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Koenig AB, Tan A, Abdelaal H, Monge F, Younossi ZM, Goodman ZD. Review article: Hepatic steatosis and its associations with acute and chronic liver diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 60:167-200. [PMID: 38845486 DOI: 10.1111/apt.18059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is a common finding in liver histopathology and the hallmark of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whose global prevalence is rising. AIMS To review the histopathology of hepatic steatosis and its mechanisms of development and to identify common and rare disease associations. METHODS We reviewed literature on the basic science of lipid droplet (LD) biology and clinical research on acute and chronic liver diseases associated with hepatic steatosis using the PubMed database. RESULTS A variety of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of chronic hepatic steatosis or steatotic liver disease, which typically appears macrovesicular. Microvesicular steatosis is associated with acute mitochondrial dysfunction and liver failure. Fat metabolic processes in hepatocytes whose dysregulation leads to the development of steatosis include secretion of lipoprotein particles, uptake of remnant lipoprotein particles or free fatty acids from blood, de novo lipogenesis, oxidation of fatty acids, lipolysis and lipophagy. Hepatic insulin resistance is a key feature of MASLD. Seipin is a polyfunctional protein that facilitates LD biogenesis. Assembly of hepatitis C virus takes place on LD surfaces. LDs make important, functional contact with the endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles. CONCLUSIONS Diverse liver pathologies are associated with hepatic steatosis, with MASLD being the most important contributor. The biogenesis and dynamics of LDs in hepatocytes are complex and warrant further investigation. Organellar interfaces permit co-regulation of lipid metabolism to match generation of potentially toxic lipid species with their LD depot storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Koenig
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Albert Tan
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Hala Abdelaal
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Fanny Monge
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- The Global NASH Council, Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zachary D Goodman
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
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2
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Maurya D, Rai G, Mandal D, Mondal BC. Transient caspase-mediated activation of caspase-activated DNase causes DNA damage required for phagocytic macrophage differentiation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114251. [PMID: 38761374 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic macrophages are crucial for innate immunity and tissue homeostasis. Most tissue-resident macrophages develop from embryonic precursors that populate every organ before birth to lifelong self-renew. However, the mechanisms for versatile macrophage differentiation remain unknown. Here, we use in vivo genetic and cell biological analysis of the Drosophila larval hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland that produces macrophages. We show that the developmentally regulated transient activation of caspase-activated DNase (CAD)-mediated DNA strand breaks in intermediate progenitors is essential for macrophage differentiation. Insulin receptor-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling regulates the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1)/c-Jun kinase (JNK) axis to control sublethal levels of caspase activation, causing DNA strand breaks during macrophage development. Furthermore, caspase activity is also required for embryonic-origin macrophage development and efficient phagocytosis. Our study provides insights into developmental signaling and CAD-mediated DNA strand breaks associated with multifunctional and heterogeneous macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Maurya
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gayatri Rai
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Debleena Mandal
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bama Charan Mondal
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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3
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Wang G, Jiang G, Peng R, Wang Y, Li J, Sima Y, Xu S. Multi-omics integrative analysis revealed characteristic changes in blood cell immunity and amino acid metabolism in a silkworm model of hyperproteinemia. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128809. [PMID: 38128801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyperproteinemia is a serious metabolic disease of both humans and animals characterized by an abnormally high plasma protein concentration (HPPC). Although hyperproteinemia can cause an imbalance in blood cell homeostasis, the functional changes to blood cells remain unclear. Here, a HPPC silkworm model was used to assess changes to the chromatin accessibility and transcript levels of genes related to blood cell metabolism and immune function. The results showed that HPPC enhanced phagocytosis of blood cells, increased chromatin accessibility and transcript levels of genes involved in cell phagocytosis, proliferation, stress, and programmed death, while genes associated with aromatic amino acid metabolism, and antibacterial peptide synthesis were inhibited in blood cells. Further analysis of the chromatin accessibility of the promoter region found that the high chromatin accessibility of genes sensitive to HPPC, was related to histone modifications, including tri-methylation of lysine residue 4 of histone H3 and acetylation of lysine residue 27 of histone H3. Changes to the chromatin accessibility and transcript levels of genes related to immune function and amino acid metabolism in the blood cells of the HPPC silkworm model provided useful references for future studies of the mechanisms underlying epigenomic regulation mediated by hyperproteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruji Peng
