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Reed JM, Wolfe BE, Romero LM. Is resilience a unifying concept for the biological sciences? iScience 2024; 27:109478. [PMID: 38660410 PMCID: PMC11039332 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in applying resilience concepts at different scales of biological organization to address major interdisciplinary challenges from cancer to climate change. It is unclear, however, whether resilience can be a unifying concept consistently applied across the breadth of the biological sciences, or whether there is limited capacity for integration. In this review, we draw on literature from molecular biology to community ecology to ascertain commonalities and shortcomings in how resilience is measured and interpreted. Resilience is studied at all levels of biological organization, although the term is often not used. There is a suite of resilience mechanisms conserved across biological scales, and there are tradeoffs that affect resilience. Resilience is conceptually useful to help diverse researchers think about how biological systems respond to perturbations, but we need a richer lexicon to describe the diversity of perturbations, and we lack widely applicable metrics of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Michael Reed
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford 02155, MA, USA
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2
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Silliman BR, Hensel MJS, Gibert JP, Daleo P, Smith CS, Wieczynski DJ, Angelini C, Paxton AB, Adler AM, Zhang YS, Altieri AH, Palmer TM, Jones HP, Gittman RK, Griffin JN, O'Connor MI, van de Koppel J, Poulsen JR, Rietkerk M, He Q, Bertness MD, van der Heide T, Valdez SR. Harnessing ecological theory to enhance ecosystem restoration. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R418-R434. [PMID: 38714175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Ecosystem restoration can increase the health and resilience of nature and humanity. As a result, the international community is championing habitat restoration as a primary solution to address the dual climate and biodiversity crises. Yet most ecosystem restoration efforts to date have underperformed, failed, or been burdened by high costs that prevent upscaling. To become a primary, scalable conservation strategy, restoration efficiency and success must increase dramatically. Here, we outline how integrating ten foundational ecological theories that have not previously received much attention - from hierarchical facilitation to macroecology - into ecosystem restoration planning and management can markedly enhance restoration success. We propose a simple, systematic approach to determining which theories best align with restoration goals and are most likely to bolster their success. Armed with a century of advances in ecological theory, restoration practitioners will be better positioned to more cost-efficiently and effectively rebuild the world's ecosystems and support the resilience of our natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Silliman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
| | - Marc J S Hensel
- Biological Sciences Department, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA; Nature Coast Biological Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL 32625, USA
| | - Jean P Gibert
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carter S Smith
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | | | - Christine Angelini
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Avery B Paxton
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Alyssa M Adler
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Y Stacy Zhang
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Andrew H Altieri
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Todd M Palmer
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Holly P Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Rachel K Gittman
- Department of Biology and Coastal Studies Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - John N Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6R 1W4, Canada
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands; Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John R Poulsen
- The Nature Conservancy, 2424 Spruce Street, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, PO Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Max Rietkerk
- Department Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Qiang He
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Mark D Bertness
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 90 Witman Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg, The Netherlands; Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie R Valdez
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
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Yang K, Wang SX, Lu W. Differential effects of ocean warming and BDE-47 on mussels with various personalities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123358. [PMID: 38242302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Marine warming and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) pollution are two of the most concerning environmental problems in recent years. However, the impact of their co-occurrence on marine bivalves and the tolerance of bivalves with different traits remain unknown. In this study, thick shell mussels Mytilus coruscus were divided into two personalities according to individual feeding and byssus growth. The reliability of the classification was validated by respiration, self-organization, and post-stress behavior. Then, the survival rate, hemolymph immunity, and digestive glands oxidase activity of classified mussels were evaluated after 21 days of compound exposure to warming and BDE-47. The results