1
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Saito S. Unraveling the dynamic slowdown in supercooled water: The role of dynamic disorder in jump motions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:194506. [PMID: 38767263 DOI: 10.1063/5.0209713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
When a liquid is rapidly cooled below its melting point without inducing crystallization, its dynamics slow down significantly without noticeable structural changes. Elucidating the origin of this slowdown has been a long-standing challenge. Here, we report a theoretical investigation into the mechanism of the dynamic slowdown in supercooled water, a ubiquitous yet extraordinary substance characterized by various anomalous properties arising from local density fluctuations. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we found that the jump dynamics, which are elementary structural change processes, deviate from Poisson statistics with decreasing temperature. This deviation is attributed to slow variables competing with the jump motions, i.e., dynamic disorder. The present analysis of the dynamic disorder showed that the primary slow variable is the displacement of the fourth nearest oxygen atom of a jumping molecule, which occurs in an environment created by the fluctuations of molecules outside the first hydration shell. As the temperature decreases, the jump dynamics become slow and intermittent. These intermittent dynamics are attributed to the prolonged trapping of jumping molecules within extended and stable low-density domains. As the temperature continues to decrease, the number of slow variables increases due to the increased cooperative motions. Consequently, the jump dynamics proceed in a higher-dimensional space consisting of multiple slow variables, becoming slower and more intermittent. It is then conceivable that with further decreasing temperature, the slowing and intermittency of the jump dynamics intensify, eventually culminating in a glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Saito
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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2
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Olgenblum GI, Hutcheson BO, Pielak GJ, Harries D. Protecting Proteins from Desiccation Stress Using Molecular Glasses and Gels. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5668-5694. [PMID: 38635951 PMCID: PMC11082905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Faced with desiccation stress, many organisms deploy strategies to maintain the integrity of their cellular components. Amorphous glassy media composed of small molecular solutes or protein gels present general strategies for protecting against drying. We review these strategies and the proposed molecular mechanisms to explain protein protection in a vitreous matrix under conditions of low hydration. We also describe efforts to exploit similar strategies in technological applications for protecting proteins in dry or highly desiccated states. Finally, we outline open questions and possibilities for future explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil I. Olgenblum
- Institute
of Chemistry, Fritz Haber Research Center, and The Harvey M. Krueger
Family Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Brent O. Hutcheson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gary J. Pielak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Integrated
Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, Lineberger Comprehensive
Cancer Center, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Daniel Harries
- Institute
of Chemistry, Fritz Haber Research Center, and The Harvey M. Krueger
Family Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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3
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Muthachikavil AV, Sun G, Peng B, Tanaka H, Kontogeorgis GM, Liang X. Unraveling thermodynamic anomalies of water: A molecular simulation approach to probe the two-state theory with atomistic and coarse-grained water models. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:154505. [PMID: 38624123 DOI: 10.1063/5.0194036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies of water play a crucial role in supporting life on our planet. The two-state theory attributes these anomalies to a dynamic equilibrium between locally favored tetrahedral structures (LFTSs) and disordered normal liquid structures. This theory provides a straightforward, phenomenological explanation for water's unique thermodynamic and dynamic characteristics. To validate this two-state feature, it is critical to unequivocally identify these structural motifs in a dynamically fluctuating disordered liquid. In this study, we employ a recently introduced structural parameter (θavg) that characterizes the local angular order within the first coordination shell to identify these LFTSs through molecular dynamics simulations. We employ both realistic water models with a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) and a coarse-grained water model without an LLCP to study water's anomalies in low-pressure regions below 2 kbar. The two-state theory consistently describes water's thermodynamic anomalies in these models, both with and without an LLCP. This suggests that the anomalies predominantly result from the two-state features rather than criticality, particularly within experimentally accessible temperature-pressure regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin V Muthachikavil
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Energy Resources Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Physics, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baoliang Peng
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development (RIPED), PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Georgios M Kontogeorgis
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Energy Resources Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Energy Resources Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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4
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Bachler J, Daidone I, Zanetti-Polzi L, Loerting T. Tuning the low-temperature phase behavior of aqueous ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9741-9753. [PMID: 38470827 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Water's anomalous behavior is often explained using a two-liquid model, where two types of water, high-density liquid (HDL) and low-density liquid (LDL), can be separated via a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) at low temperature. Mixtures of water and the ionic liquid hydrazinium trifluoroacetate were suggested to also show an LLPT but with the advantage that there is no rapid ice crystallization hampering its observation. It remains controversial whether these solutions exhibit an LLPT or are instead associated with complex phase separation phenomena. We here show detailed low-temperature calorimetry and diffraction experiments on aqueous solutions containing hydrazinium trifluoroacetate and other similar ionic liquids, all at a solute mole fraction of x = 0.175. Hydrazinium trifluoroacetate, ammonium trifluoroacetate, ethylammonium trifluoroacetate and hydrazinium pentafluoropropionate all boast exothermic transitions unrelated to crystallization as well as remarkable structural changes upon cooling into the glassy state. We propose a model inspired by micelle formation and decomposition in surfactant solutions, which is complemented by MD simulations and allows rationalizing the rich phase behavior of our mixtures during cooling. The fundamental aspect of the model is the hydrophobic nature of fluorinated anions that enables aggregation, which is reversed upon cooling and culminates in the remarkable exothermic first-order transition observed at low temperature. That is, we assign the first-order transition not to an LLPT but to phase-separations similar to the ones when falling below the Krafft temperature. All other solutions merely show simple vitrification behavior. Still, they exhibit distinct differences in liquid fragility, which is decreased continuously with decreasing hydrophobicity of the anions. This might enable the systematic tuning of ionic liquids with the goal of designing aqueous solutions of specific fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bachler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Isabella Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67010, Italy
| | | | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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5
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Maturi F, Raposo Filho RS, Brites CDS, Fan J, He R, Zhuang B, Liu X, Carlos LD. Deciphering Density Fluctuations in the Hydration Water of Brownian Nanoparticles via Upconversion Thermometry. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2606-2615. [PMID: 38420927 PMCID: PMC10926164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the intricate relationship among temperature, pH, and Brownian velocity in a range of differently sized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) dispersed in water. These UCNPs, acting as nanorulers, offer insights into assessing the relative proportion of high-density and low-density liquid in the surrounding hydration water. The study reveals a size-dependent reduction in the onset temperature of liquid-water fluctuations, indicating an augmented presence of high-density liquid domains at the nanoparticle surfaces. The observed upper-temperature threshold is consistent with a hypothetical phase diagram of water, validating the two-state model. Moreover, an increase in pH disrupts the organization of water molecules, similar to external pressure effects, allowing simulation of the effects of temperature and pressure on hydrogen bonding networks. The findings underscore the significance of the surface of suspended nanoparticles for understanding high- to low-density liquid fluctuations and water behavior at charged interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando
E. Maturi
- Phantom-g,
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute
of Chemistry, São Paulo State University
(UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramon S. Raposo Filho
- Phantom-g,
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos D. S. Brites
- Phantom-g,
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jingyue Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Ruihua He
