1
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Terry LM, Foreman MM, Weber JM. Effects of Anion Size, Shape, and Solvation in Binding of Nitrate to Octamethyl Calix[4]pyrrole. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:9481-9486. [PMID: 39254991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
We present cryogenic ion vibrational spectroscopy of complexes of the anion receptor octamethyl calix[4]pyrrole (omC4P) with nitrate in vacuo. We compare the resulting vibrational spectrum with that in deuterated acetonitrile solution, and we interpret the results using density functional theory. Nitrate binds to omC4P through hydrogen bonds between the four NH groups of the receptor and a single NO group of the nitrate ion. The shape of the ion breaks the C4v symmetry of the receptor, and this symmetry lowering is encoded in the pattern of the NH stretching modes of omC4P. We compare the spectrum of nitrate-omC4P with that of chloride-omC4P to discuss effects of ion size, shape, and solvent interaction on the ion binding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane M Terry
- JILA and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - Madison M Foreman
- JILA and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - J Mathias Weber
- JILA and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
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2
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Terry LM, Foreman MM, Rasmussen AP, McCoy AB, Weber JM. Probing Ion-Receptor Interactions in Halide Complexes of Octamethyl Calix[4]Pyrrole. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12401-12409. [PMID: 38652043 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Ion receptors are molecular hosts that bind ionic guests, often with great selectivity. The interplay of solvation and ion binding in anion host-guest complexes in solution governs the binding efficiency and selectivity of such ion receptors. To gain molecular-level insight into the intrinsic binding properties of octamethyl calix[4]pyrrole (omC4P) host molecules with halide guest ions, we performed cryogenic ion vibrational spectroscopy (CIVS) of omC4P in complexes with fluoride, chloride, and bromide ions. We interpret the spectra using density functional theory, describing the infrared spectra of these complexes with both harmonic and anharmonic second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) calculations. The NH stretching modes of the pyrrole moieties serve as sensitive probes of the ion binding properties, as their frequencies encode the ion-receptor interactions. While scaled harmonic spectra reproduce the experimental NH stretching modes of the chloride and bromide complexes in broad strokes, the high proton affinity of fluoride introduces strong anharmonic effects. As a result, the spectrum of F-·omC4P is not even qualitatively captured by harmonic calculations, but it is recovered very well by VPT2 calculations. In addition, the VPT2 calculations recover the intricate coupling of the NH stretching modes with overtones and combination bands of CH stretching and NH bending modes and with low-frequency vibrations of the omC4P macrocycle, which are apparent for all of the halide ion complexes investigated here. A comparison of the CIVS spectra with infrared spectra of solutions of the same ion-receptor complexes in d3-acetonitrile and d6-acetone shows how ion solvation changes the ion-receptor interactions for the different halide ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane M Terry
- JILA and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - Madison M Foreman
- JILA and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - Anne P Rasmussen
- JILA and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne B McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - J Mathias Weber
- JILA and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
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3
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Ma Z, Chen L, Xu C, Fournier JA. Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy of Isolated Molecular Ions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9683-9689. [PMID: 37871134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy of mass-selected, cryogenically cooled molecular ions is presented. Nonlinear response pathways, encoded in the time-domain photodissociation action response of weakly bound N2 messenger tags, were isolated using pulse shaping techniques following excitation with four collinear ultrafast IR pulses. 2D IR spectra of Re(CO)3(CH3CN)3+ ions capture off-diagonal cross-peak bleach signals between the asymmetric and symmetric carbonyl stretching transitions. These cross peaks display intensity variations as a function of pump-probe delay time due to coherent coupling between the vibrational modes. Well-resolved 2D IR features in the congested fingerprint region of protonated caffeine (C8H10N4O2H+) are also reported. Importantly, intense cross-peak signals were observed at 3 ps waiting time, indicating that tag-loss dynamics are not competing with the measured nonlinear signals. These demonstrations pave the way for more precise studies of molecular interactions and dynamics that are not easily obtainable with current condensed-phase methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Liangyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Chuzhi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Joseph A Fournier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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4
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Khuu T, Rana A, Edington SC, Yang N, McCoy AB, Johnson MA. Observation of Slow Eigen-Zundel Interconversion in H +(H 2O) 6 Clusters upon Isomer-Selective Vibrational Excitation and Buffer Gas Cooling in a Cryogenic Ion Trap. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:737-744. [PMID: 36972483 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation of isomers when trapping floppy cluster ions in a temperature-controlled ion trap is a generally observed phenomenon. This involves collisional quenching of the ions initially formed at high temperature by buffer gas cooling until their internal energies fall below the barriers in the potential energy surface that separate them. Here we explore the kinetics at play in the case of the two isomers adopted by the H+(H2O)6 cluster ion that differ in the proton accommodation motif. One of these is most like the Eigen cation with a tricoordinated hydronium motif (denoted E), and the other is most like the Zundel ion with the proton equally shared between two water molecules (denoted Z). After initial cooling to about 20 K in the radiofrequency (Paul) trap, the relative populations of these two spectroscopically distinct isomers are abruptly changed through isomer-selective photoexcitation of bands in the OH stretching region with a pulsed (∼6 ns) infrared laser while the ions are in the trap. We then monitor the relaxation of the vibrationally excited clusters and reformation of the two cold isomers by recording infrared photodissociation spectra with a second IR laser as a function of delay time from the initial excitation. The latter spectra are obtained after ejecting the trapped ions into a time-of-flight photofragmentation mass spectrometer, thus enabling long (∼0.1 s) delay times. Excitation of the Z isomer is observed to display long-lived vibrationally excited states that are collisionally cooled on a ms time scale, some of which quench into the E isomer. These excited E species then display spontaneous interconversion to the Z form on a ∼10 ms time scale. These qualitative observations set the stage for a series of experimental measurements that can provide quantitative benchmarks for theoretical simulations of cluster dynamics and the potential energy surfaces that underlie them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Khuu
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Abhijit Rana
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sean C Edington
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Anne B McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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5