showed that mussels could be divided into proactive and reactive types consistently. Compared to reactive mussels, proactive mussels exhibited some traits, such as faster food recovery, more byssus growth, higher metabolic rate, and more efficient clustering. Both single or combined warming and BDE-47 exposure impacted the individual survival, hemolymph, and antioxidase of mussels. Notably, the negative impacts of BDE-47 were exacerbated by warming. Moreover, proactive mussels displayed better adaptability with higher survival rates along with less damage to hemolymph immunity and antioxidant ability compared to reactive ones when facing environmental challenges. This study highlights potential risks associated with the coexistence of marine warming and PBDEs pollution while demonstrating differential fitness among individuals with distinct personalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shi Xiu Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Zardi GI, Nicastro KR, Truong SL, Decorse P, Nozak S, Chevillot-Biraud A, Froneman PW, Akoueson F, Duflos G, Seuront L. Microplastic leachates inhibit small-scale self-organization in mussel beds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169816. [PMID: 38181965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Self-organized spatial patterns are increasingly recognized for their contribution to ecosystem functioning. They can improve the ecosystem's ability to respond to perturbation and thus increase its resilience to environmental stress. Plastic pollution has now emerged as major threat to aquatic and terrestrial biota. Under laboratory conditions, we tested whether plastic leachates from pellets collected in the intertidal can impair small-scale, spatial self-organization and byssal threads production of intertidal mussels and whether the effect varied depending on where the pellets come from. Specifically, leachates originating from plastic pellets collected from relatively pristine and polluted areas respectively impaired and inhibited the ability of mussels to self-organize at small-scale and to produce byssal threads compared to control conditions (i.e., seawater without leaching solution). Limitations to natural self-organizing processes and threads formation may translate to a declined capacity of natural ecosystems to avoid tipping points and to a reduced restoration success of disturbed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo I Zardi
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 8067 BOREA (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, IRD-207), 14000 Caen, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; CCMAR-CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; CCMAR-CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 LOG, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Stéphanie Lau Truong
- Laboratoire ITODYS CNRS UMR7086, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 75205, France
| | - Philippe Decorse
- Laboratoire ITODYS CNRS UMR7086, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 75205, France
| | - Sophie Nozak
- Laboratoire ITODYS CNRS UMR7086, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 75205, France
| | | | | | - Fleurine Akoueson
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, EA 7394, Institut Charles Viollette, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Uni. Liège, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France; ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 LOG, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Cozzolino L, Nicastro KR, Hubbard PC, Seuront L, McQuaid CD, Zardi GI. Intraspecific genetic lineages of a marine mussel show behavioural divergence when exposed to microplastic leachates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122779. [PMID: 37863252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, microplastic pollution has numerous negative implications for marine biota, exacerbating the effects of other forms of global anthropogenic disturbance. Mounting evidence shows that microplastics (MPs) not only cause physical damage through their ingestion, but also act as vectors for hazardous compounds by leaching absorbed and adsorbed chemicals. Research on the effects of plastic pollution has, however, largely assumed that species respond uniformly, while ignoring intraspecific diversity (i.e., variation within a single species). We investigated the effects of plastic leachates derived from factory-fresh (virgin) and beached microplastics on the behavioural responses of two genetic lineages of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Through laboratory behavioural experiments, we found that during exposure to leachates from beached microplastics (beached MPLs), Atlantic specimens moved significantly less than Mediterranean individuals in terms of both (i) proportion of individuals responding through movement and (ii) net and gross distances crawled. In contrast, no significant intraspecific differences were observed in the behaviour of either adults or recruits when exposed to MPLs from virgin microplastics (virgin MPLs). Additionally, the reception of cues from three amino acids (L-cysteine, proline and L-leucine) at increasing concentrations (10-5 M to 10-3 M in charcoal-filtered seawater) was tested by electrophysiological analysis using mussels exposed to beached MPLs or control seawater. We found significant intraspecific differences in response to 10-3 M L-cysteine (regardless of treatment) and 10-4 M L-cysteine (in mussels exposed to beached MPLs) and to 10-3 M proline (in mussels exposed to beached MPLs) and 10-5 M L-leucine. Our study suggests that intraspecific variation in a marine mussel may prompt different responses to plastic pollution, potentially triggered by local adaptation and physiological variability between lineages. Our work highlights the importance of assessing the effects of intraspecific variation, especially in environmental sentinel species as this level of diversity could modulate responses to plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cozzolino