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Bilin Zhuang
- Harvey
Mudd College, 301 Platt
Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Luís D. Carlos
- Phantom-g,
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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6
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Foffi R, Sciortino F. Identification of local structures in water from supercooled to ambient conditions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:094504. [PMID: 38436442 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of water thermodynamics have long been tied to the identification of two distinct families of local structures, whose competition could explain the origin of the many thermodynamic anomalies and the hypothesized liquid-liquid critical point in water. Despite the many successes and insights gained, the structural indicators proposed throughout the years were not able to unequivocally identify these two families over a wide range of conditions. We show that a recently introduced indicator, Ψ, which exploits information on the hydrogen bond network connectivity, can reliably identify these two distinct local environments over a wide range of thermodynamic conditions (188-300 K and 0-13 kbar) and that close to the liquid-liquid critical point, the spatial correlations of density fluctuations are identical to those of the Ψ indicator. Our results strongly support the idea that water thermodynamic properties arise from the competition between two distinct and identifiable local environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Foffi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Institute for Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Laura-Hezner-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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7
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Eltareb A, Lopez GE, Giovambattista N. A continuum of amorphous ices between low-density and high-density amorphous ice. Commun Chem 2024; 7:36. [PMID: 38378859 PMCID: PMC10879119 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Amorphous ices are usually classified as belonging to low-density or high-density amorphous ice (LDA and HDA) with densities ρLDA ≈ 0.94 g/cm3 and ρHDA ≈ 1.15-1.17 g/cm3. However, a recent experiment crushing hexagonal ice (ball-milling) produced a medium-density amorphous ice (MDA, ρMDA ≈ 1.06 g/cm3) adding complexity to our understanding of amorphous ice and the phase diagram of supercooled water. Motivated by the discovery of MDA, we perform computer simulations where amorphous ices are produced by isobaric cooling and isothermal compression/decompression. Our results show that, depending on the pressure employed, isobaric cooling can generate a continuum of amorphous ices with densities that expand in between those of LDA and HDA (briefly, intermediate amorphous ices, IA). In particular, the IA generated at P ≈ 125 MPa has a remarkably similar density and average structure as MDA, implying that MDA is not unique. Using the potential energy landscape formalism, we provide an intuitive qualitative understanding of the nature of LDA, HDA, and the IA generated at different pressures. In this view, LDA and HDA occupy specific and well-separated regions of the PEL; the IA prepared at P = 125 MPa is located in the intermediate region of the PEL that separates LDA and HDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eltareb
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Gustavo E Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Nicolas Giovambattista
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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8
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Fan Z, Tanaka H. Microscopic mechanisms of pressure-induced amorphous-amorphous transitions and crystallisation in silicon. Nat Commun 2024; 15:368. [PMID: 38228606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Some low-coordination materials, including water, silica, and silicon, exhibit polyamorphism, having multiple amorphous forms. However, the microscopic mechanism and kinetic pathway of amorphous-amorphous transition (AAT) remain largely unknown. Here, we use a state-of-the-art machine-learning potential and local structural analysis to investigate the microscopic kinetics of AAT in silicon after a rapid pressure change. We find that the transition from low-density-amorphous (LDA) to high-density-amorphous (HDA) occurs through nucleation and growth, resulting in non-spherical interfaces that underscore the mechanical nature of AAT. In contrast, the reverse transition occurs through spinodal decomposition. Further pressurisation transforms LDA into very-high-density amorphous (VHDA), with HDA serving as an intermediate state. Notably, the final amorphous states are inherently unstable, transitioning into crystals. Our findings demonstrate that AAT and crystallisation are driven by joint thermodynamic and mechanical instabilities, assisted by preordering, occurring without diffusion. This unique mechanical and diffusion-less nature distinguishes AAT from liquid-liquid transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Fan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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9
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Piaggi PM, Gartner TE, Car R, Debenedetti PG. Melting curves of ice polymorphs in the vicinity of the liquid-liquid critical point. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:054502. [PMID: 37531247 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The possible existence of a liquid-liquid critical point in deeply supercooled water has been a subject of debate due to the challenges associated with providing definitive experimental evidence. The pioneering work by Mishima and Stanley [Nature 392, 164-168 (1998)] sought to shed light on this problem by studying the melting curves of different ice polymorphs and their metastable continuation in the vicinity of the expected liquid-liquid transition and its associated critical point. Based on the continuous or discontinuous changes in the slope of the melting curves, Mishima [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 334 (2000)] suggested that the liquid-liquid critical point lies between the melting curves of ice III and ice V. We explore this conjecture using molecular dynamics simulations with a machine learning model based on ab initio quantum-mechanical calculations. We study the melting curves of ices III, IV, V, VI, and XIII and find that all of them are supercritical and do not intersect the liquid-liquid transition locus. We also find a pronounced, yet continuous, change in the slope of the melting lines upon crossing of the liquid locus of maximum compressibility. Finally, we analyze the literature in light of our findings and conclude that the scenario in which the melting curves are supercritical is favored by the most recent computational and experimental evidence. Although the preponderance of evidence is consistent with the existence of a second critical point in water, the behavior of ice polymorph melting lines does not provide strong evidence in support of this viewpoint, according to our calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Piaggi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Thomas E Gartner
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, USA
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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10
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Beilinson Y, Schiller V, Regentin J, Melillo JH, Greenbaum A, Antropova T, Cerveny S, Vogel M, Feldman Y. The Nature of the Low-Temperature Crossover of Water in Hard Confinement. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37229523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of water confined in mesoporous MIP (2-3 nm pores in size) with silica gel (secondary silica; further, the abbreviation SG will be used) and MAP (10-35 nm pores in size) without SG borosilicate glasses have been studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). MIP samples contain secondary silica inside the pores and provide a confinement size of about 2-3 nm, whereas MAP samples are free of secondary silica and provide a confinement size of about 10-35 nm. It is shown by BDS and NMR techniques that water exhibits a dynamic crossover of around 180 K when it is confined in MIP samples. By contrast, water confined in larger pores (MAP) does not exhibit any changes in its relaxation behavior. It is also shown that the crossover temperature depends on the hydration level (the higher the hydration level, the lower the crossover temperature). Below the crossover temperature, we find that water reorientation is isotropic (NMR) and that the temperature-dependent dielectric relaxation strength (BDS) follows the tendency expected for a solid-like material. In contrast, water reorientation is related to long-range diffusion above the crossover temperature, and the dielectric relaxation strength follows the tendency expected for a liquid-like material. Furthermore, the calorimetric results are compatible with crossing a glass transition near 180 K. Finally, the results are discussed within the Gibbs-Thomson model. In this framework, the crossover could be related to ice crystals melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Beilinson
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Verena Schiller
- Institut für Physik kondensierter Materie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julia Regentin
- Institut für Physik kondensierter Materie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jorge H Melillo
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Anna Greenbaum
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Racah Institute of Physics, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Tatiana Antropova
- Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova emb., 2, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Silvina Cerveny
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM CSIC/EHU) - Material Physics Centre (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institut für Physik kondensierter Materie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yuri Feldman
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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11