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Martínez-Haya B, Avilés-Moreno JR, Gámez F, Martens J, Oomens J, Berden G. A Dynamic Proton Bond: MH +·H 2O ⇌ M·H 3O + Interconversion in Loosely Coordinated Environments. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1294-1300. [PMID: 36723385 PMCID: PMC9923742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of organic molecules with oxonium cations within their solvation shell may lead to the emergence of dynamic supramolecular structures with recurrently changing host-guest chemical identity. We illustrate this phenomenon in benchmark proton-bonded complexes of water with polyether macrocyles. Despite the smaller proton affinity of water versus the ether group, water in fact retains the proton in the form of H3O+, with increasing stability as the coordination number increases. Hindrance in many-fold coordination induces dynamic reversible (ether)·H3O+ ⇌ (etherH+)·H2O interconversion. We perform infrared action ion spectroscopy over a broad spectral range to expose the vibrational signatures of the loose proton bonding in these systems. Remarkably, characteristic bands for the two limiting proton bonding configurations are observed in the experimental vibrational spectra, superimposed onto diffuse bands associated with proton delocalization. These features cannot be described by static equilibrium structures but are accurately modeled within the framework of ab initio molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Martínez-Haya
- Department
of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Gámez
- Departamento
de Química Física, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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6
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Mitra S, Denton JK, Kelleher PJ, Johnson MA, Guasco TL, Choi TH, Jordan KD. Water Network Shape-Dependence of Local Interactions with the Microhydrated -NO 2- and -CO 2- Anionic Head Groups by Cold Ion Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2471-2479. [PMID: 35418229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the structural evolutions of water networks and solvatochromic response of the CH3NO2- radical anion in the OH and CH stretching regions by analysis of the vibrational spectra displayed by cryogenically cooled CH3NO2-·(H2O)n=1-6 clusters. The OH stretching bands evolve with a surprisingly large discontinuity at n = 6, which features the emergence of an intense, strongly red-shifted band along with a weaker feature that appears in the region assigned to a free OH fundamental. Very similar behavior is displayed by the perdeuterated carboxylate clusters, RCO2-·(H2O)n=5-7 (R = CD3CD2), indicating that this behavior is a general feature in the microhydration of the triatomic anionic domain and not associated with CH oscillators. Electronic structure calculations trace this behavior to the formation of a "book" isomer of the water hexamer that adopts a configuration in which one of the water molecules resides in an acceptor-acceptor-donor (AAD) (A = acceptor, D = donor) H-bonding site. Excitation of the bound OH in the AAD site explores the local network topology best suited to stabilize an incipient -XO2H-OH-(H2O)2 intracluster proton-transfer reaction. These systems thus provide particularly clear examples where the network shape controls the potential energy landscape that governs water network-mediated, intracluster proton transfer. The CH stretching bands of the CH3NO2-·(H2O)n=1-6 clusters also exhibit strong solvatochromic shifts, but in this case, they smoothly blue-shift with increasing hydration with no discontinuity at n = 6. This behavior is analyzed in the context of the solute-ion polarizability response and partial charge transfer to the water networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoni Mitra
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Joanna K Denton
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick J Kelleher
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Timothy L Guasco
- Department of Chemistry, Millikin University, Decatur, Illinois 62522, United States
| | - Tae Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kenneth D Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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7
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Goda R, Kanazawa S, Machida S, Muramatsu S, Inokuchi Y. Conformation of Benzo-12-Crown-4 Complexes with Ammonium Ions Investigated by Cold Gas-Phase Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10410-10418. [PMID: 34818015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the conformation and intermolecular interactions of benzo-12-crown-4 (B12C4) complexes with NH4+, CH3NH3+ (MeNH3+), CH3CH2NH3+ (EtNH3+), and CH3CH2CH2NH3+ (PrNH3+) using cold gas-phase spectroscopy. All of the B12C4 complexes showed sharp vibronic features in the UV photodissociation spectra, and the position of the 0-0 band was close to that of the B12C4 complex with an isotropic K+ guest. This result suggests that the conformation of B12C4 is maintained despite oriented interactions with ammonium guests via anisotropic N-H···O interactions. Further, we measured the IR-UV double-resonance spectra of these complexes in the NH stretching region. In the IR-UV spectra of the EtNH3+ and PrNH3+ complexes, two distinct IR fingerprints were observed depending on the UV probe wavelength selected, indicating the existence of another (second) conformer for these complexes. Quantum chemical calculations clarified that the second conformer of the EtNH3+ and PrNH3+ complexes was partially stabilized by the C-H···π hydrogen bond. The conformation of B12C4 complexes with ammonium ions is strongly affected by the interaction between the alkyl chain of the ion guest and the benzene ring of the B12C4 host, although the main intermolecular interaction occurs between the NH3+ group and crown cavity through the N-H···O hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Saya Kanazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Shiori Machida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Satoru Muramatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Inokuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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8
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Gámez F, Avilés-Moreno JR, Berden G, Oomens J, Martínez-Haya B. Proton in the ring: spectroscopy and dynamics of proton bonding in macrocycle cavities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21532-21543. [PMID: 34549205 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The proton bond is a paradigmatic quantum molecular interaction and a major driving force of supramolecular chemistry. The ring cavities of crown ethers provide an intriguing environment, promoting competitive proton sharing with multiple coordination anchors. This study shows that protons confined in crown ether cavities form dynamic bonds that migrate to varying pairs of coordinating atoms when allowed by the flexibility of the macrocycle backbone. Prototypic native crown ethers (12-crown-4, 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6) and aza-crown ethers (cyclen, 1-aza-18-crown-6 and hexacyclen) are investigated. For each system, Infrared action spectroscopy experiments and ab initio Molecular Dynamics computations are employed to elucidate the structural effects associated with proton diffusion and its entanglement with the conformational and vibrational dynamics of the protonated host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gámez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan R Avilés-Moreno
- Department of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giel Berden
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Martínez-Haya
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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9
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Sibert EL, Blodgett KN, Zwier TS. Spectroscopic Manifestations of Indirect Vibrational State Mixing: Novel Anharmonic Effects on a Prereactive H Atom Transfer Surface. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7318-7330. [PMID: 34382795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The NH stretch region of the IR spectrum of methyl anthranilate is modeled in the S1 state to understand the connection between the absence of this fundamental in the fluorescence-dip infrared spectra of Blodgett et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2020, 22, 14077] and its relevance to the H atom dislocation that occurs upon electronic excitation. A set of coordinates are chosen that highlight the role of certain low-frequency modes. A Hamiltonian is developed in which a large-amplitude two-dimensional surface describing the H-bonded H atom is linearly and quadratically coupled to the remaining degrees of freedom which are treated at the harmonic level. The surface is calculated within the time-dependent density functional theory framework by using the B3LYP/6-311++(d, p) level of theory with dispersion. Our spectral results show that indirect couplings lead to massive intensity sharing over hundreds of wavenumbers. This sharing is predicted to be dramatically reduced upon deuteration. The spectral broadening mechanism is found to involve off-resonant doorway states that are themselves strongly coupled to states nearly degenerate with the NH stretch fundamental and represents a complementary mechanism to previous explanations based on Fermi resonance or the presence of Franck-Condon like combination bands with low-frequency motions. Consistent with the spectra predictions, time-dependent calculations show that if the NH stretch fundamental were excited with an ultrafast laser, it would decay within 40 fs. The competition between H atom dislocation and vibrational relaxation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin L Sibert
