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Xu R, Meisner J, Chang AM, Thompson KC, Martínez TJ. First principles reaction discovery: from the Schrodinger equation to experimental prediction for methane pyrolysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7447-7464. [PMID: 37449065 PMCID: PMC10337770 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01202f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent success in exploiting graphical processing units (GPUs) to accelerate quantum chemistry computations led to the development of the ab initio nanoreactor, a computational framework for automatic reaction discovery and kinetic model construction. In this work, we apply the ab initio nanoreactor to methane pyrolysis, from automatic reaction discovery to path refinement and kinetic modeling. Elementary reactions occurring during methane pyrolysis are revealed using GPU-accelerated ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Subsequently, these reaction paths are refined at a higher level of theory with optimized reactant, product, and transition state geometries. Reaction rate coefficients are calculated by transition state theory based on the optimized reaction paths. The discovered reactions lead to a kinetic model with 53 species and 134 reactions, which is validated against experimental data and simulations using literature kinetic models. We highlight the advantage of leveraging local brute force and Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis approaches for efficient identification of important reactions. Both sensitivity approaches can further improve the accuracy of the methane pyrolysis kinetic model. The results in this work demonstrate the power of the ab initio nanoreactor framework for computationally affordable systematic reaction discovery and accurate kinetic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Jan Meisner
- Department of Chemistry, The PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Alexander M Chang
- Department of Chemistry, The PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Keiran C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, The PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, The PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
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2
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Zhang K, Chen L, Zhang T, Lu J, Liu D, Wu J. Machine learning quantitatively characterizes the deformation and destruction of explosive molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8692-8704. [PMID: 36892514 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04623g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Although explosives have been widely used in mines, road development, old building demolishing, and munition explosions; currently, how chemical bonds between atoms break and recombine, how the molecular structure is deformed and destroyed, how the reaction product molecules are formed, and the details for this rapid change process in explosive reactions are not yet fully understood, which limits the full use of explosive energy and safer use of explosives. This paper presents a quantitative model of molecular structure deformation using machine learning algorithms as well as a qualitative model of its relationship with molecular structure destruction, based on a molecular dynamics simulation and detailed analysis of the shock-loaded ε-CL-20, providing new perspectives for explosive community research. Specifically, the quantitative model of molecular structure deformation establishes the quantitative relationship between the molecular volume change and molecular position change, and between molecular distance change and molecular volume change using the machine learning algorithms such as Delaunay triangulation, clustering, and gradient descent. We find that the molecular spacing in explosives is strongly compressed after being shocked, and the peripheral structure can shrink inward, which is beneficial to keep the cage structure stable. When the peripheral structure is compressed to a certain extent, the cage structure volume begins to expand and is then destroyed. In addition, hydrogen atom transfer occurs within the explosive molecule. This study amplifies the structural changes and the chemical reaction process for explosive molecules after being strongly compressed by a shock wave, which can enrich the knowledge of the real detonation reaction process. The analysis method based on quantitative characterization using machine learning proposed in this study can also be used to analyze the microscopic reaction mechanism in other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Lang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Teng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jianying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Danyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Junying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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3
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Zhang M, Zhou B, Chen Y, Gong H. Kinetic Mechanism for Simulating the Temperature and Pressure Effect on the Explosive Decomposition of Acetylene by ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Baofeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Hao Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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4
