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Groot AT, Blankers T, Halfwerk W, Burdfield Steel E. The Evolutionary Importance of Intraspecific Variation in Sexual Communication Across Sensory Modalities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:21-40. [PMID: 37562048 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-030223-111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of sexual communication is critically important in the diversity of arthropods, which are declining at a fast pace worldwide. Their environments are rapidly changing, with increasing chemical, acoustic, and light pollution. To predict how arthropod species will respond to changing climates, habitats, and communities, we need to understand how sexual communication systems can evolve. In the past decades, intraspecific variation in sexual signals and responses across different modalities has been identified, but never in a comparative way. In this review, we identify and compare the level and extent of intraspecific variation in sexual signals and responses across three different modalities, chemical, acoustic, and visual, focusing mostly on insects. By comparing causes and possible consequences of intraspecific variation in sexual communication among these modalities, we identify shared and unique patterns, as well as knowledge needed to predict the evolution of sexual communication systems in arthropods in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Thomas Blankers
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Wouter Halfwerk
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), VU Amsterdam, Netherlands;
| | - Emily Burdfield Steel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
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2
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Evolution of the Sex Pheromone Communication System in Ostrinia Moths. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121067. [PMID: 34940155 PMCID: PMC8708824 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Moths typically rely on sex pheromone communication to find a mate. This involves the production of species-specific sex pheromones by females (the signaller) and the corresponding selective detection by conspecific males (the receiver). A key question in the evolution of the pheromone communication system is how the female signals can diversify and still be tracked by the receivers over the process of speciation. The genus Ostrinia, which comprises 20 species worldwide including several well-recognised agricultural pests, is an attractive model in the study of the evolution of sex pheromone communication, as the closely related species and strains provide an ideal example of ongoing speciation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the research on pheromone communication in different Ostrinia species over the past four decades, from the identity and biosynthesis of pheromones in the females to the molecular and neuronal basis of the pheromone perception in males. The evolutionary insights from these studies are discussed and the directions for future research are outlined. Abstract It remains a conundrum in the evolution of sexual communication how the signals and responses can co-ordinate the changes during speciation. The genus Ostrinia contains several closely related species as well as distinctive strains with pheromone polymorphism and represents an example of ongoing speciation. Extensive studies in the genus, especially in the species the European corn borer O. nubilalis (ECB), the Asian corn borer O. furnacalis (ACB) and the adzuki bean borer O. scapulalis (ABB), have provided valuable insights into the evolution of sex pheromone communication. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the research on pheromone communication in different Ostrinia species over the past four decades, including pheromone identification and biosynthesis, the ligand profiles of pheromone receptor (PR) genes, the physiology of peripheral olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and the projection pattern to the antennal lobe. By integrating and comparing the closely related Ostrinia species and strains, it provides an evolutionary perspective on the sex pheromone communication in moths in general and also outlines the outstanding questions that await to be elucidated by future studies.
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3
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Evolutionary importance of intraspecific variation in sex pheromones. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:848-859. [PMID: 34167852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sex pheromones in many insect species are important species-recognition signals that attract conspecifics and inhibit attraction between heterospecifics; therefore, sex pheromones have predominantly been considered to evolve due to interactions between species. Recent research, however, is uncovering roles for these signals in mate choice, and that variation within and between populations can be drivers of species evolution. Variation in pheromone communication channels arises from a combination of context-dependent, condition-dependent, or genetic mechanisms in both signalers and receivers. Variation can affect mate choice and thus gene flow between individuals and populations, affecting species' evolution. The complex interactions between intraspecific and interspecific selection forces calls for more integrative studies to understand the evolution of sex pheromone communication.
