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Nuber S, Selkoe DJ. The Parkinson-Associated Toxin Paraquat Shifts Physiological α-Synuclein Tetramers toward Monomers That Can Be Calpain-Truncated and Form Oligomers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:520-531. [PMID: 36773784 PMCID: PMC10155269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) is thought to initiate neuronal dysfunction and death in Parkinson disease (PD). In addition to higher-molecular-weight, oligomeric, and polymeric forms of αS associated with neurotoxicity and disease, recent findings indicate the occurrence of physiological tetrameric assemblies in healthy neurons in culture and in brain. Herein, the PD-associated neurotoxin paraquat reduced physiological tetramers and led to calpain-truncated monomers and an approximately 70-kDa apparent oligomer different in size from physiological αS multimers. These truncated and oligomeric forms could also be generated by calpain cleavage of pure, recombinant human αS in vitro. Moreover, they were detected in the brains of tetramer-abrogating, E46K-amplified (3K) mice that model PD. These results indicate that paraquat triggers membrane damage and aberrant calpain activity that can induce a pathologic shift of tetramers toward an excess of full-length and truncated monomers, the accumulation of αS oligomers, and insoluble cytoplasmic αS puncta. The findings suggest that an environmental precipitant of PD can alter αS tetramer/monomer equilibrium, as already shown for several genetically caused forms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wang Z, Cui Y, Wen L, Yu H, Feng J, Yuan W, He X. Dietary Restriction against Parkinson's Disease: What We Know So Far. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194108. [PMID: 36235760 PMCID: PMC9571011 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is defined as a moderate reduction in food intake while avoiding malnutrition. The beneficial effects of DR are being increasingly acknowledged in aging and in a series of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, for example, Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, the pathogenesis of PD remains elusive and there is no cure for it in spite of intensive research over decades. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the efficacy of DR on PD, focusing on the underlying mechanisms involving general metabolism, neuroendocrinolgy, neuroinflammation, gut microbiome, and so on. We anticipate that this review will provide future perspectives for PD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yueran Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Lulu Wen
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-024-8328-3360 (W.Y.); +86-024-96615-28111 (X.H.)
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-024-8328-3360 (W.Y.); +86-024-96615-28111 (X.H.)
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Hu Q, Hong M, Huang M, Gong Q, Zhang X, Uversky VN, Pan-Montojo F, Huang T, Zhou H, Zhu S. Age-dependent aggregation of α-synuclein in the nervous system of gut-brain axis is associated with caspase-1 activation. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1669-1681. [PMID: 35089485 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) plays a key role in the development of Parkinson' desease (PD). As aging is acknowledged to be the greatest risk factor for PD, here we investigated α-Syn expression in the ileum, thoracic spinal cord, and midbrain of young (1-month-old), middle-aged (6-, 12-month-old) to old (18-month-old) mice. We demonstrated that both the levels of α-Syn monomers, oligomers and ratios of oligomers to monomers were increased with aging in the ileum, thoracic spinal cord, and midbrain. Whereas, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis, was decreased with aging in the midbrain. We failed to find corresponding α-Syn mRNA increase with aging. However, we found an increased expression of caspase-1 in the ileum, thoracic spinal cord, and midbrain. A specific caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 significantly reduced levels of both the α-Syn monomers and oligomers triggered by the rotenone in vitro. Taken together, the increase in α-Syn aggregation with aging might not occur first in the gut, but simultaneously in the nervous system of gut-brain axis. The mechanism of the age-dependent aggregation of α-Syn in nervous system is likely triggered by the aging-related caspase-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Department of General Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434023, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changhang General Hospital, Wuhan, 430015, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyang Huang
- Department of Cardiac Function, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, 430345, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434023, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia
| | - Francisco Pan-Montojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum Der Ludwig-Maximilian Universität, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Teng Huang
- Department of General Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Honglian Zhou
- Department of General Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
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Hassen GW, Kesner L, Stracher A, Shulman A, Rockenstein E, Mante M, Adame A, Overk C, Rissman RA, Masliah E. Effects of Novel Calpain Inhibitors in Transgenic Animal Model of Parkinson's disease/dementia with Lewy bodies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18083. [PMID: 30591714 PMCID: PMC6308237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are neurodegenerative disorders of the aging population characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn). The mechanisms triggering α-syn toxicity are not completely understood, however, c-terminus truncation of α-syn by proteases such as calpain may have a role. Therefore, inhibition of calpain may be of value. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemically administered novel low molecular weight calpain inhibitors on α-syn pathology in a transgenic mouse model. For this purpose, non-tg and α-syn tg mice received the calpain inhibitors - Gabadur, Neurodur or a vehicle, twice a day for 30 days. Immunocytochemical analysis showed a 60% reduction in α-syn deposition using Gabadur and a 40% reduction using Neurodur with a concomitant reduction in c-terminus α-syn and improvements in neurodegeneration. Western blot analysis showed a 77% decrease in α-spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs) SBDPs with Gabadur and 63% reduction using Neurodur. There was a 65% reduction in the active calpain form with Gabadur and a 45% reduction with Neurodur. Moreover, treatment with calpain inhibitors improved activity performance of the α-syn tg mice. Taken together, this study suggests that calpain inhibition might be considered in the treatment of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getaw Worku Hassen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Medical College, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, USA
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Leo Kesner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Medical College, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, USA
| | - Alfred Stracher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Medical College, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, USA
| | - Abraham Shulman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0624, USA.