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Eltareb A, Lopez GE, Giovambattista N. The Importance of Nuclear Quantum Effects on the Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Low-Density Amorphous Ice: A Comparison with Hexagonal Ice. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4633-4645. [PMID: 37178124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We study the nuclear quantum effects (NQE) on the thermodynamic properties of low-density amorphous ice (LDA) and hexagonal ice (Ih) at P = 0.1 MPa and T ≥ 25 K. Our results are based on path-integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) and classical MD simulations of H2O and D2O using the q-TIP4P/F water model. We show that the inclusion of NQE is necessary to reproduce the experimental properties of LDA and ice Ih. While MD simulations (no NQE) predict that the density ρ(T) of LDA and ice Ih increases monotonically upon cooling, PIMD simulations indicate the presence of a density maximum in LDA and ice Ih. MD and PIMD simulations also predict a qualitatively different T-dependence for the thermal expansion coefficient αP(T) and bulk modulus B(T) of both LDA and ice Ih. Remarkably, the ρ(T), αP(T), and B(T) of LDA are practically identical to those of ice Ih. The origin of the observed NQE is due to the delocalization of the H atoms, which is identical in LDA and ice Ih. H atoms delocalize considerably (over a distance ≈ 20-25% of the OH covalent-bond length) and anisotropically (preferentially perpendicular to the OH covalent bond), leading to less linear hydrogen bonds HB (larger HOO angles and longer OO separations) than observed in classical MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eltareb
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Gustavo E Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Nicolas Giovambattista
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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12
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Tonauer CM, Fidler LR, Giebelmann J, Yamashita K, Loerting T. Nucleation and growth of crystalline ices from amorphous ices. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:141001. [PMID: 37061482 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We here review mostly experimental and some computational work devoted to nucleation in amorphous ices. In fact, there are only a handful of studies in which nucleation and growth in amorphous ices are investigated as two separate processes. In most studies, crystallization temperatures Tx or crystallization rates RJG are accessed for the combined process. Our Review deals with different amorphous ices, namely, vapor-deposited amorphous solid water (ASW) encountered in many astrophysical environments; hyperquenched glassy water (HGW) produced from μm-droplets of liquid water; and low density amorphous (LDA), high density amorphous (HDA), and very high density amorphous (VHDA) ices produced via pressure-induced amorphization of ice I or from high-pressure polymorphs. We cover the pressure range of up to about 6 GPa and the temperature range of up to 270 K, where only the presence of salts allows for the observation of amorphous ices at such high temperatures. In the case of ASW, its microporosity and very high internal surface to volume ratio are the key factors determining its crystallization kinetics. For HGW, the role of interfaces between individual glassy droplets is crucial but mostly neglected in nucleation or crystallization studies. In the case of LDA, HDA, and VHDA, parallel crystallization kinetics to different ice phases is observed, where the fraction of crystallized ices is controlled by the heating rate. A key aspect here is that in different experiments, amorphous ices of different "purities" are obtained, where "purity" here means the "absence of crystalline nuclei." For this reason, "preseeded amorphous ice" and "nuclei-free amorphous ice" should be distinguished carefully, which has not been done properly in most studies. This makes a direct comparison of results obtained in different laboratories very hard, and even results obtained in the same laboratory are affected by very small changes in the preparation protocol. In terms of mechanism, the results are consistent with amorphous ices turning into an ultraviscous, deeply supercooled liquid prior to nucleation. However, especially in preseeded amorphous ices, crystallization from the preexisting nuclei takes place simultaneously. To separate the time scales of crystallization from the time scale of structure relaxation cleanly, the goal needs to be to produce amorphous ices free from crystalline ice nuclei. Such ices have only been produced in very few studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tonauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lilli-Ruth Fidler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Giebelmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Keishiro Yamashita
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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13
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Gorfer A, Dellago C, Sega M. High-density liquid (HDL) adsorption at the supercooled water/vapor interface and its possible relation to the second surface tension inflection point. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054503. [PMID: 36754827 DOI: 10.1063/5.0132985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the properties of water along the liquid/vapor coexistence line in the supercooled regime down to the no-man's land. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the TIP4P/2005 liquid/vapor interface in the range 198-348 K allow us to locate the second surface tension inflection point with a high accuracy at 283 ± 5 K, close to the temperature of maximum density. This temperature also coincides with the appearance of a density anomaly at the interface known as the apophysis. We relate the emergence of the apophysis to the observation of high-density liquid (HDL) water adsorption in the proximity of the liquid/vapor interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gorfer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Wien A-1090, Austria
| | - Christoph Dellago
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Wien A-1090, Austria
| | - Marcello Sega
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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14
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Takahashi O, Pettersson LGM. Dynamical and interference effects in X-ray emission spectroscopy of H-bonded water – origin of the split lone-pair peaks. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2023.2170686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Takahashi
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Lars G. M. Pettersson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Foffi R, Sciortino F. Correlated Fluctuations of Structural Indicators Close to the Liquid-Liquid Transition in Supercooled Water. J Phys Chem B 2022; 127:378-386. [PMID: 36538764 PMCID: PMC9841516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple numerical studies have unambiguously shown the existence of a liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled states for different numerical models of water, and various structural indicators have been put forward to describe the transformation associated with this phase transition. Here we analyze numerical simulations of near-critical supercooled water to compare the behavior of several of such indicators with critical density fluctuations. We show that close to the critical point most indicators are strongly correlated to density, and some of them even display identical distributions of fluctuations. These indicators probe the exact same free energy landscape, therefore providing a thermodynamic description of critical supercooled water which is identical to that provided by the density order parameter. This implies that close to the critical point, there is a tight coupling between many, only apparently distinct, structural degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Foffi
- Institute
for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental
and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Sapienza Università di
Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro
5, I-00185Rome, Italy,E-mail:
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16
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Russo CJ, Dickerson JL, Naydenova K. Cryomicroscopy in situ: what is the smallest molecule that can be directly identified without labels in a cell? Faraday Discuss 2022; 240:277-302. [PMID: 35913392 PMCID: PMC9642008 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00076h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) has made great strides in the last decade, such that the atomic structure of most biological macromolecules can, at least in principle, be determined. Major technological advances - in electron imaging hardware, data analysis software, and cryogenic specimen preparation technology - continue at pace and contribute to the exponential growth in the number of atomic structures determined by cryoEM. It is now conceivable that within the next decade we will have structures for hundreds of thousands of unique protein and nucleic acid molecular complexes. But the answers to many important questions in biology would become obvious if we could identify these structures precisely inside cells with quantifiable error. In the context of an abundance of known structures, it is appropriate to consider the current state of electron cryomicroscopy for frozen specimens prepared directly from cells, and try to answer to the question of the title, both now and in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Russo
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Joshua L Dickerson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Katerina Naydenova
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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17