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Peter C Hubbard
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108- 8477, Japan
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 8067 BOREA (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, IRD-207), CS 14032, 14000, Caen, France
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Temmink RJM, Angelini C, Verkuijl M, van der Heide T. Restoration ecology meets design-engineering: Mimicking emergent traits to restore feedback-driven ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166460. [PMID: 37611724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems shaped by habitat-modifying organisms such as reefs, vegetated coastal systems and peatlands, provide valuable ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and coastal protection. However, they are declining worldwide. Ecosystem restoration is a key tool for mitigating these losses but has proven failure-prone, because ecosystem stability often hinges on self-facilitation generated by emergent traits from habitat modifiers. Emergent traits are not expressed by the single individual, but emerge at the level of an aggregation: a minimum patch-size or density-threshold must be exceeded to generate self-facilitation. Self-facilitation has been successfully harnessed for restoration by clumping transplanted organisms, but requires large amounts of often-limiting and costly donor material. Recent advancements highlight that kickstarting self-facilitation by mimicking emergent traits can similarly increase restoration success. Here, we provide a framework for combining expertise from ecologists, engineers and industrial product designers to transition from trial-and-error to emergent trait design-based, cost-efficient approaches to support large-scale restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J M Temmink
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Christine Angelini
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School for Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, PO Box 116580, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Martijn Verkuijl
- Department of Industrial Design Engineering, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Koestraat 3, 8011NG Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
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Phase-separation physics underlies new theory for the resilience of patchy ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2202683120. [PMID: 36595670 PMCID: PMC9926271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202683120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial self-organization of ecosystems into large-scale (from micron to meters) patterns is an important phenomenon in ecology, enabling organisms to cope with harsh environmental conditions and buffering ecosystem degradation. Scale-dependent feedbacks provide the predominant conceptual framework for self-organized spatial patterns, explaining regular patterns observed in, e.g., arid ecosystems or mussel beds. Here, we highlight an alternative mechanism for self-organized patterns, based on the aggregation of a biotic or abiotic species, such as herbivores, sediment, or nutrients. Using a generalized mathematical model, we demonstrate that ecosystems with aggregation-driven patterns have fundamentally different dynamics and resilience properties than ecosystems with patterns that formed through scale-dependent feedbacks. Building on the physics theory for phase-separation dynamics, we show that patchy ecosystems with aggregation patterns are more vulnerable than systems with patterns formed through scale-dependent feedbacks, especially at small spatial scales. This is because local disturbances can trigger large-scale redistribution of resources, amplifying local degradation. Finally, we show that insights from physics, by providing mechanistic understanding of the initiation of aggregation patterns and their tendency to coarsen, provide a new indicator framework to signal proximity to ecological tipping points and subsequent ecosystem degradation for this class of patchy ecosystems.
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Zaytseva S, Shaw LB, Shi J, Kirwan ML, Lipcius RN. Pattern formation in marsh ecosystems modeled through the interaction of marsh vegetation, mussels and sediment. J Theor Biol 2022; 543:111102. [PMID: 35341780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spatial self-organization, a common feature of multi-species communities, can provide important insights into ecosystem structure and resilience. As environmental conditions gradually worsen (e.g., resource depletion, erosion intensified by storms, drought), some ecological systems collapse to an irreversible state once a tipping point is reached. Spatial patterning may be one way for them to cope with such changes. We use a mathematical model to describe self-organization of an eroding marsh shoreline based on three-way interactions between sediment volume and two ecosystem engineers - smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora and ribbed mussels Geukensia demissa. Our model indicates that scale-dependent interactions between multiple ecosystem engineers drive the self-organization of eroding marsh edges and regulate the spatial scale of shoreline morphology. Spatial self-organization of the marsh edge increases the system's productivity, allows it to withstand erosion, and delays degradation that otherwise would occur in the absence of strong species interactions. Further, changes in wavelength and variance of the spatial patterns give insight into marsh recession. Finally, we find that the presence of mussels in the system modulates the spatial scale of the patterns, generates patterns with shorter wavelengths, and allows the system to tolerate a greater level of erosion. Although previous studies suggest that self-organization can emerge from local interactions and can result in increased ecosystem persistence and stability in various ecosystems, our findings extend these concepts to coastal salt marshes, emphasizing the importance of the ecosystem engineers, smooth cordgrass and ribbed mussels, and demonstrating the potential value of self-organization for ecosystem management and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Zaytseva