- Department of Chemistry and Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Karl N Blodgett
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Timothy S Zwier
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
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10
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Asymmetric Solvation of the Zinc Dimer Cation Revealed by Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy of Zn 2+(H 2O) n ( n = 1-20). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116026. [PMID: 34199627 PMCID: PMC8199724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating metal-ion solvation—in particular, the fundamental binding interactions—enhances the understanding of many processes, including hydrogen production via catalysis at metal centers and metal corrosion. Infrared spectra of the hydrated zinc dimer (Zn2+(H2O)n; n = 1–20) were measured in the O–H stretching region, using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. These spectra were then compared with those calculated by using density functional theory. For all cluster sizes, calculated structures adopting asymmetric solvation to one Zn atom in the dimer were found to lie lower in energy than structures adopting symmetric solvation to both Zn atoms. Combining experiment and theory, the spectra show that water molecules preferentially bind to one Zn atom, adopting water binding motifs similar to the Zn+(H2O)n complexes studied previously. A lower coordination number of 2 was observed for Zn2+(H2O)3, evident from the highly red-shifted band in the hydrogen bonding region. Photodissociation leading to loss of a neutral Zn atom was observed only for n = 3, attributed to a particularly low calculated Zn binding energy for this cluster size.
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11
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Zeng HJ, Johnson MA. Demystifying the Diffuse Vibrational Spectrum of Aqueous Protons Through Cold Cluster Spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:667-691. [PMID: 33646816 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-061020-053456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ease with which the pH is routinely determined for aqueous solutions masks the fact that the cationic product of Arrhenius acid dissolution, the hydrated proton, or H+(aq), is a remarkably complex species. Here, we review how results obtained over the past 30 years in the study of H+⋅(H2O)n cluster ions isolated in the gas phase shed light on the chemical nature of H+(aq). This effort has also revealed molecular-level aspects of the Grotthuss relay mechanism for positive-charge translocation in water. Recently developed methods involving cryogenic cooling in radiofrequency ion traps and the application of two-color, infrared-infrared (IR-IR) double-resonance spectroscopy have established a clear picture of how local hydrogen-bond topology drives the diverse spectral signatures of the excess proton. This information now enables a new generation of cluster studies designed to unravel the microscopic mechanics underlying the ultrafast relaxation dynamics displayed by H+(aq).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Zeng
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
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12
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Bessam S, Reguig FH, Krallafa AM, Martínez-Haya B. Dynamics of coordination of H 3O + and NH 4+ in crown ether cavities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8633-8640. [PMID: 33876024 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00575h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crown ethers stand out for their ability to form inclusion complexes with metal cations and positively charged molecular moieties. Hydronium and ammonium interact strongly with crown ethers and potentially modulate their ionophoric activity in protic solvents and physiological environments commonly involved in (bio)technological applications. In this work, Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) computations are employed to gain insights into the coordination arrangements of H3O+ and NH4+ in the complexes with the native crown ethers 15-crown-5 (15c5) and 18-crown-6 (18c6). Both cations display dynamic changes in coordination inside the cavities of the crown ethers. On the one hand, hydronium explores different coordination arrangements, through rotation around its C3 axis in the 15c5 complex, and through breathing motions, involving rapid inversions of the O atom along the C3 axis in the 18c6 complex. On the other hand, ammonium undergoes a facile rotation in three dimensional space, leading to frequent changes in the NH bonds involved in the coordination with the crown ether. The reduced host-guest symmetry matching of the 15c5 macrocycle enhances the reorientation dynamics and, in the case of H3O+, it promotes short H-bonding distances yielding events of proton transfer to the crown ether. The infrared vibrational spectra predicted by the BOMD computations within this dynamic framework reproduce with remarkable accuracy the action spectra of the isolated complexes obtained in previous infrared laser spectroscopy experiments. The experimentally observed band positions and broadening can then be rationalized in terms of orientational diffusion of the cations, changes in the coordinating H-bonding pairs sustaining the complex and eventual proton bridge formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bessam
- LCPM Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Oran 1, Ahmed BenBella, Oran, Algeria
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13
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Jiang S, Su M, Yang S, Wang C, Huang QR, Li G, Xie H, Yang J, Wu G, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Kuo JL, Liu ZF, Zhang DH, Yang X, Jiang L. Vibrational Signature of Dynamic Coupling of a Strong Hydrogen Bond. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2259-2265. [PMID: 33636082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the dynamic couplings of hydrogen bonds remains an important and challenging goal for spectroscopic studies of bulk systems, because their vibrational signatures are masked by the collective effects of the fluctuation of many hydrogen bonds. Here we utilize size-selected infrared spectroscopy based on a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser to unmask the vibrational signatures for the dynamic couplings in neutral trimethylamine-water and trimethylamine-methanol complexes, as microscopic models with only one single hydrogen bond holding two molecules. Surprisingly broad progression of OH stretching peaks with distinct intensity modulation over ∼700 cm-1 is observed for trimethylamine-water, while the dramatic reduction of this progression in the trimethylamine-methanol spectrum offers direct experimental evidence for the dynamic couplings. State-of-the-art quantum mechanical calculations reveal that such dynamic couplings are originated from strong Fermi resonance between the stretches of hydrogen-bonded OH and several motions of the solvent water/methanol, such as translation, rocking, and bending, which are significant in various solvated complexes commonly found in atmospheric and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingzhi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian-Rui Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Feng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 10, 2nd Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518507, China
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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14
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Münst MG, Ončák M, Beyer MK, van der Linde C. Infrared spectroscopy of CO 3 •-(H 2O) 1,2 and CO 4 •-(H 2O) 1,2. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084301. [PMID: 33639763 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrated molecular anions are present in the atmosphere. Revealing the structure of the microsolvation is key to understanding their chemical properties. The infrared spectra of CO3 •-(H2O)1,2 and CO4 •-(H2O)1,2 were measured via infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy in both warm and cold environments. Redshifted from the free O-H stretch frequency, broad, structured spectra were observed in the O-H stretching region for all cluster ions, which provide information on the interaction of the hydrogen atoms with the central ion. In the C-O stretching region, the spectra exhibit clear maxima, but dissociation of CO3 •-(H2O)1,2 was surprisingly inefficient. While CO3 •-(H2O)1,2 and CO4 •-(H2O) dissociate via loss of water, CO2 loss is the dominant dissociation channel for CO4 •-(H2O)2. The experimental spectra are compared to calculated spectra within the harmonic approximation and from analysis of molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations support the hypothesis that many isomers contribute to the observed spectrum at finite temperatures. The highly fluxional nature of the clusters is the main reason for the spectral broadening, while water-water hydrogen bonding seems to play a minor role in the doubly hydrated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian G Münst