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Unbehend M, Kozak GM, Koutroumpa F, Coates BS, Dekker T, Groot AT, Heckel DG, Dopman EB. bric à brac controls sex pheromone choice by male European corn borer moths. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2818. [PMID: 33990556 PMCID: PMC8121916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The sex pheromone system of ~160,000 moth species acts as a powerful form of assortative mating whereby females attract conspecific males with a species-specific blend of volatile compounds. Understanding how female pheromone production and male preference coevolve to produce this diversity requires knowledge of the genes underlying change in both traits. In the European corn borer moth, pheromone blend variation is controlled by two alleles of an autosomal fatty-acyl reductase gene expressed in the female pheromone gland (pgFAR). Here we show that asymmetric male preference is controlled by cis-acting variation in a sex-linked transcription factor expressed in the developing male antenna, bric à brac (bab). A genome-wide association study of preference using pheromone-trapped males implicates variation in the 293 kb bab intron 1, rather than the coding sequence. Linkage disequilibrium between bab intron 1 and pgFAR further validates bab as the preference locus, and demonstrates that the two genes interact to contribute to assortative mating. Thus, lack of physical linkage is not a constraint for coevolutionary divergence of female pheromone production and male behavioral response genes, in contrast to what is often predicted by evolutionary theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Unbehend
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Genevieve M Kozak
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - Fotini Koutroumpa
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, XH, the Netherlands
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Versailles, Cedex, France
| | - Brad S Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Teun Dekker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, XH, the Netherlands
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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5
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Wanner KW, Moore K, Wei J, Herdlicka BC, Linn CE, Baker TC. Pheromone Odorant Receptor Responses Reveal the Presence of a Cryptic, Redundant Sex Pheromone Component in the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:567-580. [PMID: 32676764 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two odorant receptors (ORs), OnubOR3 and OnubOR6, in the sex pheromone communication systems of E- and Z-strain European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis, were broadly receptive to analogs of their pheromone components. In addition to responding to their natural 14-carbon pheromone components, (Z)-11- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetates (Z11- and E11-14:OAc), these pheromone ORs responded to the longer-chain compounds, (Z)-11- and (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11- and E11-16:OAc). Z11-16:OAc is a pheromone gland constituent of E-strain O. nubilalis females in Europe but has not previously been shown to have behavioral activity to males. Here, we demonstrate that Z11-16:OAc evokes high levels of upwind flight and source location in E-strain males when substituted for Z11-14:OAc (minor component) in the E-strain blend. Since Z11-16:OAc is found in the gland and has behavioral activity when Z11-14:OAc is missing, then it should be classified as a cryptic, redundant minor pheromone component in E-strain O. nubilalis. The opposite geometric isomer, E11-16:OAc, also functions in Z-strain O. nubilalis, substituting behaviorally for the E11-14:OAc minor component, but has not been found in Z-strain female glands. Single-sensillum recordings showed that sensory neurons of E- and Z-strain male antennae expressing OnubOR3 and OnubOR6 produced responses to these hexadecenyl acetates similar to those evoked by the natural (tetradecenyl acetate) pheromone components. We postulate that the wide responsiveness of these two ORs to the 16-carbon acetates could be a preadaptation for O. nubilalis to use these compounds as minor components in lieu of the respective 14-carbon acetates. Alternatively, the responsiveness of OnubOR3 to E11-16:OAc and OnubOR6 to Z11-16:OAc could represent a vestigial state of these receptors, with the 16-carbon acetates having previously acted as functional minor components in an ancestral blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Wanner
- Department of Plant Science, Montana State University, 119 Plant BioSciences, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
| | - Kevin Moore
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Jianrong Wei
- Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,College of Life Science, Hebei University, City, Baoding, China
| | - Brent C Herdlicka
- Department of Plant Science, Montana State University, 119 Plant BioSciences, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Charles E Linn
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Thomas C Baker
- Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Adams SA, Tsutsui ND. The evolution of species recognition labels in insects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190476. [PMID: 32420852 PMCID: PMC7331023 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of pre-zygotic reproductive isolation is a key step in the process of speciation. In many organisms, particularly insects, chemical labels are used as pheromones for species-specific mate recognition. Although an enormous body of knowledge exists regarding the patterns of pheromone chemical ecology, much less is known about the evolutionary processes that underlie the origin of new mating pheromones. Here, we examine case studies that have illuminated the origins of species-specific mating pheromones and suggest future directions for productive research. This article is part of the theme issue 'Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Durie Tsutsui
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California-Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
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Gao K, van Wijk M, Clement Z, Egas M, Groot AT. A life-history perspective on sexual selection in a polygamous species. