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Lin HH, Wu YS, Chang MT, Shyur LF, Lin YL. Plant-derived galactolipids enhance specific antibody production and induce class-switch as vaccine adjuvant. Vaccine 2024; 42:782-794. [PMID: 38199923 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Various plant-derived compounds can activate immune responses against bacterial infections, and this property contributes to them being developed as effective and safe adjuvants for vaccines. This study evaluated the potential adjuvant effects of a galactolipid-enriched fraction generated from the medicinal plant Crassocephalum rabens (designated CRA). Heat shock protein 60 of periodontal disease pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (AaHSP60) was taken as an antigen and mixed with CRA. The AaHSP60/CRA mixture was then injected intraperitoneally into the BALB/c mice. Titers and affinity of specific antibodies were measured by ELISA. Cytokine profiles in mouse serum or culture media of AaHSP60/CRA-treated splenocytes were analyzed by cytokine multiplex assay and ELISA kits. B cell differentiation and macrophage activation were determined by phenotyping. CRA dramatically enhanced specific antibody titers and induced Ig class switch, as shown by increases in the IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 proportions of total Ig in mouse serum. Furthermore, CRA-induced anti-AaHSP60 antibodies had cross-reactivity to other bacterial HSP60s. Cell-based and animal results demonstrated that CRA induced the release of IL-21 and B cell activating factor (BAFF), which stimulated B cell differentiation. CRA enhanced cell proliferation, uptake ability, and antigen presentation in mouse phagocytes. CRA served as a vaccine adjuvant that enhance mouse immunity against pathogenic antigens. CRA strengthened the activation and capabilities of phagocytes and B cells. Therefore, CRA may be a promising adjuvant for bacterial vaccines including periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Huei Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Wu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Xu Y, Mao Y, Lv Y, Tang W, Xu J. B cells in tumor metastasis: friend or foe? Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:2382-2393. [PMID: 37215990 PMCID: PMC10197893 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.79482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is an important cause of cancer-related death. Immunotherapy may be an effective way to prevent and treat tumor metastasis in the future. Currently, many studies have focused on T cells, whereas fewer have focused on B cells and their subsets. B cells play an important role in tumor metastasis. They not only secrete antibodies and various cytokines but also function in antigen presentation to directly or indirectly participate in tumor immunity. Furthermore, B cells are involved in both inhibiting and promoting tumor metastasis, which demonstrates the complexity of B cells in tumor immunity. Moreover, different subgroups of B cells have distinct functions. The functions of B cells are also affected by the tumor microenvironment, and the metabolic homeostasis of B cells is also closely related to their function. In this review, we summarize the role of B cells in tumor metastasis, analyze the mechanisms of B cells, and discuss the current status and prospects of B cells in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wentao Tang
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Jianmin Xu, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. E-mail: ; Wentao Tang, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. E-mail:
| | - Jianmin Xu
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Jianmin Xu, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. E-mail: ; Wentao Tang, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. E-mail:
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3
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Ma H, Murphy C, Loscher CE, O’Kennedy R. Autoantibodies - enemies, and/or potential allies? Front Immunol 2022; 13:953726. [PMID: 36341384 PMCID: PMC9627499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are well known as potentially highly harmful antibodies which attack the host via binding to self-antigens, thus causing severe associated diseases and symptoms (e.g. autoimmune diseases). However, detection of autoantibodies to a range of disease-associated antigens has enabled their successful usage as important tools in disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. There are several advantages of using such autoantibodies. These include the capacity to measure their presence very early in disease development, their stability, which is often much better than their related antigen, and the capacity to use an array of such autoantibodies for enhanced diagnostics and to better predict prognosis. They may also possess capacity for utilization in therapy, in vivo. In this review both the positive and negative aspects of autoantibodies are critically assessed, including their role in autoimmune diseases, cancers and the global pandemic caused by COVID-19. Important issues related to their detection are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline Murphy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Richard O’Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Li F, Long Y, Yu X, Tong Y, Gong L. Different Immunoregulation Roles of Activin A Compared With TGF-β. Front Immunol 2022; 13:921366. [PMID: 35774793 PMCID: PMC9237220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A, a critical member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, is a pluripotent factor involved in allergies, autoimmune diseases, cancers and other diseases with immune disorder. Similar to its family member, TGF-β, activin A also transmits signals through SMAD2/SMAD3, however, they bind to distinct receptors. Recent studies have uncovered that activin A plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune systems. Here we mainly focus its effects on activation, differentiation, proliferation and function of cells which are indispensable in the immune system and meanwhile make some comparisons with those of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiru Long
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
- *Correspondence: Likun Gong,
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5
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Xiao K, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhu C, Guo L, Lu R. Diagnostic value of serum tumor-associated autoantibodies in esophageal cancer. Biomark Med 2021; 15:1333-1343. [PMID: 34541870 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the application value of serum autoantibodies in the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Materials & methods: A total of 130 patients with esophageal cancer and 110 controls were included and tested by ELISA. Results: According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, total sensitivity is 83.08%, total specificity is 72.73%. A nomogram was established based on the positive judgment standard, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to be 0.880 after verification with the calibration curve. A 2-week follow-up analysis found compared with the preoperative control, the postoperative model integral value will significantly decrease. Conclusion: The combination of serum autoantibody groups has certain clinical application value in the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer and can be used as an auxiliary index for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjia Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaolu Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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6