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Yang N, Khuu T, Mitra S, Duong CH, Johnson MA, DiRisio RJ, McCoy AB, Miliordos E, Xantheas SS. Isolating the Contributions of Specific Network Sites to the Diffuse Vibrational Spectrum of Interfacial Water with Isotopomer-Selective Spectroscopy of Cold Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10393-10406. [PMID: 33270448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Decoding the structural information contained in the interfacial vibrational spectrum of water requires understanding how the spectral signatures of individual water molecules respond to their local hydrogen bonding environments. In this study, we isolated the contributions for the five classes of sites that differ according to the number of donor (D) and acceptor (A) hydrogen bonds that characterize each site. These patterns were measured by exploiting the unique properties of the water cluster cage structures formed in the gas phase upon hydration of a series of cations M+·(H2O)n (M = Li, Na, Cs, NH4, CH3NH3, H3O, and n = 5, 20-22). This selection of ions was chosen to systematically express the A, AD, AAD, ADD, and AADD hydrogen bonding motifs. The spectral signatures of each site were measured using two-color, IR-IR isotopomer-selective photofragmentation vibrational spectroscopy of the cryogenically cooled, mass selected cluster ions in which a single intact H2O is introduced without isotopic scrambling, an important advantage afforded by the cluster regime. The resulting patterns provide an unprecedented picture of the intrinsic line shapes and spectral complexities associated with excitation of the individual OH groups, as well as the correlation between the frequencies of the two OH groups on the same water molecule, as a function of network site. The properties of the surrounding water network that govern this frequency map are evaluated by dissecting electronic structure calculations that explore how changes in the nearby network structures, both within and beyond the first hydration shell, affect the local frequency of an OH oscillator. The qualitative trends are recovered with a simple model that correlates the OH frequency with the network-modulated local electron density in the center of the OH bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Thien Khuu
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sayoni Mitra
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Chinh H Duong
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ryan J DiRisio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Anne B McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Evangelos Miliordos
- Advanced Computing, Mathematics and Data Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sotiris S Xantheas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Advanced Computing, Mathematics and Data Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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16
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Zeng HJ, Khuu T, Chambreau SD, Boatz JA, Vaghjiani GL, Johnson MA. Ionic Liquid Clusters Generated from Electrospray Thrusters: Cold Ion Spectroscopic Signatures of Size-Dependent Acid-Base Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10507-10516. [PMID: 33284621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We determine the intramolecular distortions at play in the 2-hydroxyethylhydrazinium nitrate (HEHN) ionic liquid (IL) propellant, which presents the interesting case that the HEH+ cation has multiple sites (i.e., hydroxy, primary amine, and secondary ammonium groups) available for H-bonding with the nitrate anion. These interactions are quantified by analyzing the vibrational band patterns displayed by cold cationic clusters, (HEH+)n(NO3-)n-1, n = 2-6, which are obtained using IR photodissociation of the cryogenically cooled, mass-selected ions. The strong interaction involving partial proton transfer of the acidic N-H proton in HEH+ cation to the nitrate anion is strongly enhanced in the ternary n = 2 cluster but is suppressed with increasing cluster size. The cluster spectra recover the bands displayed by the bulk liquid by n = 5, thus establishing the minimum domain required to capture this aspect of macroscopic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Zeng
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Thien Khuu
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Steven D Chambreau
- Jacobs Technology, Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RQRP, Edwards Air Force Base, California 93524, United States
| | - Jerry A Boatz
- Propellants Branch, Rocket Propulsion Division, Aerospace Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RQRP, Edwards Air Force Base, California 93524, United States
| | - Ghanshyam L Vaghjiani
- In-Space Propulsion Branch, Rocket Propulsion Division, Aerospace Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RQRP, Edwards Air Force Base, California 93524, United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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17
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Pascher TF, Ončák M, van der Linde C, Beyer MK. Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy of anionic copper formate clusters. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias F. Pascher
- Institut für Ionen und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionen und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionen und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionen und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Khuu T, Yang N, Johnson MA. Vibrational spectroscopy of the cryogenically cooled O- and N-protomers of 4-Aminobenzoic acid: Tag effects, isotopic labels, and identification of the E,Z isomer of the O-protomer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 457:116427. [PMID: 32982573 PMCID: PMC7511085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2020.116427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
4-Aminobenzoic acid (4ABA) is a biologically relevant, small organic molecule with two protonation sites: the amino group (N-protomer) and the carboxyl group (O-protomer). The O-protomer is energetically preferred in the gas-phase, while the higher energy N-protomer can be trapped using aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile during electrospray ionization. Here, we focus on the structure of the O-protomer, which can occur in three low-lying isomeric forms that result from different orientations of the OH groups relative to the benzene ring. We report the vibrational spectra of both N- and O-protomers of the cryogenically cooled ions in the gas phase over the spectral range 800-4000 cm-1. The bands arising from the OH stretches are isolated from the nearby NH stretching fundamentals using isotopic labeling as well as by analysis of the shifts in these fundamentals upon attachment of D2 and N2 molecules to the OH groups of the O-protomer. The spectra of isomers derived from the different locations of the adducts were isolated using two-color, IR-IR photofragmentation spectroscopy. The docking motifs by which the O-protomer binds to another 4ABA molecule is also explored and found to feature a bifurcated arrangement involving attachment of both OH groups of the protonated head group to the carbonyl group of the neutral partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Khuu
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | - Nan Yang
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520
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19