- Division of Neurosciences and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Ma L, Yang C, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang S, Zheng L, Huang K. C-terminal truncation exacerbates the aggregation and cytotoxicity of α-Synuclein: A vicious cycle in Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3714-3725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Nuber S, Rajsombath M, Minakaki G, Winkler J, Müller CP, Ericsson M, Caldarone B, Dettmer U, Selkoe DJ. Abrogating Native α-Synuclein Tetramers in Mice Causes a L-DOPA-Responsive Motor Syndrome Closely Resembling Parkinson's Disease. Neuron 2018; 100:75-90.e5. [PMID: 30308173 PMCID: PMC6211795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) regulates vesicle exocytosis but forms insoluble deposits in Parkinson's disease (PD). Developing disease-modifying therapies requires animal models that reproduce cardinal features of PD. We recently described a previously unrecognized physiological form of αS, α-helical tetramers, and showed that familial PD-causing missense mutations shift tetramers to aggregation-prone monomers. Here, we generated mice expressing the fPD E46K mutation plus 2 homologous E→K mutations in adjacent KTKEGV motifs. This tetramer-abrogating mutant causes phenotypes similar to PD. αS monomers accumulate at membranes and form vesicle-rich inclusions. αS becomes insoluble, proteinase K-resistant, Ser129-phosphorylated, and C-terminally truncated, as in PD. These changes affect regions controlling motor behavior, including a decrease in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. The outcome is a progressive motor syndrome including tremor and gait and limb deficits partially responsive to L-DOPA. This fully penetrant phenotype indicates that tetramers are required for normal αS homeostasis and that chronically shifting tetramers to monomers may result in PD, with attendant therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Molly Rajsombath
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Georgia Minakaki
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barbara Caldarone
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; NeuroBehavior Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Across all kingdoms in the tree of life, calcium (Ca2+) is an essential element used by cells to respond and adapt to constantly changing environments. In multicellular organisms, it plays fundamental roles during fertilization, development and adulthood. The inability of cells to regulate Ca2+ can lead to pathological conditions that ultimately culminate in cell death. One such pathological condition is manifested in Parkinson's disease, the second most common neurological disorder in humans, which is characterized by the aggregation of the protein, α-synuclein. This Review discusses current evidence that implicates Ca2+ in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Understanding the mechanisms by which Ca2+ signaling contributes to the progression of this disease will be crucial for the development of effective therapies to combat this devastating neurological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia V Zaichick
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M McGrath
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gabriela Caraveo
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Brucella Melitensis 16M Regulates the Effect of AIR Domain on Inflammatory Factors, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Mouse Macrophage through the ROS Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167486. [PMID: 27907115 PMCID: PMC5132199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by Brucella. Brucella can invade and persist inside host cells, which results in chronic infection. We constructed AIR interference and overexpression lentiviruses to acquire AIR interference, overexpression, and rescue stable expression cell lines. We also established a Brucella melitensis 16M-infected macrophage model, which was treated with either the vehicle control or NAC (ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Confocal laser microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, ELISA, and Western blot were used to detect inflammation, cell autophagy and apoptosis-related protein expression levels, ROS levels, and the distribution of mitochondria. It was found that after interference and overexpression of AIR, ROS release was significantly changed, and mitochondria became abnormally aggregated. B. melitensis 16M activated the NLRP3/AIM2 inflammatory complex, and induced RAW264.7 cells to secrete IL-1β and IL-18 through the ROS pathway. B. melitensis 16M also altered autophagy-related gene expression, increased autophagy activity, and induced cell apoptosis through the ROS pathway. The results showed that after B. melitensis 16M infection, ROS induced apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy while AIR inhibited autophagosome maturation and autophagy initiation. Autophagy negatively regulated the activation of inflammasomes and prevented inflammation from occurring. In addition, mitophagy could promote cell apoptosis.
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