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianglan Li
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanghu Sima
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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4
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Kulbay M, Johnson B, Ricaud G, Séguin-Grignon MN, Bernier J. Energetic metabolic reprogramming in Jurkat DFF40-deficient cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2213-2233. [PMID: 35460011 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40), or the caspase-activated DNase (CAD), is an endonuclease specific for double-stranded DNA. Alterations in its function and expression have been linked to apoptosis resistance, a mechanism likely used by cancer cells. However, how the DFF40-related apoptosis resistance pathway occurs remains unclear. Here, we sought to determine if DFF40 expression could be linked to cell metabolism through the regulation of mitochondrial integrity and function. We demonstrated that DFF40-deficient cells are more resistant to staurosporine and tributyltin (TBT)-induced apoptosis, and express higher levels of Mcl-1 at basal state. Treatment with TBT induces higher Bcl-2 and caspase-9 mRNA transcripts in DFF40 KO Jurkat cells, as well as enhanced Bcl-2 phosphorylation. A loss of DFF40 expression induces a higher mitochondrial mass, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glycolysis rates in resting T cells. DFF40-deficient cells exhibit the Warburg effect phenotype, where they rely significantly more on glycolysis than oxidative phosphorylation and have a higher proliferative state, demonstrated by a higher Ki-67 transcription factor expression and AKT phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrated with cell fractioning that DFF40 can translocate to the mitochondria following apoptosis induction. Our study reveals that DFF40 may act as a regulator of mitochondria during cell death and its loss could compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause an energetic reprogramming in pathologies such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Johnson
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Ricaud
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | | | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Qi Y, Ji X, Ding H, Liu L, Zhang Y, Yin A. Novel Biallelic Variant in the BRAT1 Gene Caused Nonprogressive Cerebellar Ataxia Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:821587. [PMID: 35360849 PMCID: PMC8960271 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.821587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in BRAT1 cause lethal neonatal rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome (RMFSL), a phenotype characterized by neonatal microcephaly, hypertonia, and refractory epilepsy with premature death. Recently, attenuated disease variants have been described, suggesting that a wider clinical spectrum of BRAT1-associated neurodegeneration exists than was previously thought. Here, we reported a 10-year-old girl with severe intellectual disability, rigidity, ataxia or dyspraxia, and cerebellar atrophy on brain MRI; two BRAT1 variants in the trans configuration [c.1014A > C (p.Pro338 = ); c.706delC (p.Leu236Cysfs*5)] were detected using whole-exome sequencing. RNA-seq confirmed significantly decreased BRAT1 transcript levels in the presence of the variant; further, it revealed an intron retention between exon 7 and exon 8 caused by the synonymous base substitute. Subsequent prenatal diagnosis for these two variants guided the parents to reproduce. We expand the phenotypic spectrum of BRAT1-associated disorders by first reporting the pathogenic synonymous variant of the BRAT1 gene, resulting in clinical severity that is mild compared to the severe phenotype seen in RMFSL. Making an accurate diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of BRAT1-associated neurodegeneration is important for reproductive consultation and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Qi
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqi Ji
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Clinical Medicine College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongke Ding
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Yin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Clinical Medicine College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Aihua Yin,
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Ha HJ, Park HH. Molecular basis of apoptotic DNA fragmentation by DFF40. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:198. [PMID: 35236824 PMCID: PMC8891305 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough the functions of CIDE domain-containing proteins, including DFF40, DFF45, CIDE-A, CIDE-B, and FSP27, in apoptotic DNA fragmentation and lipid homeostasis have been studied extensively in mammals, the functions of four CIDE domain-containing proteins identified in the fly, namely DREP1, 2, 3, and 4, have not been explored much. Recent structural study of DREP4, a fly orthologue of mammalian DFF40 (an endonuclease involved in apoptotic DNA fragmentation), showed that the CIDE domain of DREP4 (and DFF40) forms filament-like assembly, which is critical for the corresponding function. The current study aimed to investigate the mechanism of filament formation of DREP4 CIDE and to characterize the same. DREP4 CIDE was shown to specifically bind to histones H1 and H2, an event important for the nuclease activity of DREP4. Based on the current experimental results, we proposed the mechanism underlying the process of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