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Guo J, Cao D, Chen J, Bian K, Xu LM, Wang EG, Jiang Y. Probing the intermolecular coupled vibrations in a water cluster with inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:234301. [PMID: 32571057 DOI: 10.1063/5.0009385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrogen-bonding networks of water have strong intra- and intermolecular vibrational coupling which influences the energy dissipation and proton transfer in water. Disentangling and quantitative characterization of different coupling effects in water at a single-molecular level still remains a great challenge. Using tip-enhanced inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) based on low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, we report the direct quantitative assessment of the intermolecular coupling constants of the OH-stretch vibrational bands of an isolated water tetramer adsorbed on a Au(111)-supported NaCl(001) bilayer film. This is achieved by distinguishing various coupled modes of the H-bonded O-H stretching vibrations through tip-height dependent IET spectra. In contrast, such vibrational coupling is negligible in the half-deuterated water tetramer owing to the large energy mismatch between the OH and OD stretching modes. Not only do these findings advance our understanding on the effects of local environment on the intermolecular vibrational coupling in water, but also open up a new route for vibrational spectroscopic studies of extended H-bonded network at the single-molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanyun Cao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Bian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Ge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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20
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Pascher TF, Ončák M, van der Linde C, Beyer MK. UV/Vis Spectroscopy of Copper Formate Clusters: Insight into Metal-Ligand Photochemistry. Chemistry 2020; 26:8286-8295. [PMID: 32155292 PMCID: PMC7384192 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure and photochemistry of copper formate clusters, CuI2(HCO2)3− and CuIIn(HCO2)2n+1−, n≤8, are investigated in the gas phase by using UV/Vis spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical calculations. A clear difference in the spectra of clusters with CuI and CuII copper ions is observed. For the CuI species, transitions between copper d and s/p orbitals are recorded. For stoichiometric CuII formate clusters, the spectra are dominated by copper d–d transitions and charge‐transfer excitations from formate to the vacant copper d orbital. Calculations reveal the existence of several energetically low‐lying isomers, and the energetic position of the electronic transitions depends strongly on the specific isomer. The oxidation state of the copper centers governs the photochemistry. In CuII(HCO2)3−, fast internal conversion into the electronic ground state is observed, leading to statistical dissociation; for charge‐transfer excitations, specific excited‐state reaction channels are observed in addition, such as formyloxyl radical loss. In CuI2(HCO2)3−, the system relaxes to a local minimum on an excited‐state potential‐energy surface and might undergo fluorescence or reach a conical intersection to the ground state; in both cases, this provides substantial energy for statistical decomposition. Alternatively, a CuII(HCO2)3Cu0− biradical structure is formed in the excited state, which gives rise to the photochemical loss of a neutral copper atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias F Pascher
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Haack A, Benter T, Kersten H. Computational analysis of the proton-bound acetonitrile dimer, (ACN) 2 H . RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8767. [PMID: 32115782 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry the theoretical thermodynamic treatment of proton-bound cluster stabilities helps us to understand the prevailing chemical processes. However, such calculations are rather challenging because low-barrier internal rotations and strong anharmonicity of the hydrogen bonds cause the breakdown of the usually applied harmonic approximation. Even the implemented anharmonic treatment in standard ab initio software failed in the case of (ACN)2 H+ . METHODS For a case study of the proton-bound acetonitrile dimer, (ACN)2 H+ , we scan the potential energy surface (PES) for the internal rotation and the proton movement in all three spatial directions. We correct the partition functions by treating the internal rotation as a free rotor and by solving the nuclear Schrödinger equation explicitly for the proton movement. An additional PES scan for the dissociation surface further improves the understanding of the cluster behavior. RESULTS The internal rotation is essentially barrier free (V0 = 2.6 × 10-6 eV) and the proton's movement between the two nitrogen atoms follows a quartic rather than quadratic potential. As a figure of merit we calculate the free dissociation enthalpy of the dimer. Our description significantly improves the standard results from about 118.3 kJ/mol to 99.6 kJ/mol, compared with the experimentally determined value of 92.2 kJ/mol. The dissociation surface reveals strong crosstalk between modes and is essentially responsible for the observed errors. CONCLUSIONS The presented corrections to the partition functions significantly improve their accuracy and are rather easy to implement. In addition, this work stresses the importance of alternative theoretical methods for proton-bound cluster systems besides the standard harmonic approximations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Haack
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thorsten Benter
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hendrik Kersten
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
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22
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Barwa E, Pascher TF, Ončák M, Linde C, Beyer MK. Aktivierung von Kohlenstoffdioxid an Metallzentren: Entwicklung des Ladungstransfers von Mg
.+
auf CO
2
in [MgCO
2
(H
2
O)
n
]
.+
,
n=
0–8. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Barwa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Tobias F. Pascher
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Christian Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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23
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Kubo M, Kida M, Muramatsu S, Inokuchi Y. Induced Fit of Crown Cavity to Ammonium Ion Guests and Photoinduced Intracavity Reactions: Cold Gas-Phase Spectroscopy of Dibenzo-18-Crown-6 Complexes with NH 4+, CH 3NH 3+, and CH 3CH 2NH 3. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3228-3241. [PMID: 32255649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) spectra of dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) complexes with NH4+, CH3NH3+ (MeNH3+), and CH3CH2NH3+ (EtNH3+) [NH4+(DB18C6), MeNH3+(DB18C6), and EtNH3+(DB18C6), respectively] were observed under cold gas-phase conditions. We also measured the infrared (IR)-UV double-resonance spectra of these complexes in the NH stretching region to examine the encapsulation structure. The UVPD and IR-UV spectra were analyzed using quantum chemical calculations. All the ammonium complexes show sharp 0-0 bands at positions close to that of the K+(DB18C6) complex; the conformation of the DB18C6 component in the ammonium complexes is similar to that in K+(DB18C6). In addition, the ammonium complexes each have another type of isomer that the K+(DB18C6) complex does not show in the gas phase. In these isomers, the conformation of the DB18C6 cavity changes, and the strength of the NH···O hydrogen bond increases. During the UVPD, the NH4+(DB18C6) complex provides various photofragment species, such as the C8H9O2+ ion, resulting from cleavage of the DB18C6 component, whereas the dominant fragment ion for the MeNH3+(DB18C6) and EtNH3+(DB18C6) complexes is the ammonium ion itself. The UVPD investigation of deuterated systems suggests that after UV excitation of the NH4+(DB18C6) complex, the dissociation process is initiated by proton transfer from NH4+ to DB18C6, followed by the migration of hydrogen atoms in the crown cavity and the cleavage of the ether ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Motoki Kida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Satoru Muramatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Inokuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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24