- Department of Mathematics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Leah B Shaw
- Department of Mathematics, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Mathematics, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA
| | - Matthew L Kirwan
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - Romuald N Lipcius
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
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Sundaram M, Steiner E, Gordon DM. Rainfall, neighbors, and foraging: The dynamics of a population of red harvester ant colonies 1988‐2019. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Steiner
- Center for Spatial and Textual Analysis Stanford University Stanford CA
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10
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Ge Z, Liu QX. Foraging behaviours lead to spatiotemporal self-similar dynamics in grazing ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:378-390. [PMID: 34808693 PMCID: PMC9299242 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological behaviour‐driven self‐organized patterns have recently been confirmed to play a key role in ecosystem functioning. Here, we develop a theoretical phase‐separation model to describe spatiotemporal self‐similar dynamics, which is a consequence of behaviour‐driven trophic interactions in short‐time scales. Our framework integrates scale‐dependent feedback and density‐dependent movement into grazing ecosystems. This model derives six types of selective foraging behaviours that trigger pattern formation for top‐down grazing ecosystems, and one of which is consistent with existing foraging theories. Self‐organized patterns nucleate under moderate grazing intensity and are destroyed by overgrazing, which suggests ecosystem degradation. Theoretical results qualitatively agree with observed grazing ecosystems that display spatial heterogeneities under variable grazing intensity. Our findings potentially provide new insights into self‐organized patterns as an indicator of ecosystem transitions under a stressful environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Ge
- Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Huang H, Xu C, Liu Q. ‘Social distancing’ between plants may amplify coastal restoration at early stage. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Quan‐Xing Liu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research and Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting East China Normal University Shanghai P.R. China
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12
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Alder A, Jeffs AG, Hillman JR. The importance of stock selection for improving transplantation efficiency. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Al Alder
- Institute of Marine Science Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland 160 Goat Island RD Leigh 0985 New Zealand
| | - Andrew G. Jeffs
- Institute of Marine Science Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland 160 Goat Island RD Leigh 0985 New Zealand
| | - Jenny R. Hillman
- Institute of Marine Science Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland 160 Goat Island RD Leigh 0985 New Zealand
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13
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Zardi GI, Nicastro KR, McQuaid CD, de Jager M, van de Koppel J, Seuront L. Density-Dependent and Species-Specific Effects on Self-Organization Modulate the Resistance of Mussel Bed Ecosystems to Hydrodynamic Stress. Am Nat 2021; 197:615-623. [PMID: 33908830 DOI: 10.1086/713738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSelf-organized, regular spatial patterns emerging from local interactions among individuals enhance the ability of ecosystems to respond to environmental disturbances. Mussels self-organize to form large, regularly patterned biogenic structures that modify the biotic and abiotic environment and provide numerous ecosystem functions and services. We used two mussel species that form monospecific and mixed beds to investigate how species-specific behavior affects self-organization and resistance to wave stress. Perna perna has strong attachment but low motility, while Mytilus galloprovincialis shows the reverse. At low density, the less motile P. perna has limited spatial self-organization compared with M. galloprovincialis, while when coexisting, the two species formed random spatial patterns. At high density, the two species self-organized in similar ways, while when coexisting, patterns were less strong. Spatial pattern formations significantly shaped resistance to hydrodynamic stress. At low density, P. perna beds with strong attachment and M. galloprovincialis beds with strong spatial organization showed higher retention rates than mixed beds. At high density, the presence of strongly attached P. perna significantly increased retention in mixed and P. perna beds compared with M. galloprovincialis beds. Our study emphasizes the importance of the interplay of species-specific behaviors to spatial self-organization and stress tolerance in natural communities.