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:53. [PMID: 32380947 PMCID: PMC7206733 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ever since Darwin, evolutionary biologists have studied sexual selection driving differences in appearance and behaviour between males and females. An unchallenged paradigm in such studies is that one sex (usually the male) signals its quality as a mate to the other sex (usually the female), who is choosy in accepting a partner. Here, we hypothesize that in polygamous species these roles change dynamically with the mating status of males and females, depending on direct reproductive costs and benefits of multiple matings, and on sperm competition. We test this hypothesis by assessing fitness costs and benefits of multiple matings in both males and females in a polygamous moth species, as in moths not males but females are the signalers and males are the responders. Results We found that multiple matings confer fitness costs and benefits for both sexes. Specifically, the number of matings did not affect the longevity of males or females, but only 67% of the males and 14% of the females mated successfully in all five nights. In addition, the female’s reproductive output increased with multiple matings, although when paired with a new virgin male every night, more than 3 matings decreased her reproductive output, so that the Bateman gradient for females fit a quadratic model better than a linear model. The male’s reproductive success was positively affected by the number of matings and a linear regression line best fit the data. Simulations of the effect of sperm competition showed that increasing last-male paternity increases the steepness of the male Bateman gradient and thus the male’s relative fitness gain from additional mating. Irrespective of last-male paternity value, the female Bateman gradient is steeper than the male one for up to three matings. Conclusion Our results suggest that choosiness in moths may well change throughout the mating season, with males being more choosy early in the season and females being more choosy after having mated at least three times. This life-history perspective on the costs and benefits of multiple matings for both sexes sheds new light on sexual selection forces acting on sexual signals and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Wijk
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zoe Clement
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Egas
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Department Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knoell Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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8
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Brand P, Hinojosa-Díaz IA, Ayala R, Daigle M, Yurrita Obiols CL, Eltz T, Ramírez SR. The evolution of sexual signaling is linked to odorant receptor tuning in perfume-collecting orchid bees. Nat Commun 2020; 11:244. [PMID: 31932598 PMCID: PMC6957680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual signaling is an important reproductive barrier known to evolve early during the formation of new species, but the genetic mechanisms that facilitate the divergence of sexual signals remain elusive. Here we isolate a gene linked to the rapid evolution of a signaling trait in a pair of nascent neotropical orchid bee lineages, Euglossa dilemma and E. viridissima. Male orchid bees acquire chemical compounds from their environment to concoct species-specific perfumes to later expose during courtship. We find that the two lineages acquire chemically distinct perfumes and are reproductively isolated despite low levels of genome-wide differentiation. Remarkably, variation in perfume chemistry coincides with rapid divergence in few odorant receptor (OR) genes. Using functional assays, we demonstrate that the derived variant of Or41 in E. dilemma is specific towards its species-specific major perfume compound, whereas the ancestral variant in E. viridissima is broadly tuned to multiple odorants. Our results show that OR evolution likely played a role in the divergence of sexual communication in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Brand
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA.
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, 10065, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Ismael A Hinojosa-Díaz
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n Ciudad Universitaria Delegación Coyoacán, Apartado Postal 70-153, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Ayala
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 21, San Patricio, Jalisco, 48980, Mexico
| | - Michael Daigle
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carmen L Yurrita Obiols
- Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Avenida La Reforma, 0-63, Guatemala, 01000, Guatemala
| | - Thomas Eltz
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Santiago R Ramírez
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA.
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Coates BS, Kozak GM, Seok Kim K, Sun J, Wang Y, Fleischer SJ, Dopman EB, Sappington TW. Influence of host plant, geography and pheromone strain on genomic differentiation in sympatric populations of Ostrinia nubilalis. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4439-4452. [PMID: 31495004 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of mating for the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) moth depend in part on variation in sex-pheromone blend. The ratio of (E)-11- and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11- and Z11-14:OAc) in the pheromone blend that females produce and males respond to differs between strains of O. nubilalis. Populations also vary in female oviposition preference for and larval performance on maize (C4) and nonmaize (C3) host plants. The relative contributions of sexual and ecological trait variation to the genetic structure of O. nubilalis remains unknown. Host-plant use (13 C/14 C ratios) and genetic differentiation were estimated among sympatric E and Z pheromone strain O. nubilalis males collected in sex-pheromone baited traps at 12 locations in Pennsylvania and New York between 2007 and 2010. Among genotypes at 65 single nucleotide polymorphism marker loci, variance at a position in the pheromone gland fatty acyl-reductase (pgfar) gene at the locus responsible for determining female pheromone ratio (Pher) explained 64% of the total genetic differentiation between males attracted to different pheromones (male response, Resp), providing evidence of sexual inter-selection at these unlinked loci. Principal coordinate, Bayesian clustering, and distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) demonstrate that host plant history or geography does not significantly contribute to population variation or differentiation among males. In contrast, these analyses indicate that pheromone response and pgfar-defined strain contribute significantly to population genetic differentiation. This study suggests that behavioural divergence probably plays a larger role in driving genetic variation compared to host plant-defined ecological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Coates
- Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Genevieve M Kozak
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Kyung Seok Kim
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yangzhou Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | | | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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10