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Bachler J, Giebelmann J, Amann-Winkel K, Loerting T. Pressure-annealed high-density amorphous ice made from vitrified water droplets: A systematic calorimetry study on water's second glass transition. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:064502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous work, water's second glass transition was investigated based on an amorphous sample made from crystalline ice (Amann-Winkel et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110 (44) 17720-17725). In the present work, we investigate water's second glass transition based on the genuine glassy state of high-density water as prepared from micron-sized liquid water droplets, avoiding crystallinity at all stages. All the calorimetric features of water's second glass transition observed in the previous work are also observed here on the genuine glassy samples. This suggests that the glass transition indeed thermodynamically links amorphous ices continuously with deeply supercooled water. We proceed to extend the earlier study by investigating the effect of preparation history on the calorimetric glass transition temperature. The best samples prepared here feature both a lower glass transition temperature Tg,2 and a higher polyamorphic transition temperature Tons, thereby extending the range of thermal stability in which the deeply supercooled liquid can be observed by about 4 K. Just before the polyamorphic transition, we observe a spike-like increase of heat capacity that we interpret in terms of nucleation of low-density water. Without this spike, the width of water's second glass transition is 15 K, and the Δcp amounts to 3{plus minus}1 J K-1 mol-1, making the case for HDL being a strong liquid. We suggest that samples annealed at 1.9 GPa to 175 K and decompressed at 140 K to {greater than or equal to}0.10 GPa are free from such nuclei and represent the most ideal HDA glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bachler
- University of Innsbruck Institute of Physical Chemistry, Austria
| | | | | | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Weis J, Sciortino F, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Debenedetti PG. Liquid-Liquid Criticality in the WAIL Water Model. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:024502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0099520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that the anomalous behavior of liquid water is related to the existence of a second critical point in deeply supercooled states has long been the subject of intense debate. Recent, sophisticated experiments designed to observe the transformation between the two subcritical liquids on nano- and microsecond time scales, along with demanding numerical simulations based on classical (rigid) models parametrized to reproduce thermodynamic properties of water, have provided support to this hypothesis. A stronger numerical proof requires demonstrating that the critical point, which occurs at temperatures and pressures far from those at which the models were optimized, is robust with respect to model parameterization, specifically with respect to incorporating additional physical effects. Here we show that a liquid-liquid critical point can be rigorously located also in the WAIL model of water [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 014510 (2012)], a model parameterized using ab-initio calculations only. The model incorporates two features not present in many previously-studied water models: it is both flexible and polarizable, properties which can significantly influence the phase behavior of water. The observation of the critical point in a model in which the water-water interaction is estimated using only quantum ab-initio calculations provides strong support to the viewpoint according to which the existence of two distinct liquids is a robust feature in the free energy landscape of supercooled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Weis
- Princeton University, United States of America
| | | | | | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, United States of America
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19
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Capelli R, Muniz-Miranda F, Pavan GM. Ephemeral ice-like local environments in classical rigid models of liquid water. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:214503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0088599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great efforts over the past 50 years, the simulation of water still presents significant challenges and open questions. At room temperature and pressure, the collective molecular interactions and dynamics of water molecules may form local structural arrangements that are non-trivial to classify. Here, we employ a data-driven approach built on Smooth Overlap of Atomic Position (SOAP) that allows us to compare and classify how widely used classical models represent liquid water. Macroscopically, the obtained results are rationalized based on water thermodynamic observables. Microscopically, we directly observe how transient ice-like ordered environments may dynamically/statistically form in liquid water, even above freezing temperature, by comparing the SOAP spectra for different ice structures with those of the simulated liquid systems. This confirms recent ab initio-based calculations but also reveals how the emergence of ephemeral local ice-like environments in liquid water at room conditions can be captured by classical water models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Capelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Muniz-Miranda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano, Campus Est, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
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20
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Faccio C, Benzi M, Zanetti-Polzi L, Daidone I. Low- and high-density forms of liquid water revealed by a new medium-range order descriptor. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Yoshida K, Nishimoto S, Yamaguchi T. Structural analysis of hydrazinium trifluoroacetate aqueous solution by X-ray diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement modeling in the temperature range of 25 to −125 °C. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Hoffmann L, Beerwerth J, Adjei-Körner M, Fuentes-Landete V, Tonauer CM, Loerting T, Böhmer R. Oxygen NMR of high-density and low-density amorphous ice. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:084503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0080333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using oxygen-17 as a nuclear probe, spin relaxometry was applied to study the high-density and low-density states of amorphous ice, covering temperatures below and somewhat above their glass transitions. These findings are put in perspective with results from deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance and with calculations based on dielectrically detected correlation times. This comparison reveals the presence of a wide distribution of correlation times. Furthermore, oxygen-17 central-transition echo spectra were recorded for wide ranges of temperature and pulse spacing. The spectra cannot be described by a single set of quadrupolar parameters, suggesting a distribution of H–O–H opening angles that is broader for high-density than for low-density amorphous ice. Simulations of the pulse separation dependent spin-echo spectra for various scenarios demonstrate that a small-step frequency diffusion process, assigned to the presence of homonuclear oxygen–oxygen interactions, determines the shape evolution of the pulse-separation-dependent spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hoffmann
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joachim Beerwerth
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Violeta Fuentes-Landete
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina M. Tonauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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23
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Takahashi O, Yamamura R, Tokushima T, Harada Y. Interpretation of the X-Ray Emission Spectra of Liquid Water through Temperature and Isotope Dependence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:086002. [PMID: 35275678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.086002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The interpretation of x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) spectra in terms of their sensitivity to the hydrogen bonding and the consequent microheterogeneity in liquid water has been debated over a decade. To shed a light on this problem, we report the theoretical reproduction of the debated 1b_{1} peaks observed in the XES spectra of liquid water using semiclassical Kramers-Heisenberg formula. The essence of the temperature and isotope dependence of the 1b_{1} double peaks is explained by molecular dynamics simulations including full vibrational (O─H stretching, bending, and) modes, rotational combined with the density functional theory and core-hole induced dynamics. Some inconsistencies exist with the experimental XES profile, which illustrates the need to employ a more precise theoretical calculations for both geometry sampling and electronic structure using a more sophisticated procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Takahashi
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokushima
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yoshihisa Harada
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, University of Tokyo, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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24
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Multiple Melting Temperatures in Glass-Forming Melts. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
All materials are vitrified by fast quenching even monoatomic substances. Second melting temperatures accompanied by weak exothermic or endothermic heat are often observed at Tn+ after remelting them above the equilibrium thermodynamic melting transition at Tm. These temperatures, Tn+, are due to the breaking of bonds (configurons formation) or antibonds depending on the thermal history, which is explained by using a nonclassical nucleation equation. Their multiple existence in monoatomic elements is now demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations and still predicted. Proposed equations show that crystallization enthalpy is reduced at the temperature Tx due to new vitrification of noncrystallized parts and their melting at Tn+. These glassy parts, being equal above Tx to singular values or to their sum, are melted at various temperatures Tn+ and attain 100% in Cu46Zr46Al8 and 86.7% in bismuth. These first order transitions at Tn+ are either reversible or irreversible, depending on the formation of super atoms, either solid or liquid.