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Tian W, Jiang X, Kim D, Guan T, Nicolls MR, Rockson SG. Leukotrienes in Tumor-Associated Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1289. [PMID: 32973519 PMCID: PMC7466732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes are biologically active eicosanoid lipid mediators that originate from oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid. Biosynthesis of leukotrienes involves a set of soluble and membrane-bound enzymes that constitute a machinery complex primarily expressed by cells of myeloid origin. Leukotrienes and their synthetic enzymes are critical immune modulators for leukocyte migration. Increased concentrations of leukotrienes are implicated in a number of inflammatory disorders. More recent work indicates that leukotrienes may also interact with a variety of tissue cells, contributing to the low-grade inflammation of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic conditions, as well as that of cancer. Leukotriene signaling contributes to the active tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor growth and resistance to immunotherapy. This review summarizes recent insights into the intricate roles of leukotrienes in promoting tumor growth and metastasis through shaping the tumor microenvironment. The emerging possibilities for pharmacological targeting of leukotriene signaling in tumor metastasis are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dongeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Torrey Guan
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stanley G Rockson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Longitudinal serum autoantibody repertoire profiling identifies surgery-associated biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102674. [PMID: 32113159 PMCID: PMC7047177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal sera were globally analyzed for identification of surgery-associated serum biomarker for the first time. Autoantibody repertories are stable for a single individual at different time points but highly variable among individuals. Surgery-associated serum biomarkers are prevalent in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Background Autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens are highly related to cancer progression. Autoantibodies could serve as indicators of tumor burden, and have the potential to monitor the response of treatment and tumor recurrence. However, how the autoantibody repertoire changes in response to cancer treatment are largely unknown. Methods Sera of five lung adenocarcinoma patients before and after surgery, were collected longitudinally. These sera were analyzed on a human proteome microarray of 20,240 recombinant proteins to acquire dynamic autoantibody repertoire in response to surgery, as well as to identify the antigens with decreased antibody response after tumor excision or surgery, named as surgery-associated antigens. The identified candidate antigens were then used to construct focused microarray and validated by longitudinal sera collected from a variety of time points of the same patient and a larger cohort of 45 sera from lung adenocarcinoma patients. Findings The autoantibody profiles are highly variable among patients. Meanwhile, the autoantibody profiles of the sera from the same patient were surprisingly stable for at least 3 months after surgery. Six surgery-associated antigens were identified and validated. All the five patients have at least one surgery-associated antigen, demonstrating this type of biomarkers is prevalent, while specific antigens are poorly shared among individuals. The prevalence of each antigen is 2%–14% according to the test with a larger cohort. Interpretation To our knowledge, this is the first study of dynamically profiling of autoantibody repertoires before/after surgery of cancer patients. The high prevalence of surgery-associated antigens implies the possible broad application for monitoring of tumor recurrence in population, while the low prevalence of specific antigens allows personalized medicine. After the accumulation and analysis of more longitudinal samples, the surgery-associated serum biomarkers, combined as a panel, may be applied to alarm the recurrence of tumor in a personalized manner. Funding Research supported by grants from National Key Research and Development Program of China Grant (No. 2016YFA0500600), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31970130, 31600672, 31670831, and 31370813), Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (No. KLSB2017QN-01), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Medical Guidance Science &Technology Support Project (16411966100), Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support (20172005), Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Outstanding Academic Leaders Training Program (2017BR055) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871882).
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8
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Rapid and Safe Isolation of Human Peripheral Blood B and T Lymphocytes through Spiral Microfluidic Channels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8145. [PMID: 31148602 PMCID: PMC6544655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) are mature lymphocytes that circulate in the blood rather than being localized to organs. A reliable label-free collection approach that can viably and appropriately isolate PBLs to establish in vitro culture systems is crucial for basic research and clinical requirements. However, isolation of PBLs from whole blood is difficult, and so the development of a rapid and safe method to perform this task is required. Microfluidic technology offers opportunities that challenge the performance of macroscale methods. In this study, we proposed a simple spiral microfluidic chip for efficient and high-throughput isolation of lymphocytes from a sample with prelysed RBCs. This spiral microfluidic platform does not rely on antibodies or biological markers for labeling cells of interest while isolating lymphocytes but rather enriches B and T lymphocytes through the different physical properties that are intrinsic to lymphocytes and other blood cells. The device was used to achieve high-throughput (~1.3 × 105 cells/min) separation of lymphocytes with high viability (>95%). Compared with previous approaches, our device provided rapid, label-free, high-throughput, and safe lymphocyte separation.
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Gambogenic acid triggers apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells by activating volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying chloride channel. Fitoterapia 2019; 133:150-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Vo TTL, Jang WJ, Jeong CH. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase: an emerging target of natural products for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1431:3-13. [PMID: 30058075 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and has become a global burden. It has long been known that inflammation is related to cancer, as inflammatory components have been identified in the tumor microenvironment and support tumor progression. Among the key inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes were found to be involved in cancer development. In particular, leukotriene B4, which is converted from leukotriene A4 by leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), has been implicated in several types of cancer. In addition, LTA4H has attracted attention because of purported roles in inflammation and cancer development. Herein, we review the history of LTA4H, its emerging roles in cancer development, and the development of LTA4H inhibitors in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Thuy Lu Vo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, the Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, the Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, the Republic of Korea
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