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Zhang H, Zhang Q, Liu F, Han Y. Anisotropic-Isotropic Transition of Cages at the Glass Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:078201. [PMID: 38427876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.078201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing the local structural evolution is an essential step in understanding the nature of glass transition. In this work, we probe the evolution of Voronoi cell geometry in simple glass models by simulations and colloid experiments, and find that the individual particle cages deform anisotropically in supercooled liquid and isotropically in glass. We introduce an anisotropy parameter k for each Voronoi cell, whose mean value exhibits a sharp change at the mode-coupling glass transition ϕ_{c}. Moreover, a power law of packing fraction ϕ∝q_{1}^{d} is discovered in the supercooled liquid regime with d>D, in contrast to d=D in the glass regime, where q_{1} is the first peak position of structure factor, and D is the space dimension. This power law is qualitatively explained by the change of k. The active motions in supercooled liquid are spatially correlated with long axes rather than short axes of Voronoi cells. In addition, the dynamic slowing down approaching the glass transition can be well characterized through a modified free-volume model based on k. These findings reveal that the structural parameter k is effective in identifying the structure-dynamics correlations and the glass transition in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Lin S, Zhao L, Liu S, Wang Y, Fu G. Modeling the viscoelastic relaxation dynamics of soft particles via molecular dynamics simulation-informed multi-dimensional transition-state theory. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:502-511. [PMID: 36541141 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Viscoelastic soft colloidal particles have been widely explored in mechanical, chemical, pharmaceutical and other engineering applications due to their unique combination of viscosity and elasticity. The characteristic viscoelastic relaxation time shows an Arrhenius-type (or super-Arrhenius due to temperature-dependent transition attempts) thermally-activated behavior, but a holistic explanation from the relevant transition-state theory remains elusive. In this paper, the viscoelastic relaxation times of Lennard-Jones soft colloidal particle systems, including a single particle type system and a binary particle mixture based on the Kob-Andersen model, are determined using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as the benchmark. First, the particle systems show a non-Maxwellian behavior after comparing the MD-predicted viscoelastic relaxation time and dynamic moduli (storage and loss modulus) to the classic Maxwell viscoelastic model and the recent particle local connectivity theory. Surprisingly, neither the Maxwell relaxation time τMaxwell (obtained from the static shear viscosity η and the high-frequency shear modulus G∞) nor the particle local connectivity lifetime τLC can capture the super-Arrhenius temperature-dependent behavior in the MD-predicted relaxation time τMD. Then, the particle dissociation and association transition kinetics, fractal dimensions of the particle systems, and neighbor particle structure (obtained from the radial distribution functions) are shown to collectively determine the viscoelastic relaxation time. These factors are embedded into a new multi-dimensional transition kinetics model to directly estimate the viscoelastic relaxation time τModel, which is found to agree with the MD-predicted τMD remarkably well. This work highlights the microscopic origin of viscoelastic relaxation dynamics of soft colloidal particles, and theoretically connects rheological dynamics and transition kinetics in soft matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangchao Lin
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Ge Fu
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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3
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Jiang H, Xu J, Zhang Q, Yu Q, Shen L, Liu M, Sun Y, Cao C, Su D, Bai H, Meng S, Sun B, Gu L, Wang W. Direct observation of atomic-level fractal structure in a metallic glass membrane. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1312-1318. [PMID: 36654153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Determination and conceptualization of atomic structures of metallic glasses or amorphous alloys remain a grand challenge. Structural models proposed for bulk metallic glasses are still controversial owing to experimental difficulties in directly imaging the atom positions in three-dimensional structures. With the advanced atomic-resolution imaging, here we directly observed the atomic arrangements in atomically thin metallic glassy membranes obtained by vapor deposition. The atomic packing in the amorphous membrane is shown to have a fractal characteristic, with the fractal dimension depending on the atomic density. Locally, the atomic configuration for the metallic glass membrane is composed of many types of polygons with the bonding angles concentrated on 45°-55°. The fractal atomic structure is consistent with the analysis by the percolation theory, and may account for the enhanced relaxation dynamics and the easiness of glass transition as reported for the thin metallic glassy films or glassy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Laiquan Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yitao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chengrong Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dong Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiyang Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoan Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weihua Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lemaalem M, Hadrioui N, El Fassi S, Derouiche A, Ridouane H. An efficient approach to study membrane nano-inclusions: from the complex biological world to a simple representation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10962-10974. [PMID: 35423551 PMCID: PMC8695885 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00632k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane nano-inclusions (NIs) are of great interest in biophysics, materials science, nanotechnology, and medicine. We hypothesized that the NIs within a biological membrane bilayer interact via a simple and efficient interaction potential, inspired by previous experimental and theoretical work. This interaction implicitly treats the membrane lipids but takes into account its effect on the NIs micro-arrangement. Thus, the study of the NIs is simplified to a two-dimensional colloidal system with implicit solvent. We calculated the structural properties from Molecular Dynamics simulations (MD), and we developed a Scaling Theory to discuss their behavior. We determined the thermal properties through potential energy per NI and pressure, and we discussed their variation as a function of the NIs number density. We performed a detailed study of the NIs dynamics using two approaches, MD simulations, and Dynamics Theory. We identified two characteristic values of number density, namely a critical number density n c = 3.67 × 10-3 Å-2 corresponded to the apparition of chain-like structures along with the liquid dispersed structure and the gelation number density n g = 8.40 × 10-3 Å-2 corresponded to the jamming state. We showed that the aggregation structure of NIs is of fractal dimension d F < 2. Also, we identified three diffusion regimes of membrane NIs, namely, normal for n < n c, subdiffusive for n c ≤ n < n g, and blocked for n ≥ n g. Thus, this paper proposes a simple and effective approach for studying the physical properties of membrane NIs. In particular, our results identify scaling exponents related to the microstructure and dynamics of membrane NIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lemaalem
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères et Phénomènes Critiques, Sciences Faculty Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University P.O. Box 7955 Casablanca Morocco
| | - N Hadrioui