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Kozak GM, Wadsworth CB, Kahne SC, Bogdanowicz SM, Harrison RG, Coates BS, Dopman EB. Genomic Basis of Circannual Rhythm in the European Corn Borer Moth. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3501-3509.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Blankers T, Berdan EL, Hennig RM, Mayer F. Physical linkage and mate preference generate linkage disequilibrium for behavioral isolation in two parapatric crickets. Evolution 2019; 73:777-791. [PMID: 30820950 PMCID: PMC6593781 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral isolation is a potent barrier to gene flow and a source of striking diversity in the animal kingdom. However, it remains unclear if the linkage disequilibrium (LD) between sex‐specific traits required for behavioral isolation results mostly from physical linkage between signal and preference loci or from directional mate preferences. Here, we test this in the field crickets Gryllus rubens and G. texensis. These closely related species diverged with gene flow and have strongly differentiated songs and preference functions for the mate calling song rhythm. We map quantitative trait loci for signal and preference traits (pQTL) as well as for gene expression associated with these traits (eQTL). We find strong, positive genetic covariance between song traits and between song and preference. Our results show that this is in part explained by incomplete physical linkage: although both linked pQTL and eQTL couple male and female traits, major effect loci for different traits were never on the same chromosome. We suggest that the finely tuned, highly divergent preference functions are likely an additional source of LD between male and female traits in this system. Furthermore, pleiotropy of gene expression presents an underappreciated mechanism to link sexually dimorphic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blankers
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Current address: Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma L Berdan
- Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Current address: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Matthias Hennig
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frieder Mayer
- Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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12
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Groot AT, van Wijk M, Villacis-Perez E, Kuperus P, Schöfl G, van Veldhuizen D, Heckel DG. Within-population variability in a moth sex pheromone blend, part 2: selection towards fixation. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:182050. [PMID: 31032049 PMCID: PMC6458377 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.182050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand how variation in sexual communication systems evolves, the genetic architecture underlying sexual signals and responses needs to be identified. Especially in animals where mating signals are important for mate recognition, and signals and responses are governed by independently assorting genes, it is difficult to envision how signals and preferences can (co)evolve. Moths are a prime example of such animals. In the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens, we found within-population variation in the female pheromone. In previous selection experiments followed by quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and expression analysis of candidate desaturase genes, we developed a model involving a trans-acting repressor of the delta-11-desaturase. In our current study with new selection lines, we fixed the most extreme phenotype and found a single underlying mutation: a premature stop codon in the first coding exon of delta-11-desaturase, which we could trace back to its origin in the laboratory. Interestingly, we found no pleiotropic effects of this knock-out mutation on the male physiological or behavioural response, or on growth or fertility. This finding is in contrast to Drosophila melanogaster, where a single desaturase gene affects both female pheromone production and male behavioural response, but similar to other Lepidoptera where these traits are under independent genetic control. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a single point mutation has been identified that underlies the phenotypic variation in the pheromone signal of a moth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid T. Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knoell Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michiel van Wijk
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Villacis-Perez
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kuperus
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Schöfl
- Department Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knoell Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dennis van Veldhuizen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David G. Heckel
- Department Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knoell Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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13
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Coates BS, Dopman EB, Wanner KW, Sappington TW. Genomic mechanisms of sympatric ecological and sexual divergence in a model agricultural pest, the European corn borer. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 26:50-56. [PMID: 29764660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, is a model species for elucidating mechanisms underlying adaptively differentiated subpopulations in the face of reciprocal gene flow, and is a major pest of cultivated maize in North America and Eurasia. Strains are characterized by different pheromone communication systems in combination with voltinism strains that are adapted to distinct local climate and photoperiod through adjustments in diapause traits. However, only partial barriers to inter-strain hybridization exist in areas of sympatry. Recent research shows that genes governing important strain-specific isolating traits are disproportionately located on the Z-chromosome. Furthermore, co-adapted combinations of some of these genes are non-recombining due to location within a large chromosomal inversion, and assist in maintaining strain integrity despite hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Erik B Dopman
- Tufts University, Department of Biology, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Kevin W Wanner
- Montana State University, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Thomas W Sappington
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States
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14
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Non-Pleiotropic Coupling of Daily and Seasonal Temporal Isolation in the European Corn Borer. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040180. [PMID: 29587435 PMCID: PMC5924522 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Speciation often involves the coupling of multiple isolating barriers to produce reproductive isolation, but how coupling is generated among different premating barriers is unknown. We measure the degree of coupling between the daily mating time and seasonal mating time between strains of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and evaluate the hypothesis that the coupling of different forms of allochrony is due to a shared genetic architecture, involving genes with pleiotropic effects on both timing phenotypes. We measure differences in gene expression at peak mating times and compare these genes to previously identified candidates that are associated with changes in seasonal mating time between the corn borer strains. We find that the E strain, which mates earlier in the season, also mates 2.7 h earlier in the night than the Z strain. Earlier daily mating is correlated with the differences in expression of the circadian clock genes cycle, slimb, and vrille. However, different circadian clock genes associate with daily and seasonal timing, suggesting that the coupling of timing traits is maintained by natural selection rather than pleiotropy. Juvenile hormone gene expression was associated with both types of timing, suggesting that circadian genes activate common downstream modules that may impose constraint on future evolution of these traits.