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Haack A, Polaczek C, Tsolakis M, Thinius M, Kersten H, Benter T. Charge Retention/Charge Depletion in ESI-MS: Theoretical Rationale. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:785-795. [PMID: 32150409 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gas phase modification in ESI-MS can significantly alter the charge state distribution of small peptides and proteins. The preceding paper presented a systematic experimental study on this topic using Substance P and proposed a charge retention/charge depletion mechanism, explaining different gas- and liquid-phase modifications [Thinius et al. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spec. 2020, 10.1021/jasms.9b00044]. In this work, we aim to support this rational by theoretical investigations on the proton transfer processes from (multiply) charged analytes toward solvent clusters. As model systems we use small (di)amines as analytes and methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (ACN) as gas phase modifiers. The calculations are supported by a set of experiments using (di)amines, to bridge the gap between the present model system and Substance P used in the preceding study. Upon calculation of the thermochemical stability as well as the proton transfer pathways, we find that both ACN and MeOH form stable adduct clusters at the protonation site. MeOH can form large clusters through a chain of H-bridges, eventually lowering the barriers for proton transfer to an extent that charge transfer from the analyte to the MeOH cluster becomes feasible. ACN, however, cannot form H-bridged structures due to its aprotic nature. Hence, the charge is retained at the original protonation site, i.e., the analyte. The investigation confirms the proposed charge retention/charge depletion model. Thus, adding aprotic solvent vapors to the gas phase of an ESI source more likely yields higher charge states than using protic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Haack
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christine Polaczek
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Manuel Tsolakis
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marco Thinius
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hendrik Kersten
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thorsten Benter
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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25
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Barwa E, Pascher TF, Ončák M, van der Linde C, Beyer MK. Carbon Dioxide Activation at Metal Centers: Evolution of Charge Transfer from Mg .+ to CO 2 in [MgCO 2 (H 2 O) n ] .+ , n=0-8. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7467-7471. [PMID: 32100953 PMCID: PMC7217156 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We investigate activation of carbon dioxide by singly charged hydrated magnesium cations Mg .+(H2O)n, through infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. The spectra of [MgCO2(H2O)n].+ in the 1250–4000 cm−1 region show a sharp transition from n=2 to n=3 for the position of the CO2 antisymmetric stretching mode. This is evidence for the activation of CO2 via charge transfer from Mg .+ to CO2 for n≥3, while smaller clusters feature linear CO2 coordinated end‐on to the metal center. Starting with n=5, we see a further conformational change, with CO2.− coordination to Mg2+ gradually shifting from bidentate to monodentate, consistent with preferential hexa‐coordination of Mg2+. Our results reveal in detail how hydration promotes CO2 activation by charge transfer at metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Barwa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias F Pascher
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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26
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Mitra S, Duong CH, McCaslin LM, Gerber RB, Johnson MA. Isomer-specific cryogenic ion vibrational spectroscopy of the D 2 tagged Cs +(HNO 3)(H 2O) n=0-2 complexes: ion-driven enhancement of the acidic H-bond to water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4501-4507. [PMID: 32068217 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06689f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report how the binary HNO3(H2O) interaction is modified upon complexation with a nearby Cs+ ion. Isomer-selective IR photodissociation spectra of the D2-tagged, ternary Cs+(HNO3)H2O cation confirms that two structural isomers are generated in the cryogenic ion source. In one of these, both HNO3 and H2O are directly coordinated to the ion, while in the other, the water molecule is attached to the OH group of the acid, which in turn binds to Cs+ with its -NO2 group. The acidic OH stretching fundamental in the latter isomer displays a ∼300 cm-1 red-shift relative to that in the neutral H-bonded van der Waals complex, HNO3(H2O). This behavior is analyzed with the aid of electronic structure calculations and discussed in the context of the increased effective acidity of HNO3 in the presence of the cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoni Mitra
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Chinh H Duong
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Laura M McCaslin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. and Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz-Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. and Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz-Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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27
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Duong CH, Yang N, Johnson MA, DiRisio RJ, McCoy AB, Yu Q, Bowman JM. Disentangling the Complex Vibrational Mechanics of the Protonated Water Trimer by Rational Control of Its Hydrogen Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7965-7972. [PMID: 31430153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The vibrational spectrum of the protonated water trimer, H+(H2O)3, is surprisingly complex, with many strong features in the expected region of the fundamentals associated with two H-bonded OH groups on the H3O+ core ion. Here we follow how the bands in this region of the spectrum evolve when the energies of the fundamentals in the H-bonded OH stretches are systematically increased by the attachment of increasingly strongly bound "tag" molecules (He, Ar, D2, N2, CO, and H2O) to the free OH position on the hydronium core ion of H+(H2O)3, as well as by replacement of the hydrogen atom in the nonbonded OH group on hydronium with methyl and ethyl groups. This allows for the incremental transformation of the complex band pattern observed in H+(H2O)3 into that of the "Eigen" structure of the protonated water tetramer. Differences among the trajectories of the various bands provide an empirical way to disentangle features primarily due to the displacements of the OH stretches bound to the hydronium core from those arising from anharmonic coupling to states involving one or more quanta in lower frequency modes. The latter are found to be dramatically enhanced when the nominal frequencies of the intermolecular OH stretching modes approach those of the intramolecular bends of the H3O+ and H2O constituents in both H and D isotopologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh H Duong
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Nan Yang
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Ryan J DiRisio
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Anne B McCoy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Computational Science , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Joel M Bowman
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Computational Science , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
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28
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Henderson BV, Jordan KD. One-Dimensional Adiabatic Model Approach for Calculating Progressions in Vibrational Spectra of Ion–Water Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7042-7050. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan V. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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29
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Yang N, Duong CH, Kelleher PJ, McCoy AB, Johnson MA. Deconstructing water's diffuse OH stretching vibrational spectrum with cold clusters. Science 2019; 364:275-278. [PMID: 31000660 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The diffuse vibrational envelope displayed by water precludes direct observation of how different hydrogen-bond topologies dictate the spectral response of individual hydroxy group (OH) oscillators. Using cold, isotopically labeled cluster ions, we report the spectral signatures of a single, intact water (H2O) molecule embedded at various sites in the clathrate-like cage structure adopted by the Cs+·(D2O)20 ion. These patterns reveal the site-dependent correlation between the frequencies of the two OH groups on the same water molecule and establish that the bound OH companion of the free OH group exclusively accounts for bands in the lower-energy region of the spectrum. The observed multiplet structures reveal the homogeneous linewidths of the fundamentals and quantify the anharmonic contributions arising from coupling to both the intramolecular bending and intermolecular soft modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chinh H Duong
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Patrick J Kelleher
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anne B McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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30