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères et Phénomènes Critiques, Sciences Faculty Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University P.O. Box 7955 Casablanca Morocco
| | - S El Fassi
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères et Phénomènes Critiques, Sciences Faculty Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University P.O. Box 7955 Casablanca Morocco
| | - A Derouiche
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères et Phénomènes Critiques, Sciences Faculty Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University P.O. Box 7955 Casablanca Morocco
| | - H Ridouane
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères et Phénomènes Critiques, Sciences Faculty Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University P.O. Box 7955 Casablanca Morocco
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Zhang H, Qiao K, Han Y. Power laws in pressure-induced structural change of glasses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2005. [PMID: 32332710 PMCID: PMC7181815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many glasses exhibit fractional power law (FPL) between the mean atomic volume va and the first diffraction peak position q1, i.e. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$v_{\mathrm{a}} \propto q_1^{ - d}$$\end{document}va∝q1−d with d ≃ 2.5 deviating from the space dimension D = 3, under compression or composition change. What structural change causes such FPL and whether the FPL and d are universal remain controversial. Here our simulations show that the FPL holds in both two- and three-dimensional glasses under compression when the particle interaction has two length scales which can induce nonuniform local deformations. The exponent d is not universal, but varies linearly with the deformable part of soft particles. In particular, we reveal an unexpected crossover regime with d > D from crystal behavior (d = D) to glass behavior (d < D). The results are explained by two types of bond deformation. We further discover FPLs in real space from the radial distribution functions, which correspond to the FPLs in reciprocal space. A puzzle in metallic glass research is the existence of the fractional power law in reciprocal space, whilst its origin remains controversial. Zhang et al. show that nonuniform local deformations under compression induce this phenomenon and quantify the power law exponent at both two and three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaiyao Qiao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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Ojovan MI, Louzguine-Luzgin DV. Revealing Structural Changes at Glass Transition via Radial Distribution Functions. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3186-3194. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. Ojovan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography Mineralogy and Geochemistry (IGEM), Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri V. Louzguine-Luzgin
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- MathAM-OIL, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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A transferable machine-learning framework linking interstice distribution and plastic heterogeneity in metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5537. [PMID: 31804485 PMCID: PMC6895099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
When metallic glasses (MGs) are subjected to mechanical loads, the plastic response of atoms is non-uniform. However, the extent and manner in which atomic environment signatures present in the undeformed structure determine this plastic heterogeneity remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that novel site environment features that characterize interstice distributions around atoms combined with machine learning (ML) can reliably identify plastic sites in several Cu-Zr compositions. Using only quenched structural information as input, the ML-based plastic probability estimates ("quench-in softness" metric) can identify plastic sites that could activate at high strains, losing predictive power only upon the formation of shear bands. Moreover, we reveal that a quench-in softness model trained on a single composition and quench rate substantially improves upon previous models in generalizing to different compositions and completely different MG systems (Ni62Nb38, Al90Sm10 and Fe80P20). Our work presents a general, data-centric framework that could potentially be used to address the structural origin of any site-specific property in MGs.
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Benefits of Fractal Approaches in Solid Dosage Form Development. Pharm Res 2019; 36:156. [PMID: 31493266 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical formulations are complex systems consisting of active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) and a number of excipients selected to provide the intended performance of the product. The understanding of materials' properties and technological processes is a requirement for building quality into pharmaceutical products. Such understanding is gained mostly from empirical correlations of material and process factors with quality attributes of the final product. However, it seems also important to gain knowledge based on mechanistic considerations. Promising is here to study morphological and/or topological characteristics of particles and their aggregates. These geometric aspects must be taken into account to better understand how product attributes emerge from raw materials, which includes, for example, mechanical tablet properties, disintegration or dissolution behavior. Regulatory agencies worldwide are promoting the use of physical models in pharmaceutics to design quality into a final product. This review deals with pharmaceutical applications of theoretical models, focusing on percolation theory, fractal, and multifractal geometry. The use of these so-called fractal approaches improves the understanding of different aspects in the development of solid dosage forms, for example by identifying critical drug and excipient concentrations, as well as to study effects of heterogeneity on dosage form performance. The aim is to link micro- and macrostructure to the emerging quality attributes of the pharmaceutical solid dosage forms as a strategy to enhance mechanistic understanding and to advance pharmaceutical development and manufacturing processes.
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Gangopadhyay AK, Kelton KF. A re-evaluation of thermal expansion measurements of metallic liquids and glasses from x-ray scattering experiments. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:204509. [PMID: 29865799 DOI: 10.1063/1.5032319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported a number of anomalies when estimates of linear thermal expansion coefficients of metallic liquids and glasses from x-ray scattering experiments were compared with direct measurements of volume/length changes with temperature. In most cases, the first peak of the pair correlation function showed a contraction, while the structure factor showed an expansion, but both at rates much different from those expected from the direct volume measurements. In addition, the relationship between atomic volume and the characteristic lengths obtained from the structure factor from scattering experiments was found to have a fractional exponent instead of one equal to three, as expected from the Ehrenfest relation. This has led to the speculation that the atomic packing in liquids and glasses follow a fractal behavior. These issues are revisited in this study using more in-depth analysis of recent higher resolution data and some new ideas suggested in the literature. The main conclusion is that for metallic alloys, at least to a large extent, most of these anomalies arise from complicated interplays of the temperature dependences of the various partial structure factors, which contribute to the total intensities of the scattering peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gangopadhyay
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K F Kelton
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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