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25
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de Almeida Ribeiro I, de Koning M, Molinero V. Is It Possible to Follow the Structural Evolution of Water in "No-Man's Land" Using a Pulsed-Heating Procedure? J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1085-1089. [PMID: 35080178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The anomalous increase in compressibility and heat capacity of supercooled water has been attributed to its structural transformation of into a four-coordinated liquid. Experiments revealed that κT and Cp peak at TWthermo ≈ 229 K [Kim et al. Science 2017, 358, 1589; Pathak et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2021, 118, e2018379118]. Recently, a pulsed heating procedure (PHP) was employed to interrogate the structure of water, reporting a steep increase in tetrahedrality around TWPHP = 210 ± 3 K [Kringle et al. Science 2020, 369, 1490]. This discrepancy questions whether water structure and thermodynamics are decoupled, or if the shift in TW is an artifact of PHP. Here we implement PHP in molecular simulations. We find that the stationary states captured at the bottom of the pulse are not representative of the thermalized liquid or its inherent structure. Our analysis reveals a temperature-dependent distortion that shifts TWPHP to ∼20 K below TWthermo. We conclude that 2 orders of magnitude faster rates are required to sample water's inherent structure with PHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Maurice de Koning
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-861, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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26
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Gallo P, Bachler J, Bove LE, Böhmer R, Camisasca G, Coronas LE, Corti HR, de Almeida Ribeiro I, de Koning M, Franzese G, Fuentes-Landete V, Gainaru C, Loerting T, de Oca JMM, Poole PH, Rovere M, Sciortino F, Tonauer CM, Appignanesi GA. Advances in the study of supercooled water. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:143. [PMID: 34825973 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we report recent progress in the field of supercooled water. Due to its uniqueness, water presents numerous anomalies with respect to most simple liquids, showing polyamorphism both in the liquid and in the glassy state. We first describe the thermodynamic scenarios hypothesized for the supercooled region and in particular among them the liquid-liquid critical point scenario that has so far received more experimental evidence. We then review the most recent structural indicators, the two-state model picture of water, and the importance of cooperative effects related to the fact that water is a hydrogen-bonded network liquid. We show throughout the review that water's peculiar properties come into play also when water is in solution, confined, and close to biological molecules. Concerning dynamics, upon mild supercooling water behaves as a fragile glass former following the mode coupling theory, and it turns into a strong glass former upon further cooling. Connections between the slow dynamics and the thermodynamics are discussed. The translational relaxation times of density fluctuations show in fact the fragile-to-strong crossover connected to the thermodynamics arising from the existence of two liquids. When considering also rotations, additional crossovers come to play. Mobility-viscosity decoupling is also discussed in supercooled water and aqueous solutions. Finally, the polyamorphism of glassy water is considered through experimental and simulation results both in bulk and in salty aqueous solutions. Grains and grain boundaries are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gallo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146, Roma, Italy.
| | - Johannes Bachler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Livia E Bove
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, IMPMC, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gaia Camisasca
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Luis E Coronas
- Secció de Física Estadística i Interdisciplinària-Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Horacio R Corti
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, B1650LWP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurice de Koning
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-861, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Franzese
- Secció de Física Estadística i Interdisciplinària-Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Violeta Fuentes-Landete
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Peter H Poole
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Mauro Rovere
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Christina M Tonauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gustavo A Appignanesi
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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27
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Ohmine I, Saito S. Dynamical Behavior of Water; Fluctuation, Reactions and Phase Transitions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Ohmine
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Saito
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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28
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Hernandes VF, Marques MS, Bordin JR. Phase classification using neural networks: application to supercooled, polymorphic core-softened mixtures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:024002. [PMID: 34638114 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2f0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of phases of soft matter systems is a challenge faced in many physical chemical problems. For polymorphic fluids it is an even greater challenge. Specifically, glass forming fluids, as water, can have, besides solid polymorphism, more than one liquid and glassy phases, and even a liquid-liquid critical point. In this sense, we apply a neural network algorithm to analyze the phase behavior of a mixture of core-softened fluids that interact through the continuous-shouldered well (CSW) potential, which have liquid polymorphism and liquid-liquid critical points, similar to water. We also apply the neural network to mixtures of CSW fluids and core-softened alcohols models. We combine and expand methods based on bond-orientational order parameters to study mixtures, applied to mixtures of hardcore fluids and to supercooled water, to include longer range coordination shells. With this, the trained neural network was able to properly predict the crystalline solid phases, the fluid phases and the amorphous phase for the pure CSW and CSW-alcohols mixtures with high efficiency. More than this, information about the phase populations, obtained from the network approach, can help verify if the phase transition is continuous or discontinuous, and also to interpret how the metastable amorphous region spreads along the stable high density fluid phase. These findings help to understand the behavior of supercooled polymorphic fluids and extend the comprehension of how amphiphilic solutes affect the phases behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Hernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física e Matemática, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, 96001-970, Pelotas-RS, Brazil
| | - M S Marques
- Centro das Ciências Exatas e das Tecnologias, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras-BA, Brazil
| | - José Rafael Bordin
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física e Matemática, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, 96001-970, Pelotas-RS, Brazil
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29
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Foffi R, Sciortino F. Structure of High-Pressure Supercooled and Glassy Water. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:175502. [PMID: 34739286 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.175502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate the structure of deep supercooled and glassy water under pressure, covering the range of densities corresponding to the experimentally produced high- and very-high-density amorphous phases. At T=188 K, a continuous increase in density is observed on varying pressure from 2.5 to 13 kbar, with no signs of first-order transitions. Exploiting a recently proposed approach to the analysis of the radial distribution function-based on topological properties of the hydrogen-bond network-we are able to identify well-defined local geometries that involve pairs of molecules separated by multiple hydrogen bonds, specific to the high- and very-high-density structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Foffi
- Department of Physics, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Department of Physics, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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30
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Eltareb A, Lopez GE, Giovambattista N. The role of high-density and low-density amorphous ice on biomolecules at cryogenic temperatures: a case study with polyalanine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19402-19414. [PMID: 34494044 PMCID: PMC8491127 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02734d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental techniques, such as cryo-electron microscopy, require biological samples to be recovered at cryogenic temperatures (T ≈ 100 K) with water being in an amorphous ice state. However, (bulk) water can exist in two amorphous ices at P < 1 GPa, low-density amorphous (LDA) ice at low pressures and high-density amorphous ice (HDA) at high pressures; HDA is ≈20-25% denser than LDA. While fast/plunge cooling at 1 bar brings the sample into LDA, high-pressure cooling (HPC), at sufficiently high pressure, produces HDA. HDA can also be produced by isothermal compression of LDA at cryogenic temperatures. Here, we perform classical molecular dynamics simulations to study the effects of LDA, HDA, and the LDA-HDA transformation on the structure and hydration of a small peptide, polyalanine. We follow thermodynamic paths corresponding to (i) fast/plunge cooling at 1 bar, (ii) HPC at P = 400 MPa, and (iii) compression/decompression cycles at T = 80 K. While process (i) produced LDA in the system, path (iii) produces HDA. Interestingly, the amorphous ice produced in process (ii) is an intermediate amorphous ice (IA) with properties that fall in-between those of LDA and HDA. Remarkably, the structural changes in polyalanine are negligible at all conditions studied (0-2000 MPa, 80-300 K) even when water changes among the low and high-density liquid states as well as the amorphous solids LDA, IA, and HDA. The similarities and differences in the hydration of polyalanine vitrified in LDA, IA, and HDA are described. Since the studied thermodynamic paths are suitable for the cryopreservation of biomolecules, we also study the structure and hydration of polyalanine along isobaric and isochoric heating paths, which can be followed experimentally for the recovery of cryopreserved samples. Upon heating, the structure of polyalanine remains practically unchanged. We conclude with a brief discussion of the practical advantages of (a) using HDA and IA as a cryoprotectant environment (as opposed to LDA), and (b) the use of isochoric heating as a recovery process (as opposed to isobaric heating).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eltareb