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Dufour-Décieux V, Ransom B, Sendek AD, Freitas R, Blanchet J, Reed EJ. Temperature Extrapolation of Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Complex Chemistry to Microsecond Timescales Using Kinetic Models: Applications to Hydrocarbon Pyrolysis. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7496-7509. [PMID: 36399110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We develop a method to construct temperature-dependent kinetic models of hydrocarbon pyrolysis, based on information from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of pyrolyzing systems in the high-temperature regime. MD simulations are currently a key tool to understand the mechanism of complex chemical processes such as pyrolysis and to observe their outcomes in different conditions, but these simulations are computationally expensive and typically limited to nanoseconds of simulation time. This limitation is inconsequential at high temperatures, where equilibrium is reached quickly, but at low temperatures, the system may not equilibrate within a tractable simulation timescale. In this work, we develop a method to construct kinetic models of hydrocarbon pyrolysis using the information from the high-temperature high-reactivity regime. We then extrapolate this model to low temperatures, which enables microsecond-long simulations to be performed. We show that this approach accurately predicts the time evolution of small molecules, as well as the size and composition of long carbon chains across a wide range of temperatures and compositions. Further, we show that the range of suitable temperatures for extrapolation can easily be improved by adding more simulations to the training data. Compared to experimental results, our kinetic model leads to similar compositional trends while allowing for more detailed kinetic and mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dufour-Décieux
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Brandi Ransom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Austin D Sendek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States.,Aionics, Inc., Palo Alto, California94301, United States
| | - Rodrigo Freitas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Jose Blanchet
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Evan J Reed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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5
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Ilyin DV, Abarzhi SI. Interface dynamics and flow fields’ structure under thermal heat flux, thermal conductivity, destabilizing acceleration and inertial stabilization. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Interfaces and interfacial mixing are omnipresent in fluids, plasmas, materials in vastly different environments. A thorough understanding of their fundamentals is essential in many areas of science, mathematics, and technology. This work focuses on the classical problem of stability of a phase boundary that is a subject to fluxes of heat and mass across it for non-ideal thermally conducting fluids. We develop a rigorous theory resolving challenges not addressed before, including boundary conditions for thermal heat flux, structure of perturbation waves, and dependence of waves coupling on system parameters in a broad range of conditions. We discover the novel class of fluid instabilities in the three regimes—advection, diffusion, and low Mach—with properties that were never earlier discussed and that are defined by the interplay of the thermal heat flux, thermal conductivity and destabilizing acceleration with the inertial stabilization. We reveal the parameter controlling transitions between the regimes through varying the initial conditions. We find that the interface stability is set primarily by the macroscopic inertial mechanism balancing the destabilizing acceleration. The thermal heat flux and the microscopic thermodynamics create vortical fields in the bulk. By linking micro to macro scales, the interface is the place where balances are achieved.
Article highlights
This work yields the general theory of interface dynamics in a broad range of conditions.
The interplay is explored of inertial stabilization, destabilizing acceleration, thermal conductivity and heat flux.
We discover that interface is the place where balances are achieved through linking micro to macro scales.
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6
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McDermott MJ, Dwaraknath SS, Persson KA. A graph-based network for predicting chemical reaction pathways in solid-state materials synthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3097. [PMID: 34035255 PMCID: PMC8149458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated inorganic synthesis remains a significant challenge in the search for novel, functional materials. Many of the principles which enable "synthesis by design" in synthetic organic chemistry do not exist in solid-state chemistry, despite the availability of extensive computed/experimental thermochemistry data. In this work, we present a chemical reaction network model for solid-state synthesis constructed from available thermochemistry data and devise a computationally tractable approach for suggesting likely reaction pathways via the application of pathfinding algorithms and linear combination of lowest-cost paths in the network. We demonstrate initial success of the network in predicting complex reaction pathways comparable to those reported in the literature for YMnO3, Y2Mn2O7, Fe2SiS4, and YBa2Cu3O6.5. The reaction network presents opportunities for enabling reaction pathway prediction, rapid iteration between experimental/theoretical results, and ultimately, control of the synthesis of solid-state materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McDermott
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shyam S Dwaraknath
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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7
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Ford J, Seritan S, Zhu X, Sakano MN, Islam MM, Strachan A, Martínez TJ. Nitromethane Decomposition via Automated Reaction Discovery and an Ab Initio Corrected Kinetic Model. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1447-1460. [PMID: 33569957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We explore the systematic construction of kinetic models from in silico reaction data for the decomposition of nitromethane. Our models are constructed in a computationally affordable manner by using reactions discovered through accelerated molecular dynamics simulations using the ReaxFF reactive force field. The reaction paths are then optimized to determine reaction rate parameters. We introduce a reaction barrier correction scheme that combines accurate thermochemical data from density functional theory with ReaxFF minimal energy paths. We validate our models across different thermodynamic regimes, showing predictions of gas phase CO and NO concentrations and high-pressure induction times that are similar to experimental data. The kinetic models are analyzed to find fundamental decomposition reactions in different thermodynamic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ford