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15
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Yasukochi Y, Yang B, Fujimoto T, Sahara K, Matsuo T, Ishikawa Y. Conservation and lineage-specific rearrangements in the GOBP/PBP gene complex of distantly related ditrysian Lepidoptera. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192762. [PMID: 29425254 PMCID: PMC5806886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
General odorant binding proteins (GOBPs) and pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) form a monophyletic subfamily of insect odorant binding proteins (OBPs) specific for Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths. The GOBP/PBP genes include six subgroups (GOBP1–2, PBP-A–D) previously reported to form a complex arrayed in a conserved order in representative moths (superfamily Bombycoidea) and butterflies (Nymphalidae). Although our knowledge of lepidopteran genomes has increased greatly recently, the structure of the GOBP/PBP complex has been studied only for species that represent limited lineages of the highly diverged Ditrysia. To understand the evolution of this functionally important gene complex, we determined 69–149 kb genomic sequences that include GOBP2 and five PBP genes in three Ostrinia moths (Pyraloidea), O. nubilalis, O. furnacalis, and O. latipennis, using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and fosmid clones. The structure of the GOBP2/PBP gene cluster was well conserved despite the different sex pheromone composition utilized by the three moths. Five expressed PBP genes in Ostrinia moths were the result of two duplications of PBP-A genes. Surprisingly, an allele containing a fusion gene between tandemly arrayed PBP-A genes was observed in O. nubilalis. We also revealed duplication and intra-chromosomal translocation of the GOBP1 gene in P. xylostella by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Additionally, we compared the structure of the GOBP/PBP gene complex of seventeen species covering six superfamilies and twelve families of the lepidopteran clade, Ditrysia, and found the gene order was basically conserved despite the frequent occurrence of lineage-specific gains, losses, inversions and translocations of these genes, compared with their neighboring genes. Our findings support the hypothesis that the structure of the GOBP/PBP gene complex was already established in the common ancestor of Ditrysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yasukochi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ken Sahara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Ishikawa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Grapputo A, Thrimawithana AH, Steinwender B, Newcomb RD. Differential gene expression in the evolution of sex pheromone communication in New Zealand's endemic leafroller moths of the genera Ctenopseustis and Planotortrix. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:94. [PMID: 29373972 PMCID: PMC5787247 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex pheromone communication in moths has attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists due to the vast array of pheromone compounds used, addressing questions of how this diversity arose and how male reception has evolved in step with the female signal. Here we examine the role of changing gene expression in the evolution of mate recognition systems in leafroller moths, particularly focusing on genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of sex pheromones in female pheromone glands and the peripheral reception repertoire in the antennae of males. From tissue-specific transcriptomes we mined and compared a database of genes expressed in the pheromone glands and antennae of males and females of four closely related species of leafroller moths endemic to New Zealand, Ctenopseutis herana and C. obliquana, and Planotortrix excessana and P. octo. The peculiarity of this group, compared to other Lepidoptera, is the use of (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate as sex pheromone components. Results We identify orthologues of candidate genes from the pheromone biosynthesis pathway, degradation and transport, as well as genes of the periphery olfactory repertoire, including large families of binding proteins, receptors and odorant degrading enzymes. The production of distinct pheromone blends in the sibling species is associated with the differential expression of two desaturase genes, deast5 and desat7, in the pheromone glands. In male antennae, three odorant receptors, OR74, OR76a and OR30 are over-expressed, but their expression could not be clearly associated with the detection of species-specific pheromones components. In addition these species contain duplications of all three pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) that are also differentially expressed among species. Conclusions While in females differences in the expression of desaturases may be sufficient to explain pheromone blend differences among these New Zealand leafroller species, in males differential expression of several genes, including pheromone binding proteins, may underpin differences in the response by males to changing pheromone components among the species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4451-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernd Steinwender
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Newcomb