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Fischer KC, Sherman SL, Voss JM, Zhou J, Garand E. Microsolvation Structures of Protonated Glycine and l-Alanine. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3355-3366. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn C. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Summer L. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Voss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Etienne Garand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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31
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Xie L, Cheng H, Fang D, Chen ZN, Yang M. Enhanced QM/MM sampling for free energy calculation of chemical reactions: A case study of double proton transfer. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:044111. [PMID: 30709281 DOI: 10.1063/1.5072779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Free energy calculations for chemical reactions with a steep energy barrier require well defined reaction coordinates (RCs). However, when multiple parallel channels exist along selected RC, the application of conventional enhanced samplings is difficult to generate correct sampling within limited simulation time and thus cannot give correct prediction about the favorable pathways, the relative stability of multiple products or intermediates. Here, we implement the selective integrated tempering sampling (SITS) method with quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potential to investigate the chemical reactions in solution. The combined SITS-QM/MM scheme is used to identify possible reaction paths, intermediate and product states, and the free energy profiles for the different reaction paths. Two double proton transfer reactions were studied to validate the implemented method and simulation protocol, from which the independent and correlated proton transfer processes are identified in two representative systems, respectively. This protocol can be generalized to various kinds of chemical reactions for both academic studies and industry applications, such as in exploration and optimization of potential reactions in DNA encoded compound library and halogen or deuterium substitution of the hit discovery and lead optimization stages of drug design via providing a better understanding of the reaction mechanism along the designed chemical reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxu Xie
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 21300, China
| | - Huimin Cheng
- XtalPi Inc. (Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd.), Times Science & Tech Mansion E. 20F, 7028 Shennan Ave, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Fang
- XtalPi Inc. (Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd.), Times Science & Tech Mansion E. 20F, 7028 Shennan Ave, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- XtalPi Inc. (Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd.), Times Science & Tech Mansion E. 20F, 7028 Shennan Ave, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
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32
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Straka M, Andris E, Vícha J, Růžička A, Roithová J, Rulíšek L. Spectroscopic and Computational Evidence of Intramolecular AuI
⋅⋅⋅H+
−N Hydrogen Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Straka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Erik Andris
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Hlavova 2030/8 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vícha
- Centre of Polymer Systems; Tomas Bata University in Zlín; tř. Tomáše Bati 5678 76001 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Hlavova 2030/8 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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33
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Straka M, Andris E, Vícha J, Růžička A, Roithová J, Rulíšek L. Spectroscopic and Computational Evidence of Intramolecular Au I ⋅⋅⋅H + -N Hydrogen Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2011-2016. [PMID: 30600866 PMCID: PMC6519277 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence of short Au⋅⋅⋅H−X contacts derived from a number of X‐ray structures of AuI compounds, the nature of AuI⋅⋅⋅H bonding in these systems has not been clearly understood. Herein, we present the first spectroscopic evidence for an intramolecular AuI⋅⋅⋅H+−N hydrogen bond in a [Cl−Au−L]+ complex, where L is a protonated N‐heterocyclic carbene. The complex was isolated in the gas phase and characterized with helium‐tagging infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectra, in which H+−N‐mode‐derived bands evidence the intramolecular AuI⋅⋅⋅H+−N bond. Quantum chemical calculations reproduce the experimental IRPD spectra and allow to characterize the intramolecular Au⋅⋅⋅H+−N bonding with a short rAu⋅⋅⋅H distance of 2.17 Å and an interaction energy of approximately −10 kcal mol−1. Various theoretical descriptors of chemical bonding calculated for the Au⋅⋅⋅H+−N interaction provide strong evidence for a hydrogen bond of moderate strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Straka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Andris
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vícha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 76001, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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34
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Poštulka J, Slavíček P, Domaracka A, Pysanenko A, Fárník M, Kočišek J. Proton transfer from pinene stabilizes water clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13925-13933. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05959d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular beams experiments and ab initio theory reveal indirect formation of protonated water clusters by ionization of pinene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Poštulka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences
- 18223 Prague
| | - Alicja Domaracka
- Normandie Univ., ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP
- 14000 Caen
- France
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences
- 18223 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences
- 18223 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences
- 18223 Prague
- Czech Republic
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35
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Vietze L, Bonn M, Grechko M. Two-Dimensional Terahertz-Infrared-Visible Spectroscopy Elucidates Coupling Between Low- and High-Frequency Modes. SPRINGER SERIES IN OPTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9753-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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36
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Duong CH, Yang N, Kelleher PJ, Johnson MA, DiRisio RJ, McCoy AB, Yu Q, Bowman JM, Henderson BV, Jordan KD. Tag-Free and Isotopomer-Selective Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Cryogenically Cooled H9O4+ Cation with Two-Color, IR–IR Double-Resonance Photoexcitation: Isolating the Spectral Signature of a Single OH Group in the Hydronium Ion Core. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9275-9284. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinh H. Duong
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nan Yang
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick J. Kelleher
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ryan J. DiRisio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Computational Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel M. Bowman
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Computational Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Bryan V. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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37
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Napoli JA, Marsalek O, Markland TE. Decoding the spectroscopic features and time scales of aqueous proton defects. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:222833. [PMID: 29907063 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid solutions exhibit a variety of complex structural and dynamical features arising from the presence of multiple interacting reactive proton defects and counterions. However, disentangling the transient structural motifs of proton defects in the water hydrogen bond network and the mechanisms for their interconversion remains a formidable challenge. Here, we use simulations treating the quantum nature of both the electrons and nuclei to show how the experimentally observed spectroscopic features and relaxation time scales can be elucidated using a physically transparent coordinate that encodes the overall asymmetry of the solvation environment of the proton defect. We demonstrate that this coordinate can be used both to discriminate the extremities of the features observed in the linear vibrational spectrum and to explain the molecular motions that give rise to the interconversion time scales observed in recent nonlinear experiments. This analysis provides a unified condensed-phase picture of the proton structure and dynamics that, at its extrema, encompasses proton sharing and spectroscopic features resembling the limiting Eigen [H3O(H2O)3]+ and Zundel [H(H2O)2]+ gas-phase structures, while also describing the rich variety of interconverting environments in the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Napoli