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He J, Rindi L, Mintrone C, Benedetti‐Cecchi L. Exogenous disturbances and endogenous self‐organized processes are not mutually exclusive drivers of spatial patterns in macroalgal assemblages. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu He
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of Pisa, CoNISMa Pisa Italy
- Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean Univ., Zhoushan City Zhejiang China
| | - Luca Rindi
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of Pisa, CoNISMa Pisa Italy
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15
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Wu M, Wu P, He P, He N, Hu Y, Wang M, Wang Q, Zhang B, Zhang S, Fang S. Theory of scale-dependent feedback: An experimental validation and its significance for coastal saltmarsh restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143855. [PMID: 33257065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Theory of self-organization, i.e., scale-dependent feedback (SDF), has been widely used to explain mechanisms of spatial patterns in different ecosystems. Studies have demonstrated that self-organization is one of the mechanisms through which ecosystem resilience is maintained. However, the application of SDF in real ecological restoration practices is a challenge due to the lack of a controlled experimental validation. In the present study, multiple scales of vegetation patches were constructed along an elevation gradient in the saltmarsh ecosystem on Nanhui coasts and were investigated to verify if there was an effect of SDF. Results of the density-variation curves analyses revealed that most constructed self-organized patches could survive and an optimal curve was found of which the density-dependent feedback was proven through fitting with the asymptotic regression model. The large vegetation patches exhibited considerable increases in density when compared to the small vegetation patches, which occurred in challenging environments, i.e., on the verges of elevation thresholds, and with a tendency to shrink. Analyses using one-way ANOVA revealed that there was an optimal patch scale and elevation in the study area, i.e., 1 m × 1 m scale and 3.2 m, respectively. Optimal scale and elevation provide a comprehensively explanations of SDF, although with the positive effects gradually decreased along the distance away from the optimal condition. The present study provides novel insights on applying the theory of SDF in facilitating the restoration process of coastal saltmarshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Wu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Research Center of Water Environment & Ecological Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Pengling Wu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Research Center of Water Environment & Ecological Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Research Center of Water Environment & Ecological Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ning He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Maoqiu Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qinyi Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bolun Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shengle Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shubo Fang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Research Center of Water Environment & Ecological Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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16
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Zhao LX, Zhang K, Siteur K, Li XZ, Liu QX, van de Koppel J. Fairy circles reveal the resilience of self-organized salt marshes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/6/eabe1100. [PMID: 33547078 PMCID: PMC7864568 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterning is a fascinating theme in both theoretical and experimental ecology. It reveals resilience and stability to withstand external disturbances and environmental stresses. However, existing studies mainly focus on well-developed persistent patterns rather than transient patterns in self-organizing ecosystems. Here, combining models and experimental evidence, we show that transient fairy circle patterns in intertidal salt marshes can both infer the underlying ecological mechanisms and provide a measure of resilience. The models based on sulfide accumulation and nutrient depletion mechanisms reproduced the field-observed fairy circles, providing a generalized perspective on the emergence of transient patterns in salt marsh ecosystems. Field experiments showed that nitrogen fertilization mitigates depletion stress and shifts plant growth from negative to positive in the center of patches. Hence, nutrient depletion plays an overriding role, as only this process can explain the concentric rings. Our findings imply that the emergence of transient patterns can identify the ecological processes underlying pattern formation and the factors determining the ecological resilience of salt marsh ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration and Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration and Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Koen Siteur
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration and Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Yerseke 4401 NT, Netherlands
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration and Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, Shanghai, China
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Yerseke 4401 NT, Netherlands.
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 CC, Netherlands
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17
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Seuront L, Nicastro KR, McQuaid CD, Zardi GI. Microplastic leachates induce species-specific trait strengthening in intertidal mussels. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02222. [PMID: 32867006 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is ubiquitous with increasing recognition of its direct effects on species' fitness. Little is known, however, about its more subtle effects, including the influence of plastic pollution on the morphological, functional and behavioral traits of organisms that are central to their ability to withstand disturbances. Among the least obvious but most pernicious forms of plastic-associated pollution are the chemicals that leach from microplastics. Here, we investigate how such leachates influence species' traits by assessing functional trait compensation across four species of intertidal mussels, through investigations of byssal thread production, movement and aggregation behavior for mussels held in natural seawater or seawater contaminated by microplastic leachates. We found no evidence for compensation of functional traits, but for each species, microplastic leachates reinforced one trait while others remained unaffected. Two species (Perna perna and Mytilus galloprovincialis), were characterized by a resistance strategy to disturbance; they produced more byssal threads in microplastic