoids, classically considered to be broadly immunosuppressive, have a selective immunostimulatory role in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaechul Lim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Erica V. Lin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea,Jun Young Hong:
| | - Bharat Vaidyanathan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven A. Erickson
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Charles Annicelli
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Correspondence to Ruslan Medzhitov:
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7
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Abstract
ABSTRACT A potential cause of the variable response to injury and sepsis is the variability of a patient's human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) profile. To identify hGR variants, blood samples were collected on admission and biweekly thereafter from hospitalized patients who sustained at least a 20% total body surface area burn injury. A hyperactive G1376T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) isoform was identified. This SNP led to a single amino acid change of glutamine to valine at site 459, "G459V," in the DNA-binding domain. The isoform's activity was tested in a reporter assay after treatment with steroids, the hGR antagonist RU486 (mifepristone) alone, or RU486 followed by steroids. When treated with hydrocortisone, the hGR G459V isoform had a hyperactive response; its activity was over 30 times greater than the reference hGRα. Unexpectedly, G459V had significantly increased activity when treated with the hGR antagonist RU486. With the combination of both RU486 and hydrocortisone, G459V activity was repressed, but greater than that of RU486 alone. Finally, when hGRα was cotransfected with G459V to simulate isoform interaction, the activity was closer to that of the hGRα profile than the G459V isoform. The unique activity of the G459V isoform shows that some variants of hGR have the potential to alter a person's response to stress and steroid treatment and may be a factor as to why mitigating the clinical response to sepsis and other stressors has been so elusive.
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8
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Sarkar A, Harty S, Johnson KVA, Moeller AH, Carmody RN, Lehto SM, Erdman SE, Dunbar RIM, Burnet PWJ. The role of the microbiome in the neurobiology of social behaviour. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1131-1166. [PMID: 32383208 PMCID: PMC10040264 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbes colonise all multicellular life, and the gut microbiome has been shown to influence a range of host physiological and behavioural phenotypes. One of the most intriguing and least understood of these influences lies in the domain of the microbiome's interactions with host social behaviour, with new evidence revealing that the gut microbiome makes important contributions to animal sociality. However, little is known about the biological processes through which the microbiome might influence host social behaviour. Here, we synthesise evidence of the gut microbiome's interactions with various aspects of host sociality, including sociability, social cognition, social stress, and autism. We discuss evidence of microbial associations with the most likely physiological mediators of animal social interaction. These include the structure and function of regions of the 'social' brain (the amygdala, the prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus) and the regulation of 'social' signalling molecules (glucocorticoids including corticosterone and cortisol, sex hormones including testosterone, oestrogens, and progestogens, neuropeptide hormones such as oxytocin and arginine vasopressin, and monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine). We also discuss microbiome-associated host genetic and epigenetic processes relevant to social behaviour. We then review research on microbial interactions with olfaction in insects and mammals, which contribute to social signalling and communication. Following these discussions, we examine evidence of microbial associations with emotion and social behaviour in humans, focussing on psychobiotic studies, microbe-depression correlations, early human development, autism, and issues of statistical power, replication, and causality. We analyse how the putative physiological mediators of the microbiome-sociality connection may be investigated, and discuss issues relating to the interpretation of results. We also suggest that other candidate molecules should be studied, insofar as they exert effects on social behaviour and are known to interact with the microbiome. Finally, we consider different models of the sequence of microbial effects on host physiological development, and how these may contribute to host social behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Sarkar
- Trinity College, Trinity Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TQ, U.K.,Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, Fitzwilliam Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, U.K
| | - Siobhán Harty
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katerina V-A Johnson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, U.K.,Pembroke College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 1DW, U.K.,Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, U.K
| | - Andrew H Moeller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Corson Hall, Tower Road, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, U.S.A
| | - Rachel N Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Peabody Museum, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PL 590, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 6, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 16-825, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, U.S.A
| | - Robin I M Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, U.K
| | - Philip W J Burnet
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, U.K
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9
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Van Moortel L, Gevaert K, De Bosscher K. Improved Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligands: Fantastic Beasts, but How to Find Them? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:559673. [PMID: 33071974 PMCID: PMC7541956 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.559673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous glucocorticoids are widely used in the clinic for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and hematological cancers. Unfortunately, their use is associated with debilitating side effects, including hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, mood swings, and weight gain. Despite the continued efforts of pharma as well as academia, the search for so-called selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators (SEGRMs), compounds with strong anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties but a reduced number or level of side effects, has had limited success so far. Although monoclonal antibody therapies have been successfully introduced for the treatment of certain disorders (such as anti-TNF for rheumatoid arthritis), glucocorticoids remain the first-in-line option for many other chronic diseases including asthma, multiple sclerosis, and multiple myeloma. This perspective offers our opinion on why a continued search for SEGRMs remains highly relevant in an era where small molecules are sometimes unrightfully considered old-fashioned. Besides a discussion on which bottlenecks and pitfalls might have been overlooked in the past, we elaborate on potential solutions and recent developments that may push future research in the right direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Van Moortel
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research (TNRR) Laboratory, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research (TNRR) Laboratory, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Karolien De Bosscher
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10
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Huang X, Guo B, Capitano M, Broxmeyer HE. Past, present, and future efforts to enhance the efficacy of cord blood hematopoietic cell transplantation. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31723413 PMCID: PMC6823900 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20002.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has been used as a viable source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in over 35,000 clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) efforts to treat the same variety of malignant and non-malignant disorders treated by bone marrow (BM) and mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) using HLA-matched or partially HLA-disparate related or unrelated donor cells for adult and children recipients. This review documents the beginning of this clinical effort that started in the 1980’s, the pros and cons of CB HCT compared to BM and mPB HCT, and recent experimental and clinical efforts to enhance the efficacy of CB HCT. These efforts include means for increasing HSC numbers in single CB collections, expanding functional HSCs