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ondrej Marsalek
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas E Markland
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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38
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Grechko M, Hasegawa T, D'Angelo F, Ito H, Turchinovich D, Nagata Y, Bonn M. Coupling between intra- and intermolecular motions in liquid water revealed by two-dimensional terahertz-infrared-visible spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:885. [PMID: 29491413 PMCID: PMC5830436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between intramolecular and intermolecular degrees of freedom in liquid water underlies fundamental chemical and physical phenomena such as energy dissipation and proton transfer. Yet, it has been challenging to elucidate the coupling between these different types of modes. Here, we report on the direct observation and quantification of the coupling between intermolecular and intramolecular coordinates using two-dimensional, ultra-broadband, terahertz-infrared-visible (2D TIRV) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics calculations. Our study reveals strong coupling of the O-H stretch vibration, independent of the degree of delocalization of this high-frequency mode, to low-frequency intermolecular motions over a wide frequency range from 50 to 250 cm-1, corresponding to both the intermolecular hydrogen bond bending (≈ 60 cm-1) and stretching (≈ 180 cm-1) modes. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the coupling of the O-H stretch vibration to collective, delocalized intermolecular modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Grechko
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Taisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesco D'Angelo
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hironobu Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, 422-8529, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Dmitry Turchinovich
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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39
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Jašíková L, Roithová J. Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation Spectroscopy with Free-Electron Lasers: On the Road from Small Molecules to Biomolecules. Chemistry 2018; 24:3374-3390. [PMID: 29314303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy is commonly used to determine the structure of isolated, mass-selected ions in the gas phase. This method has been widely used since it became available at free-electron laser (FEL) user facilities. Thus, in this Minireview, we examine the use of IRMPD/FEL spectroscopy for investigating ions derived from small molecules, metal complexes, organometallic compounds and biorelevant ions. Furthermore, we outline new applications of IRMPD spectroscopy to study biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Jašíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
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40
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Khuu T, Anick D, Shultz MJ. Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy: Aqueous p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Solvation. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:762-772. [PMID: 29292995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA) and water is studied at -20 °C in a CCl4 matrix. In CCl4 water exists as monomers with restricted rotational motion about its symmetry axis. Additionally, CCl4 is transparent in the hydrogen-bonded region; CCl4 thus constitutes an excellent ambient thermal energy matrix isolation medium for diagnosing interactions with water. Introducing pTSA-nH2O gives rise to two narrow resonances at 3642 cm-1 and at 2835 cm-1 plus a broad 3000-3550 cm-1 absorption. In addition, negative monomer symmetric and asymmetric stretch features relative to nominally dry CCl4 indicate that fewer water monomers exist in the cooled (-20 °C) acid solution than in room-temperature anhydrous CCl4. The negative peaks along with the broad absorption band indicate that water monomers are incorporated into clusters. The 3642 cm-1 resonance is assigned to the OH-π interaction with a cluster containing many water molecules per acid molecule. The 2835 cm-1 resonance is assigned to the (S-)O-H stretch of pTSA-dihydrate. The coexistence of these two species provides insights into interactions in this acid-water CCl4 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Khuu
- Laboratory for Aqueous and Surface Studies, Tufts University , Pearson Building, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David Anick
- Laboratory for Aqueous and Surface Studies, Tufts University , Pearson Building, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Mary Jane Shultz
- Laboratory for Aqueous and Surface Studies, Tufts University , Pearson Building, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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41
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Dzugan LC, DiRisio RJ, Madison LR, McCoy AB. Spectral signatures of proton delocalization in H+(H2O)n=1−4 ions. Faraday Discuss 2018; 212:443-466. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational couplings in protonated water clusters are described by harmonic analysis, vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) and diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Dzugan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | | | | | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
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42
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Gorlova O, Craig SM, Johnson MA. Communication: Spectroscopic characterization of a strongly interacting C(2)H group on the EMIM+ cation in the (EMIM+)2X− (X = BF4, Cl, Br, and I) ternary building blocks of ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:231101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5009009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gorlova
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Craig
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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43
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Duong CH, Gorlova O, Yang N, Kelleher PJ, Johnson MA, McCoy AB, Yu Q, Bowman JM. Disentangling the Complex Vibrational Spectrum of the Protonated Water Trimer, H +(H 2O) 3, with Two-Color IR-IR Photodissociation of the Bare Ion and Anharmonic VSCF/VCI Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3782-3789. [PMID: 28737922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy of the protonated water trimer provides a stringent constraint on the details of the potential energy surface (PES) and vibrational dynamics governing excess proton motion far from equilibrium. Here we report the linear spectrum of the cold, bare H+(H2O)3 ion using a two-color, IR-IR photofragmentation technique and follow the evolution of the bands with increasing ion trap temperature. The key low-energy features are insensitive to both D2 tagging and internal energy. The D2-tagged D+(D2O)3 spectrum is reported for the first time, and the isotope dependence of the band pattern is surprisingly complex. These spectra are reproduced by large-scale vibrational configuration interaction calculations based on a new full-dimensional PES, which treat the anharmonic effects arising from large amplitude motion. The results indicate such extensive mode mixing in both isotopologues that one should be cautious about assigning even the strongest features to particular motions, especially for the absorptions that occur close to the intramolecular bending mode of the water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh H Duong
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Olga Gorlova
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nan Yang
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick J Kelleher
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anne B McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Computational Science, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel M Bowman
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Computational Science, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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