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7
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Novel variant in BRAT1 with the lethal neonatal rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:565-571. [PMID: 33790413 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lethal neonatal rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome (RMFSL) is caused by variants in BRAT1 (BRCA1-associated protein required for ATM activation-1). However, the molecular mechanism of RMFSL is still unclear. METHODS An RMFSL infant was recruited and the peripheral blood samples from his trio-family were collected. The genomic DNA was extracted, and then the whole-exome sequencing was performed. The expression of BRAT1 was analyzed by Western blotting. The subcellular localization of BRAT1 and MitoSOX (mitochondrial superoxide level) was investigated by confocal microscopy. The RNA samples were obtained from transfected cells, and then the RNA sequencing was performed. RESULTS In this study, a novel homozygous BRAT1 variant c.233G > C with amino acid change of R with P at residue 78 (R78P) was identified. This variant altered the peptide structure and subcellular localization, as well as the expression in vitro. However, R78P did not alter the ability of BRAT1 to downregulate MitoSOX in mitochondria. Meanwhile, R78P BRAT1 was positively correlated with temporal lobe epilepsy, autosomal recessive primary microcephaly, defective/absent horizontal voluntary eye movements, and neuron apoptotic process as indicated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). CONCLUSIONS The BRAT1 variant spectrum has been expanded, which will be helpful for genetic counseling. We also explored the molecular mechanism altered by R78P, which will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of RMFSL. IMPACT The detailed course of an infant with lethal neonatal RMFSL was depicted. A novel disease-causing variant R78P in BRAT1 for lethal neonatal RMFSL was identified. R78P led to reduced BRAT1 expression and nuclear localization in vitro. R78P did not alter the ability of BRAT1 to downregulate MitoSOX in the mitochondria. The variant R78P in BRAT1 was positively correlated with temporal lobe epilepsy, autosomal recessive primary microcephaly, defective/absent horizontal voluntary eye movements, and neuron apoptotic process as indicated by GSEA.
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8
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Lee SY, Kwon S, Ha HJ, Lee SH, Park HH. Helical filament structure of the DREP3 CIDE domain reveals a unified mechanism of CIDE-domain assembly. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:1543-1553. [PMID: 34866610 PMCID: PMC8647176 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321010767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) domain is a protein-interaction module comprising ∼80 amino acids and was initially identified in several apoptotic nucleases and their regulators. CIDE-domain-containing proteins were subsequently identified among proteins involved in lipid metabolism. Given the involvement of CIDE-domain-containing proteins in cell death and lipid homeostasis, their structure and function have been intensively studied. Here, the head-to-tail helical filament structure of the CIDE domain of DNA fragmentation factor-related protein 3 (DREP3) is presented. The helical filament structure was formed by opposing positively and negatively charged interfaces of the domain and was assembled depending on protein and salt concentrations. Although conserved filament structures are observed in CIDE family members, the structure elucidated in this study and its comparison with previous structures indicated that the size and the number of molecules used in one turn vary. These findings suggest that this charged-surface-based head-to-tail helical filament structure represents a unified mechanism of CIDE-domain assembly and provides insight into the function of various forms of the filament structure of the CIDE domain in higher-order assembly for apoptotic DNA fragmentation and control of lipid-droplet size.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghark Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Gossypol Treatment Restores Insufficient Apoptotic Function of DFF40/CAD in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215579. [PMID: 34771741 PMCID: PMC8583586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor and almost all patients die because of relapses. GBM-derived cells undergo cell death without nuclear fragmentation upon treatment with different apoptotic agents. Nuclear dismantling determines the point-of-no-return in the apoptotic process. DFF40/CAD is the main endonuclease implicated in apoptotic nuclear disassembly. To be properly activated, DFF40/CAD should reside in the cytosol. However, the endonuclease is poorly expressed in the cytosol and remains cumulated in the nucleus of GBM cells. Here, by employing commercial and non-commercial patient-derived GBM cells, we demonstrate that the natural terpenoid aldehyde gossypol prompts DFF40/CAD-dependent nuclear fragmentation. A comparative analysis between gossypol- and staurosporine-treated cells evidenced that levels of neither caspase activation nor DNA damage were correlated with the ability of each compound to induce nuclear fragmentation. Deconvoluted confocal images revealed that DFF40/CAD was almost completely excluded from the nucleus early after the staurosporine challenge. However, gossypol-treated cells maintained DFF40/CAD in the nucleus for longer times, shaping a ribbon-like structure piercing the nuclear fragments and building a network of bridged masses of compacted chromatin. Therefore, GBM cells can fragment their nuclei if treated with the adequate insult, making the cell death process irreversible.