ex vivo, and improving CB HSC homing and engraftment, all with the goal of clinical translation. Concluding remarks highlight the need for phase I/II clinical trials to test the experimental procedures that are described, either alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maegan Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
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11
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Hua G, Zein N, Daubeuf F, Chambon P. Glucocorticoid receptor modulators CpdX and CpdX-D3 exhibit the same in vivo antiinflammatory activities as synthetic glucocorticoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14191-14199. [PMID: 31227605 PMCID: PMC6628818 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908258116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the nonsteroidal compound CpdX, which was initially characterized 20 y ago as a possible gestagen and, shortly afterward, as a possible drug for treatments of inflammatory diseases, selectively triggers the NFκB/AP1-mediated tethered indirect transrepression function of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and could therefore be a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonistic modulator (SEGRAM). We now demonstrate that, upon administration to the mouse, CpdX and one of its deuterated derivatives, CpdX-D3, repress as efficiently as a synthetic glucocorticoid (e.g., Dexamethasone) an induced skin atopic dermatitis, an induced psoriasis-like inflammation, a house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma-like allergic lung inflammation, a collagen-induced arthritis, an induced ulcerative colitis, and an ovalbumin-induced allergic conjunctivitis. Interestingly, in the cases of an HDM-induced asthma-like allergic lung inflammation and of a collagen-induced arthritis, the CpdX antiinflammatory activity was selectively exerted by one of the two CpdX enantiomers, namely, CpdX(eA) or CpdX-D3(eA).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Asthma/drug therapy
- Asthma/genetics
- Asthma/pathology
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/drug therapy
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/genetics
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/pathology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/chemically induced
- Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glucocorticoids/genetics
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/pathology
- Mice
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- Ovalbumin/toxicity
- Progestins/chemistry
- Progestins/pharmacology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/agonists
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/chemistry
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/pathology
- Transcriptional Activation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Hua
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Naimah Zein
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - François Daubeuf
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7200, Faculté de Pharmacie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France;
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France
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12
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The glucocorticoid receptor agonistic modulators CpdX and CpdX-D3 do not generate the debilitating effects of synthetic glucocorticoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14200-14209. [PMID: 31221758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908264116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventy years after the discovery of their anti-inflammatory properties, glucocorticoids (GCs) remain the mainstay treatment for major allergic and inflammatory disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, and conjunctivitis, among others. However, their long-term therapeutical administration is limited by major debilitating side effects, e.g., skin atrophy, osteoporosis, Addison-like adrenal insufficiency, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes syndrome, as well as growth inhibition in children. These undesirable side effects are mostly related to GC-induced activation of both the direct transactivation and the direct transrepression functions of the GC receptor (GR), whereas the activation of its GC-induced indirect tethered transrepression function results in beneficial anti-inflammatory effects. We have reported in the accompanying paper that the nonsteroidal compound CpdX as well as its deuterated form CpdX-D3 selectively activate the GR indirect transrepression function and are as effective as synthetic GCs at repressing inflammations generated in several mouse models of major pathologies. We now demonstrate that these CpdX compounds are bona fide selective GC receptor agonistic modulators (SEGRAMs) as none of the known GC-induced debilitating side effects were observed in the mouse upon 3-mo CpdX treatments. We notably report that, unlike that of GCs, the administration of CpdX to ovariectomized (OVX) mice does not induce a fatty liver nor type 2 diabetes, which indicates that CpdX could be used in postmenopausal women as an efficient "harmless" GC substitute.
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13
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Duszka K, Wahli W. Enteric Microbiota⁻Gut⁻Brain Axis from the Perspective of Nuclear Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082210. [PMID: 30060580 PMCID: PMC6121494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) play a key role in regulating virtually all body functions, thus maintaining a healthy operating body with all its complex systems. Recently, gut microbiota emerged as major factor contributing to the health of the whole organism. Enteric bacteria have multiple ways to influence their host and several of them involve communication with the brain. Mounting evidence of cooperation between gut flora and NRs is already available. However, the full potential of the microbiota interconnection with NRs remains to be uncovered. Herewith, we present the current state of knowledge on the multifaceted roles of NRs in the enteric microbiota–gut–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Clarisse D, Van Wesemael K, Tavernier J, Offner F, Beck IM, De Bosscher K. Effect of combining glucocorticoids with Compound A on glucocorticoid receptor responsiveness in lymphoid malignancies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197000. [PMID: 29738549 PMCID: PMC5940183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a cornerstone in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Yet, prolonged GC use is hampered by deleterious GC-related side effects and the emergence of GC resistance. To tackle and overcome these GC-related problems, the applicability of selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and modulators was studied, in search of fewer side-effects and at least equal therapeutic efficacy as classic GCs. Compound A (CpdA) is a prototypical example of such a selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator and does not support GR-mediated transactivation. Here, we examined whether the combination of CpdA with the classic GC dexamethasone (Dex) may improve GC responsiveness of MM and ALL cell lines. We find that the combination of Dex and CpdA does not substantially enhance GC-mediated cell killing. In line, several apoptosis hallmarks, such as caspase 3/7 activity, PARP cleavage and the levels of cleaved-caspase 3 remain unchanged upon combining Dex with CpdA. Moreover, we monitor no additional inhibition of cell proliferation and the homologous downregulation of GR is not counteracted by the combination of Dex and CpdA. In addition, CpdA is unable to modulate Dex-liganded GR transactivation and transrepression, yet, Dex-mediated transrepression is also aberrant in these lymphoid cell lines. Together, transrepression-favoring compounds, alone or combined with GCs, do not seem a valid strategy in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karlien Van Wesemael
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse M. Beck
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Health Sciences, Odisee University College, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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