leachate seawater than in control seawater, while motility and aggregation remained essentially unaffected. In contrast, the other two species (M. edulis and Choromytilus meridionalis), showed a resilience strategy to disturbance through increased motility and aggregation in leachate seawater, while byssal thread production remained unaffected. These results suggest that the competitive abilities of intertidal mussels may be related to their sensitivity to microplastic leachates or other chemical disturbance. Importantly, the trait strengthening observed will affect the ability of these mussels to form spatially patterned beds, with implications for their quality as autogenic ecological engineers or foundation species. Thus, our findings have implications for the ability of mussel beds to tolerate disturbance, and hence for central ecosystem services, such as their ability to support biodiversity and enhance secondary and tertiary production. The results suggest that an inconspicuous aspect of plastic pollution has the potential to influence other communities and ecosystems in powerful ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France
- Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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18
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Schotanus J, Walles B, Capelle JJ, Belzen J, Koppel J, Bouma TJ. Promoting self‐facilitating feedback processes in coastal ecosystem engineers to increase restoration success: Testing engineering measures. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jim Belzen
- Wageningen Marine Research Yerseke The Netherlands
| | - Johan Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchUtrecht University Yerseke The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- HZ University of Applied Sciences Vlissingen The Netherlands
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchUtrecht University Yerseke The Netherlands
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19
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Resilience Thinking as a System Approach to Promote China’s Sustainability Transitions. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban regeneration and rural revitalization are becoming major policy initiatives in China, which requires new approaches for sustainability transitions. This paper reviewed the history of policy reforms and institutional changes and analysed the main challenges to sustainability transitions in China. The urban-rural systems were defined as a complex dynamic social-ecological system based on resilience thinking and transition theory. The notions of adaptation and transformation were applied to compose a framework to coordinate “resilience” with “sustainability”. The findings indicate that China’s urbanization has experienced the conservative development of restructuring socio-economic and political systems (before 1984), the fast industrialization and economic development leaned to cities (1984 to 2002), the rapid urbanization led by land expropriation and investment expansion (2002 to 2012), and the quality development transformation equally in urban and rural areas (since 2012). The sustainability transitions have been challenged by controversial institutional arrangements, concerning population mobility control, unequal social welfare, and incomplete property rights. A series of policy interventions should be designed and implemented accordingly with joint efforts of multiple stakeholders and based on the combined technocratic and bottom-up knowledge derived from proactive and conscious individuals and collectives through context-dependent social networks.
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20
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Schotanus J, Capelle JJ, Paree E, Fivash GS, Koppel J, Bouma TJ. Restoring mussel beds in highly dynamic environments by lowering environmental stressors. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jildou Schotanus
- HZ University of Applied Sciences 4380 AJ Vlissingen The Netherlands
| | | | - Edwin Paree
- Rijkswaterstaat 4335 JA Middelburg The Netherlands
| | - Gregory S. Fivash
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University 4401 Northwest Territories Yerseke The Netherlands
| | - Johan Koppel
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University 4401 Northwest Territories Yerseke The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- HZ University of Applied Sciences 4380 AJ Vlissingen The Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University 4401 Northwest Territories Yerseke The Netherlands
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21
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Gagnon K, Rinde E, Bengil EGT, Carugati L, Christianen MJA, Danovaro R, Gambi C, Govers LL, Kipson S, Meysick L, Pajusalu L, Tüney Kızılkaya İ, Koppel J, Heide T, Katwijk MM, Boström C. Facilitating foundation species: The potential for plant–bivalve interactions to improve habitat restoration success. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gagnon
- Environmental and Marine Biology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Eli Rinde
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research Oslo Norway
| | - Elizabeth G. T. Bengil
- Mediterranean Conservation Society Izmir Turkey
- Girne American UniversityMarine School Girne TRNC via Turkey
| | - Laura Carugati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy
| | - Marjolijn J. A. Christianen
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples Italy
| | - Cristina Gambi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy
| | - Laura L. Govers
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Silvija Kipson
- Faculty of Science Department of Biology University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Lukas Meysick
- Environmental and Marine Biology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Liina Pajusalu
- Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Tallinn Estonia
| | - İnci Tüney Kızılkaya
- Mediterranean Conservation Society Izmir Turkey
- Faculty of Science Ege University Izmir Turkey
| | - Johan Koppel
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University Yerseke The Netherlands
| | - Tjisse Heide
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht University Den Burg The Netherlands
| | - Marieke M. Katwijk
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands
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22