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Wang Y, Kim KS, Guo W, Li Q, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Coates BS. Introgression between divergent corn borer species in a region of sympatry: Implications on the evolution and adaptation of pest arthropods. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6892-6907. [PMID: 29105878 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, and European corn borer, O. nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), cause damage to cultivated maize in spatially distinct geographies and have evolved divergent hydrocarbons as the basis of sexual communication. The Yili area of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China represents the only known region where O. furnacalis has invaded a native O. nubilalis range, and these two corn borer species have made secondary contact. Genetic differentiation was estimated between Ostrinia larvae collected from maize plants at 11 locations in Xinjiang and genotyped using high-throughput SNP and microsatellite markers. Maternal lineages were assessed by direct sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II haplotypes, and a high degree of genotypic diversity was demonstrated between lineages based on SNP genotypes. Furthermore, historical introgression was predicted among SNP genotypes only at sympatric locations in the Yili area, whereas in Xinjiang populations only O. furnacalis haplotypes were detected and no analogous introgressed genotypes were predicted. Our detection of putative hybrids and historical evidence of introgression defines Yili area as a hybrid zone between the species in normal ecological interactions and furthermore, might indicate that adaptive traits could spread even between seemingly divergent species through horizontal transmission. Results of this study indicate there may be a continuum in the degree of reproductive isolation between Ostrinia species and that the elegance of distinct and complete speciation based on modifications to the pheromone communication might need to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Kyung Seok Kim
- Iowa State University, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Wenchao Guo
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiyun Li
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yunyue Zhang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Brad S Coates
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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18
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Kozak GM, Wadsworth CB, Kahne SC, Bogdanowicz SM, Harrison RG, Coates BS, Dopman EB. A combination of sexual and ecological divergence contributes to rearrangement spread during initial stages of speciation. Mol Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.111/mwc.1403610.1111/mec.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M. Kozak
- Department of Biology Tufts University 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700 Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Crista B. Wadsworth
- Department of Biology Tufts University 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700 Medford MA 02155 USA
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave. Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Shoshanna C. Kahne
- Department of Biology Tufts University 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700 Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Steven M. Bogdanowicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University 215 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Richard G. Harrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University 215 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Brad S. Coates
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA‐ARS Iowa State University 103 Genetics Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Erik B. Dopman
- Department of Biology Tufts University 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700 Medford MA 02155 USA
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19
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Kozak GM, Wadsworth CB, Kahne SC, Bogdanowicz SM, Harrison RG, Coates BS, Dopman EB. A combination of sexual and ecological divergence contributes to rearrangement spread during initial stages of speciation. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2331-2347. [PMID: 28141898 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements between sympatric species often contain multiple loci contributing to assortative mating, local adaptation and hybrid sterility. When and how these associations arise during the process of speciation remains a subject of debate. Here, we address the relative roles of local adaptation and assortative mating on the dynamics of rearrangement evolution by studying how a rearrangement covaries with sexual and ecological trait divergence within a species. Previously, a chromosomal rearrangement that suppresses recombination on the Z (sex) chromosome was identified in European corn borer moths (Ostrinia nubilalis). We further characterize this recombination suppressor and explore its association with variation in sex pheromone communication and seasonal ecological adaptation in pairs of populations that are divergent in one or both of these characteristics. Direct estimates of recombination suppression in pedigree mapping families indicated that more than 39% of the Z chromosome (encompassing up to ~10 megabases and ~300 genes) resides within a nonrecombining unit, including pheromone olfactory receptor genes and a major quantitative trait locus that contributes to ecotype differences (Pdd). Combining direct and indirect estimates of recombination suppression, we found that the rearrangement was occasionally present between sexually isolated strains (E vs. Z) and between divergent ecotypes (univoltine vs. bivoltine). However, it was only consistently present when populations differed in both sexual and ecological traits. Our results suggest that independent of the forces that drove the initial establishment of the rearrangement, a combination of sexual and ecological divergence is required for rearrangement spread during speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M Kozak
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Crista B Wadsworth
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shoshanna C Kahne
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Steven M Bogdanowicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Richard G Harrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brad S Coates
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Iowa State University, 103 Genetics Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave. Ste. 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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