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stefan Seritan
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael N Sakano
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Md Mahbub Islam
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Alejandro Strachan
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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8
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Zhang ZJ, Chen ZF, Liu J. Path integral Liouville dynamics simulations of vibrational spectra of formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2006099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-jun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-fei Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Li G, Niu L, Xue X, Hao W, Liu Y, Zhang C. Atomic Perspective about the Reaction Mechanism and H 2 Production during the Combustion of Al Nanoparticles/H 2O 2 Bipropellants. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7399-7410. [PMID: 32830972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of Al nanoparticles (ANPs) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can serve as environmentally friendly bipropellants and maximize the energetic benefits through harnessing heat release and chemical energy stored in H2. This work presents an atomic insight into the combustion mechanism of ANPs/H2O2. Two main paths, including the ANPs oxidation by H2O2 to produce H2 and Al oxides, and the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 on ANP surface to generate O2 and H2O, are confirmed to maintain the combustion. OH and HOO radicals as well as H2O, O2, H2, and Al oxides are detected as dominant intermediates and products therein. It is evidenced that higher temperature, smaller ANP size, and higher H2O2 concentration enhance the combustion. Moreover, atomic details show that the H desorption from ANPs/Al clusters is a critical step for both H2 production and ANP oxidation. In addition, microexplosion that has been confirmed in hot and dense O2 is not observed in H2O2, even with a high concentration, possibly due to a slower heat release. Besides, the observed excellent specific impulse of the ANP/H2O2 bipropellants could be attributed to the considerable H2 production, instead of heat release. This work is expected to present an overall atomic perspective about the combustion mechanism of ANP/H2O2 bipropellants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), P.O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Liangliang Niu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), P.O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Xianggui Xue
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), P.O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Weizhe Hao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), P.O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), P.O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), P.O. Box 919-311, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China.,Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100048, China
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10
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Rice BM, Mattson WD, Larentzos JP, Byrd EFC. Heuristics for chemical species identification in dense systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0015664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy M. Rice
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - William D. Mattson
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - James P. Larentzos
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - Edward F. C. Byrd
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
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11
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Collinge G, Yuk SF, Nguyen MT, Lee MS, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R. Effect of Collective Dynamics and Anharmonicity on Entropy in Heterogenous Catalysis: Building the Case for Advanced Molecular Simulations. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Collinge
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simuck F. Yuk
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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12
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Interfaces and mixing: Nonequilibrium transport across the scales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18171-18174. [PMID: 31501342 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818855116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Nikšić-Franjić I, Ljubić I. Comparing the performances of various density functionals for modelling the mechanisms and kinetics of bimolecular free radical reactions in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23425-23440. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We systematically tested the performances of 18 density functionals for the mechanisms and kinetics of reactions of the α-hydroxyisopropyl radical with 9 organic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Ljubić
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
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14
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Interface dynamics: Mechanisms of stabilization and destabilization and structure of flow fields. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 116:18218-18226. [PMID: 30082395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacial mixing and transport are nonequilibrium processes coupling kinetic to macroscopic scales. They occur in fluids, plasmas, and materials over celestial events to atoms. Grasping their fundamentals can advance a broad range of disciplines in science, mathematics, and engineering. This paper focuses on the long-standing classic problem of stability of a phase boundary-a fluid interface that has a mass flow across it. We briefly review the recent advances in theoretical and experimental studies, develop the general theoretical framework directly linking the microscopic interfacial transport to the macroscopic flow fields, discover mechanisms of interface stabilization and destabilization that have not been discussed before for both inertial and accelerated dynamics, and chart perspectives for future research.
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