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Zhao LX, Xu C, Ge ZM, van de Koppel J, Liu QX. The shaping role of self-organization: linking vegetation patterning, plant traits and ecosystem functioning. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20182859. [PMID: 30966990 PMCID: PMC6501680 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-organized spatial patterns are increasingly recognized for their contribution to ecosystem functioning, in terms of enhanced productivity, ecosystem stability, and species diversity in terrestrial as well as marine ecosystems. Most studies on the impact of spatial self-organization have focused on systems that exhibit regular patterns. However, there is an abundance of patterns in many ecosystems which are not strictly regular. Understanding of how these patterns are formed and how they affect ecosystem function is crucial for the broad acceptance of self-organization as a keystone process in ecological theory. Here, using transplantation experiments in salt marsh ecosystems dominated by Scirpus mariqueter, we demonstrate that scale-dependent feedback is driving irregular spatial pattern formation of vegetation. Field observations and experiments have revealed that this self-organization process affects a range of plant traits, including shoot-to-root ratio, rhizome orientation, rhizome node number, and rhizome length, and enhances vegetation productivity. Moreover, patchiness in self-organized salt marsh vegetation can support a better microhabitat for macrobenthos, promoting their total abundance and spatial heterogeneity of species richness. Our results extend existing concepts of self-organization and its effects on productivity and biodiversity to the spatial irregular patterns that are observed in many systems. Our work also helps to link between the so-far largely unconnected fields of self-organization theory and trait-based, functional ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Zhao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Xu
- 2 School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhen-Ming Ge
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- 3 Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems , Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke , The Netherlands
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China.,4 Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration & Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research , School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241 , People's Republic of China.,5 Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Science , East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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23
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Thomen P, Valentin JDP, Bitbol AF, Henry N. Spatiotemporal pattern formation in E. coli biofilms explained by a simple physical energy balance. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:494-504. [PMID: 31804652 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01375j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While the biofilm growth mode conveys notable thriving advantages to bacterial populations, the mechanisms of biofilm formation are still strongly debated. Here, we investigate the remarkable spontaneous formation of regular spatial patterns during the growth of an Escherichia coli biofilm. These patterns reported here appear with non-motile bacteria, which excludes both chemotactic origins and other motility-based ones. We demonstrate that a minimal physical model based on phase separation describes them well. To confirm the predictive capacity of our model, we tune the cell-cell and cell-surface interactions using cells expressing different surface appendages. We further explain how F pilus-bearing cells enroll their wild type kindred, poorly piliated, into their typical pattern when mixed together. This work supports the hypothesis that purely physicochemical processes, such as the interplay of cell-cell and cell-surface interactions, can drive the emergence of a highly organized spatial structure that is potentially decisive for community fate and for biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Thomen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Jean Perrin (UMR 8237), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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24
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Bertolini C, Cornelissen B, Capelle J, van de Koppel J, Bouma TJ. Putting self‐organization to the test: labyrinthine patterns as optimal solution for persistence. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bertolini
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Brenda Cornelissen
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
- HAS Hogeschool, Univ. of Applied Sciences, ‘s Hertogenbosch the Netherlands
| | - Jacob Capelle
- Wageningen Univ. and Research – Wageningen Marine Research Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
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25
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Reijers VC, Akker M, Cruijsen PMJM, Lamers LPM, Heide T. Intraspecific facilitation explains the persistence of
Phragmites australis
in modified coastal wetlands. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie C. Reijers
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology Faculty of Science Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Akker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology Faculty of Science Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. J. M. Cruijsen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology Faculty of Science Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Leon P. M. Lamers
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology Faculty of Science Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Tjisse Heide
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology Faculty of Science Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen 9700 CC The Netherlands
- Department Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University Den Burg 1790 AB The Netherlands
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26
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Coppa S, Quattrocchi G, Cucco A, de Lucia GA, Vencato S, Camedda A, Domenici P, Conforti A, Satta A, Tonielli R, Bressan M, Massaro G, Falco GD. Self-organisation in striped seagrass meadows affects the distributional pattern of the sessile bivalve Pinna nobilis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7220. [PMID: 31076581 PMCID: PMC6510729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Striped seagrass meadows are formed by narrow ribbons which are elevated over the seabed and separated by channels. Limited information on the genesis and development of this morphological pattern, including the adaptive responses of associated biota, is preventing holistic insight into the functioning of such protected ecosystems. This paper assessed the structural dynamics of a Posidonia oceanica striped meadow and the distribution and 3D orientation of the associated bivalve Pinna nobilis. Our analysis of the interaction between bedforms, bottom currents, and the distribution of P. nobilis revealed that the striped seascape is the result of a self-organisation process driven by feedback interactions among seagrass growth, sediment deposition, and hydrodynamics. The results suggest that the ribbon wall is the most suitable sub-habitat for this species, because it supports the highest density of P. nobilis, compared to the meadow top and bottom. Here, specimens can take advantage of the resuspension induced by hydrodynamics and open their shells towards the current, thus enhancing food intake. Therefore, our results show that self-organisation in striped seagrass meadow affects the distributional pattern of P. nobilis, providing new insights into the autoecology of this species beyond the conservation implications for its habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Coppa