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Lyu X, Wang J, Wang J, Yin YS, Zhu Y, Li LL, Huang S, Peng S, Xue B, Liao R, Wang SQ, Long M, Wohland T, Chua BT, Sun Y, Li P, Chen XW, Xu L, Chen FJ, Li P. A gel-like condensation of Cidec generates lipid-permeable plates for lipid droplet fusion. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2592-2606.e7. [PMID: 34508658 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane contact between intracellular organelles is important in mediating organelle communication. However, the assembly of molecular machinery at membrane contact site and its internal organization correlating with its functional activity remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a gel-like condensation of Cidec, a crucial protein for obesity development by facilitating lipid droplet (LD) fusion, occurs at the LD-LD contact site (LDCS) through phase separation. The homomeric interaction between the multivalent N terminus of Cidec is sufficient to promote its phase separation both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, Cidec condensation at LDCSs generates highly plastic and lipid-permeable fusion plates that are geometrically constrained by donor LDs. In addition, Cidec condensates are distributed unevenly in the fusion plate generating stochastic sub-compartments that may represent unique lipid passageways during LD fusion. We have thus uncovered the organization and functional significance of geometry-constrained Cidec phase separation in mediating LD fusion and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye-Sheng Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuangru Huang
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and NUS Centre for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Shuang Peng
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.15 Beisihuanxi Road, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Boxin Xue
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rongyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mian Long
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.15 Beisihuanxi Road, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and NUS Centre for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Boon Tin Chua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pilong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Feng-Jung Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China.
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11
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Kwon S, Chun HL, Ha HJ, Lee SY, Park HH. Heterogeneous multimeric structure of isocitrate lyase in complex with succinate and itaconate provides novel insights into its inhibitory mechanism. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251067. [PMID: 33951112 PMCID: PMC8099091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the glyoxylate cycle, isocitrate lyases (ICLs) catalyze the lysis of isocitrate to glyoxylate and succinate. Itaconate has been reported to inhibit an ICL from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tbICL). To elucidate the molecular mechanism of ICL inhibition, we determined the crystal structure of tbICL in complex with itaconate. Unexpectedly, succinate and itaconate were found to bind to the respective active sites in the dimeric form of tbICL. Our structure revealed the active site architecture as an open form, although the substrate and inhibitor were bound to the active sites. Our findings provide novel insights into the conformation of tbICL upon its binding to a substrate or inhibitor, along with molecular details of the inhibitory mechanism of itaconate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghark Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Molecular basis of IRGB10 oligomerization and membrane association for pathogen membrane disruption. Commun Biol 2021; 4:92. [PMID: 33469160 PMCID: PMC7815755 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity-related GTPase B10 (IRGB10) belongs to the interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPases, a family of proteins critical to host defense. It is induced by IFNs after pathogen infection, and plays a role in liberating pathogenic ligands for the activation of the inflammasome by directly disrupting the pathogen membrane. Although IRGB10 has been intensively studied owing to its functional importance in the cell-autonomous immune response, the molecular mechanism of IRGB10-mediated microbial membrane disruption is still unclear. In this study, we report the structure of mouse IRGB10. Our structural study showed that IRGB10 bound to GDP forms an inactive head-to-head dimer. Further structural analysis and comparisons indicated that IRGB10 might change its conformation to activate its membrane-binding and disruptive functions. Based on this observation, we propose a model of the working mechanism of IRGB10 during pathogen membrane disruption. Ha et al. present a crystal structure of mouse IRGB10, a mouse interferon-inducible GTPase that mediates bacteriolysis in cell autonomous immunity. With further mutagenesis studies, they show that IRGB10 bound to GDP forms an inactive head-to-head dimer, which changes its conformation to activate its membrane-binding and disruptive functions.