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gustavo E Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nicolas Giovambattista
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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31
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Xue H, Fu Y, Lu Y, Hao D, Li K, Bai G, Ou-Yang ZC, Wang J, Zhou X. Spontaneous Freezing of Water between 233 and 235 K Is Not Due to Homogeneous Nucleation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13548-13556. [PMID: 34406749 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous freezing of microdroplets around 233 K has long been regarded as the occurrence of homogeneous ice nucleation. The corresponding temperature has been directly regarded as the homogeneous ice nucleation temperature, which is an intrinsic character of water. However, many recent investigations indicate that the spontaneous freezing may be still induced by surfaces of the water microdroplets or the residual impurities inside. Therefore, it is highly desired to reveal with solid evidence the exact origin of the spontaneous freezing. Here we show with no ambiguity that the spontaneous freezing between 233 and 235 K is actually triggered by the surface of microdroplets, as the nucleation rate is found to be proportional to the surface area of droplets, via systematically investigating the freezing of water droplets with varying sizes under various cooling rates followed by a new approach in data analysis. The conclusion is further consolidated by published experimental data from other groups when using our data analysis approach. This study is critical for understanding the sources of "no-man's land" and features of homogeneous nucleation, as well as studying the structure and properties of deeply supercooled liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xue
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fu
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhao Hao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Bai
- Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Can Ou-Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, People's Republic of China
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32
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Marques MS, Hernandes VF, Bordin JR. Core-softened water-alcohol mixtures: the solute-size effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16213-16223. [PMID: 34304261 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00751c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Water is the most anomalous material on Earth, with a long list of thermodynamic, dynamic and structural behaviors that deviate from what is expected. Recent studies have indicated that these anomalies may be related to a competition between two liquids, which means that water has a potential liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) that ends at a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP). In a recent study [J. Mol. Liq., 2020, 320, 114420], using molecular dynamics simulations and a core-softened potential approach, we have shown that adding a simple solute such as methanol can "kill" the density-anomalous behavior as the LLCP is suppressed by spontaneous crystallization in a hexagonal close packing (HCP) crystal near the LLPT. Now, we extend this work to realize how longer-chain alcohols will affect the complex behavior of water-alcohol mixtures in the supercooled regime. Besides core-softened (CS) methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol were added to a system of identical particles that interact through the continuous shouldered well (CSW) potential. We observed that the density anomaly gradually decreases its extension in phase diagrams until it disappears with the growth of the non-polar chain and the alcohol concentration, different from the liquid-liquid phase transition (and the LLCP), which remained present in all analyzed mixtures, according to Nature, 2001, 409, 692. For our model, the longer non-polar chains and higher concentrations gradually impact the competition between the scales in the CS potential, leading to a gradual disappearing of the anomalies until the TMD total disappearance is observed when the first coordination shell structure is also affected: short-range ordering is favored, leading to less competition between short- and long-range ordering and, consequently, to the extinction of anomalies. Also, the non-polar chain size and concentration have an effect on the solid phases, favoring the hexagonal close packed (HCP) solid and the amorphous solid phase over the body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal. These findings help to elucidate the behavior of water solutions in the supercooled regime and indicate that the LLCP can be observed in systems without density-anomalous behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S Marques
- Centro das Ciências Exatas e das Tecnologias, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua da Prainha, 1392, Morada Nobre, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras-BA, Brazil.
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33
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Abstract
The question of whether a first-order liquid-to-liquid transition is at the origin of water’s anomalous properties has been controversial since the pioneering experiments by Mishima et al. in 1985 and molecular simulations by Poole et al. in 1992. Since then, experiments aimed at shedding light on this question have been performed using amorphous ices made from crystalline ice, fueling criticism about their crystal-like nature. In the present study, we avoid crystalline ice at any time of the experiment yet still observe a first-order glass-to-glass transition in vitrified liquid droplets. This makes the strong case for glass polymorphism and the direct thermodynamic connection to the liquid-to-liquid transition at higher temperatures, dismissing the criticism voiced for three decades. The nature of amorphous ices has been debated for more than 35 years. In essence, the question is whether they are related to ice polymorphs or to liquids. The fact that amorphous ices are traditionally prepared from crystalline ice via pressure-induced amorphization has made a clear distinction tricky. In this work, we vitrify liquid droplets through cooling at ≥106 K ⋅ s−1 and pressurize the glassy deposit. We observe a first order–like densification upon pressurization and recover a high-density glass. The two glasses resemble low- and high-density amorphous ice in terms of both structure and thermal properties. Vitrified water shows all features that have been reported for amorphous ices made from crystalline ice. The only difference is that the hyperquenched and pressurized deposit shows slightly different crystallization kinetics to ice I upon heating at ambient pressure. This implies a thermodynamically continuous connection of amorphous ices with liquids, not crystals.
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Bartók AP, Hantal G, Pártay LB. Insight into Liquid Polymorphism from the Complex Phase Behavior of a Simple Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:015701. [PMID: 34270313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.015701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We systematically explored the phase behavior of the hard-core two-scale ramp model suggested by Jagla [Phys. Rev. E 63, 061501 (2001)PRESCM1539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.63.061501] using a combination of the nested sampling and free energy methods. The sampling revealed that the phase diagram of the Jagla potential is significantly richer than previously anticipated, and we identified a family of new crystalline structures, which is stable over vast regions in the phase diagram. We showed that the new melting line is located at considerably higher temperature than the boundary between the low- and high-density liquid phases, which was previously suggested to lie in a thermodynamically stable region. The newly identified crystalline phases show unexpectedly complex structural features, some of which are shared with the high-pressure ice VI phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert P Bartók
- Department of Physics and Warwick Centre for Predictive Modelling, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - György Hantal
- Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Livia B Pártay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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35
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Manifestations of metastable criticality in the long-range structure of model water glasses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3398. [PMID: 34099681 PMCID: PMC8185069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been devoted to water’s metastable phase behavior, including polyamorphism (multiple amorphous solid phases), and the hypothesized liquid-liquid transition and associated critical point. However, the possible relationship between these phenomena remains incompletely understood. Using molecular dynamics simulations of the realistic TIP4P/2005 model, we found a striking signature of the liquid-liquid critical point in the structure of water glasses, manifested as a pronounced increase in long-range density fluctuations at pressures proximate to the critical pressure. By contrast, these signatures were absent in glasses of two model systems that lack a critical point. We also characterized the departure from equilibrium upon vitrification via the non-equilibrium index; water-like systems exhibited a strong pressure dependence in this metric, whereas simple liquids did not. These results reflect a surprising relationship between the metastable equilibrium phenomenon of liquid-liquid criticality and the non-equilibrium structure of glassy water, with implications for our understanding of water phase behavior and glass physics. Our calculations suggest a possible experimental route to probing the existence of the liquid-liquid transition in water and other fluids. The subtle connections between water’s supercooled liquid and glassy states are difficult to characterize. Gartner et al. suggest with MD simulations that the long-range structure of glassy water may reflect signatures of water’s debated second critical point in the supercooled liquid.