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IAS - Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Quattrocchi
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IAS - Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Andrea Cucco
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IAS - Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andrea de Lucia
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IAS - Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Sara Vencato
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Biologia, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Camedda
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IAS - Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IAS - Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IAS - Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Andrea Satta
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IAS - Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Renato Tonielli
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISMAR - Istituto di Scienze Marine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Monica Bressan
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Biologia, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Massaro
- Area marina protetta "Penisola del Sinis-Isola di Mal di Ventre", Cabras, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Falco
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IAS - Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
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27
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Madin EMP, Precoda K, Harborne AR, Atwood TB, Roelfsema CM, Luiz OJ. Multi-Trophic Species Interactions Shape Seascape-Scale Coral Reef Vegetation Patterns. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Bennett JJR, Sherratt JA. Large scale patterns in mussel beds: stripes or spots? J Math Biol 2019; 78:815-835. [PMID: 30187225 PMCID: PMC6510835 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-018-1293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An aerial view of an intertidal mussel bed often reveals large scale striped patterns aligned perpendicular to the direction of the tide; dense bands of mussels alternate periodically with near bare sediment. Experimental work led to the formulation of a set of coupled partial differential equations modelling a mussel-algae interaction, which proved pivotal in explaining the phenomenon. The key class of model solutions to consider are one-dimensional periodic travelling waves (wavetrains) that encapsulate the abundance of peak and trough mussel densities observed in practice. These solutions may, or may not, be stable to small perturbations, and previous work has focused on determining the ecologically relevant (stable) wavetrain solutions in terms of model parameters. The aim of this paper is to extend this analysis to two space dimensions by considering the full stripe pattern solution in order to study the effect of transverse two-dimensional perturbations-a more true to life problem. Using numerical continuation techniques, we find that some striped patterns that were previously deemed stable via the consideration of the associated wavetrain solution, are in fact unstable to transverse two-dimensional perturbations; and numerical simulation of the model shows that they break up to form regular spotted patterns. In particular, we show that break up of stripes into spots is a consequence of low tidal flow rates. Our consideration of random algal movement via a dispersal term allows us to show that a higher algal dispersal rate facilitates the formation of stripes at lower flow rates, but also encourages their break up into spots. We identify a novel hysteresis effect in mussel beds that is a consequence of transverse perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J. R. Bennett
- Department of Mathematics and Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Jonathan A. Sherratt
- Department of Mathematics and Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
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Regular patterns link individual behavior to population persistence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:7747-7749. [PMID: 28696324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1709063114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Miller LP, Dowd WW. Multimodal in situ datalogging quantifies inter-individual variation in thermal experience and persistent origin effects on gaping behavior among intertidal mussels (Mytilus californianus). J Exp Biol 2017; 220:4305-4319. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.164020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In complex habitats, environmental variation over small spatial scales can equal or exceed larger-scale gradients. This small-scale variation may allow motile organisms to mitigate stressful conditions by choosing benign microhabitats, whereas sessile organisms may rely on other behaviors to cope with environmental stresses in these variable environments. We developed a monitoring system to track body temperature, valve gaping behavior, and posture of individual mussels (Mytilus californianus) in field conditions in the rocky intertidal zone. Neighboring mussels’ body temperatures varied by up to 14°C during low tides. Valve gaping during low tide and postural adjustments, which could theoretically lower body temperature, were not commonly observed. Rather, gaping behavior followed a tidal rhythm at a warm, high intertidal site; this rhythm shifted to a circadian period at a low intertidal site and for mussels continuously submerged in a tidepool. However, individuals within a site varied considerably in time spent gaping when submerged. This behavioral variation could be attributed in part to persistent effects of mussels’ developmental environment. Mussels originating from a wave-protected, warm site gaped more widely, and they remained open for longer periods during high tide than mussels from a wave-exposed, cool site. Variation in behavior was modulated further by recent wave heights and body temperatures during the preceding low tide. These large ranges in body temperatures and durations of valve closure events – which coincide with anaerobic metabolism – support the conclusion that individuals experience “homogeneous” aggregations such as mussel beds in dramatically different fashion, ultimately contributing to physiological variation among neighbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke P. Miller
- San Jose State University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - W. Wesley Dowd
- Loyola Marymount University, Department of Biology, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
- Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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