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13
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Kulbay M, Bernier-Parker N, Bernier J. The role of the DFF40/CAD endonuclease in genomic stability. Apoptosis 2021; 26:9-23. [PMID: 33387146 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of genomic stability in cells is primordial for cellular integrity and protection against tumor progression. Many factors such as ultraviolet light, oxidative stress, exposure to chemical reagents, particularly mutagens and radiation, can alter the integrity of the genome. Thus, human cells are equipped with many mechanisms that prevent these irreversible lesions in the genome, as DNA repair pathways, cell cycle checkpoints, and telomeric function. These mechanisms activate cellular apoptosis to maintain DNA stability. Emerging studies have proposed a new protein in the maintenance of genomic stability: the DNA fragmentation factor (DFF). The DFF40 is an endonuclease responsible of the oligonucleosomal fragmentation of the DNA during apoptosis. The lack of DFF in renal carcinoma cells induces apoptosis without oligonucleosomal fragmentation, which poses a threat to genetic information transfer between cancerous and healthy cells. In this review, we expose the link between the DFF and genomic instability as the source of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier-Santé-Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathan Bernier-Parker
- Toronto Animal Health Partners Emergency and Specialty Hospital, 1 Scarsdale Road, North York, ON, M3B 2R2, Canada
| | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier-Santé-Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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14
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Lee SY, Kim GE, Kim YG, Park HH. A 1.3 Å high-resolution crystal structure of an anti-CRISPR protein, AcrI E2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:751-757. [PMID: 32988588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As a result of bacterial infection with viruses, bacteria have developed CRISPR-Cas as an adaptive immune system, which allows them to destroy the viral genetic material introduced via infection. However, viruses have also evolved to develop multiple anti-CRISPR proteins, which are capable of inactivating the CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system to combat bacteria. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with anti-CRISPR proteins by determining a high-resolution crystal structure (1.3 Å) of Type I-E anti-CRISPR protein called AcrIE2. Our structural analysis revealed that AcrIE2 was composed of unique folds comprising five antiparallel β-sheets (β1∼β5) surrounding one α-helix (α1) in the order, β2β1α1β5β4β3. Structural comparison of AcrIE2 with a structural homolog called AcrIF9 showed that AcrIE2 contained a long and flexible β4-β5 connecting loop and a distinct surface feature. These results indicated that the inhibitory mechanism of AcrIE2 might be different from that of AcrIF9. This unique structure of AcrIE2 indicates its special mode of CRISPR-Cas inhibitory activity. Therefore, this study helps us understand the diversity in the inhibitory mechanisms of Acr family.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Lee
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Eob Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Gil Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Ha HJ, Park HH. Crystal structure of the human NLRP9 pyrin domain reveals a bent N-terminal loop that may regulate inflammasome assembly. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2396-2405. [PMID: 32542766 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Members of the NLR family pyrin domain containing (NLRPs) are pattern recognition receptors that participate in innate immunity. They form inflammasomes, which are platforms for caspase-1 recruitment and activation. The NLRP pyrin domain (PYD) is critical for the assembly of inflammasomes due to its ability to mediate protein interactions. Despite intensive structural studies on inflammasomes with PYDs, the structure of the PYD of NLRP9-the least studied member of the family-remains unknown. Herein, we report the crystal structure of the human NLRP9 PYD at 2.1 Å resolution, which reveals a kinked N-terminal loop oriented toward the interior of the helical bundle. Based on our findings, we propose a regulatory role for the kinked N-terminal loop of NLRP9 PYD in inflammasome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Assembly of platforms for signal transduction in the new era: dimerization, helical filament assembly, and beyond. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:356-366. [PMID: 32139779 PMCID: PMC7156525 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular organizing center (SMOC)-mediated signal transduction is an emerging concept in the field of signal transduction that is ushering in a new era. The formation of location-specific, higher-order SMOCs is particularly important for cell death and innate immune signaling processes. Several protein interaction domains, including the death domain (DD) superfamily and the CIDE domain, are representative mediators of SMOC assembly in cell death and innate immune signaling pathways. DD superfamily- and CIDE domain-containing proteins form SMOCs that activate various caspases and provide signaling scaffold platforms. These assemblies can lead to signal transduction and amplification during signaling events. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the molecular basis of DD superfamily- and CIDE domain-mediated SMOC formation. Improved understanding of large molecular signaling complexes that form during innate (nonspecific) immune responses could help develop treatments for multiple diseases including cancer. Correct cell signaling requires precise protein interactions and binding, which are mediated by specific sites on the surface of the protein molecules involved. Innate immune responses and cell death mechanisms rely on such protein interactions, and defects can cause signaling abnormalities and trigger disease. Hyun Ho Park and co-workers at Chung-Ang University in Seoul, South Korea, reviewed recent insights into the presence of supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs), localized complexes of signaling proteins that form during immune responses. The researchers highlight existing understanding of SMOC assembly processes. A better understanding of SMOCs will help to explain enzyme activation, signal amplification and cell signaling control mechanisms.