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36
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Mukherjee S, Bagchi B. Theoretical analyses of pressure induced glass transition in water: Signatures of surprising diffusion-entropy scaling across the transition. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1930222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saumyak Mukherjee
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Biman Bagchi
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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37
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Kamenik AS, Handle PH, Hofer F, Kahler U, Kraml J, Liedl KR. Polarizable and non-polarizable force fields: Protein folding, unfolding, and misfolding. J Chem Phys 2021; 153:185102. [PMID: 33187403 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are an invaluable tool to characterize the dynamic motions of proteins in atomistic detail. However, the accuracy of models derived from simulations inevitably relies on the quality of the underlying force field. Here, we present an evaluation of current non-polarizable and polarizable force fields (AMBER ff14SB, CHARMM 36m, GROMOS 54A7, and Drude 2013) based on the long-standing biophysical challenge of protein folding. We quantify the thermodynamics and kinetics of the β-hairpin formation using Markov state models of the fast-folding mini-protein CLN025. Furthermore, we study the (partial) folding dynamics of two more complex systems, a villin headpiece variant and a WW domain. Surprisingly, the polarizable force field in our set, Drude 2013, consistently leads to destabilization of the native state, regardless of the secondary structure element present. All non-polarizable force fields, on the other hand, stably characterize the native state ensembles in most cases even when starting from a partially unfolded conformation. Focusing on CLN025, we find that the conformational space captured with AMBER ff14SB and CHARMM 36m is comparable, but the ensembles from CHARMM 36m simulations are clearly shifted toward disordered conformations. While the AMBER ff14SB ensemble overstabilizes the native fold, CHARMM 36m and GROMOS 54A7 ensembles both agree remarkably well with experimental state populations. In addition, GROMOS 54A7 also reproduces experimental folding times most accurately. Our results further indicate an over-stabilization of helical structures with AMBER ff14SB. Nevertheless, the presented investigations strongly imply that reliable (un)folding dynamics of small proteins can be captured in feasible computational time with current additive force fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philip H Handle
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Hofer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Kahler
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Kraml
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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38
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Goswami A, Dalal IS, Singh JK. Universal Nucleation Behavior of Sheared Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:195702. [PMID: 34047572 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.195702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular simulations and a modified classical nucleation theory, we study the nucleation, under flow, of a variety of liquids: different water models, Lennard-Jones, and hard sphere colloids. Our approach enables us to analyze a wide range of shear rates inaccessible to brute-force simulations. Our results reveal that the variation of the nucleation rate with shear is universal. A simplified version of the theory successfully captures the nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the nucleation behavior, which is shown to originate from the violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Indranil Saha Dalal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Jayant K Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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39
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Foffi R, Russo J, Sciortino F. Structural and topological changes across the liquid-liquid transition in water. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:184506. [PMID: 34241034 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the TIP4P/Ice model of water can be studied numerically in metastable equilibrium at and below its liquid-liquid critical temperature. We report here simulations along a subcritical isotherm, for which two liquid states with the same pressure and temperature but different density can be equilibrated. This allows for a clear visualization of the structural changes taking place across the transition. We specifically focus on how the topological properties of the H-bond network change across the liquid-liquid transition. Our results demonstrate that the structure of the high-density liquid, characterized by the existence of interstitial molecules and commonly explained in terms of the collapse of the second neighbor shell, actually originates from the folding back of long rings, bringing pairs of molecules separated by several hydrogen-bonds close by in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Foffi
- Department of Physics, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - John Russo
- Department of Physics, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Department of Physics, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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40
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Sato Y, Mutoh Y, Morishita S, Tsurumachi N, Isoda K. Stimulus-Responsive Supercooled π-Conjugated Liquid and Its Application in Rewritable Media. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3014-3018. [PMID: 33733791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a stimulus-responsive supercooled π-conjugated liquid and the possibility of its application in rewritable media. Supercooled liquid 1 showed a dramatic change in its photoluminescent color upon the transformation from liquid 1l (yellow emission) to solid 1s (green emission). These phenomena were revealed by fluorescence spectra as well as lifetime decay profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Sato
- Division in Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shuhei Morishita
- Division in Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tsurumachi
- Program in Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Isoda
- Program in Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan
- Division in Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
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41
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Eltareb A, Lopez GE, Giovambattista N. Nuclear quantum effects on the thermodynamic, structural, and dynamical properties of water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6914-6928. [PMID: 33729222 PMCID: PMC9311234 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04325g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We perform path-integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) simulations of H2O and D2O using the q-TIP4P/F model. Simulations are performed at P = 1 bar and over a wide range of temperatures that include the equilibrium (T≥ 273 K) and supercooled (210 ≤T < 273 K) liquid states of water. The densities of both H2O and D2O calculated from PIMD simulations are in excellent agreement with experiments in the equilibrium and supercooled regimes. We also evaluate important thermodynamic response functions, specifically, the thermal expansion coefficient αP(T), isothermal compressibility κT(T), isobaric heat capacity CP(T), and static dielectric constant ε(T). While these properties are in excellent [αP(T) and κT(T)] or semi-quantitative agreement [CP(T) and ε(T)] with experiments in the equilibrium regime, they are increasingly underestimated upon further cooling. It follows that the inclusion of nuclear quantum effects in PIMD simulations of (q-TIP4P/F) water is not sufficient to reproduce the anomalous large fluctuations in density, entropy, and electric dipole moment characteristic of supercooled water. It has been hypothesized that water may exhibit a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) in the supercooled regime at P > 1 bar and that such a LLCP generates a maximum in CP(T) and κT(T) at 1 bar. Consistent with this hypothesis and in particular, with experiments, we find a maximum in the κT(T) of q-TIP4P/F light and heavy water at T≈ 230-235 K. No maximum in CP(T) could be detected down to T≥ 210 K. We also calculate the diffusion coefficient D(T) of H2O and D2O using the ring-polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) technique and find that computer simulations are in remarkable good agreement with experiments at all temperatures studied. The results from RPMD/PIMD simulations are also compared with the corresponding results obtained from classical MD simulations of q-TIP4P/F water where atoms are represented by single interacting sites. Surprisingly, we find minor differences in most of the properties studied, with CP(T), D(T), and structural properties being the only (expected) exceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eltareb
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
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42