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Chen F, Yin Y, Chua BT, Li P. CIDE family proteins control lipid homeostasis and the development of metabolic diseases. Traffic 2019; 21:94-105. [PMID: 31746121 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Jung Chen
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yesheng Yin
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Boon Tin Chua
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
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18
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Park HH. Domain swapping of death domain superfamily: Alternative strategy for dimerization. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:565-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Slayton M, Gupta A, Balakrishnan B, Puri V. CIDE Proteins in Human Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030238. [PMID: 30871156 PMCID: PMC6468517 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death-Inducing DNA Fragmentation Factor Alpha (DFFA)-like Effector (CIDE) proteins have emerged as lipid droplet-associated proteins that regulate fat metabolism. There are three members in the CIDE protein family—CIDEA, CIDEB, and CIDEC (also known as fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27)). CIDEA and FSP27 are primarily expressed in adipose tissue, while CIDEB is expressed in the liver. Originally, based upon their homology with DNA fragmentation factors, these proteins were identified as apoptotic proteins. However, recent studies have changed the perception of these proteins, redefining them as regulators of lipid droplet dynamics and fat metabolism, which contribute to a healthy metabolic phenotype in humans. Despite various studies in humans and gene-targeting studies in mice, the physiological roles of CIDE proteins remains elusive. This review will summarize the known physiological role and metabolic pathways regulated by the CIDE proteins in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Slayton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Bijinu Balakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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Kim CM, Ha HJ, Kwon S, Jeong JH, Lee SH, Kim YG, Lee CS, Lee JH, Park HH. Structural transformation-mediated dimerization of caspase recruitment domain revealed by the crystal structure of CARD-only protein in frog virus 3. J Struct Biol 2019; 205:189-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Crystal structure and mutation analysis revealed that DREP2 CIDE forms a filament-like structure with features differing from those of DREP4 CIDE. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17810. [PMID: 30546036 PMCID: PMC6292858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death-inducing DFF45-like effect (CIDE) domain-containing proteins, DFF40, DFF45, CIDE-A, CIDE-B, and FSP27, play important roles in apoptotic DNA fragmentation and lipid homeostasis. The function of DFF40/45 in apoptotic DNA fragmentation is mediated by CIDE domain filament formation. Although our recent structural study of DREP4 CIDE revealed the first filament-like structure of the CIDE domain and its functional importance, the filament structure of DREP2 CIDE is unclear because this structure was not helical in the asymmetric unit. In this study, we present the crystal structure and mutagenesis analysis of the DREP2 CIDE mutant, which confirmed that DREP2 CIDE also forms a filament-like structure with features differing from those of DREP4 CIDE.
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22
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Ha HJ, Park HH. RAIDD mutations underlie the pathogenesis of thin lissencephaly (TLIS). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205042. [PMID: 30281648 PMCID: PMC6169973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of caspase-2-mediated neuronal cell death causes neurodegenerative diseases and defective brain development. PIDDosome is caspase-2 activating complex composed of PIDD, RAIDD, and caspase-2. Recent whole-exome sequencing study showed that the RAIDD mutations in the death domain (DD), including G128R, F164C, R170C, and R170H mutations, cause thin lissencephaly (TLIS) by reducing caspase-2-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Given that the molecular structure of the RAIDD DD:PIDD DD complex is available, in this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms underlying TLIS caused by the RAIDD TLIS variants by performing mutagenesis and biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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23
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Kim CM, Jeon SH, Choi JH, Lee JH, Park HH. Interaction mode of CIDE family proteins in fly: DREP1 and DREP3 acidic surfaces interact with DREP2 and DREP4 basic surfaces. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189819. [PMID: 29240809 PMCID: PMC5730196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45)-like effector (CIDE) domains were initially identified as protein interaction modules in apoptotic nucleases and are now known to form a highly conserved family with diverse functions that range from cell death to lipid homeostasis. In the fly, four CIDE domain-containing proteins (DFF-related protein [DREP]-1–4) and their functions, including interaction relationships, have been identified. In this study, we introduced and investigated acidic side-disrupted mutants of DREP1, DREP2, and DREP3. We discovered that the acidic surface patches of DREP1 and DREP3 are critical for the homo-dimerization. In addition, we found that the acidic surface sides of DREP1 and DREP3 interact with the basic surface sides of DREP2 and DREP4. Our current study provides clear evidence demonstrating the mechanism of the interactions between four DREP proteins in the fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Kim
- School of Natural Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Jeon
- School of Natural Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Metrology for Quality of Life, Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Inchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- School of Natural Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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