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Interaction of solute and water molecules in cryoprotectant mixture during vitrification and crystallization. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Bachler J, Fidler LR, Loerting T. Absence of the liquid-liquid phase transition in aqueous ionic liquids. Phys Rev E 2021; 102:060601. [PMID: 33466086 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The anomalies of supercooled water may be explained by an underlying liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) between high- and low-density states. Recently, its observation at 185 K was inferred using solutions containing aqueous ionic liquids at a solute mole fraction of x=0.156 [Woutersen et al., Science 359, 1127 (2018)10.1126/science.aao7049]. We employ x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, and dilatometry on these hydrazinium trifluoroacetate solutions at x=0.00-0.40 to show that the transition at 185 K is not related to a genuine LLPT of water. Continuous densification upon compression, continuous changes of halo position, and absence of thermal signatures for a high- to low-density transition rule out the possibility of an LLPT for x≥0.13. The data show that employing sophisticated solutions adds a layer of complexity that hampers extrapolation of the LLPT concept from one- to two-component systems. The possibility of an LLPT can only be probed for pure water or sufficiently dilute aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bachler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lilli-Ruth Fidler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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44
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Goswami A, Singh JK. Homogeneous nucleation of sheared liquids: advances and insights from simulations and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15402-15419. [PMID: 34279013 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most ubiquitous and technologically important phenomena in nature is the nucleation of homogeneous flowing systems. The microscopic effects of shear on a nucleating system are still imperfectly understood, although in recent years a consistent picture has emerged. The opposing effects of shear can be split into two major contributions for simple atomic and molecular liquids: increase of the energetic cost of nucleation, and enhancement of the kinetics. In this perspective, we describe the latest computational and theoretical techniques which have been developed over the past two decades. We collate and unify the overarching influences of shear, temperature, and supersaturation on the process of homogeneous nucleation. Experimental techniques and capabilities are discussed, against the backdrop of results from simulations and theory. Although we primarily focus on simple systems, we also touch upon the sheared nucleation of more complex systems, including glasses and polymer melts. We speculate on the promising directions and possible advances that could come to fruition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
| | - Jayant K Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
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45
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Gartner TE, Zhang L, Piaggi PM, Car R, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Debenedetti PG. Signatures of a liquid-liquid transition in an ab initio deep neural network model for water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26040-26046. [PMID: 33008883 PMCID: PMC7584908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015440117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible existence of a metastable liquid-liquid transition (LLT) and a corresponding liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) in supercooled liquid water remains a topic of much debate. An LLT has been rigorously proved in three empirically parametrized molecular models of water, and evidence consistent with an LLT has been reported for several other such models. In contrast, experimental proof of this phenomenon has been elusive due to rapid ice nucleation under deeply supercooled conditions. In this work, we combined density functional theory (DFT), machine learning, and molecular simulations to shed additional light on the possible existence of an LLT in water. We trained a deep neural network (DNN) model to represent the ab initio potential energy surface of water from DFT calculations using the Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) functional. We then used advanced sampling simulations in the multithermal-multibaric ensemble to efficiently explore the thermophysical properties of the DNN model. The simulation results are consistent with the existence of an LLCP, although they do not constitute a rigorous proof thereof. We fit the simulation data to a two-state equation of state to provide an estimate of the LLCP's location. These combined results-obtained from a purely first-principles approach with no empirical parameters-are strongly suggestive of the existence of an LLT, bolstering the hypothesis that water can separate into two distinct liquid forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Gartner
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Pablo M Piaggi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Athanassios Z Panagiotopoulos
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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46
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Xu H, Ångström J, Eklund T, Amann-Winkel K. Electron Beam-Induced Transformation in High-Density Amorphous Ices. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9283-9288. [PMID: 32997503 PMCID: PMC7569672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
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Amorphous ice is
commonly used as a noncrystalline matrix for protecting
sensitive biological samples in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM).
The amorphization process of water is complex, and at least two amorphous
states of different densities are known to exist, high- and low-density
amorphous ices (HDA and LDA). These forms are considered to be the
counterparts of two distinct liquid states, namely, high- and low-density
liquid water. Herein, we investigate the HDA to LDA transition using
electron diffraction and cryo-EM. The observed phase transition is
induced by the impact of electrons, and we discuss two different mechanisms,
namely, local heating and beam-induced motion of water molecules.
The temperature increase is estimated by comparison with X-ray scattering
experiments on identically prepared samples. Our results suggest that
HDA, under the conditions used in our cryo-EM measurements, is locally
heated above its glass-transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Xu
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ångström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Eklund
- Department of Physics, Chemical Physics Division, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, Chemical Physics Division, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Abstract
The origin of water's anomalies has been a matter of long-standing debate. A two-state model, dating back to Röntgen, relies on the dynamical coexistence of two types of local structures-locally favored tetrahedral structure (LFTS) and disordered normal-liquid structure (DNLS)-in liquid water. Phenomenologically, this model not only explains water's thermodynamic anomalies but also can rationalize the existence of a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) if there is a cooperative formation of LFTS. We recently found direct evidence for the coexistence of LFTS and DNLS in the experimental structure factor of liquid water. However, the existence of the LLCP and its impact on water's properties has remained elusive, leaving the origin of water's anomalies unclear. Here we propose a unique strategy to locate the LLCP of liquid water. First, we make a comprehensive analysis of a large set of experimental structural, thermodynamic, and dynamic data based on our hierarchical two-state model. This model predicts that the two thermodynamic and dynamical fluctuation maxima lines should cross at the LLCP if it exists, which we confirm by hundred-microsecond simulations for model waters. Based on recent experimental results of the compressibility and diffusivity measurements in the no man's land, we reveal that the two lines cross around 184 K and 173 MPa for real water, suggesting the presence of the LLCP around there. Nevertheless, we find that the criticality is almost negligible in the experimentally accessible region of liquid water because it is too far from the LLCP. Our findings would provide a clue to settle the long-standing debate.
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Naydenova K, Jia P, Russo CJ. Cryo-EM with sub-1 Å specimen movement. Science 2020; 370:223-226. [PMID: 33033219 PMCID: PMC7116250 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb7927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Most information loss in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) stems from particle movement during imaging, which remains poorly understood. We show that this movement is caused by buckling and subsequent deformation of the suspended ice, with a threshold that depends directly on the shape of the frozen water layer set by the support foil. We describe a specimen support design that eliminates buckling and reduces electron beam-induced particle movement to less than 1 angstrom. The design allows precise foil tracking during imaging with high-speed detectors, thereby lessening demands on cryostage precision and stability. It includes a maximal density of holes, which increases throughput in automated cryo-EM without degrading data quality. Movement-free imaging allows extrapolation to a three-dimensional map of the specimen at zero electron exposure, before the onset of radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peipei Jia
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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50
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Martelli F, Leoni F, Sciortino F, Russo J. Connection between liquid and non-crystalline solid phases in water. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:104503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0018923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Martelli
- IBM Research Europe, Hartree Centre, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Leoni
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - John Russo
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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